专题二 定语从句-冲刺2020高考：语法
2020届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法知识分类详解定语从句
2020;2020 届高考英语考前冲刺优选语法知识分类详解定语从句1.什么是定语从句定语从句 (Attributive Clauses) 在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词 , 词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句往常出此刻先行词以后，由关系词( 关系代词或关系副词 ) 引出。
关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有： when, where, why等。
2.关系代词指引的定语从句关系代词所取代的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充任主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that这些词取代的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用以下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗 ?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that 在从句中作宾语 )2)Whose 用来指人或物， ( 只用作定语 , 若指物，它还可以够同 of which 交换 ), 比如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that它们所取代的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，比如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in thecountryside.乡村出现了亘古未有的繁华。
2020届高考英语二轮复习语法突破14：【定语从句】(含答案)
2020届高考英语二轮复习语法突破14【定语从句】高考英语定语从句用法速查速记考点一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词关系代词先行词句法功能who 人主语、宾语whom 人宾语which 物主语、宾语that 人或物主语、宾语、表语whose 人或物定语as 人或物主语、宾语、表语关系代词that和which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是all, few, little, much, something,anything,nothing等不定代词时先行词被the only, the very, the same, all等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时关系代词that和which的用法区别只用which的情况引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词指物，且前有介词时关系代词as和which的用法区别as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。
从句的谓语动词多为see, know, expect, say, mention, report等which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感。
My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。
“You can’t judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相。
2020近5年高考全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句(详解与真题)
2020近5年高考全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句（详解与真题）考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难句的分析等1考点聚焦功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后例如：He is the man who studies in USA.本句中涉及到三个概念：1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing 的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom关系副词：when;where;why3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。
2考点精讲1. 关系代词: who;which; that; whom; whose其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况(1) who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语)That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语)(2) which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语）That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语)There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语)(3) that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语）She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语)There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语)(4) whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。
定语从句——备战新高考英语复习语法知识点全面梳理(全国通用)
2. 非限制性定语从句先行词指人时用who.
如何选择关系词：
1. 确定定语从句 2.看先行词是指人还是指物 3. 看从句中缺什么成分（把先行词还原到定语从句中，看先行词在定语从
句中作什么成分 4. 确定关系代词
定语是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子，名词、代词、形 容词 、数词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等都可以作定语。
Guilin is a beautiful city.
China is a developing country.
十
大
There are thirty women teachers in our school.
He is popular with teenagers.
Cai Xukun is a singer who is popular with teenagers.
定语从句：在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
Cai Xukun is a singer who is popular with teenagers.
1.2 关系代词whose
whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物。
1. This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.
Whose composition = the composition of whom = of whom the composition
1.4 关系代词只用who的情况
① People want to listen to someone who is interesting. ② Anyone who breaks the law is punished. ③ The student you should learn from is the one who works hard. ④ Those who break the law are punished. ⑤ He who breaks the law is punished. ⑥The famous film star, who tries to make a comeback, draws a lot of attention.
2020年高考英语语法复习讲义：定语从句
2020;2020年高考英语语法复习讲义：定语从句定语从句定语从句（Attributi高考资源网ve Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
高考真题定语从句语法填空
专题2 定语从句高考真题语法填空版1.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ63) China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___where_________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.2.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ，61)In ancient China lived an artist__whose_______ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.1.(2019·全国Ⅱ62) Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __which_________ she opened with her late husband Les.2.They were well trained by their masters who/that 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. (2019Ⅲ)3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ66)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___that/which_______ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.4.(2018·全国Ⅱ69)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 —when the government started a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.5.(2018·天津，2) Kate, ____whose_____sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.6.Self-driving is an area __where__ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.7.(2018·浙江，57)Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.8.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，44)Her father Peter, wants her to give up school to model full－time.But Sarah，______who__ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.9.(2017·北京，31)The little problems ___that___ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions。
高考英语二轮专题语法总复习-定语从句
高考英语二轮专题总复习语法定语从句1.回顾复习上节课虚拟语气用法：①我要睡觉了。
希望你能将电视机声音调小点。
→②If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you ___ able to write letters in EnglishA. should beB. wereC. must beD. are③Her facial expression suggested that she ___ angry.A. should beB. must beC. wasD. be④We’d rather you___ the account tomorrowA. settledB. settleC. will settleD. would settle⑤if only that photoA. hadn’t missedB. missedC. not missedD. missing2.上节课盲点回顾停下来去喝水→停止喝水→Science→（科学的）→（科学家）该上学了→It is timeIt is time听写单词：3.定语从句的概念Green team（绿队）→Team in green（绿队）→The team who wear in green.(穿绿衣服的队伍)↓↓↓形容词介词短语从句（即为定语从句）▶▶▶▶▶The Attributive Clause→在句子中修饰或限定名词，代词的从句就是定语从句☻The team who先行词4．关系代词的用法：which, who, whom, whose, that4.1 ①These are the trees which / that were planted last year。
②These are the students who won the first place last year.③The runner who you are asking about is over there.④The games which / that the young men competed in were difficult.▶▶▶▶▶归纳总结：在定语从句中当先行词是事物时，那么该从句要用关系代词：引导。
2020届高考高中英语“从句篇”语法专题汇总
高中英语“从句篇”语法专题汇总定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语whom 指人在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物在从句中作定语as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词2、as 的用法（1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个the same…that 表示同一个（2）as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。
Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。
注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。
3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng.二、只用that不用which的情况1、.先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
高考英语二轮语法巩固-《定语从句》专题讲练(含答案)
高考英语二轮语法巩固-《定语从句》专题讲练【正误比对】误区之一关系代词that与which的误用(1)【误】All the books which were borrowed from the library must be returned on time.【正】All the books that were borrowed from the library must be returned on time. [分析] which改为that。
当定语从句的先行词被all, some, any, no, few等修饰时,关系代词用that。
句意:所有从图书馆借出的书必须按时归还。
(2)【误】He lives in the room, the window of that faces the south.【正】He lives in the room, the window of which faces the south.[分析] that 改为which。
在“介词+关系代词”型的定语从句中,指物时,关系代词用which不用that;指人时,关系代词用whom不用which。
表示所有格关系时,一律用whose,the window of which相当于whose window。
(3)【误】Dinner starts with a small dish, that is often called a starter.【正】Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter.[分析] that 改为which。
在非限制性定语从句中,用which而不用that。
误区之二关系代词与关系副词的误用(1)【误】I still remember the days when I spent with farmers in the countryside. 【正】I still remember the days (that/which) I spent with farmers in the countryside. [分析] when改为that/which。
2020届高三语法复习：定语从句(教师版)
2020届高三语法专题复习一：定语从句Ⅰ.定语从句中关系词的选定：方法：确定先行词，并根据它在从句中所充当的成份来选择关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose 或关系副词when,where,why如：(1)The exact year that/which Angela and her family spent together in Paris was2010.(2)I am looking forward to the day when my son can understand my affection for him.(3)Maria settled down in Paris in1998,where three years later,she received her doctor’s degree.(1)Is this factory D you visited last Friday?(2)Is this the factory A you visited last Friday?(3)Is this factory C/B you spent your last summer holidays?小提示：将疑问句转换为陈述句后再完成句子。
句型转变：This is the house whose window broke last night.=This is the house the window of which broke last night.=This is the house of which the window broke last night.对比填空：(1)No drug is free from risk,of which some might be rather serious or even deadly.(2)Last March,a nuclear disaster broke out in Japan,whose shadow was cast over U.S.energy policy.(3)On hearing the adjustment of educational policies,many netizens put up posts,78%of which conveyed the message of approval.注意：1.当先行词为way在从句中做状语时，引导定语从句的关系词可以有三种形式：/;in which;that.2.当先行词为time(次数)并在从句中作状语，引导定语从句的关系词用that(可省略).3.引导定语从句的关系代词who,that,which在从句中作主语时，绝不能省略.4.当定语从句中先行词为case,point,atmosphere,situation,scene,activity,etc且在从句中充当状语，关系副词多用where；而先行词为occasion,times（时候），period,stay,etc则多用when.【题组训练】1.I do n’t like the way that/in which/he treats his parents.2.This is the second time that I have been here.3.Young adults realize what they learnt from the book can’t handle situations that/which appear in reality.4.We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.5.I can think of many cases that/which you know nothing about.6.There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives.7.We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.8.I have few occasions when I can stay with my wife and children.Ⅱ.关系代词that和which的用法1.限制性定语从句中，只用that不用which的情况：(1)先行词为不定代词anything,something,everything,nothing,the one,all,much,little等。
高考英语语法专题备考课件-定语从句
解析：句意：很多小孩在村里都得到了很好的照顾， 他们的父母亲远在大城市里打工。whose 引导非限制性定
语从句。A项their和C项of them不能连接从句，可以排除；
选with whom会导致句意混乱。
答案：B
必修一
英语
解析：先行词是京剧，后面用定语从句修饰。京剧的 风格为我们中大多数人不熟悉，因此选whose。 答案：D
必修一
英语
高考总复习人教版
⑥(安徽)Many children，________ parents are away
working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
必修一
英语
高考总复习人教版
解析：据句意表泛指的 he作先行词，由 who引导定语 从句。不犯错误的人也做不成任何事。故选C。
答案：C
必修一
英语
高考总复习人教版
2．who和whom都可以作从句宾语，但从句中的介词 提前时，不能用who。
这样考过
③(江苏武进区四校联考)She is a helpful neighbor， ________ all of us will always adore and be thankful to. A．/ C．the one whom 答案：D B．that D．one whom
必修一
B．whomever D．those who
英语
高考总复习人教版
②(江苏姜堰中学)—You see，you seem to have done too badly in practicing playing basketball.
2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题7：定语从句(二)
2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析07定语从句（二）考点二“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句“介词+关系代词”在从句中作定语或状语。
能用于这一结构的关系代词只有whom,which, whose三个，whom, which作宾语，whose作定语。
这一结构的中介词由两个方面来确定：与先行词的搭配；与从句谓语动词的搭配。
1. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it usedto charge. （2017江苏）A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how【答案】B【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，排除C、D；“介词+关系代词”中，关系代词不能用that，故选B。
2. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of __________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.（2017江苏）A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. whom【答案】C【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰purpose，故用关系代词whose。
3. Many young people, most _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. （2016江苏）A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，排除B、D；关系代词指代people，故用关系代词whom。
4. Creating an atmosphere ______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. (2015浙江)A. asB. whoseC. in whichD. at which【答案】C【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，关系词在从句中作状语，只能用“介词+关系代词”，先行词是atmosphere，表示“在……氛围中”，应用介词in。
2020近5年高考全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句(详解与真题)
2020近5年高考全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句（详解与真题）考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难句的分析等1考点聚焦功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后例如：He is the man who studies in USA.本句中涉及到三个概念：1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing 的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom关系副词：when;where;why3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。
2考点精讲1. 关系代词: who;which; that; whom; whose其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况(1) who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语)That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语)(2) which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语）That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语)There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语)(3) that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语）She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语)There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语)(4) whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。
2020年上海高考语法专题：定语从句
【课堂练习】
( ) 1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.
A. of which B. by which C. in which
D. from which
解析: 按题意先行词 the direction 用在 come (from) 后构成(from) the direction 在句中作方式状 语，应填 from which。【D】
例 4：( ) The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.
先行词 关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.（状语）
先行词 关系副词
那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 注意：关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等，绝对没有 “what”；关系副词有 where, when, why 等。 （1）关系词常有 3 个作用：
学习目标 掌握定语从句的概念和运用
课前一测：
( ) 1. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where ( ) 2. This is the most beautiful city ______ I’ve ever visited. A. that B. which C. when D. where ( ) 3. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____we visited three months ago? A. where B when C that D what ( ) 4. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______roof is under repair. A whose B which C of which D that ( ) 5. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. which we stayed Key: DACAA
超实用高考英语语法微专题之定语从句讲解及练习学案
高考二轮复习语法微专题——定语从句养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
1.定义：先行词：Tom is my father. My father is a teacher.=Tom is my father who/that is a teacher.____________ 是先行词，____________ 是关系词（起替代先行词的作用）。
Whose= of whichThis is the way___________ helps me a lot.This is the way___________ he tells me.Keys: in which/that/\that/whichthat/which/\当the way 表示通过某种方式=in the way时，关系词用in which/that/\，相当于how,后面句子是完整的。
当the way 做先行词，后面从句缺成分，做主语用that/which，做。
注意reason 用法：The reason _________ he was late for school was unclear.The reason _________ he told me was that he got up late.Keys: why, that/which/\当reason 做先行词，后面从句不缺成分用关系副词why，缺成分用关系代词。
考点04 限制性定语从句-巅峰冲刺江苏省2020年高考英语一轮考点(原卷版)
考点04 限制性定语从句一、【知识精讲】（一）定义1．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
2. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。
定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why。
关系词的作用：1.引导定语从句。
2.代替先行词。
3.在定语从句中担当某一成分。
4．关系词的具体用法表注意：引导定语从句关系词选择的关键：判断定语从句中所缺的成分（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在定语从句中做主语。
如：The boys who are playing football are from Senior Grade One.Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.Mr. Ling is just the boy (whom) I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中也可用who代替，可省略。
The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
The people that/who come to visit the city each year is increasing.Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning?Football is a game that/which is popular all over the world.English is one of the subjects (that/which) I like best.5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
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专题二定语从句热身练习填空练习1. We will meet at the same place ______ we met last month.2. We will meet at the same place ___ we visited last month.3. I will never forget the days _____ we studied together.4. I will never forget the days ______ we spent together.5. The reason ______ he didn’t come was that he was ill.6. The reason _____ he explained is not true.7. This is the most expensive hotel__I have ever stayed.8. This is the most expensive hotel __I have ever stayed in.9. Do you know the author and the books___I mentioned?10. He wins the game, ____makes his mother happy.keys：where that；when, that; why, that; where, that; that; which知识点讲解定语从句:在一个句子中，用一个从句作定语，修饰某一个名词或代词。
She is beautiful girl. （前置修饰）She is a girl who is good at English. （后置修饰）注：1)定语从句：后置修饰，前置翻译2) 先行词：被修饰的词3) 整个句子充当表语成分。
引导词：关系代词和关系副词两大类A.关系代词：从句不完整，引导词在从句中充当一定的成分。
who(人)，whom(人)，which（物），that（人+物），whose（人+物）主格: 关系代词在从句里充当主语He is a man who/that works for the government.HZ is a city that/which is famous for the west lake.宾格：关系代词在从句里充当宾语A true friend is a person with whom we can share happiness and sorrow.This was the house in which my grandma once lived.所有格：关系代词在从句里表示所属关系These children whose parents are working in the cities are independent.We are now in a room whose wall is yellow.I want to live with people whose cultural background is different from mine.定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况1.当先行词是all, none, little, much, any, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时Tom told his mother all that had happened.2.当先行词前面有序数词或形容词最高级等修饰时This is the second book that I can find.This is the best book that I have ever read.3.当先行词被the only，the very等词修饰时This is the very bus that she is waiting for.4.当先行词由人和物共同充当时, 只能用that。
Do you still remember the things and the people that gave you so much joy?5.当主句是以疑问词which或who等开头的特殊疑问句时Which is the hotel that you like best?B、关系副词：从句完整，引导词在从句中不充当成分。
where（地点），when（时间）, why（原因）This is the place where we first met.I will never forget the time when we study together.This is why iPhone is so popular.定语从句分类：限定性和非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句：有逗号，只能不能用that,先行词可以是一个句子Tom, who is only 6, is from China. （先行词和从句间有逗号隔开）I don’t like the TV shows, which are full of advertisements.（不能用that）Tom didn’t pass the exam, which made his mother angry. （指代一个句子巩固练习一、单项选择1.I've become good friends with several of the students in my school _________ I met in theEnglish speech contest last year.A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which2.That’s the new machine ______ parts are to o small to be seen.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. What3.After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling, ______________ turnedout to be a wise decision．A．that B．which C．when D．where4. It is a good idea to ask for a map at the information center, may prove to be very usefulbefore you start your tour of the museum.A. whereB. whichC. whoD. that5.The American films are in the majority at the film festivals, ____ has been common practicefor many years.A. whichB. whatC. asD. where6.As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ___ is named after his grandfather.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. that7.The newly built café, the walls of___ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place forus, specially after hard work.A. thatB. itC. whatD. which8.The old temple ____ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.A. whereB. whichC. itsD. whose9.I refuse to accept the blame for something _____was someone else’s fault.A. whoB. thatC. asD. what10.The scientist made several discoveries, _____.A. which we think are importantB. which we think that is importantC. we think which are importantD. which we think is important11.The university __Mr．Smith teaches is a world-famous one, ____was founded overone hundred years ago．A．where; which B．in which; whereC．that; which D．where; that12.He managed to achieve his goal in a way ______.A. at you thought was impossibleB. that you thought was impossibleC. you thought was impossibleD. in which you thought was impossible13.Children who are not active or _____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A. whatB. whoseC. whichD. that14.In china, the number of cities is increasing ______ development is recognized across the world.A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that15.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _____left their village homes for a better life in the city.A．whom B．which C．them D．those16.Whenever I met her, ____ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. whoB. whichC. whenD. that17.She brought with her three friends, none of _______ I had ever met before.A. themB. whoC. whomD. these18. A person ___ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. whoever19.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ______ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. whichB. of whichC. thatD. whose20.Yesterday she sold her car, ___ she bought a month ago.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which21.The Science Museum, _____ we visited during a recent trip to Britain，is one of London’s tourist attractions.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where22.We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of _____ _ are healthy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom23.His movie won several awards at the film festival, ____ was beyond his wildest dream.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it24.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _____ _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that25.Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, _____ used to be poorly run，is now a successful business.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. where26.Jim passed the driving test，_____ surprised everybody in the office.A. whichB. thatC. thisD. it27.Thousands of Haitians cheered as the Chinese medical team arrived，many of _____ even cried with joy.A. thoseB. themC. whomD. who28.She’s in a hopeless situation, ____ we will keep a very close eye on.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. that29.We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of __are healthy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom30.That is the small house less than 20 square meters, under ___ roof lives a large family of three generations.A. whichB. whoseC. itsD. that31.On the top of the mountain stands an old temple, inside _____ is an old tower.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where32.Many children，_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.A. theirB. whoseC. of themD. with whomputer is so useful a machine ____ we can use everywhere.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what34.Northern Ireland is filled with talented writers and poets, some of _______ have established themselves within the world of literature.A. themB. whichC. whomD. these35.The house, ____ were damaged, is being repaired now.A. the windowsB. whose the windowsC. the windows of whichD. which the windows36.I enjoyed very much the three years ___ it had taken me to study English at school.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. how37.As the financial crisis bites deep, some small factories ______ are struck most try to reduce their losses by laying off workers.A. whatB. whereC. in whichD. which38.The residents were warned of high temperatures and strong winds forecast for Friday, ____ _could make the still-burning wildfires more dangerous.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where39.We went to Mountain Tai last weekend, ____, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors. A．that B．which C．where D．when40.China got 165 gold medals in the Asian Games in Doha，_____, of course，made the whole nation excited.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where41.Though there are many Chinese _____ have heard of the Great Wall，many of whom haven’t been there yet.A. asB. whoC. butD. that42.Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm _____ few residents had ever experienced before.A. asB. whichC. and it wasD. that43.Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose44.The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ____ she would stay for an hour.A whereB whoC whichD what45.—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?—You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.A. asB. whichC. whereD. that46.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. ifB. whenC. whichD. since47.Mozart’s birthplace and the house ____ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now.A. whereB. whenC. thereD. which48.She’ll never forget her stay t here _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when49.It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where50.—What do you think of teacher, Bob？—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job __ you are doing something serious but interesting.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that二、翻译练习1. 好朋友就是能和你分享快乐和忧伤的人。