【2019-2020】高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点2词性转换、比较等级和
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点3小词不可忽视_冠词介词数词和代
小词不可忽视-冠词、介词、数词和代词第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·长郡中学新高三实验班选拔考试) Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years. They may vary from place to place and time to time，but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people， __1. causing__ (cause) a far－reaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives. The traditional Chinese marriage usually __2. involves__ (involve) some necessary procedures，such as match－making，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows. __3. In__ addition，a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this—when a new couple is engaged， __4. what__ follows is a __5. choice__ (choose) of the date of their marriage.Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends __6. to attend__ (attend) the wedding. However，quite a few others，especially __7. those__ in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”. The wedding ceremony is usually hosted __8. warmly__ (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with __9. a__ unique banquet. Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life，everlasting love and happiness，early birth of a __10. healthy__ (health) baby and so on.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的婚俗习惯。
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点4经常考查的并列句和三
经常考查的并列句和三大从句提分单句训练Ⅰ. 单句填空❶(2018·北京东城区二模)Nobody can go back and start a new beginning， __but__ anyone can start now and make a new ending.解析：考查连词。
空格前的句意为“没有人可以回到过去重新开始”，空格后的句意为“谁都可以从现在开始做个新的结束”，所以前后句是转折的关系，故填but。
❷(2018·天津)Kae， __whose__ sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.解析：考查定语从句关系词。
句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。
我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。
分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister 的定语，故用关系代词whose。
练有小得：分析定语从句需抓住两点：1. 找准先行词；2. 看先行词在从句中所作的成分。
抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
❸(2018·合肥三模)The ninth day of the ninth month is the day that has two “yang” numbers，and “chong” in Chinese means double，which is __how__ the name “Chongyang” came into being.解析：考查名词性从句。
句意：这就是重阳这个名字如何形成的。
________ the name “Chongyang” came into being在句中作表语，从句中缺少方式状语，故用how引导宾语从句。
❹(2018·威海二模)As a local saying goes：“If you cannot find someone，he or she is either playing mahjong __or__ on the way to play mahjong. ”解析：考查连词。
高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点1动词形式最常考“谓”与“非谓”要辨
6．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _u_s_i_n_g___ (use)electric equipment.
解析：句意：我听见我后面有个乘客冲着司机大喊，但司机坚持要到下一 站才停车。refuse to do sth. “拒绝做某事”。
8．(2017·江苏卷)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help __s_h_a_p_e_/t_o_s_h_a_p_e_____(shape) your year ahead.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models wants ___to__p_r_o_v_e___(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty
解析：句意：但是已和其他超模一起走过各种秀场的萨拉想证明自己智慧 与美貌并存。want to do sth. “想要做某事”
素能强化
真题体验
正面解读增分语法填空 考法1 非谓语动词作宾语——句型公式法 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt； by ___e_a_ti_n_g___ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 解析：句意：通过吃更多快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过他们所需的脂肪 和盐分。介词by之后接动名词作宾语，表示“通过做某事”，表方式。
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点4经常考查的并列句和三
the week after.
that/which引导定语从句。
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13．(2017·浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probable got
where swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden， ________it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it. 解析：分析句子可知，逗号前的句子意义完整，所以空格处引导非限制性 定语从句。考生很容易受前面的先行词 garden的影响误填which。引导非限制性
语法填空和短文改错
9．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a when TV show in the mid － 1980s ， ________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 解析：句意：但是我和熊猫的关系追溯到20世纪80年代中期，我拍摄一个
2019高考(押题)英语二轮复习 600分策略 专题4 语法填空和短文改错 第1讲 语法必备 重点3 小词不可忽视-冠
小词不可忽视-冠词、介词、数词和代词第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·长郡中学新高三实验班选拔考试) Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years. They may vary from place to place and time to time，but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people， __1. causing__ (cause) a far－reaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives. The traditional Chinese marriage usually __2. involves__ (involve) some necessary procedures，such as match－making，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows. __3. In__ addition，a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this—when a new couple is engaged， __4. what__ follows is a __5. choice__ (choose) of the date of their marriage.Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends __6. to attend__ (attend) the wedding. However，quite a few others，especially __7. those__ in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”. The wedding ceremony is usually hosted __8. warmly__ (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with __9. a__ unique banquet. Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life，everlasting love and happiness，early birth of a __10. healthy__ (health) baby and so on.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的婚俗习惯。
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点4经常考查的并列句和三大从句课件
解析：句意：是她有一个新宝宝的时候了，也是小熊猫独立的时候了。
两个完整的独立的句子应该用连词相连。上下句之间为并列关系，故用and。并 列连词可以连接平行的词、短语或句子。
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when 4．(2015·广东卷)One day，the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily.
解析：句意：一天，这头奶牛正在吃草，突然下起了大雨。be doing sth...
when... 是固定结构，意为“正在做某事……这时……”，when是并列连词。意 为“这时……”。
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as 5．(2014·辽宁卷)It asks you to act like water； to be flexible as well ______
strong. 解析： 句意：它要求你表现得像水一样；柔韧又坚强。 as well as“ 以 及；和”，是固定短语。用来连接两个并列成分，作用相当于and。 but 6．(2014·广东卷)Our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week， ______for
a few months.
解析：句意：但是河流不是几天甚至几个月就改变了的。根据but及句意 判断，此处要填一个表示递进含义的词，故用or。or even“甚至”。 and 3．(2016·四川卷)It was time for her to have a new baby， ______it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
2019高考英语二轮复习 600分策略 专题4 语法填空和短文改错 第1讲 语法必备 重点1 动词形
动词形式最常考，“谓”与“非谓”要辨清考点1 千变万化的谓语动词第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·河南省豫北名校高三上学期质量评估) Lanzhou beef noodle is one of China’s most representative flour－made foods while pasta (意大利面食) is one famous Western fancy food. An event，“When Lanzhou beef noodle meets pasta” ， __1. connecting__ (connect) city food cultures，was held at the Beijing Ritz－Carlton Hotel on October 11，2017 to show the interaction.Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its __2. tasty__ (taste) beef，soup and noodles. Lanzhou is also qualified as __3. the__ hometown of Chinese beef noodle. __4. As__ one major city along the ancient Silk Road，Lanzhou has witnessed the efforts of our ancestors and their achievements of developing the Silk Road，according to Zhang Hui，deputy director with the Publicity Department of the CPC Committee of Lanzhou.Lanzhou’s cooking culture __5. has developed__ (develop) its own time－honored characteristics over the years. The event will make Lanzhou beef noodle well－known not only across Lanzhou， __6. but__ across the world through the Belt and Road Initiative thanks to the __7. participation__ (participate) of the two countries’noodle masters. It will also improve cultural exchanges，Zhang added. Lanzhou people would like to work with friends at home and abroad __8. to promote__ (promote) the development of cooking and we __9. sincerely__ (sincere) hope more cultural exchanges of this kind __10. will be held__ (hold) in Italy and Lanzhou in the future.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。
【2019-2020】高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第2讲语法填空素能强化
【2019-2020】高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第2讲语法填空素能强化真题题组1(2017·全国Ⅰ)1. as__ a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side __2. effectsFat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required __3. to process__ (process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt __4. are removed__ (remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something. As __5. a__ result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even __6. worse__ (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food __7. is__ (be) full of fat and salt；by __8. eating__ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However，be __9. careful__ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，__10. which__ is not good for the health.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一种低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们健康的影响。
2019高考英语二轮复习 600分策略 专题4 语法填空和短文改错 第3讲 短文改错素能强化
短文改错真题题组1(2018·全国Ⅲ)It was Monday morning ，and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent ，wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity ；others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework ，but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment ，I remembered that my father once said ，“The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from tex tbooks ，and mistake as well. ” Immediate，I raised my hand.答案：It was Monday morning ，and the writing class had just begin begun. Everyone was silent ，wait waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and orher paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager ∧to take part in the class activity ；others were nervousand anxious. I had done myself my/thehomework ，but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger largegroup of people. At that moment ，I remembered that my father once said ，“The classroom is a place for learning and that include includeslearning from textbooks ，and mistake mistakes as well. ” Immediate Immediately，I raised my hand. 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，描写了作者在写作课上的心理活动。
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点3小词不可忽视_冠词介
小词不可忽视-冠词、介词、数词和代词Ⅰ. 单句填空❶(2018·龙岩二模)The local drama “Huiban” was popular in South China during the __eighteenth/18th__ (eighteen) century.解析：考查数词。
设空前是定冠词the，设空后是名词century，表在“几世纪”，应用序数词。
❷(2018·银川一中三模)Zhang Xiaoquan Scissors are produced in Hangzhou City，__the__ provincial capital of Zhejiang Province in East China.解析：考查冠词。
句意：张小泉剪刀产于杭州市。
杭州是华东浙江省的省会城市。
该处特指杭州是浙江省的省会城市，应用定冠词the。
❸(2018·龙岩二模)It is the most well－known Chinese opera form，recognized as “Oriental Opera” __with__ a long history of 160 years.解析：考查介词。
句意：它是最著名的中国戏剧形式，被认为是有着160年历史的东方戏剧。
表“有多长时间的历史”，应用with a history of. . . 。
❹(2017·石家庄考前模拟)Sugar paintings are made of melted brown or white sugar，with which craftsmen can paint __a__ variety of animals and flowers.解析：考查冠词。
设空与空后的variety of构成固定短语，a variety of，意为“各种各样的”。
❺(2018·黄冈二模)If we are not aware __of__ these differences，some unusual things might happen.解析：考查介词。
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点2词性转换比较等级和名
的”。 amazed 意为“吃惊的”，用以说明人的心理感受或修饰与人有关的名
词，如 appearance( 外表 ) ， look( 神情 ) ， expression( 表情 ) ， smile( 微笑 ) ， voice( 嗓 音)等。
11．(2017·浙江卷)But something made her look closer，and she noticed a
recently 12．(2016·四川卷)Chinese scientists ____________ (recent) had a chance to
study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. 解析：句意：中国科学家最近有机会研究一个野生雌性大熊猫和它的小宝 宝。设空在句中修饰谓语动词 had ，应用副词作状语：故填 recently ，意为“最 近”。
名词。
考法2 考查比较等级——利用标志词确定比较级
worse 14．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even ________(bad) ，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 解析：句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。设空前是比较级 修饰语 Even ，故设空处应填比较级。注意 bad/badly 的比较级和最高级分别是
earlier 18．(2017·浙江卷)Sixteen years __________(early) ，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal. 解析：句意：十六年前，帕拉森取下钻石戒指做饭。表示“……之前”， 应用early的比较级earlier。 练有小得：early(adj. & adv. )是高考语法填空和短文改错的高频考点，所以
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点4经常考查的并列句和三大从句ppt
名师点津
• 名师点津 • 1．确定是定语从句 • 设空处无提示词，而设空前的主句完整；设空后的句子不完 且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，考虑填定语从句关系
• 2．掌握3步法解题技巧 • 第1步：分清限制与非限制 • 在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。 • ①that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 • ②which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内 which意为“这一点”。 • ③as引导非限制性定语从句，可放句中或句首，意为“正如 其后的谓语动词多是be seen，be known，be reported，be mentioned，be said，is often the case等。
12．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Maybe you havethaat/whhaibchit
______________ is driving your family crazy.
• 解析：句意：可能你有一种让家人发疯的习惯。分析句子结 可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是a habit；关系词在从句中 主语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
• 10．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the grea C47h9inBe．seC．sch，wohilnoafrluCeonncfeudcituhse，d_e__v_e_l_oplivmeednftroomf chrooupgshtilcyk5s.51 t
• 解析：句意：有些人认为中国的伟大圣贤孔子，大约生活在 元前551—479年，对筷子影响很大。根据句意可知，空格后lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C．，是一个非限制性定语从句， 行词Confucius指人，故需用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第2讲语法填空课件
• ❹ 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境知这里用一般现在时 主语it是第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词用is。
• ❺ 解析：考查介词。根据句中的比较级more effective可知， 里是把running与walking，cycling，swimming进行比较，故填 than。
名师点津
• 语法填空题是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部 空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白 所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式。语法填空的语 材料为短文。文体为记叙文、说明文或者议论文。词汇难度不超 课标考纲，但有课标词汇的派生词。
• 近年来课标全国卷都有7个小题提供单词的基本形式，其余3个小 由考生依据对语篇的理解来填入语意通顺、语法正确的单词。考 需在正确理解文章主旨大意的基础上，关注语境中词汇、句子和 个篇章结构之间的联系，填写出所需要的单词或者单词的正确形 其中，给出提示词的考查内容为：①动词；②名词；③形容词、 词；④构词法等。不给出提示词的考查内容为：①主从复合句； 并列连词；③代词；④冠词；⑤介词等。
• ❸ 解析：考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。修饰be behind t change用形容词actual的副词形式actually。
• ❹ 解析：考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此处表示“政府鼓励 民种植玉米而不是水稻来改善水质”，故用不定式作目的状语。
• ❺ 解析：考查介词。由句中的比较级less可知，此处将玉米和 稻进行比较，故填than。
• According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 3 percent of total 7. __________ (globe) fertilizer cgolnobsaulmption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the governmesntatrte8d. ___________
2019高考英语二轮复习 600分策略 专题4 语法填空和短文改错 第1讲 语法必备 重点4 经常考查的并列句和三大
development of chopsticks. 解析：句意：有些人认为中国的伟大圣贤孔子，大约生活在公元前551—
479年，对筷子影响很大。根据句意可知，空格后lived from roughly 551 to 479
B．C．，是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词Confucius指人，故需用关系代词
who引导非限制性定语从句。
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11．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place g the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ____th_a_t_/w__h_ic_h___
填关系代词that/which。
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专题四
语法填空和短文改错
12．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Maybe you have a habit t_h_a_t/_w_h_i_c_h______ is driving your family crazy.
及；和”，是固定短语。用来连接两个并列成分，作用相当于and。
6．(2014·广东卷)Our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week， _b_u_t___for
the week after.
解析：句意：我们的房间预订的不是那一周，而是后一周。根据前面的
2019高考英语二轮复习 600分策略 专题4 语法填空和短文改错 第1讲 语法必备 重点1 动词形式最常考,“谓”
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models wants ___to__p_r_o_v_e___(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty
解析：句意：但是已和其他超模一起走过各种秀场的萨拉想证明自己智 慧与美貌并存。want to do sth. “想要做某事”。
解析：句意：公交站有很多人在等车，他们中有些人看上去非常焦虑和 失望。在句中作系动词looked的表语，说明people的心理感受，应用以－ed形式 结尾的分词，故填disappointed，意为“失望的”。
16．(2017·浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got __s_w_e_p_t__ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
考法3 非谓语动词作主语和表语——成分分析法 14．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)It took years of work ____to__r_ed_u_c_e____ (reduce) the
industrial pollution and clean the water. 解析：句意：减பைடு நூலகம்工业污染的净化河水需要多年的工作。it takes/took... to do
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends,16－year－old Sarah is not spending half－term ___re_s_ti_n_g___(rest).
解析：句意：但是和她的学校朋友不同，16岁的萨拉不是用半个学期休 息。spend time doing sth。“花费时间做某事”，动名词作宾语。
2019高考英语二轮复习 600分策略 专题4 语法填空和短文改错 第2讲 语法填空素能强化
语法填空真题题组1(2017·全国Ⅰ) There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) __1. as__ a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side __2. effects__ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required __3. to process__ (process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt __4. are removed__ (remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something. As __5. a__ result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even __6. worse__ (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food __7. is__ (be) full of fat and salt；by __8. eating__ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However，be __9. careful__ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，__10. which__ is not good for the health.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一种低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们健康的影响。
2019年高考英语二轮复习 600分策略 专题4 语法填空和短文改错 第3讲 短文改错素能强化
短文改错真题题组1 (2018·全国Ⅲ)It was Monday morning ，and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent ，wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity ；others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework ，but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment ，I remembered that my father once said ，“The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks ，and mistake as well. ” Immediate，I raised my hand.答案：It was Monday morning ，and the writing class had just begin begun . Everyone was silent ，wait waitingto see who would be called upon to read his and orher paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager ∧to take part in the class activity ；others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself my/thehomework ，but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger largegroup of people. At that moment ，I remembered that my father once said ，“The classroom is a place for learning and that include includes learning from textbooks ，and mistake mistakes as well. ” Immediate Immediately，I raised my hand. 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，描写了作者在写作课上的心理活动。
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【2019-2020】高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点2词性转换、比较等级和名词的数素能强化第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联合考试) The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments. The WHO wants them to work together __1. to develop__ (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria. These bacteria __2. are__ (be) able to resist __3. powerful__ (power) antibiotic(抗生素) drugs. The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name “superbug”.The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human __4. health__ (healthy). It said they have __5. the__ ability to easily turn treatable infections into killers. The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material __6. that/whichMarie－Paule Kieny is the Assistant Director－General at the WHO. She said，“Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out __7. of8. urgently__ (urgent)need are not going to be developed in time，” she said.Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount __9. required__ (require) by doctors. When this happens，infections that __10. were treated文章大意：本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。
❶解析：考查非谓语动词。
此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to develop。
❷解析：考查动词时态。
此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“These bacteria”可知，应填are。
❸解析：考查形容词。
此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。
❹解析：考查名词。
介词后跟名词、代词或动词－ing形式作宾语。
human health意为”人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。
❺解析：考查冠词。
ability被不定式短浯“to easily turn treatable infections into killers”所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。
❻解析：考查定语从句。
that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词genetic material 。
❼ 解析：考查介词。
固定搭配run out of 意为“用完”，故填介词of 。
❽ 解析：考查副词。
副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。
故此处应用副词urgently 修饰动词need 。
❾ 解析：考查非谓语动词。
分析句子结构可知，require 和amount 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
○10 解析：考查动词时态和语态。
根据时间状语“at one time”可知，treat 所表示的动作发生在过去，且动词treat 和infections 是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
Ⅱ. 短文改错(2018·豫北名校高三上学期质量评估)After the supermarket cashier added to my groceries ，it was $12 over what I had on me. I am about to remove items embarrassed from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 not e. “Please don’t put yourself out ，” I told him. “Let me tell you story ，” he said. “My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of flower. I went this morning ，and she got very much angry with me for spend my money on more flowers. She demanded that I did something else with that money. But ，here ，please accept this. It ’s your mother ’s flowers. ”答案：After the supermarket cashier added to upmy groceries, it was $12 over what I had on me. I am was about to remove items embarrassed embarrassedlyfrom the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note. “Please don’t put yourself out ，” I told him. “Let me tell you ∧astory ，” he said. “My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of flower flowers. I went this morning, and she got very much angry with me for spend spending my money on more flowers. She demanded that I did do something else with that money. But So ， here, please accept this. It ’s your mymother ’s flowers. ”❶ 解析：to 改为up 。
超市收银员累加(add up)“我”购买的食品杂货后，其总价钱比“我”所带的钱还要多12美元。
add to 表示“添加”，add up“把……加起来”，故此处应把to 改为up 。
❷ 解析：am 改为was 。
此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
❸ 解析：embarrassed 改为embarrassedly 。
此处用副词em barrassedly“尴尬地”来修饰动词remove。
❹解析：story前加a。
story为可数名词，且此处表示泛指，story的发音以辅音音素开头，故需加冠词a。
❺解析：flower改为flowers。
根据flower是可数名词可知，此处应用其复数形式。
a bunch of flowers“一束花”。
❻解析：删除angry前的much。
此处修饰形容词angry，应用very，much多余。
❼解析：spend改为spending。
介词后应使用动名词作宾语。
❽解析：did改为do。
de mand“要求”后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词使用“should＋do”的形式，其中should可以省略。
故把did改为do。
❾解析：But改为So。
根据语境可知，此处表示结果，故把But改为So。
10解析：your改为my。
根据语境可知，此处指“我妈妈的花”，故把your改为my。
○第二组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2017年11月浙江高考)Easy Ways to Build VocabularyIt’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life，it’s __1. an__ ongoing process，and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement， __2. which__ means yon’ll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few __3. months__ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough __4. for__ the rest of your life，and that’s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.One of the __5. effective__ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to __6. really__ (real) read at least one good book a week，preferably a classic. This isn’t as hard as it __7. sounds__ (sound)，and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while __8. reading__ (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and __9. their__ (they) use unconsciously，meaning that you will tend to use the words __10. learned/learnt__ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.文章大意：本文主要讲述了积累词汇的一些方法。