东北师范大学学科教学(英语)英语教学专业基础2017考研真题
2017年东北师范大学考研教育学综合真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2017年东北师范大学考研（教育学综合）真题试卷(总分44, 做题时间90分钟)3. 简答题1.教育行动研究的步骤。
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 2答案:正确答案：教育行动研究是在教育情境中，研究人员和实际工作者结合起来解决某一实际问题或提高教师素质的一种方法，是通过研究真实的学校教育过程和情境，以提高自己的教育行动质量与教育行动效率为目的的研究模式。
目前影响较大的行动研究步骤和程序是由凯米斯提出来的，主要包括： (1)计划。
计划是指以大量事实和调查研究为前提，制订“总体计划”和每一步具体行动计划。
它包括发现问题、寻找方案、制订计划三个步骤。
(2)行动。
行动是指计划的实施，它是行动者有目的、负责任、按计划的行动过程。
(3)观察。
观察是指对行动的过程、结果、背景以及行动者的特点的考察。
观察是反思、修订计划和进行下一步的前提条件。
(4)反思。
反思是一个“螺旋圈”的终结，又是过渡到另一个“螺旋圈”的中介，目的在于寻找教师行动或实践的合理性。
这一环节包括：整理和描述、评价解释、写出研究报告。
2.简述时间取样法和事件取样法的优缺点，并自己选择一个问题设计一份观察记录表。
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 2答案:正确答案：(1)时间取样法。
优点：①方便易行，明确具体；②可以使研究者进行大样本研究，容易取得有代表性的样本；③既能进行定性分析，又能进行定量研究。
缺点：①很难记录行为发生的准确顺序；②对相关群体和个体差异的测量不准确。
(2)事件取样法。
优点：①省时简便；②收集到的资料比较全面，能了解行为产生的原因。
缺点：①可能会缺乏测量的稳定性；②记录时会中断行为的连续性；③偶尔发生的事件不适合使用事件取样法。
(3)观察记录表。
记一次20分钟的语文字词抄写作业：3.孔子德育观点及现实意义。
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 2正确答案：(1)德育内容：“仁”与“礼”。
“礼”为道德规范，“仁”是最高道德准则。
东北师范大学2006年英语专业基础试题
东北师范大学2006年英语专业基础试题东北师范大学2006年英语专业研究生入学考试英语专业基础试题Part One: Linguistics (50’)I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (5’)1. Of all the design features of the human language, displacement is the most important.2. [∫] is a palatal voiced fricative.3. By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.4. The pairs of words dead/alive, male/femal e are antonyms which are named contrary terms.5. Speech Act Theory was proposed by N. Chomsky.II. Decide from the pragmatic point of view what the speaker wants to convey in the italic part of the following utterances, and how come you have made such decisions? (5’)A: Do you like lobster?B: Is the Pope Catholic?III. Disambiguation with paraphrases. (10’)1. Terry loves his wife and so do I.2. We laughed at the colorful ball.3. I cannot recommend him too highly.4. They said she would go yesterday.IV. Explain the following terms briefly. (10’)1. register2. indirect speech act3. prototypes4. communicative competenceV. Discussion (20’)1. As we know, linguistics is related to language teaching. Discuss the contributions linguisticsmakes to foreign language teaching. Use examples to illustrate your points if necessary.2. Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?”Part Two: English and American Literature (60’)I. Explain the following literary terms. (20’)1. Sonnet2. Theatre of the absurd3. Local Colorism4. Harlem RenaissanceII. Answer the f ollowing questions briefly. (20’)1. What are Samuel Richardson’s contributions to the development of the English novel?2. What is Transcendentalism? Give a brief account of the significance of Transcendentalism inAmerican literature.III. Read the following literary works and answer the questions about them respectively. (20’)1. Read the following poem and explain what imagist poetic principles the poem has illustratedand how.In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.2. Read the following passage and answer the questions about it.It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms. These mothers, instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants: who as they grow up either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes.I think it is agreed by all parties that this prodigious number of children in the arms, oron the backs, or at the heels of their mothers, and frequently of their fathers, is in the present deplorable state of the kingdom a very great additional grievance; and, therefore, whoever could find out a fair, cheap, and easy method of making these children sound, useful members of the commonwealth, would deserve so well of the public as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation.(1) From which literary work is the passage taken?(2) Who is the author? Which town and which country is the author referring to in the firstsentence?(3) What suggestions does the author make in the work?(4) What is his real purpose in making such a suggestion?(5) How would you like to describe his tone?Part Three: Sur vey of UK and USA (15’)I. Correct the erroneous sentences below and write your corrected parts in your answer sheet. (6’)1. The US Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is the head of judges who is elected to administerthe law.2. Washington D.C. is situated on the Hudson River between two states of Maryland andVirginia.3. Cricket is considered as the most English of games, but it has been extensively adopted in theBritish Nations.4. The British spirit of “Do-It-Yourself” reflects many aspects of British life.5. Disneyland and Disney World mean the same amusement park in the same place in theUnited States of America.6. The Britons build Hadrian’s Wall from the Solway to the Tyne in order to keep back theWelsh in about 122 A.D.II. Compare the British economy with the American economy and write your comparison in your answer sheet. (3’) III. A nalyze “the members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are the real law-makers” and write your analysis in your answer sheet. (3’)IV. State “the System of Checks and Balances” and write your account in your answer sheet.(3’)Part Four: Translation (25’)I. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15’)Most people hold in their hearts a special dread of ahospitalized, medicalized death. Yet about half of all Americans die in hospitals, in a tangle of tubes, surrounded by anxiety-producing technology. They suffer alone in the glare of a comfortless ward, their last hours guided by the training and instincts of highly specialized strangers. No one seems to know when to finally give in to death’s certainty, and relentless procedures rob people of a death with comfort and dignity. Many of those who dread that kind of death think they’re doing something about it by signing living wills or otherwise making their wishes very explicit. But a larger-scale study of terminal patients by the Journal of the American Medical Association showed last week just how futile those efforts are. While patients say they want peace, comfort, the sanctity of home and freedom from pain in their last hours, shockingly few of them actually had their wishes honored.II. Translate the following passage into English. (10’)鄙人对自己译文从未满意，苦闷之处亦复与先生同感。
东北师范大学2006年英语专业基础试题
东北师范大学2006年英语专业研究生入学考试英语专业基础试题Part One: Linguistics (50’)I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (5’)1. Of all the design features of the human language, displacement is the most important.2. [∫] is a palatal voiced fricative.3. By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.4. The pairs of words dead/alive, male/femal e are antonyms which are named contrary terms.5. Speech Act Theory was proposed by N. Chomsky.II. Decide from the pragmatic point of view what the speaker wants to convey in the italic part of the following utterances, and how come you have made such decisions? (5’)A: Do you like lobster?B: Is the Pope Catholic?III. Disambiguation with paraphrases. (10’)1. Terry loves his wife and so do I.2. We laughed at the colorful ball.3. I cannot recommend him too highly.4. They said she would go yesterday.IV. Explain the following terms briefly. (10’)1. register2. indirect speech act3. prototypes4. communicative competenceV. Discussion (20’)1. As we know, linguistics is related to language teaching. Discuss the contributions linguisticsmakes to foreign language teaching. Use examples to illustrate your points if necessary.2. Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?”Part Two: English and American Literature (60’)I. Explain the following literary terms. (20’)1. Sonnet2. Theatre of the absurd3. Local Colorism4. Harlem RenaissanceII. Answer the following questions briefly. (20’)1. What are Samuel Richardson’s contributions to the development of the English novel?2. What is Transcendentalism? Give a brief account of the significance of Transcendentalism inAmerican literature.III. Read the following literary works and answer the questions about them respectively. (20’)1. Read the following poem and explain what imagist poetic principles the poem has illustratedand how.In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.2. Read the following passage and answer the questions about it.It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms. These mothers, instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants: who as they grow up either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes.I think it is agreed by all parties that this prodigious number of children in the arms, oron the backs, or at the heels of their mothers, and frequently of their fathers, is in the present deplorable state of the kingdom a very great additional grievance; and, therefore, whoever could find out a fair, cheap, and easy method of making these children sound, useful members of the commonwealth, would deserve so well of the public as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation.(1) From which literary work is the passage taken?(2) Who is the author? Which town and which country is the author referring to in the firstsentence?(3) What suggestions does the author make in the work?(4) What is his real purpose in making such a suggestion?(5) How would you like to describe his tone?Part Three: Survey of UK and USA (15’)I. Correct the erroneous sentences below and write your corrected parts in your answer sheet. (6’)1. The US Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is the head of judges who is elected to administerthe law.2. Washington D.C. is situated on the Hudson River between two states of Maryland andVirginia.3. Cricket is considered as the most English of games, but it has been extensively adopted in theBritish Nations.4. The British spirit of “Do-It-Yourself” reflects many aspects of British life.5. Disneyland and Disney World mean the same amusement park in the same place in theUnited States of America.6. The Britons build Hadrian’s Wall from the Solway to the Tyne in order to keep back theWelsh in about 122 A.D.II. Compare the British economy with the American economy and write your comparison in your answer sheet. (3’)III. A nalyze “the members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are the real law-makers” and write your analysis in your answer sheet. (3’)IV. State “the System of Checks and Balances” and write your account in your answer sheet.(3’)Part Four: Translation (25’)I. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15’)Most people hold in their hearts a special dread of a hospitalized, medicalized death. Yet about half of all Americans die in hospitals, in a tangle of tubes, surrounded by anxiety-producing technology. They suffer alone in the glare of a comfortless ward, their last hours guided by the training and instincts of highly specialized strangers. No one seems to know when to finally give in to death’s certainty, and relentless procedures rob people of a death with comfort and dignity. Many of those who dread that kind of death think they’re doing something about it by signing living wills or otherwise making their wishes very explicit. But a larger-scale study of terminal patients by the Journal of the American Medical Association showed last week just how futile those efforts are. While patients say they want peace, comfort, the sanctity of home and freedom from pain in their last hours, shockingly few of them actually had their wishes honored.II. Translate the following passage into English. (10’)鄙人对自己译文从未满意，苦闷之处亦复与先生同感。
2017考研英语(一)、英语(二)真题及答案(完整版).doc
江苏省南通中等专业学校质量年度报告（2017年）主管部门南通市教育局二〇一七年十二月三十一日江苏省南通中等专业学校文件通专发〔2017〕29号江苏省南通中等专业学校质量年度报告（2017）根据教育部《关于编制和发布2017年度中等职业学校质量报告的通知》（教职成司函〔2017〕99号）、江苏省教育厅《关于做好2017年度中等职业教育质量报告编制和发布工作的通知》（苏教职函﹝2017﹞9号）文件精神和南通市教育局有关要求，现发布《江苏省南通中等专业学校质量年度报告（2017年）》。
江苏省南通中等专业学校2017年12月31日目录一、学校情况 (1)1.学校概括 (1)2.学生情况 (2)3.教师队伍 (3)4.设施设备 (4)二、学生发展 (4)1.学生素质 (4)2.在校体验 (6)3.资助情况 (7)4.就业质量 (7)5.职业发展 (8)三、质量保障措施 (9)1.专业动态调整 (9)2.教育教学改革 (10)3.教师培养培训 (15)4.规范管理情况 (16)5.德育工作情况 (19)6.党建情况 (21)四、校企合作 (22)1.校企合作开展情况和效果 (22)2.学生实习情况 (24)3.集团化办学情况 (26)五、社会贡献 (26)1.技术技能人才培养 (26)2.社会服务 (27)3.对口支援 (28)六、举办者履职 (28)1.经费 (28)2.政策措施 (29)七、特色创新 (30)德育工作特色案例 (30)教学工作特色案例 (34)八、主要问题和改进措施 (36)江苏省南通中等专业学校质量年度报告（2017年）一、学校情况1.学校概况江苏省南通中等专业学校是一所全额拨款全日制中等职业学校。
2009年被确定为江苏省高水平示范性中等职业学校暨四星级中等职业学校。
2013年成为首批国家中等职业教育改革发展示范学校。
学校积极发挥后国示范建设效应，坚持以现代化学校建设为抓手，全面推进改革创新与转型升级，学校办学体制取得新突破，智慧校园建设上了新台阶，国际化合作办学规模有了新拓展，现代化建设水平与办学效益不断提升。
2017年首都师范大学876英语学科教学考研真题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2017年首都师范大学876英语学科教学考研真题(总分150, 做题时间180分钟)定义题请用英语解释下列名词。
(每题8分，共40分)1.first languageSSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 8答案:A first language, (also known as native language, or mother tongue or L1) is a language that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period. In some countries, the term native language or mother tongue refers to the language of one‘s ethnic group rather than one‘s first language. Children brought up sp eaking more than one language can have more than one native language, and be bilingual or multilingual.2.neurolinguisticsSSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 8答案:Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control **prehension, production, and acquisition of language. As an interdisciplinary field, neurolinguistics draws methods and theories from fields such as neuroscience, linguistics, cognitive science, communication disorders and neuropsychology. Much work in neurolinguistics is informed by models in psycholinguistics and theoretical linguistics, and is focused on investigating how the brain can implement the processes that theoretical and psycholinguistics propose are necessary in producing **prehending language. Neurolinguists study the physiological mechanisms by which the brain processes information related to language,and evaluatelinguistic and psycholinguistic theories, using aphasiology, brain imaging, electrophysiology, **puter modeling.3.top-down processingSSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 8答案:Top-down processing refers to the use of background information in pattern recognition. It always begins with a person‘s previous knowledge, and makes predictions due to this already acquired knowledge. We construct our perception of reality, and these perceptions are hypotheses or propositions based on past experiences and stored information. Given a paragraph written with difficult handwriting, it is easier to understand what the writer wants to convey if one reads the whole paragraph rather than reading the words in separate terms. The brain may be able to perceive and understand the gist of the paragraph due to the context supplied by the surrounding words.4.competition modelSSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 8答案:**petition model is a psycholinguistic theory of language acquisition and sentence processing, developed by Elizabeth Bates and Brian MacWhinney (1981). The model suggests that the meaning of language is interpreted by comparing a number of linguistic 'cues' (signaling specific functions) within a sentence, and that language is learned through **petition of basic cognitive mechanisms inside a rich linguistic environment. According to **petition model, competitive cognitive processes operate on a phylogenetic, ontogenetic, andsynchronic scale, allowing language acquisition to take place across a wide variety of chronological periods.5.language acquisition deviceSSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 8答案:The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is a hypothetical module of the human mind posited to account for children‘s innate predisposition for language acquisition. First proposed by Noam Chomsky in the1960s, the LAD concept is an instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce language. It is a component of the nativist theory of language. This theory asserts that humans are born with the instinct or ―innate facility‖ for acquiring language. The main argument in favor of the LAD is the argument from the poverty of the stimulus, which argues that unless children have significant innate knowledge of grammar they would be unable to learn language as quickly as they do, given that they never have access to negative evidence and rarely received direct instruction in theirfirst language.简答题请用英语回答下列问题。
2016年东北师范大学考研教育硕士(Ed.M)教育综合真题试卷(题后含答
2016年东北师范大学考研教育硕士（Ed.M）教育综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 简答题 2. 名词解释题 3. 论述题1．简述教学与教育、智育的关系。
正确答案：(1)教学与教育的关系教学与教育是部分与整体的关系。
①教育包括教学，教学是学校进行全面发展教育的一个基本途径。
除教学外，学校还通过课外活动、生产劳动、社会实践等途径向学生进行教育。
②教学工作是学校教育工作的一个组成部分，学校教育工作除教学外，还有其他工作，如德育工作、体育卫生工作、后勤工作等。
(2)教学与智育的关系①智育是指向受教育者传授系统的文化科学知识和技能，专门发展受教育者智力的教育活动。
教学是智育的主要途径，但不是唯一途径，智育也需要课外活动等途径才能全面实现。
②教学要完成智育任务，但智育却不是教学的唯一任务，教学也要完成德育、体育、美育、劳动技术教育的任务。
2．简述班级授课制的优缺点。
正确答案：班级授课制的优缺点包括以下几点：(1)班级授课制的优点①它大规模地面向全体学生进行教学。
一位教师能同时教许多学生，使全体学生共同前进。
②它能保证学习活动循序渐进，并使学生获得系统的科学知识，扎扎实实，有条不紊。
③它能保证教师发挥主导作用。
教学过程首先是教师系统讲授，在这个基础上教师直接指导学生学习的全过程。
④它把教学内容及活动加以有计划的安排，特别通过课的体系，分工合作，从而赢得教学的高速度。
⑤学生彼此之间由于共同目的和共同活动集结在一起，可以互相观摩、启发、切磋、砥砺。
⑥它在实现教学任务上比较全面，从而有利于学生多方面的发展。
它不仅能较全面地保证学生获得系统的知识、技能和技巧，同时也能保证对学生经常进行思想政治影响，启发学生的思维、想象能力以及学习热情等。
(2)班级授课制的缺点①学生的主体地位和独立性受到一定的限制，教学活动大多由教师直接做主。
②实践性不强，学生动手机会少。
③学生的探索性、创造性不易发挥，主要接受现成的知识成果。
2022年东北师范大学英语专业基础语言学考研真题和答案
2022年东北师范大学英语专业基础语言学考研真题和答案2022年东北师范大学外国语学院《英语专业基础（语言学）》考研全套内容简介•东北师范大学外国语学院《英语专业基础（语言学）》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）•全国名校英语语言学考研真题详解说明：本部分收录了本科目近年考研真题，并提供了答案及详解。
其中，部分考研真题提供了视频讲解，从考查知识点、试题难度、相关考点等方面进行全方位的讲解。
此外提供了相关院校考研真题，以供参考。
2．教材教辅•胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）笔记和考研真题详解•胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】说明：以上为本科目参考教材配套的辅导资料。
•试看部分内容第一部分考研真题精选一、填空题1. Ch o m s ky p ro po se s th at th e co u r se o f l an gu age a cquisition is determined by a(n) _____language faculty.（中山大学2018研）【答案】innate查看答案【解析】乔姆斯基认为语言习得的过程是由人的内在语言机制决定的。
2. _____ refers to the role language plays in communicati o n(e.g. to e x pre ss i de as, at ti tu de s) o r i n parti cu l a r social situations (e.g. Religious, legal).（北二外2016研）【答案】Fun ctio n查看答案【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。
功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。
3. Hum an langu age is arbi trary. Thi s re fe rs to the f actth at th e re i s no l o gi cal o r i n tri n si c con ne cti on be tween a particul ar so un d an d the _____i t i s asso ci ate d wi t h.（人大2007研）【答案】me aning查看答案【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
2017年东北师范大学考研教育硕士《教育综合》真题及答案
2017年东北师范大学考研教育硕士《教育综合》真题(总分1000, 考试时间90分钟)一、论述题1. 新一轮课程改革的目的。
答案:新课程改革的核心理念是"以人为本"和"以学生发展为本"。
新课程改革的目的包括：在课程目标上，改变传统的过于注重知识传授的倾向，强调形成积极主动的学习态度，使学生获得基础知识和基础技能的过程同时成为学会学习和形成正确价值观的过程。
在课程结构上，改变传统的过于注重学科本位、科目过多和缺乏整合的状况，体现课程的均衡性、综合性和选择性。
在课程内容上，改变传统课程内容"繁、难、偏、旧"和注重书本知识的现状，加强课程内容与学生生活、现代社会和现代技术发展的联系，关注学生的学习兴趣和经验，精选终生学习必备的基础知识和技能。
在课程实施上，改变传统教学强调接受学习、死记硬背和机械训练的状况，倡导学生主动参与、勤于动手，培养学生收集和处理信息的能力、获取新知识的能力、分析和解决问题的能力及交流与合作的能力。
在课程评价上，改变传统课程评价过于强调甄别与选拔的功能，发挥课程评价促进学生发展、教师发展和改进教学实践的功能。
课程评价要从终结性评价转变为与发展性评价、形成性评价相结合。
在课程管理上，改变传统课程管理权限过于集中的弊端，实行国家、地方和学校三级管理，增强课程对地方、学校及学生的适应性。
2. 教学中应处理好的几种关系。
答案:(1)间接经验与直接经验的关系。
①学生认识的主要任务是学习间接经验；②学习间接经验必须以学生个人的直接经验为基础；③防止忽视系统知识的传授或直接经验积累的偏向。
(2)掌握知识和发展智力的关系。
①智力的发展与知识的掌握二者相互依存、相互促进。
学生对知识的掌握依赖于他们智力的发展；②生动活泼地理解和创造性地运用知识才能有效地发展智力；③防止单纯抓知识教学或只注重智力发展的片面性。
(3)智力活动与非智力活动的关系。
[考研类试卷]2017年东北师范大学考研(教育学综合)真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2017年东北师范大学考研（教育学综合）真题试卷
一、简答题
1 教育行动研究的步骤。
2 简述时间取样法和事件取样法的优缺点，并自己选择一个问题设计一份观察记录表。
3 孔子德育观点及现实意义。
4 私学兴起的原因、特点及意义。
5 陈鹤琴“活教育”理论。
6 终身教育思潮。
二、名词解释
7 《中庸》
8 《教育漫话》
9 《国防教育法》
10 书院
11 有教无类
12 综合技术研究
13 美育
14 归因
15 最近发展区
三、论述题
16 论述1912一1913年的学制改革。
17 要素主义教育及其影响。
18 加涅的信息加工学习理论。
19 1978年以来对教育本质进行了许多研究，说说你对教育本质的看法。
20 “教育问题”和“教育方法”的关系。
21 用辩证唯物论的理论论述“人是环境与教育的产物”。
22 基础教育的价值及意义。
东北师范大学英语学习理论试题及答案
研究生课程进修班试卷封面姓名：单位：河南省周口市许湾中学专业：英语考试科目：英语学习理论考试分数：2013年 3 月 4 日东北师范大学研究生课程进修班考试试卷评分表英语学习理论考试卷ⅠMultiple Choice (30%)Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D.1.___A___2.____C__3.__B____4._D_____5._A_____6.__C____7.__B____8._A_____9.___D___ 10.___B___ 11._B_____ 12.__B____ 13._B_____ 14.__C____ 15.__C____1. Which of the following can be considered output of language?A. writingB. readingC. listeningD. understanding2. Acquisition generally meansA. the learning of a foreign language.B. the learning of rules consciously.C. a subconscious process of picking up language.D. a conscious process of picking up language.3. “His first language was Chinese.” What meaning does the statement convey?A. His first language is still Chinese now.B. He doesn’t use Chinese as the first language now.C. Chinese is a foreign language now.D. Chinese is his second language.4. Bilingualism meansA. the mother tongue is stronger than the second language.B. one language is stronger than the other.C. the speaker has two mother tongues in contradiction.D. the speaker speaks two languages proficiently.5. The literature on learning strategies in second language acquisition emerged fromA. a concern for identifying the characteristics of effective learners.B. a concern for identifying the characteristics of weak learners.C. a concern for identifying learner errors.D. a concern for identifying learner mistakes.6. The focus of Behavioristic view of learning isA. the cognitive theoryB. the functionalist theoryC. stimulus-response theoryD. the structuralist theory7. Early representatives carrying on research on learning s trategies do NOT includeA. RubinB. ChomskyC. NaimanD. Wong Fillmore8. Reflective learners tend to be more ________ about the ________ of theirperformance and more capable of sustained attention.A. concerned … quantityB. unaware … qualityC. doubtful … quantityD. anxious … quality9. What areas of SLA have been generally investigated?A. characteristics of learner languageB. learner external and internal mechanismsC. the language learnerD. all of the above10. Language transfer is generally understood as:A. impediments to second language acquisition.B. differences between the two languages in contact that interfere with learningC. patterns of the first language that are similar to the language being acquiredD. evidence that various aspects of the first language would be carried over to the L211. Errors reflectA. pressure and fatigueB. gaps in a learner’s knowledgeC. occasional lapses in performanceD. positive L1 transfer12. Metacognitive strategies involveA. direct manipulation of the learning materials.B. thinking about the learning process and monitoring of comprehension.C. note-taking.D. repetation.13. Tolerance of ambiguity concerns the degree to whichA. learners are cognitively unwilling to tolerate ideas and propositions that are contraryto their own belief system or structure of language.B. learners are cognitively willing to tolerate ideas and propositions that are contrary totheir own belief system or structure of language.C. learners are willing to accept ideas and propositions that are consistent with theirown belief system or structure of language.D. learners are unwilling to accept ideas and propositions that are consistent with theirown belief system or structure of language.14. Denotation refers toA. the implicated meaning of a word.B. the associations or social values suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.C. the reference of a word to an object, action, or event in the physical world.D. attitudes and emotions of a language user in choosing a word15. “C hinese was my first language, but it is now rather rusty.” What does the statementimply?A. Chinese is stronger now.B. Chinese is still my first lanuage.C. Chinese is not the stronger language now.D. Chinese is later acquired.ⅡTrue or False Statements (20%)Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for Trueand F for False.1. _T____2. __T___3. _F____4. _F____5. __F___6. __T__7. _F____8. __F___9. __F___ 10. __T___-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.Mistakes are occasional lapses in performance.2.Function planning refers to paying attention to specific aspects of a task.3.Field-independent learners tend to look at the whole of a learning task which contains manyitems.4.An impulsive learner is a person who tends to weigh all the considerations of the problem,work out all the loopholes, then makes more calculated decision.5.Metacognitive strategies are techniques about learning rather than learning strategiesthemselves.6.Age, intelligence and personality are all factors affecting language learning strategies.7.Syntactic knowledge and morphological knowledge are schematic know- ledge.8.Scanning is used to get a global impression of the content of a text.9.People with low tolerance of ambiguity can usually become successful language learners.10.Contextualization means placing a word or phrase in a meaningful language sequence.ⅢCloze (20%)Fill in the blanks with suitable words.1.Singular-plural2.form3._choice_4.tense5._Omit_6.Add_7._ order8.Incomplete9.Spelling10._Punctuation11.Capitalization 12.Article13._ Meaning 14.Run-on_15._absence_16.well-formed17._presence18._Misformations19.wrong_20._placement(2) Surface strategy taxonomy of errorsⅣTerms (20%)Explain the following terms. You may use examples where necessary.Language Learning StrategiesLanguage Learning Strategies are the conscious thoughts and behaviors used by learners with the explicit goal of improving their knowledge and understanding of a target language. They include strategies for identifying the material that needs to be learned, distinguishing it from other material if need be, grouping it for easier learning, having repeated contact with the material, and formally committing the material to memory when it does not seem to be acquired naturally. That is, they are cognitive strategies for memorizing and manipulating target language structures, metacognitive strategies for gauging their emotional reactions to learning and lower anxieties, and social strategies for enhancing learning.Tolerance of ambiguityTolerance of ambiguity allows a person to reconcile and accommodate ideas that may be contradictory or information that may be inconsistent. A person who is Tolerance of ambiguity does not see everything in terms of black and white and does not put information in airtight compartments. Such a person is willing to accept the fact that there are many shades of gray and that uncertainty and inconsistency must be accommodated. Tolerance of ambiguity has been noted as an asset in learning a foreign language because there are so many inconsistencies in language rules that even native speakers cannot always agree on correct usage and linguists cannot explain certain language phenomena. Also, whether a turn of speech is right or wrong may depend on the situation rather than on an ironclad rule.Denotation vs. ConnotationBoth denotation and connotation refer to the meanings of words. Denotation is the literal meaning of a word —what you find in a dictionary. Connotation, on the other hand, is the implied meaning of a word — what a word suggests to you, or what it makes you feel or think of. For the word “die”, for example, the denotation is “stop living”. But in the se ntence “Some die at 30 but are not buried until they’re 70”, the word “die” connotes “stop living spiritually” or “stop growing intellectually”.Acquisition vs. LearningThe term 'acquisition' is used to refer to picking up a second language through expos ure, whereas the term 'learning' is used to refer to the conscious study of a second language. However, I shall use 'acquisition' and 'learning' interchangeably, irrespective of whether conscious or subconscious processes are involved.To summarize, the term 'second language acquisition' refers to the subconscious or conscious processes by which a language other than the mother tongue is learned in a natural or a tutored setting. It covers the development of phonology, lexis, grammar, and pragmatic knowledge, but has been largely confined to morphosyntax. The process manifests both variable and invariable features. The study of SLA is directed at accounting for the learner's competence, but in order to do so has set out to investigate empirically how a learner performs when he or she uses a second language.ⅤQuestion (10%)Answer the following question in your own words.What is a “think aloud” and how is it used in strategy modeling? Supply examples from your own experiences.It asks students to say out loud what they are thinking about when reading, solving math problems, or simply responding to questions posed by teachers or other students. Effective teachers think out loud on a regular basis to model this process for students. In this way, they demonstrate practical ways of approaching difficult problems while bringing to the surface the complex thinking processes that underlie reading comprehension, mathematical problem solving, and other cognitively demanding tasks.Thinking out loud is an excellent way to teach how to estimate the number of pe ople in a crowd, revise a paper for a specific audience, predict the outcome of a scientific experiment, use a key to decipher a map, access prior knowledge before reading a new passage, monitor comprehension while reading a difficult textbook, and so on.e.g. I’ll ask my students to read a passage of text. I’ll introduce the task to students by saying, "I want you to think aloud as you complete the task: say everything that is going on in your mind." As students complete the task, listen carefully and write down what students say. It may be helpful to use a tape recorder. If students forget to think aloud, ask open-ended questions: "What are you thinking now?" and "Why do you think that?"After the think-alouds, informally interview students to clarify any confusion that might have arisen during the think-aloud. For example, "When you were thinking aloud, you said . . . Can you explain what you meant?"Lastly, use a rubric as an aid to analyze each student's think-aloud, and use the results to shape instruction.I think that getting students into the habit of thinking out loud enriches classroom discourse and gives teachers an important assessment and diagnostic tool.。
东北师范大学(2010-2017)考研真题
2017年东北师范大学333入学考试试题教育学原理一、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1.教育目的2.外铄论3.说服法4.学校管理二、简答题（每小题10分，共20分）1.结合各级《教师专业标准》谈教师的专业素养的基本内容。
2.简述新一轮课程改革的六大目标。
三、论述（20分）论述教学过程中应处理好几处关系。
中国教育史一、名词解释（每小题5分，共10分）1.《学记》2.书院二、简答题（每小题10分，共20分）1.陈鹤琴活教育课程理论的基本内容及现代价值。
2.韩愈的《师说》中的教师观和意义。
外国教育史一、名词解释（每小题5分，共10分）1.《毛雷尔法案》 /莫雷尔法案2.英国公学二、简答题（每小题10分，共20分）1.简述赫尔巴特四步教学。
2.简述裴斯泰洛齐的要素主义教育。
教育心理学一、简答题（每小题10分，共10分）1.举例说明学生的自我效能感受哪些因素影响二、论述题（20分）小欣遇到难题，数学老师不是直接给答案，而是通过一个个小问题的逐步引导，最终成功解答了。
联系维果斯基和布鲁纳的理论，分析数学老师的行为。
以及对今后教学中的启示。
2016年东北师范大学333入学考试试题教育学原理一、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1．学制2．培养目的3．道德教育4．教师二、简答题（每小题10分，共20分）1．简述教学与教育、智育的关系。
2．简述班级授课制的优缺点。
三、论述题（20分）试述学校教育对人的身心发展重大作用。
中国教育史一、简答题（每小题10分，共10分）1．简述中国古代蒙养教材及特点二、论述题（20分）试论蔡元培五育并举的教育方针及其现代意义。
外国教育史一、简答题（每小题10分，共10分）1．简述《国防教育法》的内容。
二、论述题（20分）试论卢梭自然主义思想观点及其现实意义。
教育心理学一、名词解释（每小题5分，共10分）1．精细加工策略2．同化二、论述题（20分）论述观察学习的过程及其在教育中的作用。
2015年东北师范大学333入学考试试题教育学原理一、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1．狭义教育2．隐性课程3．榜样示范法4．教学评价二、简答题（每小题10分，共20分）1．简述教师劳动的特点。
2017年考研英语一二真题及详细解析
绝密★启用前2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）（科目代码201）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生必须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2.考生须把试题册上的试卷条形码粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。
不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。
超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5.考试结束后，将答题卡和试题册按规定一并交回，不可带出考场。
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone”18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike[B] Besides[C] Despite[D] Throughout 2．[A] connected[B] restricted[C] equal[D] inferior 3．[A] choice[B] view[C] lesson[D] host 4．[A] recall[B] forget[C] avoid[D] keep 5．[A] collecting[B] involving[C] guiding[D] affecting 6．[A] of[B] in[C] at[D] on7．[A] devoted[B] exposed[C] lost[D] attracted 8．[A] across[B] along[C] down[D] out9．[A] calculated[B] denied[C] doubted[D] imagined 10．[A] served[B] required[C] restored[D] explained 11．[A] Even[B] Still[C] Rather[D] Thus 12．[A] defeats[B] symptoms[C] tests[D] errors 13．[A] minimized[B] highlighted[C] controlled[D] increased 14．[A] equipped[B] associated[C] presented[D] compared15．[A] assess[B] moderate[C] generate[D] record 16．[A] in the face of[B] in the form of[C] in the way of[D] in the name of 17．[A] transfer[B] commit[C] attribute[D] return 18．[A] because[B] unless[C] though[D] until 19．[A] emerges[B] vanishes[C] remains[D] decreases 20．[A] experiences[B] combines[C] justifies[D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, c ombined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’sO’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoidchecked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing sodirectly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to_____.[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airport[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA[C]An increase in the number of travellers[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks23. The word″expedited″(Liner 4,Para.5) is closet in meaning to____.[A] quieter [B] cheaper[C] wider [D] faster24. One problem with the PreCheck program is______.[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale[B]its wrongly-directed implementation[C] the government’s reluctance to back it[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment25. Which of the following would be the best for the text ?[A]Less Screening for More Safety[B]PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C]Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D]Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s r emark in Paragraph 1 indicates _____.[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to _____.[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because _____.[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 tha t progress in today’s astronomy _____.[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The au thor’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of_____.[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except t hat which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth intowell-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have contin ued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he _____.[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _____.[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that _____.[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public off icials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s so urce of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption an d official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court _____.[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves_____.[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are _____.[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to _____.[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is _____.[A] sarcastic. [B] tolerant. [C] skeptical. [D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic c onfidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 towork in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deep est secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pic kwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D →41. _____ → 42. _____ → 43. _____ → 44. _____ → B →45. _____ Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our othereducation related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own nam e at the end of the email . Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points )英语一参考答案Section ⅠUse of English1-5.BADCB 6-10.DBCAD 11-15.ABDBC 16-20.ACACDSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21.A 22.C 23.D 24.D 25.CText 2 26.B 27.A 28.B 29.C 30.BText 3 31.D 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.AText 4 36.C 37.C 38.A 39.B 40.DPart B41.F 42.E 43.A 44.C 45.GSection III Translation46.尽管英语的使用者人数进一步增多，但有迹象表明：在不久的将来，英语语言的全球主导地位会逐渐消失。
2017年考研英语一试卷真题(后附答案详解).doc
2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be aresounding"yes!"_____（1）helping you feel close and_____（2）to people youcare about,it turns out that hugs can bring a_____（3）of health benefits to your bodyand mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you_____（4）gettingsick this winter.In a recent study_____（5）over 400 healthy adults,researchers from CarnegieMellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social supportand the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing thecommon cold after being_____（7）to the virus.People who perceived greater socialsupport were less likely to come_____（8）with a cold,and the researchers_____（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect._____（11）among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greatersocial support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the_____（13）risk forcolds that's usually_____（14）with stress,"notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor ofpsychology at Carnegie,Hugging"is a marker of intimacy and help_____（15）thefeeling that others are there to help_____（16）difficulty."Some experts_____（17）the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of huggingto the release of oxytocin,often called"the bonding hormone"_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newbornbabies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of itis released into the bloodstream.But some of it_____（19）in the brain,whereit_____（20）mood,behavior and physiology.1.A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite2.A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior3.A．view B．Host C．lesson D．choice4.A．avoid B．forget C．recall D．keep5.A．collecting B．affecting C．guiding D．involving6.A．on B．in C．at D．of7.A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed8.A．along B．across C．down D．out9.A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated10.A．served B．Restored C．explained D．required11.A．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even12.A．defeats B．symptoms C．errors D．tests13.A．Highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized14.A．Presented B．equipped C．associated D．compared15.A．assess B．Generate C．moderate D．recordB．in the form of C．in the face of D．in the way of16.A．in the nameof17.A．attribute B．commit C．transfer D．return18.A．unless B．because C．though D．until19.A．remains B．emerges C．vanishes D．decreases20.A．experiences B．combines C．justifies D．influencesSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1First two hours,now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities arerecommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some majorU.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return forincreased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downedover the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real —past airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is stickershock:Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S.airports.[D]emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C]An increase in the number of travellers.[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word“expedited”(Liner 4,Para.5)is closet in meaning to[A]quieter.[B]cheaper.[C]wider.[D]faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is[A]a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B]its wrongly-directed implementation.[C]the government’s reluctance to back it.[D]an unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Less Screening for More Safety[B]PreCheck–a Belated Solution[C]Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D]Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote QueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii's last reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerfultelescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands'inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A]her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D]her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A]its geographical features.[B]its protective surroundings.[C]its religious implications.[D]its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C]their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A]is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians’hostility.30.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A]severe criticism.[B]passive acceptance.[C]slight hesitancy.[D]full approval.Text 3Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures“everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote forBrexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated intomeaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success,the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes–all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK lesson[B]GDP figures,a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Robert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit,the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his“official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on“specific”and“unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful”and“nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an“official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery.“The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,“assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts,to ensure equality of access to government.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying,and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption.But it is not always corruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards,or different types of access for average people and the wealthy.If connections can be bought,a basic premise of democratic society–that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined.Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence(Para.1)most probably shows that the court[A]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37.According to Paragraph 4,an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]concrete returns for gift-givers.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]leaking secrets intentionally.[D]breaking contracts officially.38.The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are[A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]guarantee fair play in official access.[C]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D]inspire hopes in average people.40.The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）[A]The first published sketch,"A Dinner at Polar Walk"brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches,which appeared under the pen name"Boz" in The Evening Chronicle,earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers,as it is generally known today,secured Dickens's fame.There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars,and the plump,spectacled hero,Samuel Pickwick,because a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared,a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments,as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour,who had originated the idea for the story.With characteristic confidence,Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead.After the first installment,Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt,was not faithful enough to his prose.Seymour made the change,went into his backyard,and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide.Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.The comic novel,The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club,appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and,to many people,the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.A moralist,satirist,and social reformer,Dickenscrafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison,Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices.He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament.At the same time,Dickens,who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him,especially anything comic or odd,submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth,on England's southern coast.His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office--a respectable position,but with little social status.His paternal grandparents,a steward and a housekeeper,possessed even less status,having been servants,and Dickens later concealed their background.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family.Yet two years before Dicken's birth,his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe,never to return.The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse,a shoe-polish factory,where the other working boys mocked him as"the young gentleman."His father was then imprisoned for debt.The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife,although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick,Dickens plunged into a bleaker world.In Oliver Twist,he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums ofLondon.Nicholas Nickleby,his next novel,combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick.The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for severaldecades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol. (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages. If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.SectionⅣWriting51 directionsYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city.Please give reasons foryour recommendation.You should write neatly on the answer sheet.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address。
2017年东北师范大学学科教学化学（专硕）考研真题回忆版
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2.学校管理 ㈡简答 1.现代课程改革的六大目标 2.如何正确处理好教学中的关系 3.现代教学中教师应该具备的素养
外国教育史： ㈠名词解释 1.英国公学 2.《毛雷尔法案》 ㈡简答 1.要素主义教育思想的内容
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教育综合 333 教育心理学： 1.材料中数学老师的做法是否符合维果斯基和布鲁纳的理论，对我们 的教学有什么启示。 2.是一道简答，忘了。
中国教育史： ㈠名词解释 1.外铄论 2.《学记》 3.书院 ㈡简答 1.韩愈《师说》中的教学观 2.陈鹤琴的活教育理论思想的内容
大学英语（一）高起专答案2017级东北师范大学成人教育
大学英语（一）高起专答案2017级东北师范大学成人教育期末作业考核《大学英语（一）》高起专满分：100分一、Vocabulary and Structure (每题2分，共50分)Section ADirections: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence, Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. Courses are not ___ _ merely for students to pass exams.A. designedB. designingC. designD. designs2. Please ___ _those details that you would like to change.A. selectB. selectionC. selectingD. selects3. There are six people present at the meeting, __ __ three women.A. includeB. includingC. includedD. includes4. He __ ___ told her that he worked for the corporation.A. simpleB. simplyC. simplifyD. simplely5. They accept what is happening without ____ _ to change it.A. attemptingB. attemptedC. attemptD. attempts6.He was a great _ ___; he composed many great songs.A. artB. artisticC. artistD. arts7. Sandy did not want her parents to learn ____ the news of her failure in the exam.A. inB. forC. onD. about8. I was surprised to find out that I was heavily ____ debt.A. onB. inC. toD. up9. Out classroom is selected ______ the place for meeting.A. forB. inC. asD. on10. Their innovation products caught _____ quickly.A. withB. upC. onD. in11. Can you believe that John keeps a snake _____ a pet?A. asB. inC. forD. against12. The word comes _____ an African language.A. upB. downC. fromD. out13. She hangs _____ all here clothes neatly in the wardrobe.A. upB. outC. inD. on14. The child has no understanding of problems, according ____ the doctor.A. forB. inC. onD. to15. Americans _____ millions of Christmas cards every year.A. changeB. exchangeC. attemptD. determineSection BDirection: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. You should choose the One answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.In the past, American families 16 to be quite large. Parents 17 five or more were common. Over the years, the 18 of the family has decreased. One reason for this is an increase in the 19 of living 20 the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them 21 dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better 22 and have more money to spend on 23 . The parents usually take the responsibility 24 all the expense. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers 25 away from home.16. A. tended B. wanted C. seemed D. extended17. A. breeding B. raising C. feeding D. bringing18. A. amount B. number C. size D. scale19. A. level B. standard C. wage D. cost20. A. On B. By C. At D. From21. A. finally B. financially C. fashionably D. faintly22. A. worn B. wearing C. dressing D. dressed23. A. luxury B. activity C. playing D. entertainment24. A. at B. to C. on D. for25. A. are B. run C. work D. separate二、Writing （共50 分）根据所给主题句，完成下列作文。
东北师范大学(2014-2017)考研真题
2017 年东北师范大学 教育学综合试题
教育学原理 一、名词解释（ 20 分） 1. 有教无类 2. 美育 3. 综合技术教育 4. 教育先行 二、简答（ 40 分） 1. 全面发展的内涵及其制约因素。 2. 列出 5 本能反映中国教育学学科发展水平的著作及其作者。 3. 运用辩证唯物法分析“人是环境和教育的产物” 。 4. 教师主导作用与学生主体的关系。 三、论述（ 60 分） 1. 列出目前我国教育发展中存在的突出问题 2 例，并就其中一例进行说明及其解决措 施。 2. 论述基础教育奠基性价值及实现。 3. 结合我国 1978 年以来教育改革，谈谈你对教育本质的认识。
教育原理部分 一、概念题（每小题 10 分，两小题，共 20 分） 1. 教育的正向与负向功能 2. 综合课程 二、简答题（每小题 20 分，两小题，共 40 分） 1. 试述现代教育制度改革的趋势。 2. 简述掌握知识与提高能力之间的关系。 三、论述题（每小题 30 分， 1 小题，共 30 分） 1. 《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（ 2010-2020）》（以下简称《纲要》）中涉及到 许多民众关心的教育热点和难点问题，请以你感兴趣的两个教育问题为例，阐述自己对 《纲要》精神的理解。 四、材料分析题（每小题 30 分， 1 小题，共 30 分） 1. 怀特认为，教育应该增进受教育者的幸福，这种观点可能比教育该以追求知识本身为 目的的观点更有市场，大多人认为教育应该主要考虑学生的利益。你怎样看待这一观点？ 这种观点对基础教育改革有什么意义？
中外教育史部分 名词解释：生活教育（ 10 分） 名词解释：苏格拉底法（ 10 分） 简答题：简述斯宾塞的科学教育思想（ 20 分） 简答题：简述学记的教学思想以及历史地位（ 20 分） 论述题：论述我国近现代三个学制的特点及意义（ 30 分） 论述题：简述杜威的实用主义教育思想以及对我国教育的影响。