耶鲁大学开放课程—哲学：死亡.14.Open.Yale.course—Philosophy：Death.DivX-YYeTs人人影视 [字幕转换助手

但我觉得
But it's possible, i suggested,
我们其实不应关注这个问题
that we really shouldn't focus on the question,
即如何才能活下来
what does it take for me to survive?
而应该关注
保持人格完全一样
that my personality stay identical.
我不必保持完全一样的
It's not that I have to keep all
信仰 愿望 和记忆
exactly the very same beliefs, desires, and memories.
But rather,
"我在乎的是什么
"what is it that I care about?
什么活下来才有意义"
What is it that matters in survival?"
因为从逻辑上讲
Because it's possible, logically speaking,
要注意一点 回想一下
To see that, recall the fact that
根据人格同一性的人格理论
according to the personality view, as a theory of personality identity,
是同一个人的关键不在于
the crucial point isn't
而是带有相同的人格活下来
but having the same personality?
那么
Would that--
假设人格同一性的人格理论是正确的
Suppose the personality view of personality identity was correct.
它能否让我们不仅活下来
但我们可以设想另一些情况 我活下来
But we can think of cases in which I would survive,
却失去了这些东西
but I don't have that extra thing,
我失去了所有对我重要的东西
and so I wouldn't have everything that matters to me.
当我思考这个案例的时候
And when I think about that case,
我想说
I find myself wanting to say,
"好吧 我能活下来 但那又怎样呢
"All right, I'll survive, but so what?
我不在乎
I don't care.
尽管灵魂仍然是你的灵魂
while nonetheless, it's still your soul continuing.
但这个灵魂
But the soul is going to then,
已经被完全删除干净
having been scrubbed clean,
获得全新人格
get a brand new personality.
about wanting to finish my book in philosophy
如此等等
and so forth.
我不断变老 越来越老
And I get older and older and older.
我有了些新记忆
And I get some new memories
因为这种情况下
It doesn't matter
活下来的人是不是我已经不重要了
that it's me, in that case.
因为我不仅希望活下来的人是我
Because I don't just want it to be me,
我还希望活下来的人是带有我人格的我"
I want to have there be somebody that's me with my personality."
有可能我活了下来
that there could be cases in which I survive,
却失去了我活着时通常拥有的东西
but I don't have what I normally have when I survive,
失去了对我重要的东西
and so I don't have what matters.
除了活下来 我还想要更多
What I want is survival plus something else.
为阐明这个问题 我要请大家思考一下
And I tried to motivate this question by having you think about
如果我们假设
有了一系列新记忆 新愿望和新信仰
A new set of memories, new set of desires, new set of beliefs.
无法恢复你以前的人格
No chance of recalling your previous,
或者说是你现在的人格
current, personality.
我们有了新的人格
And so then we get a new personality
你会说"瞧 这就是你
and you say, "Oh look, that's going to be you,
你的肉体 你的大脑 你还活着"
your body, your brain. You're still around."
isn't item-for-item the same personality,
而只需要是同一个不断演变的人格
but rather the same evolving personality.
我会有新信仰 新愿望 新目标
I gain new beliefs, new desires, new goals.
Would that then give us not just personal survival,
而且有意义地活下来
but what matters?
我想它已经很接近了 差点就可以了
I think that's close, but no cigar.
不过还不够完善
Not quite good enough.
慢慢演变的人格就行
with enough overlap.
好了 现在让我们考虑下面这种情况
Okay, so now let's consider the following case.
从我开始 我在这里
I start off. Here I am.
我有一些信念
I've got a set of beliefs,
而我会说"也许这是真的 但那又怎样
And I say, "It could be true, but so what?
这不是我想要的活下来
It doesn't give me what I want, when I want to survive.
我不仅希望活下来的人是我
What I want isn't just for it to be me.
在这种情况下
So as it were,
我们可以说
we might say,
仅仅是活下来或是肉体活下来
it might be that mere survival or bare bones survival
对我毫无意义
doesn't really give me what matters.
同样 假设我们认为肉体理论是正确的
Similarly, suppose we thought that the body view was the correct view
我们可以再设想一个完全失忆的例子
and we imagine, again, some sort of case of complete amnesia.
失去了当初想存活时我想要的那些东西
I don't have what I wanted, when I wanted to survive.
一般情况下 我活下来
It could be that in the typical cases of survival
能够继续拥有这些东西
I've got that extra thing.
在上节课结束的时候
At the end of last class,
我提出一个问题
I began to raise the question as to whether or not
那就是我们是否应该区分两个
we should distinguish two questions
我们经常混为一谈的问题
大约200岁的时候
Somewhere around 200,