专业英语
专业英语基础知识
1.广泛使用被动语态 (客观性)
非人称语气
主体是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作的发出者，把论证 说明的对象置于句子主语的位置，既能突出中心，又能吸引读 者的注意。 Solid materials are grouped into three basic classifications: metals, ceramics and polymers. 固体材料可分为三种基本类型：金属、陶瓷和聚合物。 The structure of a material can be investigated on several levels. 材料的结构可以在几个层次上进行研究
精练性(conciseness)。
论文、综述、实验报告、教材、专利、说明书等
专业英语
Specialized English
（English for Special Science and Technology）
是结合各自专业的科技英语
有很强的专业性，涉及的面更加狭窄，
与专业内容配合更为密切。 隶属于科技英语 是科技英语的一部分，以表达科技概念、理论与
3、后置形容词短语作定语多 （精炼）
代替定语从句作后置定语，使句子简洁、紧凑，不至于累赘。 All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics, which are analogous to those of waves moving through water. All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics analogous to those of waves moving through water. 所有的辐射能都具有波的特性，与水中移动的波的特征相似。
专业英语——精选推荐
专业英语⼀、词语搭配1、polysome (g)RNA and ribosomes2、pinocytosis (n)cell drinking3、exocytosis (k)expel4、plastid (i)in plants only5、Golgi complex (o)packaging6、flagella (m)whiplike7、phagocytosis (f)engulfment 8、lysosome (b)baglike structure 9、basal body (d)where flagella grow 10、vacuole(l)vacant11、nucleus (j)control room12、chemotactic (e)toward or away from a chemical stimulus13、ribosome (a)protein synthesis 14、cytoskeleton (h)weblike15、mitochondrion (c)power generator 16、C3 plant (e)moist climates 17、pigment (n)absorbs 18、light reactions (g)water oxidized 19、thylakoid (a)surrounds a lumen 20、ground state (o)most stable21、reaction center (j)a specific site22、photorespiration (l)inefficient dark reaction23、RuBP (d)electron acceptor for CO224、Calvin-Benson cycle (c)light-independent reactions25、C4 plant (m)dry climates 26、photon (h)wave and particle 27、chlorophyll (b)principal pigment 28、chloroplast (k) banana shape29、carbon cycle (i) greenhouse effect30、light-independent reactions (f)light optional⼆、判断1、F Unlike other cell membranes, the nuclear envelope has no pores.2、T Most cellular proteins are manufactured on ribosomes.3、T White blood cells work by phagocytosis.4、F Prokaryotic cells have microbodies.5、T Mitochondria are self-replicating.6、F Carotenoids are colorless molecules.7、F Grana are surrounded by stomata.8、F Photosynthesis occurs in all living thing.9、T Photon energy is inversely proportional to wavelength.10、F The reaction center in photosystem II is P70011、F Chlorophyll b is not found in any prokaryote.12、T Cyclic photophosphorylation produces additional ATP in plants.13、F The chemiosmotic theory applies to mitochondria but not to chloroplasts.14、T Light-dependent reactions take place in the chloroplast stroma.15、T The Calvin-Benson cycle may take place either in light or in the dark.16、T Light-independent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane.17、T C3 plants grow slowly in hot, dry weather.18、T Chlorophyll a is the primary photosynthetic pigment in green plants.三、多选⼀1、Ribosomes (a)a、are organelles involved in protein synthesis2、Transformation of energy and storage of energy in the cell are the mainfunction of (d)d、mitochondria3、Chromoplasts are a type of (d)d、plastid4、Each individual cell is supported by a network of filaments and tubules known as (d)d、a cytoskeleton5、Proteins synthesized on endoplasmic reticulum are modified (c)c、in the Golgi complex6、An organelle isolated from an animal cell is found to contain large number of enzymes involved in energy transformation. This organelle is most likely to be (c)c、a mitochondrion7、In the early 1900s the discovery that the nucleus contains nucleic acids and proteins led many scientists to believe that(d)d、genes are made of protein8、In the DNA molecule (e)e、all of the above9、The double helix model of DNA structure was proposed by (b)b、Watson and Tatum10、The phosphate group in the DNA molecule (b)b、links the 5-C sugar of one nucleotide to the 3-C sugar of the next nucleotide11、DNA replication is termed semiconservative because (d)d、each new molecule has one strand from the original molecule12、Energy to power the sperm flagellum is generated by (a)a、mitochondria13、Meiosis is completed in egg cells (e)e、the egg,s time of release14、Spontaneous development of an unfertilized egg is known as (d)d、parthenogenesis15、The end product of cleavage is a (c)c、blastula16、A cell that can only give rise to cells with a specific function is（b）b、differentiated17、Morphogenesis involves a change in (c)c、cell shape四、阅读理解1、What does the passage mainly discuss?B、Why birds migrate2、According to the passage, which of the following protects birds against cold weather?C、Feathers3、In paragraph one, the word “constant” is closest in meaning to which of the following?B、Invariable4、In paragraph two, the author mentions young arctic terns as an example of birds thatB、migrate instinctively5、The passage mentions all of the following as changes that birds exposed to longer periods of darkness experience EXEPTD、increased appetite6、In the experiment mentioned in the passage, the scientists adjusted the birds,C、exposure to light五、英译汉1、If you were asked to summarize your paper in one sentence,what would you say?译：如果让你⽤⼀句话对你的⽂章进⾏总结，你会怎么说？2：Focusing on your central message.译：聚焦于你的中⼼思想。
专业英语
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e.g. stem cells[major mesh] AND regeneration
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e.g. Alexander CM[author] AND stem cells AND harvard university Jin YQ[author] AND shanghai jiao tong university
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句法特点
a. 大量使用名词化结构 名词化过程主要是把表达“ 过程”的动词或说明某一事件的小句 加以“物化”， 从而浓缩成动词性名词。如：make decision， decision-making 名词化词组由于失去了动作的参 与者或发出者，在描述事件或说 明事物时显得更为 客观；因此，名词化是科技英语最重要的特征之一。 eg， If you expose the item for long, it will quickly deteriorate. Prolonged exposure will result in quick deterioration of item.
叮当
金币
PMID——摘要“身份证”号码的使用
给国外教授写信索取文献
常用国内外搜索引擎列表
Google Yahoo! AllTheWeb AltaVista Open Directory MSN Search About Ask Jeeves WiseNut HotBot LookSmart Teom 网易搜索 新浪搜索
专业英语
1.Basically all power is with the people.归根结底，一切力量属于人民。
2. The works of these watches and clocks are all home-produced.这些钟表的零件都是国产的。
3. In the workshop the electric lamp is burning brightly just now .此刻车间里正灯火通明。
4. This mine is no longer being worked.这座矿上不再开采了。
5. The major contributions in component technology have been in the semiconductor components. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。
6.antilinear thousand-fold ultra-microscope twist drill I-steel非线性的千倍超显微镜麻花钻工字钢1. Rockets have found applications for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用于探索宇宙。
2. No one has ever seen a single atom or molecule even with the most powerful microscope.即使用最大倍率的显微镜，也从来没有人见过一个单一的原子或分子。
3. Are they through with the assembling of the generator?他们完成了发电机的组装吗？4. We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.我们发现解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。
5. This waveguide tube is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.这种波导管的主要特点是结构简单。
大学生专业英语词汇总结
大学生专业英语词汇总结随着全球化时代的到来，跨国公司、国际组织以及各种国际活动的频繁出现，英语作为国际交流的基本语言，成为了每一个大学生必备的技能之一。
作为大学英语的学习者，熟练掌握专业英语词汇不仅是提升英语水平的必要条件，也是迈向专业领域的重要基础。
下面是本文为大家总结的大学生专业英语词汇：一、商务英语1. revenue –收入\n2. profit –利润\n3. sales –销售额\n4. market –市场\n5. brand –品牌\n6. strategy –策略\n7. investment –投资\n8. competition –竞争\n9. target market –目标市场\n10. advertising –广告二、计算机科学1. algorithm –算法\n2. database –数据库\n3. programming –编程\n4. software –软件\n5. hardware –硬件\n6. network –网络\n7. code –代码\n8. operating system –操作系统\n9. debugging –调试\n10. user interface –用户界面三、金融学1. interest rate –利率\n2. stock –股票\n3. bond –债券\n4. investment –投资\n5. risk –风险\n6. liquidity –流动性\n7. asset –资产\n8. liability –负债\n9. hedge fund –对冲基金\n10. derivatives –衍生品四、法律1. contract –合同\n2. litigation –诉讼\n3. liability –责任\n4. precedent –先例\n5. intellectual property –知识产权\n6. arbitration –仲裁\n7. legal system –法律体系\n8. judgment –判决\n9. plaintiff –原告\n10. defendant –被告五、医学1. diagnosis –诊断\n2. treatment –治疗\n3. surgery –手术\n4. medication –药物\n5. patient –病人\n6. symptom –症状\n7. disease –疾病\n8. surgery –外科学\n9. anatomy –解剖学\n10. physiology –生理学六、教育学1. curriculum –课程\n2. pedagogy –教学法\n3. assessment –评估\n4. classroom management –课堂管理\n5. educational psychology –教育心理学\n6. learning outcomes –学习成果\n7. special education –特殊教育\n8. differentiated instruction –差异化教学\n9. educational research –教育研究\n10. teaching strategies –教学策略七、国际关系1. sovereignty –主权\n2. diplomacy –外交\n3. globalization –全球化\n4. non-governmental organization (NGO) –非政府组织\n5. international law –国际法\n6. foreign policy –外交政策\n7. human rights –人权\n8. conflict resolution –冲突解决\n9. international trade –国际贸易\n10. international governance –国际治理八、建筑设计1. blueprint –蓝图\n2. architecture –建筑学\n3. building materials –建筑材料\n4. interior design –室内设计\n5.construction –建筑工程\n6. sustainable design –可持续设计\n7. building code –建筑规范\n8. structural engineering –结构工程\n9. landscape architecture –景观设计\n10. urban planning –城市规划以上是本文总结的大学生专业英语词汇，涵盖了商务、计算机科学、金融学、法律、医学、教育学、国际关系、建筑设计等多个专业领域。
专业英语全文
Unit 1 BAUHAUSTo be a real veteran, start from the history of industrial design, and get ready to shou off at any time! 学说两句设计史话，立刻成为设计行家HistoryThe Bauhaus was founded in 1919 by an architect which sought to integrate art and economics, and to add an element of engineering to art. The Werkbund (德）工作联盟movement was unable to achieve this integration, but the founding of the Bauhaus saw the solution that had previously been overlooked. The Bauhaus was founded by the combining of the Weimar Art Academy（魏玛艺术学院）, and the Weimar Arts and Crafts School（魏玛工艺学校）. Students at this new school were trained by both an artist and a master craftsman, realizing the desires of Gropius to make "modern artists familiar with science and economics, that began to unite creative imagination with a practical knowledge of craftsmanship, and thus to develop a new sense of functional design." IdeologiesThe school had three aims at its inception that stayed basically the same throughout the life of the Bauhaus even though the direction of the school changed significantly and repeatedly. The first aim of the school was to "rescue all of the arts from the isolation in which each then found itself," to encourage the individual artisans and craftsmen to work cooperatively and combine all of their skills. Secondly, the school set out to elevate the status of crafts, chairs, lamps, teapots, etc., to the same level enjoyed by fine arts, painting, sculpting, etc.. The third aim was to maintain contact with the leaders of industry and craft in an attempt to eventually gain independence from government support by selling designs to industry.With these at its basis the Bauhaus began and influenced our lives immensely in ways that most people probably take for granted.Innovations and AchievementsSince the school tried to combine art with engineering and craftsmanship, innovation ran rampant through the Bauhaus resulting in a multitude of advances affecting the most basic aspects of life."Everyone sitting on a chair with a tubular steel frame, using an adjustable reading lamp, or living in a house partly or entirely constructed from prefabricated elements is benefiting from a revolution in design largely brought about by the Bauhaus; The practical innovations developed by the Bauhaus have profoundly effected designs favoured by industry as shown by the desks and chairs that fill offices, lobbies, and lounges across America, not to mention the portable classrooms that seem to be favoured today, delivered on trucks, propped up and bolted together and filled with those ubiquitous tubular steel and plastic chairs. The effects of the Bauhaus stretches beyond our furniture and light fixtures, into the realms of architecture, theater, and typography. where the designs and style of the Bauhaus are still spoken of today./~gflores/bauhaus/history.html2ICSID国际工业设计师联合会What is Industrial Design?Industrial Design is concerned with all the human aspects ofmachine-made products and their relationship to people and the environment. The designer is responsible for these products and their impact on society and nature. The designer accounts for the product's human factors engineering, safety, form, color, maintenance and cost. Industrial design deals with consumer products as well as industrial products. In order to achieve these ends, designers must be involved in four major design and research activities: human behavior, the human-machine interface, the environment, and the product itself. 为了达到这些目的，设计师必须投入到以下四项有关设计和研究的活动中去：人类行为学，人机界面学，环境学，以及产品本身的研究。
常用专业英语词汇集锦
2
5W37 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
A/I ABB ABC ABM AI APP APQP APS AQL ASP ASSY ATE ATP AVL B/I
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
液晶顯示器 逐批訂購法 後進先出 長期供貨合約 最小總成本法 最小單位成本 主要 主要缺點 目標管理 材料不良報告 機械工程 製造執行系統 製造部(業) 次要 次要缺點 資訊中心 製造通知 作業指導書 量產 主要生產計劃 材料審查委員會 製造資源計劃 “材料安全數據表”，是一份危险物质的 详细的安全数据说明书，主要内容包 括危险物质的理化参数，危险特性， 毒性参数，接触限制，健康和环境危 害，安全运输、贮存和使用注意事 项，泄漏应急处置，急救措施以及有 关的法律法规等方面的信息。其主要 作用是使用户明了危险物质的有关危 害，在运输、储存、使用、处置的过 程中能主动进行防护，从而减少职业 危害、预防危害事故发生并减少对环 境的负面影响。 平均失效時間 生產驗證測試 更改預估量的通知 作業指導書 過電流保護 原始設計生產 原始配備生產 線上分析處理
物料清單 企業流程再造 平衡績分卡 計劃生產 訂單生產 製程準確度 電腦輔助設計/製造 儀器校驗 (儀校) 改善對策報告 客戶抱怨/要求 索取費用 無法複製,異常現象消失 製程精密度 每一百萬個使用者會有幾次抱怨 嚴重缺點(CR>MA>MI) 客戶關係管理 產能需求規劃 客戶服務 限制驅導式排程法 文件控制中心 (會計) 帳目通知
六. Abbreviation No. 1 簡稱 5M1E 英文 人（Men）、機器（Machine）、材料 （Material）、方法（Method）、環境 （Environment）和測量（Measurement） 1.What發生什麼事情。 2.When何時發生。 3.Who與何對象有關（人、事、物）。 4.Where在何處發生。 5.why為什麼。 6.How many發生的次數或數量。 7.How much損失多大。 8.How如何。 1D選定主題：問題發掘，選定我們要解決的 問題。 2D問題描述：一般運用圖表或資料來描述問 題發生的現象。 3D臨時對策：擬定在製品/庫存品的處理方 案，以防問題擴散。 4D原因分析：分析和檢討問題發生的根源。 5D改善對策：針對問題擬定改善措施，確立 責任人和完成時間。 6D效果驗證：對策實施時間及有效性的確認 和驗證。 7D長久對策：對策驗證有效後的水準展開， 進行系統面的標準化改進。 8D品保確認：品保對標準化效果進行確認結 案，並對成果進行總結和報告。 Auto Insertion Activity-Based Budgeting Activity-Based Costing Activity-Base Management auto insertion Aggregated Production Planning Advanced Product Quality Planning Advanced Planning and Scheduling Acceptable Quality Level Application Service Provider Assemble(Assembly) Automatic Test Available To Promise Approved Vendor List Burn-In 自動插件 實施作業制預算制度 作業制成本制度 作業制成本管理 自動插件 生產計劃大綱 前期產品品質規劃 先進規畫與排程系統 允收品質水準 應用程式服務供應商 組裝線 自動測試(在線測試) 可承諾量 合格供應商名冊 高溫熱機(老化)過程 中文名稱
专业英语打印版
词语翻译早期强度：early strength引气剂：air entraining agent球磨机: ball mill回转窑:rotary kiln水泥熟料：cement clinker固溶体：solid solution晶体缺陷：crystal imperfection闪凝：flash set扫描电子显微镜：Scanning Electron Microscope诱导期：dormant(induction) period 渗透压：osmotic pressure初凝：initial set终凝：final set 硅酸三钙：tricalcium silicate 硅酸二钙：dicalcium silicate硬化混凝土：hardened concrete新拌混凝土：fresh concrete干缩：drying shrinkage弹性模量：elastic modulus塑性阶段：plastic state素混凝土：plain concrete钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete自平衡系统：self-equilibrating system先张法：pre-tensioning method后张法：post-tensioning method高性能混凝土：High Performance Concrete水泥石：hardened cement paste硅灰：silica fume标准偏差：standard deviation高效减水剂：high range water reducing admixtures空间位阻：steric hindrance 缓凝剂：Set retarding chemical admixtures英译汉（1）The salient point demonstrated by this table is the comparatively large variation in compound composition that can apply even with a very small variation in the chemical analysis of the raw materials .译：这个表格所突显的观点是只要原料的化学组成发生微小变化就可以导致化合物组成发生相当大的变化。
专业英语
1. The system's characteristic equation can be used to determine _____ of a linear time-invariant systemA、 the stabilityB、magnitude of the steady-state errorC、 the controllabilityD、 the observability正确答案:A2. In a coal-fired power plant, an electrostatic precipitator is used to remove_____ from the combustion gasesA、 solid particleB、COC. water vapour正确答案:A3. An expansion slot is a long, narrow socket on the motherboard into which you can plug _____A、 an expansion cardB. a modemc. a network cardD. a sound card正确答案:A4 Resistors are _____elementsA、 passiveB. activeC、 independent sourcesD、dependent sources正确答案:A5. The algebraic sum of all voltages around a loop is_____A、zeroB. indefinite valueC. sum of voltage risesD、sum of voltage drops正确答案:A6、ON-OFF information can be represented by_____ signalA、 a digitalB、 an analogC、a discreteD. a control正确答案:A7, The transformer is a straightforward application of Faraday's_____ LawA、OhmsB. Electromagnetic InductionC. Kirchhoff’s currentD、 Kirchhoff’s voltage正确答案:B8、 A computer printer is_____ device that produces computer-generated text or graphical images on paperA、 an inputB、 an outputC、 a storageD、 a data processing正确答案:B9. A computer's microprocessor only understands_____ in binary form。
《专业英语》试卷及答案
《专业英语》（课程代码：00196）Ⅰ Vocabulary (40 points)(1)Translate the following words and expressions intoChinese.at stake _______________ tracing paper ________________ pay to use _____________ artifact __________________ anonymous designer ______________ flip chart________________polypropylene _________________visual identity __________________geometric form______________ diversification _____________ (2) Translate the following words and expressions into English.企业形象识别设计 ________________机器美学____________________形式追随功能___________________插图画家 __________________设计调查 ____________________创造性思维 __________________功能分析 ____________________金属材料 ___________________批量生产 ____________________理性与功能的完美结合 __________________________________Ⅱ Comprehension (20 points)(1) Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. (10 points)consistent view effort teammate media emotion effort trivial relationship PersonalityDesign patterns and modular components are effective techniques for designing and building long-lasting,______________ experiences. You may reach the point where you ask yourself “Is it time to build a library for our team?”Many teams have realized incredible efficiencies, savings, and better design through design libraries and related standards. However, building a library isn’t _____________.It takes time and _____________to get off the ground, can trigger significant and uncomfortable organizational change, and comes with an ongoing maintenance cost. In some cases, libraries are not the answer and yes, sometimes libraries fail. Nobody wants to invest the time, _____________, and personal capital only to have nothing to show for it.Therefore, precede any kind of library build out with a period of discernment. Before you dive, ask yourself and your______________ the following eight questions to gauge whethera library is right for you.(2)Choose the best answer according to the passage B. (10points)Some time ago, a friend offered me a ride home after work. I got into her SUVand sat down, ready for the short ride. After a few minutes, an annoying beepingsound started. “Oh,” she said, “You’ll need to fasten y our seatbelt to make thatirritating noise stop.” Grudgingly, I did up my seatbelt and the noise ceased, butthe beeping had accomplished its purpose; I fastened my seatbelt.This is an example of affective design: design that’sintentionally created to ca pture the user’sattention, triggering an emotional response that willincrease the likelihood of performing a certainbehavior. The emotional response can be conscious orunconscious. For example, a brightly colored buttonwill attract users’ attention un consciously byaffecting the degree of arousal (i.e. physicalstimulation). And the behavior could be any action,from clicking a button or signing up for a newsletter,to making a purchase online.To make the unpleasant sound in my friend’s SUV stop, I had to perform a particular behavior. In this case, the stimulus wasthe unpleasant beeping sound, which triggered my annoyance andled me to fasten my seatbelt. With your latest web app, thestimulus is likely visual, rather than auditory, but the energythat it commands is the same. One thing these stimuli have incommon is that they demand and command your attention.(2.1) Which of the following made the noise?_______A .the steering wheel B.the seat C.the seatbelt D thedoor(2.2) The product which is described as the example is _________?A a carB a TVC a mobile phoneD the door(2.3) To create an affective product, the designer would try to_____A make the product colorful.B make the product effective in triggering anemotional response.C make the product easy to use(2.4) which topic may be the best following content ofthis text?_____A The principle of emotional product design.B The importance of affective design in SUV.C The significance of functional and rational design.Ⅲ Translation (40 points)(1) Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(20points)(1.1) Our tendency to assign and characterize personality based onconversation is easily recognizable in the example below.(1.2) Hundreds of the top Chinese students are flockingto the best U.S. and European graduate programs in design."It really blows my mind how dedicated they are," saysTim Parsey, director of consumer-experience design forMotorola Inc.(2) Translate the following sentences into English. (20 points)(2.1) 彩色铅笔在设计的手绘过程是理想的工具。
专业英语单词
accident/incident theory 事故原理accident prevention 事故预防accident rate 事故率accident report 事故报告accident scene 事故现场administrative controls 管理控制agreement settlement 工伤赔偿协商analysis and evaluation 分析评价auto-ignition temperature 自燃点causalrelationship 因果关系ceiling最高限度chemical burn injuries 化学烧伤chemical engineer 化学工程师chemical hazards化学危害closed environment 密闭环境closing conference 协商会议combustible substance易燃物combustion 燃烧combustion point 燃点competitiveness 竞争conduction 传导conductors 传感器confined space 限制空间consistency 一致性controlled environment 可控环境convection 传送convergence 集中cost 花费cost allocation 费用分配critical burns 致命性烧伤crushing 挤压cutting 切断damages 损失death rates 死亡率decibel 分贝design flaw设计缺陷design process 设计进程direct settlement 直接结算discovery period 资源开发document and communicate 文件互通domino theory 多米诺理论electrical engineering 电机工程electrical hazards 电气伤害electricity 电流emergency action plan （EAP）应急行动计划emergency coordinator 应急协调员emergency notification 紧急情况提醒emergency planning 应急计划emergency response plan 应急响应计划emergency response management team 应急响应管理小组employee 雇员employee responsibilities 雇员职责employee rights 雇员权利employer-biased laws 基于雇主的法律employer liability 雇主责任employer responsibilities 雇主职责employer rights 雇主权利environmental engineer环境工程师environmental factors环境因素environmental heat 环境热效应environmental management system (EMS) 环境管理体系ergonomic hazards 人机工程危险ergonomic trap 人机工程缺陷ergonomics 人机工程学ethical behavior 道德行为ethics 道德规范expert system 专家系统explosion 爆炸explosive range 爆炸极限exposure ceiling 爆炸上限exposure threshold 爆炸下限failure mode and effects analysis 故障模式及影响分析falls 坠落fault tree analysis 事故树分析feedback 反馈fellow servant rule 雇员规则flame-resistant clothing 防火衣flexible hours 弹性工时fire hazards 火灾fire point 燃点first-degree burn 一级烧伤fire-related losses 火灾损失flammable substance 可燃物fixed guards 固定保护装置flash point 闪点flashing back 反射foreign object 不相关物体foresee ability 预见性four-step teaching method 四步骤培训方法four-to-one ratio 四一一关系free environment 自由环境freeze 粘住frequency 频率full-potential approach 全部潜能方法fuses 保险丝global marketplace 世界市场good housekeeping （工作场所）内务整理ground fault 接地故障ground fault circuit interrupter 接地故障断路器grounding conductor 接地线harmful equipment 危险装备hazard analysis 危险分析hazard and operability review 危险与操作检查heart disease 心脏病heat burn injuries 热烧伤heat stroke 中暑heat transfer 热传导high-radiation area 高辐射区域human error analysis人失误分析human factors theory 人造事故致因理论impulse noise 脉冲噪音inappropriate activities 不适当行为indirect costs 间接损失industrial hygiene 工业卫生industrial safety engineer 工业安全工程师inspection tour 检查巡视instructional approach 指导方法ionizing radiation 电离辐射islands of automation 孤立自动控制lifting hazard 起重伤害locus of control 控制范围materrial safety data sheets （MSDSs）危险材料一览表mechanical hazards 机械危险mechanical injuries 机械伤害medical expenses 医药开支metabolic heat 新陈代谢能量。
各专业的英文翻译
哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学Industrial Economics国际贸易学International Trade劳动经济学Labor Economics统计学Statistics数量经济学Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics法学Law法学Science of Law法学理论Jurisprudence法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学Science of Military Law政治学Political Science政治学理论Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations外交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学Ethnology民族学Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Education教育学Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学V ocational and Technical Education特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology基础心理学Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Science体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature 外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism传播学Communication艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory音乐学Music美术学Fine Arts设计艺术学Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学Film广播电视艺术学Radio and television Art舞蹈学Dance历史学History历史学History史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学Archaeology and Museology历史地理学Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史History of Particular Subjects中国古代史Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史World History理学Natural Science数学Mathematics基础数学Fundamental Mathematics计算数学Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理Plasma Physics凝聚态物理Condensed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics无线电物理Radio Physics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理）Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学Astronomy天体物理Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学Geography自然地理学Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment 海洋科学Marine Sciences物理海洋学Physical Oceanography海洋化学Marine Chemistry海洋生理学Marine Biology海洋地质学Marine Geology地球物理学Geophysics固体地球物理学Solid Earth Physics空间物理学Space Physics地质学Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology 地球化学Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学）Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学Structural Geology第四纪地质学Quaternary Geology生物学Biology植物学Botany动物学Zoology生理学Physiology水生生物学Hydrobiology微生物学Microbiology神经生物学Neurobiology遗传学Genetics发育生物学Developmental Biology细胞生物学Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Science系统理论Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史History of Science and Technology工学Engineering力学Mechanics一般力学与力学基础General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学Solid Mechanics流体力学Fluid Mechanics工程力学Engineering Mechanics机械工程Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程Vehicle Engineering光学工程Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料科学与工程Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学Materialogy材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics 工程热物理Engineering Thermophysics热能工程Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High V oltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计）Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程Civil Engineering岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering 化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程Chemical Engineering化学工艺Chemical Technology生物化工Biochemical Engineering应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程Geological Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engineering发酵工程Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure 轮机工程Marine Engine Engineering水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程Forestry Engineering森林工程Forest Engineering木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学Environmental Science环境工程Environmental Engineering生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering食品科学Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学Agriculture作物学Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学Tea Science农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学Soil Science植物营养学Plant Nutrition植物保护学Plant Protection植物病理学Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学Pesticide Science畜牧学Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and ReproductionScience动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等）The Rearing of Special-type Economic Animals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学Silviculture森林保护学Forest Protection森林经理学Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wildlife Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating 水产学Fisheries Science水产养殖学Aquaculture Science捕捞学Fishing Science渔业资源学Science of Fisheries Resources医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学Immunology病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Forensic Medicine放射医学Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学）Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and 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Management林业经济管理学Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学Science of Public Management行政管理学Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学Educational Economy and Management社会保障学Social Security土地资源管理学Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学Science of Library, Information and Archival 图书馆学Library Science情报学Information Science档案学Archival Science。
专业英语语言特点
• 如在基础英语中eye作“眼睛”, 在专业英语中可 以根据不同场合分别表示“孔”、“环”、 “镜”、“圈”、“窗”、“吊眼”等; • 又如carrier在基础英语中作“运送者”解, 牵涉化 工方面可译作“载体”, 牵涉到机械方面可译作 “托架”或“承载器”。 • 再如solution 溶解(化学), 解法(数学),还债(法律); circuit电路(电工), 巡回审判(法律),水准闭合环(测 绘); adjustmen t 调节器, 调解(法律), 平差(测绘)。
• 动名词复合结构的逻辑主语一般是物主代 词或所有格名词, 但在专业英语中也常用名 词。例如:“This is the process of silica, sodium oxide and calcium oxide being made into sodalime silica glass。”(这就 是二氧化硅、氧化钠和氧化钙制成钠钙硅 玻璃的过程)。
• 有形容词短语, 如:“the adjustment necessary to the variables”(对变量的必要调整); 有定语从句, 如:“minerals which may be beneficiated”(可选取 的矿物);“the method in which a small amount of glass is heated at known temperatures and the temperature of crystal formation obtained in a series of step wise variations in temperature”(将 少量玻璃加热至已知温度, 通过一系列温度的逐步 变化, 以获得晶体形成温度的方法)等。
• 专业英语中, 虚拟语气的句子很多用短语来表示条 件, 如:“Without these heat-resisting materials, the building of the furnace would be impossible。”(要是没有这些耐热材料, 建造窑炉 就不可能)。 • 有时表示预测也用虚拟语气, 如:“What are the main problems that would be involved in the construction of a large continuous tankfurnace?”(建造一座大的连续式池窑会涉及哪些主 要问题?)。
专业英语试卷及答案
《专业外语》考试试卷（把答案写到答题纸上）一、Please translate the phrase below in Chinese（每词1分，共10分）1、turret lathe 六角车床，转塔车床2、electrofax 电子摄影;电子摄影机;电子照相3、tunnel diodes 隧道二极管4、electron trigonometry电子三角测量5、VLF Propagation 非常低频率的传播6、B2B e-commerce商业对商业的电子商务模式7、bit-synchronization system 位同步系统8、Nomenclature 术语9、CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning计算机辅助工艺规程10、tool magazine 刀具库二、Please translate the phrase below in English（每词1分，共10分）1、开放式数控系统Open CNC system2、工程索引engineering index3、齿轮插床 gear slotter4、多头螺纹multiple thread5、差动滑轮differential pulley6、液压系统hydraulic system7、低碳钢low carbon steel8、自动上料装置Automatic feeding device9、曲轴销孔The crankshaft pin hole 10、批量生产quantity productivity三、Please translate the paragraph below in Chinese（共40分，1-5每题3分，6-10每题5分）1、The production of aluminum is second only to that of iron and steel.铝的产量仅次于钢和铁2、Even metal plates（金属板材）can be pierced through by laser beam（激光束）.金属板材可以用激光束刺开，打通。
专业英语
问答题1.what are the essential elements in decision making?and where does accounting fit into the process?做决策时候的必要因素是什么？会计在其中起的作用？TO use a rational decision making process.first,the problem or question must be clearly identified.next,the facts surrounding the situation must be gathered and analyzed.finally,severa alternative courses of action should be considered before a decision is reached.accounting plays a vital role in providing information needed to make knowledgeable financial decisions.2.if you were a banker considering a loan application ,why would you need accounting information?如果你是一个在考虑借款申请的银行家你需要会计信息的原因是什么bankers could not evaluate the riskiness of potential loans without the accounting information.3.If a trial balance appears to be correct,does that guarantee complete accuracy in the accounting records?Explain.如果试算平衡要矫正，能保证完全精确吗？说明。
lecture1专业英语的特点
构造材料的强度越来越高，目的就是满足不断增长的现代工业需求。
(2) What does a furnace do? It heat-up a material. The function of a furnace is to heat-up a material.
Let A be equal to B.设A等于B。 Consider a high-pressure chambeammar Features
(5) 复杂长句使用频繁〔准确、精炼〕
为了完整、准确地表达事物内在联系，使用大量从句
It has been mentioned above that the electrons in a metal are able to move freely through the metal, that their motion constitutes an electric current in the metal and that they play an important part in conduction of heat.
图1所示喷气发动机横截面举例说明了金属材料在大量严苛条件下的应用。
1.3 Grammar Features
2) The term “structure〞, as it was pointed out above, means the arrangement of a material’s atoms.
中心是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作的发出者，把论证说明的对象
《专业英语》试题及答案
《专业英语》试题及答案第一大题：判断题1、（）In China，minority people share the same basic rights with the Han.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A2、（）Beijing Opera，one of China's most famous art form，is over200years old.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B3、（）Of the world's two great cuisines, the Chinese is as varied as, and, in fact, much younger in tradition than the French.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B4、（）Buddhism is the mere major religion that came exclusively from Chinese roots and grew to maturity in Chinese soil.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B5、（）At Datong, the Huayan actually consists of two monasteries, the upper and lower.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A6、（）The first tour in the modern sense was put together by Thomas Cook in England in 1981.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A7、（）A agent can use the terminal to ask the computer a question and receive an answer in a matter of seconds.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B8、（）However,different nations have same rating systems.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B9、（）In many countries,tipping is necessary in non-self-service restaurants or cafes.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A10、（）No smoke is allowed on the flight,even in the lavatories.A.正确参考答案：B11、（）Mt.E'mei is reputed as"the most beautiful mountain under heaven."A.正确B.错误参考答案：A12、（）Du fu was born in present-day Gongxian County,Henan Province in712.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B13、（）I wonder if you could make some change to our agenda.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A14、（）Shopping is a tourist attraction in big cities.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A15、（）In western countries, when people dine out together, they often go Dutch or have a Dutch treat.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A16、（）Strictly speaking, Confucianism is more an ethical system than a religion, and only Daoism is native to China.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A17、（）Tokyo has some world-class higher institutions, including Tokyo, Waseda and Keio universities.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A18、（）The Shang Dynasty constituted the first Chinese state in ancient time.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B19、（）In China, the foreign visitor is often shown a variety of Chinese medical techniques.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A20、（）Over the pass centuries，foreign elements have been absorbed and assimilates into Chinese culture. A typical example is Buddhism.A.正确参考答案：A21、（）Generally speaking, the western part of the country is more populous and developed than the eastern part, but less resourceful than the latter.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B22、（）Usually, if you are invited by a Chinese, you are not expected to foot the bill.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A23、（）China is a multinationalcountry with 56 nationalities, and the Hui is the majority people.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B24、（）Recent studies also show that the Yangtze River is another major source of Chinese civilization.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A25、（）People enjoy drinking tea not only for quenching thirst and overcoming fatigue but also for helping digestion.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A26、（）Muslim cuisine and vegetarian cuisine include pork and all sort of meat respectively.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B27、（）As one of the world’s few free ports, Hong Kong offers duty-free goods.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A28、（）There are the first seven thing to start with when a day begins—firewood , rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and coffee.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B29、（）Zhuge Liang was a celebrated statesman and military strategist of the Wei Kingdom.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B30、（）Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, a world natural heritage and a world biosphere reserve, has been listed by the UNESCO.B.错误参考答案：A31、（）A good location isn’t an important factor in the success of an agency.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B32、（）The three basic elements of tourism are the tourist, the tourism resources and the travel agency.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B33、（）In recent years, China has established a modern, long-distance highway system and inter-city fast train service.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A34、（）Chinese food is featured by “colorful”, “flavorous”, “delicious”, “shapeable”, “varied” and “complex”.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A35、（）The travel agency is supposed to design tour routes, work out tour plans, make tour prices and so on.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A36、（）Exercise isn’t another important element in Chinese health therapy.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B37、（）Hotel both in America and China are rated as one star, two stars, three stars, four stars and five stars.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B38、（）For defense against nomadic Mongolian tribes, the first emperor of the Tang Dynasty had the Great Wall connected.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B39、（）The three greatest brocades in China are Shu Brocade, Yun Brocade and Song Brocade.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A40、（）From antiquity，the Chinese have been assiduous keepers of official archives.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A41、（）In China, trains are divided into “hard seat” and “soft seat” coaches and “hard” and “soft” sleepers.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A42、（）The most famous painting of the Tang Dynasty is Life along the River on the Eve of the Qingming Festival.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B43、（）Coffee is the most popular beverage for the Chinese, just as tea for Americans.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B44、（）China, reputed as the “Silk Nation”, has been famous for her silk products for centuries.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A45、（）In most Chinese cities, there exists a very convenient transit system: urban buses, trolleys and double-deckers.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A46、（）Most of the minorities differ from the Han in language and custom.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A47、（）There are three types of trains：“special express”, “direct express” and “slow”.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A48、（）The so-called tri-colored glazed pottery was typical of the Song Dynasty.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B49、（）Mount E’mei is one of the four sacred Buddhist mountains in China.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A50、（）Many newer hotels don’t offer buffets for breakfast and lunch.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B51、（）Carbon monoxide is harmful to mankind's health.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A52、（）Ethanol can be obtained from oil crops.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B53、（）The oxygen can be combined with hydrogen in a fuel cell.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A54、（）Alcohol produced from corn is a renewable energy source.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B55、（）A solar cell works mainly based on the optoelectronics effec.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A56、（）Bacteria are termed prokaryotic because they lack nuclear membranes.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A57、（）Chemoorganotrophs are referred to as autotrophs.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B58、（）A species surviving in uncrowded but possibly physically restrictive environments is designated as K-selected.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B59、（）The numerically predominant bacteria in soil are Streptomycetes.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B60、（）Throughout most of the world, industry is the leading consumptive user of water.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B61、（）Withdrawals for agricultural purposes currently account for over two thirds total abstraction in all OECD countries.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B62、（）The practice of exploiting underground water for agriculture is essential for the protection of natural resources.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B63、（）Land degradation, is the decline in land quality or reduction in its productivity and environmental regulatory capacity.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A64、（）Land degradation is a physical process driven by socioeconomic and political causes.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B65、（）Accelerated soil erosion is another principal land degradation process.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A第二大题：翻译句子1、中国是一个人口众多的多民族国家。
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Binding energies were calibrated versus the carbon
signal at 284.6 eV. The Brunauer-Emmett Teller (BET) specific surface area was measured at 77 K using a Tristar 3000 surface area and porosity analyzer (Micromeritics, USA).
小角X射线衍射（XRD）在一个D / maxrb X射线衍射仪得到的模式（理学，日 本），配备了扫描速率以0.05°S-1 Cu K辐射（2）小角衍射附件。
The morphology was observed on a S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi, Japan) being operated at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV and a JEM 2010FEF high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM, JEOL, Japan) being operated at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV.
Small angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained on a D/MAX-RB X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku, Japan) equipped with small angle diffraction annex using Cu Ka radiation at a scanning rate (2q ) of 0.05° s-1.
所有的样品在353 K真空脱气BET之前测量。漫反射图案被记录在紫外-可见分光 光度计（UV-3010，日立，日本）。 把（声音或图像）录制在…上
recorded on
Total organic carbon (TOC) was analyzed with a multi
N/C 2100 model TOC analyzer (Analytik Jena, Germany).
总有机碳（TOC）是在一个2100 N / C模型TOC分析仪分析（耶拿，德国）。
Fe content was monitored by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS, Analyst 300, P.E. Inc.).
Fe含量的原子吸收光谱法（AAS，分析师监测300，体育公司）。
红外光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱在衰减全反射模式记
录（FTIR-ATR，Nexus 670），配备干燥后的ominc 固体样品，在333 K真空电子自旋共振（ESR）与 DMPO作为自由基捕获从布鲁克ESR 300E光谱仪配 备和量子射线照射源收集研究系统的光谱：YAG激光 系统（= 532 nm）。
校准与碳信号在284.6 eV的结合能。布鲁诺尔-埃米特-特勒（BET）的 比表面积测定在77 K使用三星3000的表面积和孔隙率分析仪（该公司， 美国）。
Measured 测定
All the samples were degassed at 353 K in vacuum prior
to BET measurement. The diffuse reflection pattern was recorded on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV3010, Hitachi, Japan).
H2O2 concentration was measured with the DPD
method . UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra were recorded on a Varian Cary 50 UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a Jasco FP-6200 fluorescence spectrophotometer, respectively. H2O2浓度用DPD方法[测量。紫外-可见吸收光谱和 荧光光谱分别记录在Varian卡里50紫外可见分光光度 计和该fp-6200荧光分光光度计。
在虹膜无畏的电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱仪进行
了光学发射光谱学的成分分析（ICP-OES分析成分， 热电子公司，美国）
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was
carried out on a VG Multilab 2000 spectrometer (Thermo Electron Corporation) with Al Ka radiation as the exciting source (300 W).
在加速电压为10 kV的 S-4800型场发射扫描电子显微镜 （SEM观察到的形态，日立，日本）或在加速电压为 200 kV操作杰姆2010fef高分辨透射电子显微镜 （HRTEM操作，JEOL，日本）。
The compositions were analyzed with the optical emission spectroscopy on an IRIS Intrepid II inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES, Thermo Electron Corporation, USA).
Infrared spectra were recorded with a Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy in the mode of attenuation total reflection (FTIR-ATR, Nexus 670) equipped with Ominc sample after the solid samples were dried in vacuum at 333 K. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of studied system with DMPO as radical capture was collected from a Brucker ESR radiation source of Quanta-Ray ND: YAG laser system (l = 532 nm).