【最高考】2015高考英语语法精讲+精练:专题八+定语从句常考点
2015年高考定语从句考点大盘点
2015 年高考定语从句考点大清点定语从句是中学英语语法中的一个重要项目,也是高考英语每年考察的要点和热门。
2015 年高考也对定语从句进行了考察,且主要考察关系代词指引的定语从句、关系副词引导的定语从句、关系代词 as 和 which 指引的非限制性定语从句以及“介词 +关系代词”指引的定语从句。
下边我们详细来看这四大考点。
当先行词是表示人或物的名词、名词短语或代词,并在从句中充任主语、宾语、表语或定语成分时,应采用关系代词指引定语从句。
当关系代词指人时要用 who (宾格用whom )或 that ,指物时要用 which 或 that 。
当关系代词在定语从句中作定语时,则不论指人仍是指物,都可用whose 。
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
一同来看两道真题。
①T he books on the desk, ______ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. ( 2015 年四川卷)A. whichB. whatC. whoseD. that剖析可知, ______ covers are shiny 是定语从句,先行词为 the books ,其与 covers (封面)之间存在所属关系,说明关系代词在定语从句中要作定语,应选whose 。
题干句意为:桌上的那些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面闪闪发光。
Whose 在定语从句中充任名词的定语,组成“whose + 名词”的形式,既能够表示“某人的”,又能够表示“某物的”,此时题干最明显的特色是空格后的名词缺乏限制词。
因此,当定语从句中的主语前方显然缺乏限制词,且先行词与定语从句的主语组成所属关系时,则不论先行词指人仍是指物,第一考虑whose。
需要说明的是,“whose +名词”相当于“ the +名词 + of which ”或“of which + the + 名词”,比方:I live in a room whose window (= the window of which/ofwhich the window ) opens to the south. (我住在一间窗户朝南的房屋里。
高考定语从句相关知识点
高考定语从句相关知识点高考是对学生长时间学习成果的总结,其中英语是必考科目之一。
而在英语中,定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点。
掌握定语从句的用法和特点对于高考英语的高分至关重要。
本文将系统地介绍高考定语从句的相关知识点。
一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,用来进一步说明或限定名词或代词的意义。
它在句中具有形容词的作用,起到修饰限定的作用。
在高考中,定语从句常常出现在阅读理解和完形填空题中。
二、引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中,关系代词和关系副词用来引导从句,并起到连接作用。
常见的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose。
而关系副词则有:when, where, why。
关系代词that在定语从句中用得非常普遍,它既可以指人又可以指物,常用来引导限制性定语从句。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.关系代词which主要指物,用来引导非限制性定语从句。
例如:My car, which is red, broke down yesterday.关系代词who和whom主要指人,who做主语,whom做宾语。
例如:The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend. This is the boy whom I met at the party.关系代词whose用来表示所有关系,修饰名词或代词。
例如:She is the woman whose husband is a doctor.关系副词when用来引导时间状语从句,where用来引导地点状语从句,why用来引导原因状语从句。
例如:I will never forget the day when we met. This is the house where we used to live. I don't know the reason why he didn't come to the party.三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句在定语从句中,根据是否能够删除而分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
高中英语语法高考定语从句讲解与练习讲义
定语从句定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。
被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
一、定语从句重点备考考点1:关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的运用以及that和which的区别使用。
考点2:定语从句与强调句和同位语从句的区别。
考点3:“介词+关系代词”与关系词whose和which作定语的区别。
如:whose book =the book of whom等;关系副词when,where,why和“介词+which”之间的关系。
考点4:关系副词、关系代词的区别运用。
近几年来,关系词where引导的不表示具体真实地点的定语从句是常考的热点,要着重复习。
二、一眼看穿定语从句(1)定语从句中缺一成分,缺的这个成分就是先行词。
(2)在所有的从句中,只有定语从句中缺成分。
如果从句中却成分,那一定是定语从句。
(3)定语从句和主句之间没有连词,但是有关系词,相当于连词,起连词的作用。
也就是说,在两个句子之间存在连词的话,就一定不是定语从句。
做题独家秘笈:不用专门去背什么时候只能用that不能用which,什么时候又只能用which 不能用that。
做题时确定是that和which二选一之时,只要空格前没有“逗号”和“介词”那就选填that。
练习一、过关斩将1. I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers,has a great effect on my life.A. that, whichB. when, whichC. which, thatD. when, who2. I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.A. when, whichB. which, whenC. what, thatD. on which, when3. Is this the house Jim was born?A. at whereB. whichC. in whichD. at that4. Is this house Jim bought last year?A. thatB. whereC. the oneD. which that5. The house roof was damaged has now been repaired.A. thatB. of whichC. whoseD. who’s二、前世今生1. I will never forget the day I came to Princeton High School on.I will never forget the day I came to Princeton High School.2. Princeton High School is the school I am studying in.Princeton High School is the school I am studying.3. Could you tell me the reason you are late for?Could you tell me the reason you are late?三、藕断丝连1. This is the very knife which I used to cut apples.2. The speed which you drive your car mustn’t too high.3. He referred me to some reference books which I am not very familiar.4. She gave us a lovely lesson which all the students are very interested.5. What were the things which he was not too sure?四、似是而非1. I miss the time we spent together.I miss the time there is no homework.2. The room I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.The room he once lived is still there.3. The reason I don’t know is known to him.The reason I don’t know the thing is that I was not there then.五、小试牛刀1. (2017北京) The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. thatB. asC. whereD. when2. (2017天津) My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. thatB. whoseC. hisD. who3. (2017江苏) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _____ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. whichB. it’sC. whoseD. whom4. (2016全国Ⅰ) My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter.5. (2016·全国Ⅱ,阅读A) Simon is a comedian and actor ________has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy.6. (2016·全国Ⅱ,阅读D) Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of ________have never before been published.7. (2016·全国Ⅲ) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C, influenced the development of chopsticks.8. (2016·全国Ⅲ,完形) When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant beating out Miller King, ________was the best player at our school.六、融会贯通在设空处填入一个适当的关系代词或关系副词,使文章结构完整,语意通顺。
高考英语 定语从句考点讲解
定语从句一、定义及特点:在复合句中用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
其特点是定语从句的引导词是先行词的替身,既起联系作用,同时又充当定语从句的一个成分,所以掌握定语从句的关键在于:弄清楚其先行词的所指、所作成分和可否省略。
二、分类及区别:定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
它们的区别有四点:1、从重要性上看:限制性定语从句在整个句子中比较重要,省去后会影响整个句子意思的表达;而非限制性定语从句则反之。
2、从句子形式上看:限制性定语从句的引导词前面无逗号,而非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有逗号。
3、从引导词上看:that,wh可以引导限制性定语从句,但却不可以引导非限制性定语从句。
4、从引导词可否省略上看:在限制性定语从句中作宾语的引导词可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中的引导词无论作什么成分都不可以省略。
三、用法(详解)一、限制性定语从句的用法:(一)关系代词引导的定语从句。
1、关系代词that,which,who,whom,whoe,a引导的定语从句的用法。
⑴that可以指人,也可以指事物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可以省略)。
如:Whoi the man that i reading a newe here⑤当先行词被the ver,the on,the at修饰时,只能用that。
如:It i the ver boo that I am ooing for⑥当主句主语为what, who,which开头的特殊疑问句时,只能用that。
如:Who i the bo that wa here ut nowWhich i the bie that ou ot⑦主句是There/Here be结构时,当主语指物时,修饰其主语的定语从句用that引导;同时,定语从句部分是there be…句型时,也只能用that引导。
如:There i ti a eat that i freeHe a for a boo that there i on the ubect⑧当句子中有两个以上从句,其中一个已经用了which时,只能用that。
2015年英语高考定语从句完美版
定语从句定语是用来修饰限定名词,代词说明其性质,特征和状态的。
定语从句是一个句子充当一个形容词的作用,在句中修饰名词和代词。
A man who doesn't go to the Great Wall is not a true man.He who is ashamed of asking is ashamed of learning.The meeting that you missed yesterday was very important.Failure is the sauce that gives success its flavor.我们把定语从句所修饰的名词叫做先行词。
定语从句也是从句,从句必须有其引导词。
定语从句的引导词可以分为两类:关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词有:先行词是人的时候用who, whom, that; 先行词是物的时候用which, that 关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略关系副词有:when, where, why关系代词在关系代词中that 比较特殊,可以指人也可以指物。
因此我们要围绕that 讲一下定语从句关系代词用法。
不能用that的情况:1. 非限制定语从句2. 先行词是指人的不定代词(如:one, ones, anyone, those)要用who/whomAnyone who breaks the law should be punish ed.The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.3. 如果关系代词紧跟在介词后,不用who或是that,只用whom和which,且不能省略This is the house in which I lived two years ago.几种特殊的引导词:1. as 当先行词前有such, the same 修饰时,通常用as,可以作主语,宾语,表语,通常不省略Don’t read such books as will do harm to you.I bought the same dictionary as you bought yesterday.例题: Beijing was attack ed by such a terrible sandstorm _____ few citizen s had ever experience d before.A. asB. thatC. whichD. and注意:such…as和such…that的区别such…that 引导的是一个结果状语从句,翻译成为“如此…以至于”, 而在such…as中,as 就是关系代词,指代前文出现的先行词,和其它关系代词一样,没有任何翻译。
高考英语二轮专题复习 专题八 定语从句
.
考点四:“介词+关系代词”中介词的判断方法。 “介词+关系代词”中的介词由先行词或从句的谓语动 词来决定,即介词通常和先行词或从句谓语动词构成搭配。如: This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年 前住过的房子。 本句中介词与从句的谓语动词 live 构成搭配。 Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?还 记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗? 本句中介词与先行词构成搭配。
.
(4)先行词被 the very,the only,just 等词修饰时,定语从 句只能用 that 引导。
(5)关系词作从句的表语时,定语从句只能用 that 引导。 (6)主句中有 which,who 时,为了避免重复,定语从句只 能用 that 引导。
.
2.先行词指物时,定语从句只能用 which 引导的情况: (1)非限制性定语从句只能用 which 引导。如: The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性) The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。 (2)关系词在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词前置时,定语 从句只能用 which 引导。 (3)主句中有 that 时,为避免重复,定语从句通常用 which 引导。
高考定语从句知识点归纳
高考定语从句知识点归纳在中学生的学习过程中,高考定语从句是一个重要的语法知识点。
它是英语语法中的一个重要内容,也是高考中经常考察的题型之一。
了解和掌握高考定语从句的知识点对于学生能够在高考中取得好成绩具有重要意义。
本文将对高考定语从句的知识点进行归纳,帮助大家更好地理解和应用这一知识。
定语从句是一个修饰名词或代词的句子,在句子中充当定语的作用。
它通常由关系词(that、which、who、whom、whose等)引导。
定语从句主要有三种类型:限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和倒装定语从句。
首先来看限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句是最常见的一种定语从句形式。
它对所修饰的名词或代词进行了限制,使得名词或代词的含义更加明确。
限制性定语从句通常由that、which、who、whom引导。
其中,that主要用于指物,which主要用于指物,who主要用于指人,whom则用于指人作宾语。
限制性定语从句的位置一般是紧跟被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
)接下来是非限制性定语从句。
非限制性定语从句用来对所修饰的名词或代词进行进一步的解释或补充信息,并且与主句之间使用逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句通常由关系代词which或关系副词when、where、why引导。
这种定语从句一般用于描述事物的性质、特征或状态。
例如:My sister, who is a teacher, loves children.(我的姐姐是一个教师,她喜欢孩子。
)最后是倒装定语从句。
倒装定语从句位于被修饰的名词或代词之前,整个定语从句都做主语。
通常情况下,倒装定语从句由表地点、方式、原因、目的的状语引导,且常用连词地位的介词+which引导。
例如:In the garden stands a tree, round which we used to play.(花园里有一棵树,我们过去在它旁边玩耍。
高考定语从句八个考点
高考定语从句八个考点(总9页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--高考定语从句八个考点定语从句是英语学习的一个重要语法项目,也是历年高考在具体的语境中考查考生灵活运用知识能力的一个重点。
为了帮助同学们更好地掌握这一语法项目,本文结合近几年的高考试题,分析、探究定语性从句的考查,对其考查归纳为以下八个考点。
一、考查非限制性定语从句中的which在非限制性定语从句中,which既起连接的作用,又在从句中充当一定的句子成分(主语、宾语或表语);放在主句之后,指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容。
【经典题赏析】1. My friend showed me round the town, _______was very kind of him.(09全国卷II)A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it解析:本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词的用法,选项中只有which可指代前面一个句子,并引导从句;it虽然可代替前面句子,但不能起连接的作用,故答案为A。
2. The Science Museum, _______we visited during a recent trip to Britain, isone of London’s tourist attractions. (08江苏)A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where解析:引导非限制性定语从句时,which在从句中可以作宾语,指代主句的主语“The Science Museum”,而where只能作状语。
故答案为A。
3. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now asuccessful business. (07浙江)A. thatB. whichC. whoD. where解析:该题逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,所以选项范围应是关系代词,排除掉关系副词where;而that不可以引导非限制性定语从句, 只有which可指代前面的China’s restaurant。
超实用高考英语专题复习:专题 08---定语从句专题(含高考真题)
超实用高考英语专题复习:专题08定语从句专题距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【课前练习】(4minutes)一.单句语法填空1.[2020全国Ⅲ,61]In ancient China lived an artist________ paintings were almost lifelike.2.[2020江苏,21]Many lessons are now available online,from___________students can choose for free.3.[2019 天津,11]Their child is at the stage _________she can say individual words but not full sentences.4.[2018 全国I,66]Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_______showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.5.[2018浙江,57]Many westerners___________come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.6.[2017乙卷(全国I),70]Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,__________is not good for the health.二.单句填空1.Yesterday she sold her car,__she bought a month ago.A.whomB.whereC. thatD.which2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week._the weather may be better.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when3.I walked in our garden,_Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.A.whichB.whenC.whereD. that4.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of________left their village homes for a better life in the city. A.whom B.which C.them D.those5.Gun control is a subject____Americans have argued for a long time.A.of whichB.with whichC. about whichD.into which三.划出下列句子中的定语从句1.The exact year which Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2019安徽)2.Among the many dangers, which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.(2014江西)一.判断定语从句1.识别和划出定语从句(1)识别定语a clever/handsome boy the polluted water fallen leavesthe cat behind the door the girl standing under the tree stories in the Long March二.概念定语从句:在复合句中起形容词作用,作定语,修饰名词或代询的从句叫定语从句。
高考英语总复习 语法专项 专题8 定语从句 新人教版
主语、宾 语、表语 主语、宾 语、表语
适用从句类型
关系词的意义
限制性
限制性或非限制性 限制性或非限制性
无固定词义,随 先行词而变化
限制性或非限制性
限制性或非限制性
限制性
像……的;凡 是……的;…… 一类的
非限制性
正如;像
非限制性
这;这一点
一二三四
关系词 类型
关系词
先行词类型
关系词作用
适用从句类型
关系词的意 义
when 时间
关系 副词
where
地点
状语 状语
限制性或非 限制性
限制性或非 限制性
无固定词 义,随先行 词而变化
why
原因(reason) 状语
限制性
……的原 因
一二三四
二、定语从句中介词的前置
1.关系副词与“介词+which” 关系副词when和where在多数情况下,可以替换为“介词+which”,其中的“介词” 通常应根据先行词的含义、句子的意思、与从句中谓语动词的搭配等来确 定;why相当于for which。 I’ll never forget the day when(=on which) I first met you.我永远不会忘记第一 次见你的那天。 What is the name of the city where(=in which) you live?你住的那个城市叫什么 名字? Do you know the reason why(=for which) she doesn’t like me?你知道她不喜欢 我的原因吗?
一二三四
2.“介词+关系代词”结构 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,往往把该介词置于关系代词前面。“介词 +whom”只能指人;“介词+ which”只能指物。 The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.他们寻找的文件已 经找到了。(注意搭配search for) He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.他要我去看 一些我不熟悉的参考书。(注意搭配 be familiar with) This is the book from which I got the story.这就是那本书,从这本书中我读到了这个故 事。(由于句中含有“从……”的意思,所以用介词 from) 3.表示所属关系时,介词应用of,关系代词为which/whom,即“the +名词+ of + which/whom”,可转换为“whose+ 名词”。 He lives in a room,the window of which faces west. =He lives in a room,whose window faces west. 他住在一间窗户朝西的房间里。
高考英语语法定语从句常见考点归纳.doc
高考英语语法定语从句常见考点归纳定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法工程之一,也是历年高考的热点。
它的难度主要是通过改变句子的正常语序或借助于其它语法工程来表达的,为了提高同学们的应变能力,现对定语从句的一些常见考点归纳和总结如下:1. Is this the farm you visited last week?A. whereB. the oneC. on whichD. /【解析】答案是D。
命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊构造来干扰学生的正确选择。
遇到这类定语从句时,最好的方法是先把疑问句复原成陈述句,然后判断谁是先行词,再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分,最后确定正确答案。
2. We came to a place, stood a big tower.A. whichB. thatC. /D. where【解析】正确答案是D。
为了保持句子平衡,句子用了倒装语序。
倒装的使用使定语从句的构造变得较为特殊,因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句,应先把倒装语序复原成正常语序,这样句子构造就比拟清晰了。
3. The second is connected with the use the body makes of food.A. of whichB. whereC. to doD. that4. Why can't you realize the part they have played in our life?A. whichB. on whichC. whenD. where【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。
一些词组和搭配被拆开后,句子的含义就变得难以理解。
首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。
上述句子中包含以下词组:make use of, play a part (in)。
5. The scientist has made another discovery, I believe is of great importance.A. thatB. /C. whichD. why【解析】应选择C。
高中英语高考复习定语从句知识精讲(附练习题)
高考英语定语从句知识精讲一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语;which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略);who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略);whom 指人在从句中作宾语(作宾语时可以省略);whose 指人或物在从句中作定语;as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语;注意:指物时,whose+名词 = the+名词+of which 或 of which + the +名词2、as 的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as; the same…as;注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个the same…that 表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which 代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况1、先行词为 all, much, everything, nothing, something, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
高考英语定语从句高频考点精讲
高考英语定语从句高频考点精讲定语从句的构成先行词+引导词+从句如何选择引导词:根据先行词在从句中所担任的成分来选择引导词。
考点一、定语从句的基本句式考点二、限制性和非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
1. 逗号的使用2. That的使用.3. 做宾语指人who/whom4. 先行词所指的对象5. 引导词做宾语省/不省6. 翻译考点三、只用that 与不用which的情况(一)只用that的情况(1)先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时或由不定代词修饰时。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
(3)先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。
(4)先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。
Eg:He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.I'm unwilling to say goodbye to everyone and everything I am familiar.(5)先行词为数词时。
Eg:Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.(6)如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,第二个定语从句用that。
Eg:①They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.②他们爬到山顶,山顶上有一个追溯于明朝的寺院(7)以which作主语开头的特殊问句中的定语从句用that。
Eg:Which is the bus that you will take?(8)先行词在定语从句中作表语时,用that引导。
高考英语语法专题复习 定语从句 知识清单
高考英语语法专题复习------定语从句知识清单2015 / 9一、定语从句基础知识(填空)1.何为定语从句?在复合句中, 修饰某一或的从句叫定语从句。
2.何为定语从句两个基本要素?和即:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做;引导定语从句的词叫。
3.定语从句分为两大类:1):对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系十分密切,不用逗号隔开,也不能省略,否则句意就不完整。
2) :只是对先行词做补充说明,与先行词的关系也比较松散,常用逗号与主句隔开,如果省略, 原句意义仍然完整。
4.引导定语从句的关系词有哪些?1)关系:在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。
指代人:, , 指代事物:, ,所属关系:,2)关系:在定语从句中充当状语,相当于介词+。
指地点:指时间:指原因:二、常见考点与难点归纳:1.引导词that与which的选择:总结1) 先行词有下列情况时,通常用关系代词,不用。
①先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时;②先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等词修饰时;③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;④先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是),the last修饰时;⑤当先行词既有人又有物时;⑥若主句中有疑问代词who, which时(为了避免重复)。
总结2)下列情况通常用关系代词,不用:①引导非限定性定语从句且先行词是物,在定语从句中充当宾语时也不省略。
②介词+关系词引导定语从句, 先行词为物时。
2.先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时应注意的问题:1) 先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时,关系词在定语从句中作时,用when, where, why,相当于介词+which.2) 先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时,关系词在定语从句中作、或时,用that / which 。
高考英语定语从句常见考点归纳
高考英语定语从句常见考点归纳定语从句是中学英语教学的重点,也是学生学习的难点,同时又是高考考查的热点。
纵观近年各地高考试题,就能发现考点大多集中在带有"插入语"的定语从句;which 、as 引导的非限定性定语从句;where 、when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。
对定语从句的考查不单纯考查其语法结构,而是把它融入到一定的语境中,考查考生的实际综合运用能力。
高考试题中,主要从以下角度考查定语从句:定语从句的考点之一that用法正确区分关系代词that引出的定语从句功能强,除不能作定语(用whose)外,其它几个功能都可用that。
但命题角度主要以that与which指物时的区别为重点进行命制。
例如:(1)——Do you have anything in mind _________ you’d like for supper?——Well, _________ is OK with me.A. that ; anythingB. which ; everythingC. what ; whateverD. where ; something选A。
(2)The wrong you've done him is terrible, for ______ you should make an apology to him, Ithink.A. thisB. whichC. whatD. that 选B。
定语从句的考点之二判断成分,是关系代词还是关系副词正确区分关系代词(that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。
重点根据定语从句中所缺成分(即关系词在定语从句中作状语时,使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for which);在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时,使用that或which。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
专题八定语从句常考点定语从句是英语语法学习中的一大难关,也是高考中的常考点。
主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择;非限制性定语从句(特别是当先行词是整个句子时),由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句等。
做有关定语从句题目时,一定要将先行词还原到从句里,看其在从句部分充当什么成分。
1关系代词和关系副词的基本用法[注]学习定语从句时,必须加强对从句句子结构的分析,切记关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语,而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空:①I still remember the day ________ we studied together.I still remember the day ________ we spent together.②This is the factory ________ he used to work.This is the factory ________ we visited yesterday.This is the factory ________ makes this kind of car.③This is the reason ________ he explained.This is the reason ________ he failed in the exam.④I don't know the way ________ he used last time.I don't know the way ________ he solved the problem last time.【答案】①when;that/which/不填②where;that/which/不填;that/which ③that/which/不填;why ④that/which/不填;that/in which/不填2介词+关系代词介词后只能用which指物,whom 指人,不可用that。
介词的选用可根据从句中相关词组确定,也可结合句意根据先行词确定。
该介词也可放在从句之尾。
用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空:①He is the person ________ we should learn.②The bag ________ he put his books is lost.③The man ________ she is talking is a doctor.④The train ________ he was travelling was late.【答案】①from whom ②in/into which ③to/about whom ④on which3关系代词 as的用法用于限制性定语从句中:当先行词被so,as,such,the same所修饰时,关系代词用as指人或物,而不用which。
用于非限制性定语从句中:非限制性定语从句,特别是先行词是整个主句时,由which和as引导的非限制性定语从句,是高考命题的热点。
[注] as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别:as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面;as引导的从句有“正如”之意,而which则没此意。
用适当的关系词填空:①This is such a heavy bag ________ I can't carry.This is such a heavy bag ________ I can't carry it .②This is the same place ________ I visited three years ago.This is the same place ________ I worked three years ago.③He failed in the exam,________ made his father very angry.He failed in the exam,________ I had expected.④A lot of language learning, ________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.【答案】①as;that ②as;where ③which;as ④as4并列句和非限制性定语从句的判断并列句是由两个简单句组成的,句子中间必须要有并列连词;而定语从句是由主句和从句构成的。
完成下列句子:①He has two brothers,and both of ________ are workers.He has two brothers,both of ________ are workers.②China has hundreds of islands,the largest of ________ is Taiwan.China has hundreds of islands,and the largest of ________ is Taiwan.③He may not come,in ________ case we will not wait for him.He may not come and in ________ case we will not wait for him.【答案】①them;whom ②which;them ③which;that5先行词模糊化表地点的先行词模糊化在句中作状语时用关系副词where,相当于in which;在句中作主语和宾语仍用关系代词。
常见的词有:point,situation,position,profession,job,case,system,scene,activity,society,culture,strategy,model,accident,economy,crime等;常见的表时间的词有:period,occasion,stage,interval,stay等。
用适当的关系词填空:①This is one point ________ we must insist on.I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.②Occasions are quite rare ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.【答案】①that/which/不填;where ②when6定语从句中的数要保持一致关系代词指代的是先行词,因此定语从句中的谓语在数上应与先行词保持一致。
完成下列句子:①Those who ________(break) the law should be punished.=Anyone who ________(break)the law should be punished.=Whoever ________(break) the law should be punished.②He is one of the students who ________praised at yesterday's meeting. He is the one of the students who ________praised at yesterday's meeting.【答案】①break;breaks;breaks ②were;was7定语从句中含有插入语定语从句和先行词之间常常会有I think,you know,I believe,I thought 等插入语。
做此类题目时,我们要先去除插入语,再选择正确的关系词。
完成下列句子:①This is the school ________ you know I once studied.②I picked up a man ________ I thought was honest.=I picked up a man ________ I thought to be honest.③He made a discovery,________(我认为) is very important.【答案】①where ②who;that/who/whom/不填③which I think8只能用that 或which的情况只用that 的场合:①当先行词既指人又指物时。
②当先行词是不定代词anything,nothing,everything,all,some,little,few,much,none 或被不定代词修饰时。
③当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。
④当先行词被the only和the very所修饰时。
⑤当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
⑥当要避免与疑问词which重复时。
只用which 的场合:①“介词+which”,指物。
②非限制性定语从句中。
③防止重复。
④指人的性质身份时,而不是指人时。
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空:①He told us all ________ had happened.②This is the most interesting film________ I have ever seen.③This is the first place ________ we visited yesterday.This is the first place ________ we worked.④This is the only plant ________ grows in the area.The earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________ life has developed gradually.⑤The glasses without ________ he couldn't see clearly were lost.⑥I said nothing,________ made him angry.【答案】①that ②that/不填③that/不填;where ④that;where ⑤which ⑥which9关系代词whose的用法在高考中,关系代词whose的考点频繁出现。