初升高英语衔接课7-8句子基本成分及句型
初升高英语无忧衔接(通用版) 专题07 句子成分、类型与长难句分析【课件】(共69张PPT
• （3）由系动词加表语构成。如：
•
we are students.
• 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
（三）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 _____词后也会跟宾语。
动词/动词短语
介词
• She covered her face with her hands.
1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：
He always kept silent at meeting.
3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
名词
形容词 介词短语
to do 不定式 现在分词 doing
done 过去分词
宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的
复合结构
六）宾语补足语
• 宾语补足语（Object Complement），用于补充说明宾 语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起 构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let， help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。 “宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、 介词短语充当。例如：
5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We fou（nd不e定ve式ry短th语in）g in the lab in good order.
（现在分词）
（介词短语）
八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足 语相应地变为主语补足语
初高中衔接8：英语句子成分分析
英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。
一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。
句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语（核心：主动词）1．主语：句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。
If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。
The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。
充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）主语从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式。
形式主语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。
) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。
) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。
)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替, 而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。
) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。
初高中衔接句子成分及基本句型
初高中衔接句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
句子成分和基本的句型结构讲义初高中英语衔接课程
语法精讲：句子成分和基本句子结构知识点1 句子成分句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要句子成分（sentence elements）有主语（S）、谓语（V）、宾语（0）、补语（C）、状语（A）、表语（P）、定语（Attr.）等。
具体如下：1．主语（subject）：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：The students are listening to me carefully. They want to learn English well. Learning English well isn't as hard as you think.学生们在认真听我讲课。
他们想学好英语，学好英语不像你想的那么难。
2.谓语(verb):说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如:He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
The students are playing basketball on the playground.学生们正在操场上打篮球。
The film is interesting.这部电影很有趣。
3.宾语(object):指动作所涉及的人或事物。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词或介词之后。
有的动词后面可以接两个宾语,通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object),把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。
如:He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本词典。
(动词的宾语)We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。
（介词的宾语）Lend me your book，please.请把你的书借给我。
初高中英语衔接语法词类和句子成分课件
定语 (attribute)---修饰名词，代词等 状语 (adverbial)---修饰动词，形容词，副词等
Part3
八种基本句型
基本句型
简称
主语+谓语
SV
主语+谓语+宾语
SVO
主语+系动词+表语
SVP
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 SVIODO
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 SVOOC
主语+谓语+状语
SVA
主语+谓语+宾语+状语
SVOA
存现句
There be
基本句型（1）
主语+谓语 s+v
The sun rises. （rise-rose-risen 是vi，不能带宾语.）
谓语动词特点： 不及物动词（本身意思完整，后面不需要宾语）
基本句型（2） 主语+谓语+宾语 （S. + V. + O. ） 该句型的谓语动词必须是vt或vt的动词词组.
1.The sun keeps us warm. 2.I heard him singing. 3.You must get your hair cut.
基本句型（6）主语+谓语+状语
He talked too much.
基本句型（7）主语+谓语+宾语+状语
I had my first maths class at senior high school.
⑩ 感叹词 interj. Oh, ah等。
Part2
句子成分
句子成分及功能：
2023-2024学年初升高英语衔接课八大句子成分课件
定语起修饰限定名词或代词的作用，一般由形容词、数词、 动词不定式、从句等充当； 位置：被修饰词前或后，可分为前置定语和后置定语。
状语(adverbial)
I love you so much.
I love you because you are you.
主系
表 (S P)
2. Tom gave them two books yesterday.
主 谓 间宾 直宾 时间状语 （S V IO DO A）
3. Nobody can help you but you yourself.
主
谓宾
同位语 （S V O）
4. Mike has to look after his sick mother.
3. I often go to school by bus. C
A. I B. often
C. go
D. bus
4. There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
1. I don't like the picture on the wall. A
A. don't like B. on C. picture D. wall
2. Li Hua found the book interesting. A
A. found B. book C. interesting D. Li Hua
主ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
初升高英语衔接课7-8句子基本成分及句型_2023年学习资料
请用所学知识改正下列病句-My roommate was sleeping,-we didn't want to wake her up-*I went to bed.Because I was-tired.
My roommate was sleepingG-We didn't want to wake her p-vMy roommate was sleeping,-we didn't want to wake h r up-v I went to bed becauseI-tired.
中学生英文写作中经常-使用的从句有：-1.宾语从句-2.状语从句-3.定语从句
指出下列各从句的类型：-*I hope that everything is-宾语从句-all right -*She was reading the-状语从句-newspaper when I came in.She is the girl who sings-定语从-best of all.
英语长句的分析-一、长包的特点：-1修饰语多；-2并列成分多；-3语言结构层次多。
eg.-The study made clear that the working class-that s so over-represented in crime statistics-consists of lower-class people living in the-lower-class areas of large cities.
有下划线的词叫从属连词-subordinating conjunction-*I'll give the etter to him when I see him.-He didn't come yesterday because he-was ill.-*It is such a big box that nobody can-move it.-*We'll go to the great wall if it's fine tomorrow.-Although the place is quite pleasant,we-sho ld not go there all the time.
初高中衔接：英文句子的八种基本结构含答案
英文句子八种基本结构学好英语就必须看懂英文句子结构，而熟练掌握英语句子的八种基本结构是写好英文句子的前提条件。
下面介绍英文句子的八种基本结构。
一、S + V（主语+ 谓语）主谓结构中的谓语主要是由不及物动词以及相当于不及物动词的短语动词来充当。
1.The sun rises in the east and falls in the west every day.太阳每天从东边升起西边落下。
2.Who cares? 谁在乎呢？3.The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流畅。
4.They talked for half an hour. 他们交谈了半个小时。
5.Great changes have taken place in the city in the past decade.在过去十年中，这个城市发生了巨大的变化。
二、S + V + P（主语+系动词+表语）英文中常见的系动词有be, feel, taste, smell, fall, become, turn, sound, appear, seem, grow, turn, look等等。
1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是一本英汉字典。
2.The dinner smells good. 这饭菜闻起来真香。
3.He fell in love. 他恋爱了。
4.His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。
5.The little boy looked very worried. 这个小男孩显得很焦虑。
三、S + V + O（主语+谓语+宾语）在主谓宾结构中，谓语主要由及物动词以及相当于及物动词的短语动词来充当。
1.Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？2.He has refused to help them. 他已经拒绝帮助他们。
3.He enjoys reading. 他喜欢阅读。
句子成分练习英语初升高衔接课程
句子成分练习一、句子成分1.主语(subject)Eating too much is bad for your health.2.谓语(verb)Recently, the effect of tourism on the environment has attracted people's attention.3.宾语(object)Where he once feel like giving UD, he now has the determination to push further and keep on moving.4.bin (complement)They arc having their house painted.5.状语(adverbial)Fortunately, everything worked out all right in the end.6.表语(predictive)The old man felt very tired after a whole day's hard word.7.定语(attributive)Come to my office and I have something imDorlant to tell you.巩固练习写出下列句子中划线部分充当的句子成分。
1.Smoking does harm to health.2.The weather turned warm.3.The boy cried after hearing the sad news.4.My father bought inc a new bike last week.5.1 find the Droblum really confusing.6.Much interested, he agreed【o give it a trv.7.The club sei UD bv John was a DODular club of my school.8.You should ihink about whal I。
初升高衔接——英语句子成分解析
英语句子成分解析1、主语(subject)2、谓语(predicate)3、宾语（object）4、表语（predicative）5、定语（attribute）6、状语（adverbial）7、补语（complement）8、同位语（appositive）1、主语(subject)是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体，它的位置一般在一句之首，可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1. Our master is very kind.2. He is a good boy.3. Teaching them English is her job.4. To work with them is very interesting指出下列句中的主语① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2、谓语(predicate)或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。
1．由简单的动词构成。
(1). He worked hard all day today.(2). The plane took off at ten o’clock.2．由动词短语构成的谓语。
(1). I am reading.(2). You can do it if you try hard.3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。
英语初升高新高一衔接课程第8讲 语法：句子成分分析
学一学一、基本句型一：主语+谓语主语+不及物动词。
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
【例句】The sun rises. 太阳升起来了。
主语谓语二、基本句型二：主语+谓语+宾语主语+及物动词+宾语。
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
这类动词叫作及物动词。
【例句】I know your name. 我知道你的名字。
主语谓语宾语三、基本句型三：主语+系动词+表语主语+连系动词+表语。
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫作连系动词。
系动词分为两类：be，look，keep，seem等为一类，表示情况；get，grow，become，turn等属另一类，表示变化。
be本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作业。
其他系动词仍保持其部分词义。
【例句】The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。
主语系动词表语四、基本句型四：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。
间接宾语前需加to的常用动词有：allow，bring，deny，give，leave，lend，offer，pass，pay，permit，promise，refuse，send，show等。
【例句】My mom passed me the book.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语= My mom passed the book to me. 我妈妈递给我这本书。
初高中衔接英语句子成分和基本句型课件
找出谓语动词
① What happened?
② The plane took off at 10 o’clock.
③ We were beaten by their team.
④
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口诀：妆感正持续变好
及物动词 & 不及物动词
及物动词（vt.）
不及物动词（vi.）
➢ 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象 ➢ 不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对
（即宾语） ➢ 可直接跟宾语。
象（即宾语）。 ➢ 若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
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找出宾语，并判断其由什么充当
① Show your passport, please.
① （名词）
② She didn't say anything.
5。表语
说明或表述主语的身份、特征和状态
位置在系动词之后
一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
初高衔接-句子成分
学校标志
2. 在英语课上养成记笔记的习惯是很重要的。 It is very important to get into the habit of taking notes in English class.
㈡谓语
学校标志
主语
谓语 宾语
（主谓宾）
2. He handed me
the newspaper.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
（主谓宾宾）
3. I shall answer your question after class.
主语 谓语 宾语
地点状语 （主谓宾）
4. His job is to train swimmers.
The reason is that he got up late this morning.
The truth that he won the first prize was exciting.
分析一下句子成分并判断句子结构。
1. The students got on the school bus.
学校标志
（八）同位语
位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old. He himself will do the experiment. We Chinese people are very friendly.
学校标志
1 主语 “什么人”或“什么事” 2 谓语 “做什么” 或“怎么样”
学校标志
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
英语初高衔接课---句子基本结构、句子成分(教师版)
英语初高衔接课句子基本结构、句子成分（教师版）PresentationⅠ. 简单句（Simple sentence）:回忆简单句的五种基本句型Ⅱ. 并列句(Compound sentence)：什么叫并列句？学过的并列连词有哪些？1.定义：并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子，其结构为“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
常见的并列连词有and, but, or ,so, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…等e.g. 再试一次吧，或许你就能赢得去意大利的免费车票。
（用横线划出并列的句子及并列连词）我们邻近的电影院又小又旧，但是他们的却又大又现代。
（中译英）The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but theirs is big and modern.小心，否则你会打碎那个花瓶的！（中译英）Be careful, or you will break that vase!Jack在每门功课上都努力学习，因此他上学期获得了奖学金（scholarship）。
（中译英）Jack worked very hard at every subject, so he gained a scholarship last term.他不但认识她而且他们还是好朋友。
（中译英）Tom既不留长发，也不穿牛仔裤。
（中译英）2.知识拓展：用and、as well as、neither(nor)等并列连词连接并列句时，某些重复的成分常被省略。
e.g.I don’t know, nor does she (know).●不少并列连词具有对称性，这样的连词常见的有：and, not only…but also…, 利用连词的对称性，可以由连词一边的结构推断出另一边的结构。
e.g. Unfortunately, the rear（后面，后部）of my car was heavy because the engine was there and alsobecause there was a new weight-lifting set laid in the back seat, my car turned completely around on the slippery road.A woman in a night dress and a borrowed（借来的）man’s coat screamed when she saw me andcame (come) running madly. （14年高考一模语法填空题）Ⅲ. 复合句(Complex sentence)：什么叫复合句？你所学的复合句有哪些？宾语从句需要遵循什么样的时态及语序规则？1.定义：复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
初升高英语衔接课7-8句子基本成分及句型
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
定语从 句
请用括号中所给的词把每组 句子连接为一个复合句。
He has found out .She was late.(why)
He has found out why she was late.
I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.(when) I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
有下划线的词叫从属连词
(subordinating conjunction)
I’ll give the letter to him when I see him. He didn’t come yesterday because he was ill. It is such a big box that nobody can move it. We’ll go to the great wall if it’s fine tomorrow. Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.
(2) 找出句中所有的非谓语动词、介词短语和 从句的引导词。 The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities.
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指出下列各从句的类型：
❖I hope that everything is all right.
❖She was reading the newspaper when I came in.
❖She is the girl who sings best of all.
宾语从句
状语从句
定语从 句
请用括号中所给的词把每组 句子连接为一个复合句。
✓My roommate was sleeping, so we didn’t want to wake her up.
✓I went to bed because I was tired.
英语长句的分析
一、长句的特点：
(1) 修饰语多； (2) 并列成分多； (3) 语言结构层次多。
eg. The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities.
有下划线的词叫从属连词
(subordinating conjunction)
❖I’ll give the letter to him when I see him. ❖He didn’t come yesterday because he was ill. ❖It is such a big box that nobody can move it. ❖We’ll go to the great wall if it’s fine tomorrow. ❖Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.
Basic Parts of English Sentence
英语句子的种类
简单句 (simple sentence) 并列句 (compound sentence) 复合句 (complex sentence)
简单句 (simple sentence)
A.只包含一个主谓结构
Mary opened the door.
复合句:主句+从句 主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。
从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个 主句连用，不能独立存在.
请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。
从句 By the time he arrived,
1
主句
we had already left.
2
He has found out .She was late.(why)
He has found out why she was late.
I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.(when) I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
则成为一个并列句。
I turned on the TV. I watched it.
➢ I turned on the TV and
并列句
watched it.
I bought my sister a present.
She didn’t like it.
并列句
➢I bought my sister a present,but
B.两个主语和一个谓语
Steve and his friend are coming to dinner.
C.一个主语和两个谓语
Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.
并列句(compound sentence):
把两个或几个简单句
用并列连词连接起来，
请用所学知识改正下列病句 ❖ My roommate was sleeping,
we didn’t want to wake her up. ❖ I went to bed.Because I was
tired.
✓My roommate was sleeping . We didn’t want to wake her up.
• 选择并列连词: or,either…or
请用合适的并列连词把每组句子
合并为一个并列句。 1.He was tired.
He went to bed.
He was tired, so he went to bed.
2.The child hid behind his mother's skirt. He was afraid of the dog. The child hid behind his mother's skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.
she didn’t like it.
常用并列连词 coordinating conjunctions
• 平行并列连词: and,both…and, not only… but also, neither…nor
• 转折并列连词： but,however,while,yet • 因果并列连词: for,so
复合句类型：
1. 形容词性（定语）从句(The Ajective Clause) 2. 副词性（状语）从句(The Adverbial Clause) 3. 名词性（主语、宾语、表语和同位语）从句 (The Noun Clause)。
中学生英文写作中经常 使用的从句有：
1. 宾语从句 2. 状语从句 3. 定语从句
He made a promise.He didn’t keep it.
He made a promise,but He didn’t keep it.
Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.
Mary is opening the door,and John is greeting her guests.