(完整)高中英语直接引语和间接引语讲解
高中英语直接引语和间接引语讲解
直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的概念直接引语和间接引语是叙述人们说话的两种方法。
直接引语指说话人直接引用别人的原话。
这样重复的话语要放在引号内,且在原话前加逗号,引号内每个句子的第一个单词的首字母必须大写。
例如:He asked, “Where did you go?” 他问:“你到哪里去了?”间接引语是指说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。
间接引语在多数情况下是变成宾语从句,即和主句一起构成一个含宾语从句的主从复合句,不用引号。
例如:She said (that) those books were hers. 她说那些书是她的。
二、直接引语转间接引语直接引语在转换成间接引语时,要注意人称的变化、句子结构的变化、主从句时态的一致、语序的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化、地点状语的变化以及部分动词的变化等事项。
1、人称的变化直接引语在转换成间接引语时,人称的变化规则是:一随主,二随宾,三不变。
1) 一随主:即直接引语中的代词是第一人称时,在间接引语中必须和主句的主语相一致。
例如:Tom says, “I’m from America.” 汤姆说:“我来自美国。
”→T om says (that) he is from America. 汤姆说他来自美国。
(I变成了和主语Tom 相一致的he)2) 二随宾:即直接引语中的代词是第二人称时,在间接引语中必须和主句的宾语相一致。
例如:She asked me, “Where do you live?” 她问我:“你住在哪里?”→She asked me where I live. 她问我我住在哪里。
(you变成了和宾语me相一致的I)3)三不变:即直接引语中的代词是第三人称时,在间接引语中保持不变。
例如:Kate sa id,” They like reading.” 凯特说:“他们喜欢阅读。
”→Kate said (that) they liked reading. 凯特说他们喜欢阅读。
(完整版)英语语法----直接引语和间接引语
英语语法----直接引语和间接引语一、 定义:1、 直接引语:使用引号引出别人的原话。
2、间接引语:用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。
二、 直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语变间接引语时,要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化。
1、 人称变化口诀如下:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I ,me ,my ,mine ,we ,us ,our ,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you ,your ,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he ,him ,his ,she ,her ,hers,it ,its,they,their ,theirs ,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。
一随主:He said , “I like it very much.” 他说:“我非常喜欢它”。
→liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
(I 改为he, it 不变)二随宾:He said, “You told me this story.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。
”→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(本句中宾语是me ,所以You 改为I , me 改为him, told 改为had told)She said to Mary ,”How do you ?”go to work everyday?” →She asked Mary how she went to work everyday. 第三人称不更新:He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room ”.他对我说:“她把书放在你的房间里去了。
语法干货直接引语和间接引语最全讲解
语法干货直接引语和间接引语最全讲解直接引语和间接引语的概述在直接引用别人的原话时,被引用的句子称为直接引语。
在用直接引语时,引语前后都要加引号。
引导引语的动词称为引用动词,如:say, ask, answer, reply等。
引用动词多数放在后面,有时放在前面,间或插在引语中间。
在把引用动词放在后面时,有时主语和动词位置可以颠倒(特别是主语较长时)。
例如:“Who is it?” Ann shouted.“I never eat meat,” she explained.“Sit up,” he commanded, “and hold out your hands.”当用自己的话转述别人的话时,被转述的部分称为间接引语。
这时被引语部分常常是引用动词的宾语。
在多数情况下,引语都由连词that引导,但在say, tell等词后可以省略。
例如:He said (that) he had lost the bag.Tell her I am out.把直接引语变成间接引语时,要改变的内容1. 要根据意思改变人称。
2. 要根据时态呼应的原则把时态加以调整。
3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词也需要作必要的变动。
各种句式变间接引语时要发生的变化1. 陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导 (that 可省略)。
例如:Tony said to me, “ I will leave this book in your desk.”→Tony told me (that) he would leave that book in my desk.如果直接引语是表示建议、要求、推测、判断的陈述句,变为间接引语时,可以变为动词不定式、V-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。
例如:Jane said to Tony, “You’d better ask your friends for some advice.”→Jane advised Tony to ask his friends for some advice.→Jane suggested Tony asking his friends for some advic e.→Jane advised/suggested that T ony (should) ask his friends for some advice.2. 一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,要用连词whether或if引导,同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
英语中的直接引语和间接引语
英语中的直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的概念1. 直接引语- 直接引语就是直接引用别人的原话,被引用的部分通常放在引号内。
例如:He said, "I am going to the park." 在这个句子中,“I am going to the park.”就是直接引语,它原封不动地呈现了说话者所说的内容。
2. 间接引语- 间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话,不用引号。
例如:He said that he was going to the park. 这里“he was going to the park”就是间接引语,它是对原句“He said, 'I am going to the park.'”的转述。
二、直接引语变间接引语的变化规则1. 人称的变化- 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称(I或we),在变为间接引语时,要根据句子的意思相应地变为第三人称(he/she或they)。
- 例如:- 直接引语:I said, "I like this book."- 间接引语:I said that I liked this book.(这里因为主语都是I,人称不变,但如果是He said, "I like this book." 变为间接引语就是He said that he liked this book.)- 如果直接引语中的第二人称(you),在变为间接引语时,要根据转述者和听话者的关系变为第一人称(I/we)或第三人称(he/she/they)。
- 例如:- 直接引语:He said to me, "You are a good student."- 间接引语:He told me that I was a good student.- 直接引语:He said to her, "You should study hard."- 间接引语:He told her that she should study hard.2. 时态的变化- 一般现在时变为一般过去时。
高中英语-直接引语和间接引语
一、直接引语直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语,直接引语通常置于引号内(“引用原话”)。
—“What is it all about?”—“究竟是什么事呢?”—“Nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.”—“没有什么,大惊小怪而已。
”二、间接引语用自己的话转述别人的意思,或引用自己说过的话,都叫做间接引语。
间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。
Mary said that she received a sugar report this morning.玛莉说她今天早上收到了一封情书。
He said that his hands were quite full at that moment.他说那时他忙得不可开交。
三、直接引语与间接引语的转换在将直接引语转换为间接引语时,不仅句式上要有变化,而且要在时态、人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。
1、引语转换时的句式变化不同的直接引语句式,如:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句,转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则,还要注意根据句意,使用适当的引述动词。
(1)陈述句的间接引语将陈述句转换为间接引语,通常用that引导的宾语从句来表达。
连词that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。
引述分句的动词常见的有say 和tell等。
He said, “I caught a cold yesterday.”他说:“我昨天感冒了。
”He said (that) he had caught a cold the day before.他说他前天感冒了。
Helen said to me, “I’m tired of taking such exams.”海伦说:“我讨厌参加这种考试。
”Helen told me (that) she was tired of taking such exams.海伦说她讨厌参加这种考试。
在下列情况下,往往要保留that。
高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的转换和应用
高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的转换和应用在高中英语学习中,直接引语和间接引语是重要的语法知识点。
了解它们的转换和应用方法,可以帮助学生更好地理解和运用英语。
本文将对直接引语和间接引语的转换和应用进行归纳和总结。
直接引语是原原本本地引述别人的话,使用引号将其包围起来,并使用适当的标点符号。
在转化为间接引语时,需要进行人称、时态、指示词等方面的调整。
第一部分:直接引语的转换和应用直接引语是包含他人原话的直接陈述,使用引号将其引用出来。
下面是一些关于转换直接引语的基本规则:1. 当主句的时态是一般现在时时,直接引语的时态不做改变。
例如:直接引语:She said, "I am a student."间接引语:She said that she is a student.2. 当主句的时态是一般过去时时,直接引语的时态要向过去时转换。
例如:直接引语:She said, "I will go to the cinema."间接引语:She said that she would go to the cinema.3. 当直接引语是被引述者的陈述句时,可以使用that来引导间接引语。
例如:直接引语:He said, "I am happy."间接引语:He said that he was happy.第二部分:间接引语的转换和应用间接引语是将直接引语转换为自己的话,不使用引号,而是通过动词引导和适当的调整来传达别人的话。
以下是一些关于应用间接引语的基本规则:1. 当直接引语中有一些特定的指示词(如now、here、this、these),在转换成间接引语时要进行相应的改变。
例如:直接引语:She said, "I am going now."间接引语:She said that she was going then.2. 当引述者自己有一些表示过去的指示词时,要根据语境进行适当调整。
高一英语直接引语与间接引语知识精讲PPT课件.ppt
时态、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、动词、呼 语等方面的变化。 ❖ 1. 人称的变化,包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代 词等。
❖ He said , “ I’ve left my book in your room . ” ❖ 他说:“我把我的书落在了你的房间。”
❖ (1)They said , “ we are having an exam now . ” 他们说, “我们正在考试。”
❖ They said that they were having an exam then . 他们说 那时他们正在考试。
❖ (2)John told me , “ About 5,000 people went to the concert yesterday . ”
❖ ▲ 没有间接宾语的,可以加一个间接宾语。 如me,him等。
❖▲ 从句用陈述语序。 ❖eg .(1)He said , “ Do you
understand ? ” ❖他问,“你理解吗?”
❖ He asked me if / whether I understood .
❖他问我是否我理解了。
❖ (2)He asked me , “ Which part of China impresses you most ? ”
❖ (3)tonight→that night (4)this week→that week
❖ (5)yesterday→the day before (6)yesterday evening→the evening before
❖ (7)last week→the week before (8)three days ago→three days before
高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的变化规则
高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的变化规则直接引语(Direct Speech)和间接引语(Indirect Speech)是英语语法中非常重要的知识点。
在日常生活和写作中,我们经常会遇到需要引述他人的话语的情况。
了解直接引语和间接引语的变化规则对于正确引述他人的话语以及理解他人的陈述至关重要。
本文将对高中英语中直接引语和间接引语的变化规则进行归纳总结。
一、直接引语的变化规则1. 动词变化:直接引语中的动词需根据引述的内容进行时态、人称和数量等变化。
a) 一般现在时:直接引语中的一般现在时可以保持不变。
例子:He said, "I like music."(他说:“我喜欢音乐。
”)b) 一般过去时:直接引语中的一般过去时需变为过去完成时。
例子:She said, "I visited my grandparents yesterday."(她说:“昨天我去看望了我的祖父母。
”)c) 现在进行时:直接引语中的现在进行时需变为过去进行时。
例子:They said, "We are studying for the exam."(他们说:“我们正在为考试学习。
”)d) 一般将来时:直接引语中的一般将来时需变为过去将来时。
例子:He said, "I will go to the cinema tomorrow."(他说:“明天我将去电影院。
”)2. 代词变化:直接引语中的人称代词(例如I、you、he、she、they 等)需按照引述者的身份进行变化。
例子:He said, "I am going to the park."(他说:“我要去公园。
”)3. 时间和地点变化:直接引语中的时间和地点词语需根据实际情境进行变化。
例子:She said, "I will meet you at the library tomorrow."(她说:“明天我会在图书馆见你。
完整版)直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
完整版)直接引语和间接引语用法讲解He told me that she had left her book in my room.他告诉我她把书放在我的房间里了。
(直接引语改为间接引语,人称和时态相应变化)三、直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如果是疑问句,变为间接引语时,要用疑问词或if/whether引导宾语从句,同时要将直接引语中的疑问句变为陈述语序。
1、疑问词引导的宾语从句直接引语中的疑问词(如:what,who,how,when,where,why等)变为间接引语时,要根据句子的语境和意思选择适当的疑问词引导宾语从句。
___?”___.他问我:“你什么时候来这里的?”___ ___.他问我我什么时候来过那里。
(直接引语改为间接引语,疑问词变为when,人称和时态相应变化)2、if/whether引导的宾语从句直接引语中如果是以是否开头的疑问句,变为间接引语时,要用if/whether引导宾语从句。
___?”Shesaid.她说:“你认识他吗?”___/___.她问我是否认识他。
(直接引语改为间接引语,疑问句变为陈述语序)四、直接引语是祈使句时直接引语如果是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要用动词不定式(to+动词原形)来表达。
___!”___.男孩对他说:“把书打开!”___告诉他打开书。
(直接引语改为间接引语,用动词不定式表达)五、直接引语是感叹句时直接引语如果是感叹句,变为间接引语时,要用连词how 或what来引导宾语从句。
___!”Hesaid.他说:“多么漂亮的女孩!”___.他说那个女孩有多漂亮。
(直接引语改为间接引语,用how引导宾语从句)___ me that she had left her book in my room。
When changing direct ___ indirect speech。
the tense of the verb in the ___ of the verb in the main clause。
高中英语必修四:M4U1直接引语间接引语课件 (共14张PPT)
间接引语
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时
由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况 时态不变:
1. 客观不变的真理
The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.” → The teacher told the students that water __fr_e_e_z_e_s_ when the temperature ___f_a_ll_s___ below 0℃.
•7、is a progressive discovery of our ignorance.教育是一个逐步发现自己无知的过程。2021/11/272021/11/27November 27, 2021
•8、is a admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing worth knowing can be taught.教育 是令人羡慕的东西,但是要不时地记住:凡是值得知道的,没有一个是能够教会的。2021/11/272021/11/272021/11/272021/11/27
She asked me if __I____ was interested in science.
3. His mother said to me, “ He can’t go to school.”
His mother told me that __h_e____ couldn’t go to school.
6、does not mean teaching people to kow what they do not know ; it means teachng them to behave as they do not behave. 教育不在于使人知其所未知,而在于按其所未行而行。2021年11月2021/11/272021/11/272021/11/2711/27/2021
高中语法-直接引语,间接引语
一、语法Direct and Indirect Speech(1)直接引语和间接引语1.直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。
eg: "I broke your CD player."(一般过去时改成过去完成时)He told me he had broken my CD player.Jenny said,"I have lost a book."(现在完成时改成过去完成时)Jenny said she had lost a book.Mum said,"I’ll go to see a friend."(一般将来时改成过去将来时)Mum said she would go to see a friend.He said,"We hadn't finished our homework."(过去完成时保留原有的时态)He said they hadn't finished their homework.注意:直接引语是客观真理,过去进行时,时态不变。
2.在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
如:Mary said,"My brother is an engineer."Mary said her brother was and engineer.3.直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。
如:He said,"Can you run, Mike?"He asked Mike whether/if he could run.4.直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth”句型。
高中英语语法-直接引语和间接引语
类别1:直接引语为祈使句
当祈使句是肯定句时, 使用 ask/tell sb. to do sth.
当祈使句是否定句时, 使用 ask/tell sb. not to do sth .
eg. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语
❖He said to me, “open the window, please.”
here
there
类别3:直接引语为特殊疑问句
1、引导词为 疑问词 . 2、疑问语序要改成 陈述句语序 . (疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分)
3、人称的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变)
4、时态的变化 (主句用现在时或将来时,从句可用任何时态。 主句用过去时,从句用与过去相关的时态。)
Now, let’s check :
He said, “I came to help you.”
She said, “I’ll do it after class.”
He said that he had come to help me. She said that she would do it after class.
He said, “I had finished He said that he had finished the my homework before supper.” homework before supper.
直接引语与间接引语
(Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)
直接引语 (direct speech)
:
直接引述别人的原话,把 它放在引号内
间接引语 (indirect speech):用自己的话转述别人的话
高中英语 U1语法直接引语和间接引语课件 新人教必修1
“What do you think of the film?” She asked her friend.
She asked her friend
which room
I
lived in
what
she
thought of
the film
.பைடு நூலகம்
.
3.直接引语是选择疑问句,变间接引语时, 引导词: whether/if …or 语序:陈述句语序 句尾标点:随主句标点
4. Where are you going for vacation, Tony? I asked Tony 5. Do you remember his birthday? She asked 6. “What can I do for you?” he asked me. He asked me 7. “Are you interested in English?” he said. He asked
He told us,“I want this blue one.”
He told us ____________________________.
She said to me, “You can’t do anything now.”
She told me ____________________________.
I was/am
his
was
1. Mary asked, “Could you help me cook dinner?” Mary asked me 2. He asked, “Why are you so late for school, Jimmy?” He asked Jimmy 3. Will you tell me the answer to this question? She asked
高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的特殊情况
高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的特殊情况直接引语和间接引语是英语语法中的重要内容,它们在交流和书面表达中起到了至关重要的作用。
了解直接引语和间接引语的特殊情况,可以帮助我们更准确地理解和运用英语。
本文将对高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的特殊情况进行详细介绍。
一、直接引语和间接引语的概念直接引语(Direct Speech)指直接引用别人的原话,用来表达他人说过的内容。
间接引语(Indirect Speech)是将别人的原话转述为间接引语,以自己的话来表达他人说的内容。
二、直接引语和间接引语的一般规则一般情况下,直接引语和间接引语之间的变化包括以下几个方面:1.人称的变化:当宾语是第一人称时,要改变人称。
2.时态的变化:通常将直接引语中的时态转换成比较接近的时态。
3.引导词和标点的变化:引导词通常要加上适当的连词,标点也需要相应的变化。
下面将对直接引语和间接引语的特殊情况进行具体讲解。
三、直接引语和间接引语的特殊情况1.特殊疑问句的引述当直接引语是特殊疑问句时,间接引语要使用“asked”或者“wondered”等动词引导,同时要将疑问句改为陈述句。
例子:Direct Speech (直接引语): "Where are you going?" he asked.Indirect Speech (间接引语): He asked where I was going.2.陈述句的特殊情况当直接引语是陈述句且为真理、客观事实或总结性陈述时,间接引语不需要改变时态、人称和时间等。
例子:Direct Speech (直接引语): "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius."Indirect Speech (间接引语): He said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.3.祈使句的引述当直接引语是祈使句时,间接引语中要使用“tell”或者“ask”等动词引导,同时要注意将时态、人称和标点做相应的调整。
(完整)高中英语直接引语与间接引语讲义
直接引语和间接引语一、概念:直接引语指直接引用别人的话,故必须有引号;间接引语为转述别人的话,无引号。
e.g. He said, "I went to the Green Lake yesterday. ”(直接弓I语)He said that he had gone to the Green Lake the day before.(间接弓I语)二、步骤(如何把直接引语变为间接引语):连接词f人称T时态f状语f语序第一步:连接词1、直接引语为陈述句,用that.2、直接引语为一般疑问句,用whether或if(主句动词常为ask)3、直接引语为特殊疑问句,用特殊疑问词(what, when, how等)4、直接引语为祈使句,用tell/order/ask sb. (not) to do sth.e.g.(1)He said, I went to the Green Lake yesterday."(陈述句)He said that …(2)He asked, “ Di(you go to the Green Lake yesterday? ”He asked whether /if …(3)Don' make so much noise, children! she said.She told the childre n not to make so much no ise.第二步:人称的变化一般可以通过翻译来转化人称,也可以通过口诀“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”来记忆。
e.g. He said, we l t to the Green Lake yesterday. ”He said that he …翻译出来为:(他说,“我昨天去翠湖了。
”),那么转换过来为:(他说他昨天去了翠湖。
)由此可见,翻译出来后人称很好转化。
第三步:时态的变化(弓I号内的内容向前推一个时态)e.g. He said, " I went to the Green Lake yesterday. ”(一般过去时) He said that he had gone ...(过去完成时)【注意】以下几种情况时态不变①直接引语是客观真理。
高中英语,直接引语和间接引语的用法-最全
高中英语,直接引语和间接引语的用法直接引语和间接引语直接引语:直接引用原文:He said"I am a good boy"他说我是一个好男孩间接引语:间接引用原文:He said he was a good boy 他说他是一个好男孩直接引语变成间接引语第一种:He says"I am a happy today "------- He said he was a happy boy第二种:He asks me"Do you like apples?"-------- He asked me if I liked apples 第三种:He asks"What color is it ?"------He asked what color it was。
第四种:He says "one and one is two"-------He said that one and one is two直接引语变成间接引语时,时间状语,地点状语变化的原则This---that,these---those,now---then,today---that day,this evening ---that evening,Yesterday---the day before the previous day,yesterday morning-----the morning before,Last night---the night before,two days ago------two days before,next week----the next week,the following day,tomorrow---the next day ,the following day,the day after tomorrow-----in two days' time,here---there,bring---take,come---go,时态的变化:1,He said "he likes apples"----He said he liked apples2,He said "he is reading ,now"----He said he was reading ,then 3,He said "he has read the book"---He said he had read the book 4,He said "he had read the book"----He said he had read the book 5,He said "he had been reading books two hours "---He said he had been reading books two hours6,He said "he was reading books "----He said he was reading books 7,He said "he read books,yesterday "----He said that he had read books ,the day before8,He says"He will read books"----He said that he would read books9,He said "he has been reading books two hours"----He said that he had been reading books two hours直接引语变成间接引语的时态无须改变1,引述动词为一般现在时He says "I will go to school,tomorrow"---He says she will go to school tomorrow2,引述动词为将来时He will say"I will try my best"----He will say that he will try his best3,直接引语带有具体的过去时间The boy said"he was born in 1990"-----The boy said he was born in 1990 4,客官事实和真理时He said"one and one is two"----He said that one and one is two5,直接引语时谚语的时候He said"Never too old to learn"---He said that never too old to learn 6,直接引语中有情态动词He said "he could read books "---He said he could read books7,以when he while 引导的过去时间的从句He said "When I was a child ,I could read English books"----He said when he was a child ,he could read English books句式的变化:1,陈述句时,遇到say,tell,explain 等词汇时,用that连接使用He said to me "You should study hard"---He told that I should study hard2,在一般疑问句或者反义疑问句时,通常用if,whether 连接He asked me"Do you like apples?"He asked me if I liked applesHe asked me "Do you like apples,don't you?"He asked me if I liked apples在选择疑问句时,通常用whether 。
(完整)高中英语直接引语和间接引语讲解
He said, “Every dog has his day”.
→ He said that every dog has his day. 他说是人皆有出头日。
c. 间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在,时态可保
持不变。
He said,“The window is broken”.
直
接
引
语
为
祈
使
句
1.直接引语为祈使句时,间接引语往往用复合宾来表示,其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(动词不定式)。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request等词,句中please去掉。
She said to me,“Please have a res”t.
她说:我们都喜欢体育运动。
→ She said that they were very fond of sports.
她说他(她)们都喜欢体运动。
“I'll go over the grammar lesson once again”, he said.
他说:我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again.
He says, I have accepted her invitation.
He says he has accepted her invitation. 他说他已接受了她的邀请。
比较:
间接引语中的谓语动词时态对比。
Sarah said to me,I have two brothers. 莎莎对我说:“我有两个弟弟。”
英语直接引语和间接引语
英语直接引语和间接引语1. 直接引语定义:直接引用原话,把它放在引号内,不需要改变句子结构中的时态或代词。
如下:They said, “We watched a movie last night.”他们说,“我们昨晚看了一部电影。
”2. 间接引语定义:用自己的话加以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内。
间接引语大都是宾语从句,当直接引语为陈述句或者疑问句被转换成间接引语时,句子的结构,人称,时态,时间状语和地点状语等都要发生改变。
如下:Tom said, “I am so hungry.” (direct speech)汤姆说:“我太饿了。
”(直接引语)Tom said that he was so hungry. (indirect speech)汤姆说他太饿了。
(间接引语)在间接引语中我们可以发现人称I变成了he,动词am变成了was。
那么我们就来具体看看由直接引语变为间接引语时,我们的人称和时态如何变化:如何变人称:有一句顺口溜“一随主;二随宾;第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化,如:She said, "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如:He said to Kate, "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
如:Mr. Smith said, "Jack is a good worker。
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“What about having a drink?”he asked.
他问:喝杯怎么样?
He suggested having a drink. 他建议喝一杯。
②.advise sb to do
“Why don't you go hiking”, asked James.
他说:你看起来气色多好啊!
→ He said how well I looked.
他说我看起来是气色多好啊。
2.有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思,采用适当的动词变为陈述句,不需用间接宾语来转述。
“Help!”, he cried. 他喊到:救命啊!
→ He called for help. 他大声呼救。
“What a clever boy you are!”, my teacher said to him.
老师对他说,你是个聪明的孩子啊!
→ My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.
老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。
He said,“How well you look!”.
直接引语和间接引语
不同句式的间接引语
定义
引述某人的话一般采用两种形式:一种是直接引语(Direct Speech),即原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内;另一种是间接引语(Indirect Speech),即用自己的话加以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内。
直
接
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语
变
间
接
引
语
直接引语为陈述句
直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句,引述动词通常是say, tell等。主句中如果有say to sb., 通常变为tell sb. 与此同时,间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
He asked,“How do you like it?”. 他问:你觉得怎样?
→ He asked me how I liked it. 他问我觉得它怎样。
She asked me,“What's the matter with you?”
她问我:你怎么啦?
→ She asked me what was the matter with me.
→ He said that the window is broken.他说玻璃窗碎了。
Just now Brown said, “My son is ill today”.
→ Brown told me just now that his son is ill today. 布朗刚才告诉我说,他儿子今天病了。
→ She said that her teacher was busy yesterday. 她说她老师昨天很忙。
2
情
态
动
词
的
变
化
情态动词在间接引语中都可以改为过去式,must表示必、推测、禁止等意思时,可不变;表示必须时可不变,也可用had to 或would have to。
The senior said, “All men must die”.
④.ask sb to do
“Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow?”, she said to me.
她对我说:劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗?
→She asked me to take my reference book there the next day. 她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。
她叫学生不要齐声回答。
2.带有let的祈使句(表示请求,建议或命令),可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思。
“Let's go for a walk”, said the girl.
那姑娘说,让我们去散散步吧。
→ The girl suggested going for a walk.
他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。(that可省略)
直接引语为疑问句
一般疑问句和反意疑问句
一般疑问句改为间接引语时,要用陈述语序,并要加连词if 或 whether,其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know等。句末不用问号。
My teacher asked me,“Do you like American country music”我老师问我:你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗?
他问我是否去过北京。
否定一般疑问句和选择问句
如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时,用whether or连接。
She said, Don't you know my telephone number 她说:你难道不知道我的电话号码吗?
→ She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 她问我是知道她的电话号码。
她问我我怎么啦。
其它
英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问,而是表示请求、劝告、建议等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时,往往采用其他的形式。
①.suggest doing
“Shall we all go to the film tonight“, said Michael.
迈克尔说:我们今晚都去看电影,好吗?
→ Michael suggested going to the film tonight.
直
接
引
语
为
祈
使
句
1.直接引语为祈使句时,间接引语往往用复合宾来表示,其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(动词不定式)。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request等词,句中please去掉。
She said to me,“Please have a res”t.
He says, I have accepted her invitation.
He says he has accepted her invitation. 他的谓语动词时态对比。
Sarah said to me,I have two brothers. 莎莎对我说:“我有两个弟弟。”
她对我说:请休息一下。
→ She asked me to have a rest.
她要求我休息一下。
“Don't all answer at once”, she said to the pupils.
她对学生说:大家不要齐声回答。
→ She told the pupils not to answer all at once.
Sarah told me that she has two brothers.
莎莎告诉我说她有两个弟弟。(说话才认为这情况是真实的)
Sarah told me that she had two brothers.
莎拉告诉我说她有两个弟弟。(说话者对此没有什么把握)
b. 间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。
这女孩建议去散散步。
The teacher said,“Let Lily tidy the classroom”.
老师说:让莉莉整理教室。
→ The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the
classroom. 老师建议让莉莉整理教室。
直
接
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语
为
感
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句
1.直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时,多采用宾语从句结构,既可用what或how引导,也可用that引导。
→ The senior said that all men must die. 那老者说人总是要死的。
She said, “I must go to see the doctor tomorrow afternoon”.
詹姆士问:你为什么不徒步旅行?
James advised me to go hiking. 詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行。
③. offer to do
He said,“Would you like me to post the letter?”
他说:你要我寄信吗?
He offered to post the letter. 他主动提出寄信。
d. 间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语,仍可用一般过去时,不必改为过去
完成时。
The girl said, “Iwas born in1978”.
→ The girl said that she was born in 1978.那女孩说她生于1978年。
She said,“ My teacher was busy yesterday”.
老师告诉学生地球围绕太阳转。
He said, “Every dog has his day”.
→ He said that every dog has his day. 他说是人皆有出头日。
c. 间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在,时态可保
持不变。
He said,“The window is broken”.
→ My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
“You haven't been toBeijing, have you?”asked he.
他问:你没去过北,是吗?
→ He asked me if/whether I had been to Beijing.