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航海英语单词表
1航海出版物admiralty ①n.海军部②n.海事法，制海权③n.海军上将algorithm n.计算步骤，演算法，计算，算法cellulose n.纤维素chapter ①n.分会，分社②n.（书籍的）章，节complementary ①a.补足的，补充的②a.相互依赖的，互相依存的comprehensive ①a.内容多的，综合的，广泛的，广博的，全面的②a.有理解力的，容易理解的dampen n.使湿润，减弱demolish ①v.拆毁，破坏，消灭，推翻②v.拆船diagram ①n.图表，图解，简图，图②n.（关系）曲线图，线型图，传动图diagrammatic a.图解的，图示的，图表的discovery n.发现物，发现eaten a.鼠啮的，咬损的（批注）ecliptic ①n.黄道②a.黄道的electrolytic a.电解的enclose ①v.封闭，围住，环抱，包围，围绕②v.包装，封入③v.附在……后，附入furnish ①v.供应，供给，提供②v.陈设③v.配备，装备graphical 同graphichandbook n.手册，指南isothermal ①a.等温线的，等温的，恒温的②n.等温线，恒温线lateral ①n.排水沟，支管，支线，支渠②a.横向的，侧面的mention n.叙述，提到meteorology n.气象学，气候multiply ①v.倍增，乘②v.繁殖，增殖③ad.多重地，多倍地，并联地，多路地obscure ①a.模糊的，隐的，暗的，阴的②n.弄暗，使暗，遮蔽obsolete a.失去时效的，已不用的，废弃的，退化的page ①n.页数②n.记录③n.传呼，寻呼parallax n.视差predict v.推算，预见，预告，预报，预测，预言prediction ①n.推算，预计，预言，预报，预测，预告②n.性能初估recently ad.近来，最近reflective ①a.反射的，反映的②a.回顾的，深思的regional a.地方性的，地区的，区域的，局部的rinse n.冲洗，漂洗rotational a.循环的，轮流的，转动的，回转的，旋转的seldom ad.很少，不常significance ①n.意义，含义②n.重要性，有效性，显著性spherical a.球形的，天体的，球的steersman ①n.舵手，舵工②n.（木筏的）撑筏工人sunken ①a.凹下的，沉陷的，低的②a.水面下的，沉没的③a.水中的，水底的④a.（螺丝等）埋头的⑤v.sink过去分词textual a.文字上的，原文的theory n.原理，理论，学说yachtsman n.游艇驾驶员additional thrust ①辅助推进（力）②附加推力admiralty method （推算潮汐）英国法air bottle 压缩空气瓶，贮气瓶，空气瓶，气舱all around 包括各项费用，连同杂费apparent sun 视太阳boarding ladder 登船悬梯（软梯等）buoyage system 浮标装置celestial equator 天赤道celestial horizon （地心）真地平celestial observation 天文观测，天测certificated lifeboatman 持证艇员chart datum 海图基准水深，海图基准面cone shaped 圆锥形的deviation card 罗经自差图，自差表distress position 遇险位置drift effect 漂移效应dye marker 染色标记electric charge 电荷electrolytic corrosion 电化学腐蚀，电解腐蚀，电蚀engine noise ①发动机噪声②发动机噪音face mask 防毒面具，面罩flash signal 闪光信号floating debris 被抛弃的，漂浮碎屑，漂浮物（船）following current 顺流global coverage 全球波束覆盖范围harmonic method 调谐推潮法，调和法head current 逆流horizontal parallax （天体）地平视差，水平in doubt 怀疑in trouble 出故障inflatable raft 充气式求生筏，橡皮筏latitude line 东西向位置线，纬线light signal 灯光信号，炮光信号lower transit 下中天（天文）maintenance schedule 维修计划mariner's handbook 海员手册maritime buoyage 航海浮标maritime distress 海上遇险，海难mean sun 平太阳meteorological observation 气象观测nautical twilight 航海晨昏蒙影时间（晨光从太阳中心在真地平下12°到6°，昏影从太阳中心在真地平下6°到12°止）navigable channel 通航水道，航道operating line 工作线，操作线，作业线packing strip 曲径密封环，填密片preventer bar （救生艇架上装设的）保险杠radio telephone 无线电话reference datum 基准零点，参照基面，参照零点，基准面righting moment 复原力矩，稳性力矩，回复力矩，复正力矩，正浮力矩rotational speed 转速rubber packing 橡皮衬垫，橡皮填料，橡皮密封sea dye 指示色标（由沉没舰艇放出的用以指示沉没位置的标志）sealing strip 止水条，封密条ship's name 船名slow down ①减速，放慢②（市场）停滞，吊滞③（经济）衰退solar time 太阳时stowage location 配装位置tidal current 潮汐流，潮流tidal prediction 潮候推算，潮汐预报tidal stream ①潮汐流，潮流②感潮河段，有潮河段title page 标题页，里封面vertical circle ①地平经圈，方位圈②地平柱圆，垂直圆，竖直圈③（经纬仪的）垂直刻度盘voyage planning 航行计划water mark ①潮汐标尺，潮标②最高高潮痕，高潮线③水位标志④（钞票上的）水印⑤（船）吃水标志wind drift ①风生流，风成流（风吹成的水流）②气流偏差，风致偏移，风偏流③风的主流向admiralty tide tables 英版潮汐表carbon dioxide cylinder 二氧化碳灭火器compass deviation card 磁罗经自差卡片cone shaped bag 锥形袋，尖底袋full speed astern 全速倒车，后退三harmonic tidal analysis 潮汐调和分析maritime buoyage system 海上浮标系统parallel of altitude （天球上）等高圈parallel of declination 赤纬平行圈，赤纬圈tidal current tables 潮流表ADS|Additional Duty on Sugar 糖附加税CD|Calling Device 呼叫设备，拨号盘IALA|International Association of Lighthouse Authorities 国际灯标管理局协会NP|Name Plate 铭牌2海图及海图作业aero a.飞机的，航空的almanac ①n.天文历，航海历，历书②n.年鉴amphibious a.水陆两用的，两栖的appreciate ①v.估价，评价②v.欣赏，赏识③v.理解，重视④v.感谢，感激⑤v.升值astronomical a.天文学的，天体的，天文的azimuthal a.方位角的catalog n.商品目录，产品目录，产品样本，一览表，目录coco n.椰子树conformal a.相似的，保形的，保角的converge v.集中，汇合，收敛dead-reckoning ①航迹推算，船位推算，船位积算②猜测，捉摸depict v.描写，描述，表示distinguish ①v.作出成绩，获得成就，卓越，出众，杰出②v.区别，识别，辨别doubtful ①a.怀疑的②a.难决定的，含糊的，可疑的elapse v.（时间）过去，消逝guarantee ①n.保证书，担保②n.保证人illustration n.说明，注解，实例，图解，插图imperfection ①n.不完全，不完善，不健全②n.缺点，弱点，缺陷imperial a.（英国度量衡）法定标准的，英制的landmark ①n.岸标，陆标②n.（地）界桩，界标③n.显著标志midlatitude n.真中分纬度，中分纬度millimetre 同millimetermisplace n.v.装错，放错newly ad.最近，新近，重新observatory ①n.观测站，观测所，瞭望台②n.天文台，气象台oceanic ①a.海洋产的，海洋的②a.大量的orthographic a.正射投影的，垂直的，直角的polyconic a.多圆锥的，多锥体的preference ①n.选择，优先②n.优惠③n.特惠，优待④n.选择物⑤n.选择权，优先权print ①v.打印②v.印刷，出版，刊行③n.印记，痕迹④n.印刷品，出版物projection ①n.投影，放映②n.投射，发射③n.突出部分，凸出部分，突出物，伸出物④n.设计，计划⑤n.估计，推测，预测rectangular a.长方形的，矩形的，直角的reliance n.依赖revise v.校订，修改，校正，校阅revision ①n.改版，修正，校订，订正②n.修订版，修订本rhumb ①v.（指南针的）方位，罗盘方位②v.恒向线seamount n.海底锥形山（从海底上升1000m以上）semi-circle n.气旋半圆，半圆spoil ①n.损坏，破坏②v.使变坏，腐烂，腐坏③n.v.宠坏，溺爱④v.弃土，抛泥，排泥⑤n.煤矸石，矸子，废料⑥n.掘出物，掠夺品topography ①n.地势，地形，地貌②n.地形学，地志③n.冰貌update v.改进，修正，更新，校正cable area 海底电缆区calibration beacon 校正导标chart symbol 海图用符号circular radiobeacon 全向无线电指向标，环射无线电信标clear area 畅通航区，无碍航区，畅通区coast chart 沿岸海图，海岸图coastal chart 沿海海图conformal chart 等角投影海图，正形海图conformal projection 正形投影，等角投影conic projection 圆锥投影，锥顶射影conspicuous landmark 显著陆标correction card （仪表）校正卡，勘误表course angle ①航向角②舷角cylindrical chart 圆柱形投影海图cylindrical projection 柱面圆柱投影，圆柱投影data in 数据输入dead-reckoning position 推算船位，积算船位（不经风流压修正）entrance channel 进港航道，进口航道estimated course 预计航向，估计航向exercise area 演习区fall into ①（河流）流入，注入②下陷，陷入③分成类，属于fathom line 等深线flat slope 平缓坡度，缓坡general chart （海图）总图，总海图gnomonic chart 心射投影海图gnomonic projection 心射面切投影，心射投影harbor chart 海港航图，港区图heavy draught 深吃水hydrographic survey 海道测量，水道测量，河海测量isolated rock 孤立岩石，孤立礁latitude scale （海图上）纬度尺least depth 最小深度lighted buoy 发光浮标，灯浮longitude scale 经度比例尺marine surveying 海洋测量natural scale ①实物大小②（地图）自然比例尺，（海图）基准比例尺③正态比例，天然比例nautical almanac 航海天文历naval observatory （美国）海军气象天文台navigation area 航行海区，航区neat line ①界线，内图框（海图上指明某一地区的范围）②墙面交接线orthographic projection 正射投影，平行投影，正投影outer ring 外环，外圈polyconic projection 多圆锥投影（测量或海图制作不用）radar station 无线电台，雷达站radio transmitter 无线电发报机，无线电发射机，无线电发信机recommended track 推荐航路，推荐航线rectangular projection 等渐长率圆柱投影（星图的一种）rhumb line （罗经方位）恒向线，航向线running fix 异时观测定位，移线定位，航行定位sailing chart 航行图sea floor 海底sounding datum 海图深度基准面，测深基准面tide level 潮高，潮位top center 上止点transponder beacon 雷达反射信号台，雷达应答信标degree of latitude 纬度degree of longitude 经度error in bearing 方位误差great circle course 大圆航向great circle track ①大圆航迹②大圆航线lower low water （较）低低潮（在同日有两个低潮时较低的一个）point of arrival 到达点point of departure 启航点，起航点simple conic projection 单圆锥投影ENE|East North East 东北东（方位点）3航海通告与警告airmail ①n.航空邮件，航空信②n.航空邮寄cumulative a.积累的，渐增的，累计的deletion n.删去部分，删除事项，取消，删除demarcation n.划界，区划evaporate ①v.蒸发，汽化②v.脱水③v.消失，消散fashion ①n.流行，时尚，风格②n.形成，形式，方式，方法guidance ①n.领导，指挥②n.遥控，操纵，导航，制导③n.导承，导槽（机械）lately ad.近来，最近luminous a.明亮的，发光的，夜光的nominal ①a.有名无实的，名义上的，挂名的②a.公称的，标称的，额定的nowadays n.现在，如今omission n.疏忽，省略，遗漏orient ①v.使向东，定向②n.东方，东部periodic a.断断续续续的，间歇性的，周期的preliminary a.初级的，初步的，预备的，预先的publication ①n.发行，发表，公布，出版②n.出版物，书刊，刊物quarterly ①a.季度的②n.季刊remainder ①n.剩余部分，剩余物，剩余，残余，余料②n.（数学）余项，余数reprint v.重印，再版，翻印reproduction ①n.再生产，再现，再生②n.复制，繁殖rouge n.过氧化铁粉，红铁粉，铁丹roughly ad.概略地，粗糙地subscription ①n.预约，预订②n.订阅，认股③n.订阅费，预约费，预订费④n.（承担保险责任的）签署，署名telegraphy n.电报学，电报trawl ①v.用拖网捕捞，拖网捕鱼②n.拖网，曳绳adjoining chart 邻接海图admiralty chart 英版海图agree upon 对……取得一致意见，对……达成协议agree with 与……保持一致，适合，同意annual summary 年度汇编，年度摘要cumulative number 累计次数demarcation line 分界线fall off ①向下风②落下，坠下fish trap 渔栅，鱼网（固定陷鱼网）horseshoe buoy 马蹄形浮具inner ring 内环iron pipe 铁管latest information 最新资料luminous range 光达距离，光度视程，照明距离，光照距离medium size 中等尺寸，中型navigational data 航行资料new edition ①（书、刊物等的）新版②（海图）调制nominal range 额定光达距离（气象能见距离为10 n mail 时的光达距离）pipeline area （海底）管道区stand out ①浮出，显著，显眼②离岸向海上航驶③突出的，出色的④突出的事物visible range 能见距离free of charge 不承担费用，免费GEN|General ①一般的②总的GL|Gearless 无吊货索具R/T|Radio Telephone 无线电话STM|Storm 风暴WNG|Warning 警告，警报，报警WWNWS|World Wide Navigational Warning Service 世界航行警告业务4航海日志的填写assault v.冲击，作战，袭击，攻击，突击，强击attorney n.代理人，律师biennial a.二年一次的blot ①n.污点，污渍，瑕疵②n.污名③v.污损，弄脏④v.用吸墨纸吸干character ①n.特征，特性，性质②n.印刷符号，电码组合，字符，字母，文字，字体，字元closure ①n.关闭，封闭，停业②n.停止，终止，结束，截止，闭合③n.隔板，挡板，围墙④n.堵口⑤n.封闭器，（测绘）闭合差（金属罐）comment ①v.评述，评论，意见②v.注释，说明③v.鉴定deserter ①n.私自离船的船员，出走船员②n.逃亡者，叛逃者dismiss ①v.遣散②v.解雇③v.不考虑④v.解散⑤v.免职erase v.清除，消迹，删掉，消除，擦去，消降，抵消，消磁gasket ①n.垫密片，填密片，密封垫②n.捆帆绳，垫圈③n.衬垫，软垫，胶边，垫片herewith ad.此处inadmissible a.不能允许的，不能采纳的initiate ①v.创始，发起，倡议②v.启蒙，指引③v.引起，开始，着手journal ①n.记录，杂志，日志②n.日报，日记，日志③n.学报，期刊④n.航海日志⑤n.轴颈，枢opposition ①n.反对，对抗，相对②n.障碍③n.（天文）冲prudence ①n.谨慎，慎重②n.精明purser ①n.（商船上的）事务长，管事②n.（军舰上的）军需官，业务主任③n.会计员，出纳员pursue ①v.追随，追求，追②v.继续进行，实行，从事renew ①v.换新，更新②v.修复，恢复③v.重新启动④v.重新开始revocation n.撤销rewrite v.重写sense ①n.知觉，意义，含义②n.感受，感觉，观念③v.意识到，预感④v.传感，探测⑤v.判断，辨别technical a.工业的，专门的，技术的，专业的，工艺的write v.书写，记录，写入all's well 一切正常，没有事bell book 传令钟记录簿，车钟记录簿，车钟簿bulk vessel 散货船chronometer error 天文钟误差combustion engine 内燃机compass record 罗经数据记录deck log 甲板日志，航海日志deck watch ①甲板值班②航海比对表，天文钟比对表③船钟engine orders 车令oily ballast 含油压载水，油污压载水rough log 航海日志草本rough logbook 草本航海日志safe berth 安全泊位seaman's book 海员证second mate 二副shipping papers 货运文件smooth logbook 航海日志誊清本standing orders 常规命令take on ①担任，承办②装上，装入③承担，承受，雇用④采用，采取technical name （危险货物）技术名称third officer （轮船的）三副cargo record book 货物记录簿internal combustion engine 内燃机on and off ①断断续续地，不时，偶尔②通/断proper shipping name （危险货物）标准运输名称to be inspected 应予检查watch on deck 舱面值班END|Endorsed 批注的OOW|Officer on Watch 值班驾驶员V/L|Speed Length Ratio 速长比5航海事故报告achieve v.到达，实现，完成administrator n.（港务）监督员，行政官员，管理人员advisory ①n.（气象）预报，报告②a.咨询的，劝告的attain v.达到，获得bergy n.冰块群，冰山群borrow ①v.错用，采用，借款，借②v.抵押③v.（船）更靠近（岸或风）④v.模仿contest n.争夺，争辩dewater n.排水，脱水，去水electrolyte ①v.电解②n.电解质，电解液excellent ①a.优秀的，精良的②n.信号强度impede ①v.阻抗②v.阻碍，妨碍intend v.企图，打算lend ①v.出借，贷与，借贷②v.提供，给予，借给，借出litter ①n.垃圾②n.废物乱扔membrane ①n.膜片，薄膜，粘膜，膜②n.（防渗）帷幕，防渗层，隔膜，隔板③n.振动片，光圈mismanagement n.管理失误，管理不当oceanographic a.海洋学的phenomena n.（phenomenon的复数）retest v.重新试验，再试验shoal ①a.水浅的②n.沙洲，浅滩（常指水深20m以内区域）③n.鱼群④v.变浅，回淤⑤v.群集，成群shuga n.（大量聚集的海绵状不透明白色）小冰块spicule n.针形物；n.（海上的）针形冰symmetric ①a.对称的②n.对位的（化学）team ①n.队，组②v.组成队，合作，协作③v.用畜队运torch ①n.手电筒，手提灯，火炬②n.切割器，焊枪，喷灯，气炬washer ①n.洗涤器，洗衣机②n.垫圈，垫片，衬垫wrench ①n.扳子，扳钳，扳手②v.扳紧，扭转，拧③n.歪曲alongside towing 并列拖带，舷拖，傍拖，绑拖bergy bit 中型冰山（面积约100～300m2，一般高出水面1～5m）boat hook 艇用金属钩，吊艇钩，钩篙boom stowage 吊杆安放broken case ①破损箱②已拆箱coastal state 沿海国家，沿海国cutting torch ①切割焰，割炬②切割焰吹管damaged ship 受损船，破损船deck gang 舱面人员，舱面水手draw span 开合桥跨，开合桥孔emergency light 应急灯emergency shutdown 紧急停机，事故停车emergency steering 应急操舵装置，应急操舵emergency stop 紧急停车hand steering 人力操舵，手操舵improper stowage 码垛不良，装载不良，配载不当（批注）insufficient packing 包装不足，包装不固，包装不良（批注）lower hold 下层舱，底舱mooring pattern 系泊缆布局oceanographic phenomena 海洋现象pass by （时间）流逝，绕过，推移pivoting point 枢轴点，支枢点，旋转点，轴尖，支点，枢心shoal water 浅水区spanner wrench 活络扳手starboard anchor 右首锚，右舷锚weather advisory 气象通报，天气预报weigh anchor ①起锚，起航，开船②快点，加油③离开emergency steering station 应急操舵部位let go anchor 抛锚，下锚matter of fact 实事求是的，注重实际的，不加渲染的，平铺直叙的steer clear of 避开……行驶L/T|Long Ton 长吨（2240lb）6 ISM achievement ①n.成就，成果，业绩②n.达到，完成audit ①n.v.稽核，查账，核算②n.v.审查，审计③n.v.清算，决算basin ①n.水盆，盆②n.港池，港湾，内湾，船坞③n.船模试验池，试验水池④n.海底盆地⑤n.（港口码头的）水域，流域，水坑，地区breach ①n.缺口，裂口②n.破坏（合同等），扰乱（治安），违反（法律）③n.（通往烟筒的）烟道导管④n.攻破，击破，突破⑤n.冲击船的波浪，波浪的碎溅，碎浪，激浪，大浪，波涛camera ①n.（电视）摄像机，照相机②n.小箱，暗箱compliance ①n.符合②n.服从，依从，遵从③n.（弹性）应变率，柔度，柔量despatch 同dispatchdispatch ①n.v.（货物）疏运，调度，派遣②n.快信，急信，专电③n.迅速办理，速办④n.v.（装卸）速遣duly ad.正好地，恰好地，及时地electrician n.电气技术员，电机员，电工，大电hereunder n.在此immovable a.固定的，不动的，坚定的implementation ①n.履行，实施过程，执行过程（契约、诺言等）②n.补充，补给③n.器具，工具，仪器import ①v.进口，输入，引进，引入②n.进口商品，进口货③v.意味着，说明，表明inadequate a.不适当的，不充分的，不充足的，不够的incompetent ①a.不胜任的，不称职的，无资格的，不够格的②a.无力的，无能的③a.（岩层等）软的，弱的legislation ①n.法律②n.立法③n.法规，法制lien n.（对货物、船舶的）留置权，扣押权mechanic ①n.机工，机匠②n.机械员，技术员③a.手工的，机工的nationality ①n.国籍②n.船籍non-conformity ①n.不合格项，不合格②n.不整合（地质）promise ①v.承诺，同意，答应②v.希望，前途③v.有……的希望，有……的可能prostitute n.妓女reliability n.可靠度，可靠性resource ①n.手段，方法②n.资源，储藏③n.办法，对策sightseeing n.浏览，观光steward ①n.（船上的）服务员，事务员，乘务员，管事②n.（团体的）干事，伙食管理员toilet n.卫生间，盥洗室，厕所，浴室unmoor ①v.离码头，离浮筒，解缆，起锚，离泊②v.（双锚停泊时）改泊单锚unsafe a.不安全的，危险的upkeep v.维护，保养waiver n.放弃，弃权withdraw ①v.使退出，脱离，拆卸②n.缩回，撤回，撤销③v.（液体）吸出，抽出④v.吊（缸）alarm system 警报系统assistant officer 助理驾驶员，驾驶助理员，驾助carrying ship （互有责任碰撞条款中的）承运船chief steward （船上）服务员领班，服务员组长，事务长collision clause （船）碰撞责任条款compliance with 与……保持一致，遵守……designated person 指定代表，受命官员dispatch money 速遣费environmental protection 环境保护intermediate port 中途港lee quarter 下风船尾leeward side 背风面，下风面local port 当地港口，地方港口，小港maritime industry 海洋业，海运业，航运业maritime lien 海上留置权，海上优先权，抵偿权on account 用分期付款的办法，用赊购的办法，先付，暂付operational failure 运转故障port authority 港务管理机关，港口当局pro rata 按比例，成比例（拉丁语）reefer cargo 冷藏货refrigeration machinery 制冷机，冷冻机，致冷机safe operation 安全运行，安全操作，安全作业shifting berth 移泊ship's clock 船钟tool pusher 指挥员，领班wash basin 洗脸盆，脸盆certificate of nationality （船的）国籍证书engineer in charge 主任工程师，总工程师in spite of 不管，不顾internal safety audits 内部安全审核，内审on account of ①因为，由于②在……账号上on the quarter 在船尾舷部，在船舷pro rata freight 按比例计算运费，比例运费safety at sea 海上安全shore based support 岸基支持sudden operational failure 突然运转失灵ISM|Intercontinental Strategic Missile 洲际战略导弹SMS|Safety Management System 安全管理体系USCG|United States Coastguard 美国海岸警备队7PSCabort ①n.异常结束②v.流产③v.终止，中断alteration ①n.变换，更改，变更②n.改建，改装③n.蚀变（地质）④n.修改，改动（设计或图纸等）amendment ①n.改正量，修正量，改善②n.修正，修订，改正③n.修正案concept ①n.概念，方案，规划②v.打算，设想，构思coordinate ①a.同级的，并列的，同位的，同等的，坐标的②v.协作，调整，协调，调度③v.坐标disclose ①v.揭开，揭示，公开，明告②v.泄露，揭露，露出，拆开fulfillment n.完成，执行，履行，实现functional a.符合使用要求的，有作用的，作用的，功能的，函数的illegal ①a.不合法的，违法的②a.非法的impression ①n.（硬度试验的）印痕，压痕，盖印，印记，压印②n.模膛，模槽③n.感应，影响，效果，印象④n.（书的）版本，印刷次数inference n.推理，推论，论断，推断irrespective a.不考虑的，不论的，不顾的justification ①n.认为正确，证明，证实②n.理由，辩护③n.图文位置布局调整justify ①v.证明，证实②v.辩护，辩解③v.调整merchandise ①n.（总称）商品，货物②n.商业，交易mounting ①n.安置，安装，固定，装配②n.配件，零件，辅助设备prerequisite ①n.必要条件，先决条件②a.必须具备的，必要的，先决的rat n.老鼠，耗子repudiate v.拒绝，否认，抛弃reservation ①n.预订，预定，保留②n.专用地，保留地，保留区③n.附加保留条款，保留权益sanitation n.卫生设施，卫生站statute ①a.法定的，规定的②n.法令，条例，法律，章程sublet v.分租，转租substantially ①ad.实质上，本质上②ad.显著地，重要地，基本地supplier ①n.供应商，供货人，供给者，供应者②n.（机械设备等的）制造厂，制造人anticipatory breach 提前违约calculated strength 计算强度carriage requirement 装载要求casualty report 损坏报告coastal navigation 沿海航行common carrier 公共承运人detailed inspection 详细检查detention report （船）滞留报告establish contact （使电路）接通freight rate 海运运价，费率general ship 一般船舶（相对于包租的船舶）hailing port 船籍港（写在船尾）hull maintenance 船体保养inland navigation 内河航行，内河航运，河运irrespective of 不管……long range ①长距离，远程②续航力大的，远距离的，远程的③长期的minimum delay 最少延迟no discount 不折扣，不贴现on arrival 抵达时operating station 操纵部位，操作部位，控制台radio contact 无线电联络roll axis 横摇轴serious deficiencies 严重缺陷set off ①（债权）抵消，抵付②隔开，衬托③推动，发动④出发special cargo 特殊货物（需要专门保管的货物）specific port 特定港state control 国家监督station control 测站控制structural integrity 结构整体性，结构完整程度surveyor authorized 授权的验船师axis of rotation 旋转轴线，旋转轴，转轴out of order ①紊乱，动乱，越轨②发生故障，出问题，损坏port state control 港口国管理，港口国监督port to port 港到港ship in distress 遇难船，遇险船side by side 并靠，并排，并肩（两船并排靠在一起）PSCO|Port State Control Officer （PSCO）港口国监督检察官8STCWappropriateness n.适合程度，适当性barren ①a.（岩石）多孔的②a.贫瘠的，荒芜的③n.不毛之地，瘠地clevis n.Ｕ形夹，马蹄铁countermand v.撤销，取消订货，取消前令，收回（命令等）defer ①v.延迟，扣存，迟延②v.延期，推迟③v.服从，听从despite ①n.即使，尽管②v.轻视，敌视③v.损害dune n.丘陵，砂丘，砂堆，山岗（常用复数）enunciate v.发表，宣布gudgeon ①n.（门的）枢轴，活塞销，耳轴，轴头②n.舵柱承座，舵枢，舵栓，舵针，舵钮③n.旋转架，托架illuminate ①v.照明，照射②v.用灯装饰（船）③v.启发，阐明loudspeaker n.扬声器，扩音器，喇叭obey n.听从，遵守，执行，服从rake ①v.耙，刮②v.收集，搜集③n.长柄耙，耙子，火钩④v.倾斜船头，倾斜船尾⑤n.（烟囱、船首尾柱的）倾斜度，倾斜角reposition n.（卸空后的集装箱）放回原处，运回原地riprap ①n.抛筑用的石料，抛石②n.抛石基床，抛石护岸③n.乱石堆成的护岸，石堆堤，堆石护坡stabilizer ①n.减摇装置，稳定器②n.（防止分解、反应的）安定剂，稳定剂throttle ①v.使减速，阻塞，调节②v.节流，节制，压制③n.操纵阀，扼流圈，节流阀unattend v.不照看，不管visit ①n.v.访问，拜访，参观②n.v.检查，考察，视察③n.v.（灾害、疾病等）来袭，侵袭，来临whelp n.绞缆筒筋条，（链轮的）扣链齿，绞盘筒筋，绞盘肋骨（用以增加摩擦力）administration personnel 行政人员，管理人员administrative law 行政法air receiver 压缩空气瓶，空气储存器，储气器artificial island 人工岛associated equipment 相关的附属的设备automatic steering 自动操舵belted construction 带型结构clevis pin 环销，连接销current velocity 流速deck crew 舱面人员，水手engineer officer 轮机员engineering watch 机舱值班fatigue failure 疲劳破坏，疲劳失灵female section 下半模，阴模intended route 计划航线joggled construction 啮合结构lapped construction 搭接结构loudspeaker system 广播系统minor light 弱烛光灯，较小灯标（烛光较小，一般无人看守灯标）motor controller 电动机控制器national flag 国旗navigational light 航行灯，导航灯navigational watch 航行值班pilot orders 引航口令pneumatic brake 气压制动器，气动闸，风闸quarantine signal 检疫信号relieving officer ①接班驾驶员，接班轮机员②接班人员sea bottom 海底speed change 变速sprocket wheel （锚机）持链轮，链轮starting engine 起动机steering command 操纵指令strapped construction 覆接结构，覆板结构two-watch system （船上的）二班制upper stock 上舵杆，舵杆头administrative law judge 行政法官chief engineer officer 轮机长，大车，老轨compressed air system 压缩空气系统effect of current 水流影响local zone time 地方区时lot by lot 一票一票货地，分批，按票rise of bottom 船底斜度，舭部升高9SOIASabrade ①v.磨蚀，磨损，磨去②v.擦伤，擦破③v.擦去，擦掉awl n.钻子，锥子bailer ①n.灰浆桶，泥涌②n.淤泥取样器，戽斗，舀水勺，汲水斗，水瓢（救生艇用具）③n.抽泥筒，汲泥泵，汲水孔④n.戽水者，汲水者⑤n.委托人bowse ①v.（绳索）拉紧，收紧②v.绞辘拉，（用滑轮）吊起，向下拉elongate v.使伸长，拉长，延长essence ①n.本质，实质②n.要素，精华③n.香精female ①a.女的②a.阴的，内的③a.有内螺纹的，凹形的flank ①n.（齿轮的）齿侧，齿腹②n.（山坡）侧面，侧翼③n.（船离码头时）船首顶流摆开④v.打倒车（顶推驳船队顺流通过变段时采用的一种航行方法）⑤v.位于……之侧，在……侧面fold ①v.折叠，折痕②v.合拢，抱住，笼罩，调入，包③v.折叠起来，彻底失败④n.（地质）褶皱⑤n.倍（数）gateway ①n.（水下渔网，防潜设备等所留的）门道，道路，坞闸，登机口②n.（通信）接口③n.转运站④n.网关，网关器grinder ①n.研磨机，粉碎机，砂轮机，磨碎机，磨床，砂轮，磨工②n.天电干扰声hooker n.沿海小船hound n.桅肩，桅肩下（下桅顶端承接上桅的架子）hurt n.v.损伤，损害impinge ①v.撞击，碰撞，冲击②v.（紧密）接触③v.侵犯，侵害innocuous a.无害的，无毒的knob ①n.旋钮，按钮②n.小圆块，疙瘩，节，瘤③n.（门、屉斗等的）球形把手，（桅杆或旗杆上的）顶球，（布线用）瓷柱④n.圆丘，小丘lighten ①v.减轻，变轻，卸载②v.过驳③v.照亮，点亮，发亮④v.弄明白，启发loan ①v.借与，出借，借出②n.借款，贷款marginal ①a.边界的，限界的，端的②a.决定性的，临界的③a.（码头）顺岸式的，沿岸的④a.记在栏外的，旁注的pike ①n.矛，刺②n.尖顶旗杆③n.尖峰，山巅④v.穿过，通过pot ①n.锅，罐，壶，盆，盘，筒，盒②v.装罐，罐藏③n.捕鱼笼④n.油船（俗语）pry ①v.（用杠杆等）撬动，撬②n.撬具，杠杆③v.窥视，窥探，打听punt ①v.（用篙）撑②v.用小船运输③n.（撑篙的方头平底）小船④n.低角（荷兰语）recreation ①n.娱乐，休养②n.游览船reel ①n.卷轴，卷筒，线轴，盘②n.绕线架，电缆盘③n.磁带盘，纸带盘④v.（用卷轴、卷筒等）卷，绕rod ①n.拉杆，推杆，联杆，棒②n.水准尺，标尺，测杆③n.粗钢筋，棒钢④n.避雷针⑤n.（流速仪的）悬杆⑥n.杆（英制长度单位5.03m）seat ①n.基座，机座，阀座②n.座位，垫子，座③n.（为机器等）装底座④v.安置，固定⑤v.使就座softwood ①n.针叶树②n.软木，软质木材spinner ①n.纺纱工人②n.纺纱机③n.天线旋转装置，旋转器④n.机头罩（飞机）spool ①n.卷轴，卷筒②v.缠，卷tripper ①n.自动分离机构，倾卸装置，开底装置，脱钩装置，释放器②n.卸料小车③n.旅行者unroll v.铺开，展开（卷起的东西）vacate ①v.腾出，撤离，撤出②v.辞去（服务）③v.取消，作废weakness ①n.弱点，缺点②n.薄弱，软弱，衰弱above deck 甲板以上aft line ①（型线图上的）船尾部纵剖线②尾缆after end ①船尾端②后端audible warning 声响报警，音响警号back current ①反向流，回流，逆流②反向电流bull rope ①粗钢丝绳，粗绳②防磨索，稳定索，栏索③吊艇杆前牵绳，吊杆桅绳chain tongs 链式大管钳，链钳coastal pack 流冰connecting shackle 连接卸扣，锚链卸扣crew cabin 船员室cross connection ①（船）横倾调整装置，连通阀②横贯通道，横向连通，交叉联结freezing air 冷空气government regulations 政府法规，政府规定interior lighting 室内照明intermediate spring 连接簧（在鱼尾板和主拖缆之间，用以增加主拖架的重量和柔性）internal friction 内摩擦力，内摩擦link chain 扁节链longshore hook 码头工人手钩manila hawser 粗麻大绳，白棕绳merchant ship 商船mobile unit 车辆normal size 标准尺寸normally open 常开的nylon rope 尼龙绳（缆）ocean towing 海上拖驳运输，海上拖带oil field （海上）油田oil rig 油井钻探设备open up 开启，拆开pike pole 铁钩，长搭钩（浮运木材时拔动木材的工具）pipe wrench 管扳手，管钳propeller flow 螺旋桨水流protective coating 保护涂层，保护涂料replacement steps 替换蹬ride down 压下，压进，捶进rigid liferaft 刚体救生筏safety factor 安全系数salvage association 救助协会screw ship 螺旋桨船shackle pin 卸扣栓销，钩环销slip surface 滑动面society approval 船级社认可spar deck （主甲板以上的）轻甲板，工作甲板spray gun 喷射器，喷涂枪，喷枪stand in ①驶近②参加steam engine 蒸汽引擎，蒸汽机tapered pin 锥形销test sample 试验样品，试样，测试样本thin out 逐渐消失，变稀少，变薄，变细warp line 绞船缆，牵绳，拖索welded chain 焊接链锚，焊接链winch head 绞车副卷筒，绞缆筒wire core 线束铁芯classification society approval 船级社认可coefficient of friction 摩擦系数direction of flow 水流方向，流向engineering control station 动力装置控制站fire control room 消防控制室in one piece 用整块木料制成maritime dangerous goods 海运危险货物return to normal 回复正常stud link chain 横挡环链，日字形链，有档链10MARPOLacrylate n.丙烯酸盐，丙烯酸酯adapter ①n.联轴套管，多头插销②n.拾波器，转接器③n.衬套，附件④n.接合链环组（锚链前端链节与锚卸扣间联结的锚环组）⑤n.连接器，接头allyl n.丙烯基，烯丙基annex ①v.依附，合并，并吞②n.附属品，附加物③n.附录，附件④v.附加，添加，附带bacteria n.细菌（bacterium的复数）circumvent ①v.绕过（困难）②v.包围，围绕③v.解决（难题），智取compatible a.不矛盾的，可共存的，相容的，适合的，相合的，兼容的council ①n.议会，会议②n.委员会，政务会，理事会。
潮汐的英文单词
潮汐的英文单词The rhythmic rise and fall of the ocean's waters, known as tides, are a natural phenomenon that has fascinated and intrigued people for centuries. The term "tide" itself, derived from the Old English word "tīd," carries with it a sense of time and regularity, reflecting the predictable pattern of these oceanic movements. The tides are a testament to the intricate dance between the gravitational pull of the Moon and the rotation of the Earth, a dancethat shapes not only the coastline but also the ecology and history of our planet.The lunar tide, as it is scientifically called, is the result of the Moon's gravitational attraction on theEarth's waters. The Moon, although much smaller than the Earth, exerts a significant pull due to its proximity and the fact that water is highly responsive to gravitational forces. This pull causes the Earth's oceans to bulge outward on the side facing the Moon and on the opposite side, due to the Earth's rotation. The bulges, known as high tides, rise and fall in a rhythmic pattern that is synchronized with the Moon's orbital cycle.The lunar tide is further modulated by the Sun's gravitational pull, which although weaker, adds complexity to the tidal pattern. The Sun's influence is most pronounced at full and new moons, when it aligns with the Moon, creating higher-than-average high tides known as spring tides. By contrast, at the quarters, when the Sun and Moon form a right angle, the tidal range is reduced, resulting in neap tides.The significance of tides extends beyond their aesthetic appeal. Tides have played a crucial role in the shaping of coastlines, eroding cliffs and depositing sediment along beaches. They have also influenced human history, affecting the settlement patterns of ancient civilizations and the design of ports and harbors. In modern times, tides continue to inform navigation, fishing, and environmental management practices.The study of tides is not just about understanding natural forces; it is also about exploring the intersection of science, culture, and human experience. The rhythm of the tides resonates deeply with our own biological clocks, influencing our sleep cycles, moods, and even creativity.The ebb and flow of the tides speak to the cycles of life and death, renewal and rebirth, reflecting the universal themes that have resonated throughout human history.As we delve deeper into the study of tides, we discover that this natural phenomenon is not just a force of nature; it is a powerful metaphor for the interconnectedness of all life. The tides remind us that we are not separate from the natural world; we are part of it, subject to the same lawsof physics and biology that govern the rise and fall of the oceans. In understanding the tides, we gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and our place in the universe.**潮汐：月亮与海洋的舞蹈**潮汐，这一海洋水体的有节奏涨落，是几个世纪以来一直令人着迷和好奇的自然现象。
汉英口译-环境保护词汇
汉英口译分类词汇--环境保护词汇(1)21世纪议程Agenda 21 （the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里约）, - provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）世界环境日World Environment Day （June 5th each year）世界环境日主题World Environment Day Themes环境千年-行动起来吧！（2000）The Environment Millennium - Time to Act！拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999）Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It！为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋！（1998）For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas！为了地球上的生命（1997）For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home国际生物多样性日International Biodiversity Day （29 December）世界水日World Water Day （22 March）世界气象日World Meteorological Day（23 March）世界海洋日World Oceans Day （8 June ）联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development （UNCED）环发大会首脑会议Summit Session of UNCED 联合国环境规划署United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）2000年全球环境展望报告GEO-2000；Global Environmental Outlook 2000入选"全球500佳奖" be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor联合国人类居住中心UN Center for Human Settlements （UNCHS）改善人类居住环境最佳范例奖Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement人与生物圈方案Man and Biosphere （MAB）Programme （UNESCO）中国21世纪议程China's Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan中国跨世纪绿色工程规划China Trans-Century Green Project Plan国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration （SEPA）中国环保基本方针China's guiding principles for environmental protection坚持环境保护基本国策adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection推行可持续发展战略pursue the strategy of sustainable development贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection （the "three synchronizes" principle）促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection 中国环保基本政策the basic policies of China's environmental protection预防为主、防治结合的政策policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control污染者负担的政策"the-polluters-pay" policy强化环境管理的政策policy of tightening up environmental management一控双达标政策policy of "One Order, Two Goals"："一控"：12种工业污染物的排放量控制在国家规定的排放总量The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.；"双达标"：1. 到2000年底，全国所有的工业污染源要达到国家或地方规定的污染物排放标准The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the end of 2000. 2. 到2000年底，47个重点城市的空气和地面水达到国家规定的环境质量标准 2. Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major cities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000.对新项目实行环境影响评估conduct environmental impact assessments （EIA）on start-up projects提高全民环保意识raise environmental awareness amongst the general public查处违反环保法规案件investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection环保执法检查environmental protection law enforcement inspection限期治理undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time中国已加入的国际公约international conventions into which China has accessed控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal 关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer生物多样性公约Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change生态示范区eco-demonstration region；environment-friendly region国家级生态示范区（珠海）Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region国家级园林城市Nationally Designated Garden City放射性废料积存accumulation of radioactive waste 有机污染物organic pollutants氰化物、砷、汞排放cyanide, arsenic, mercury discharged铅、镉、六价铬lead, cadmium, sexivalent chromium 城市垃圾无害化处理率decontamination rate of urban refuse垃圾填埋场refuse landfill垃圾焚化厂refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林protect forests from overexploitation森林砍伐率rate of deforestation水土流失water and soil erosion土壤盐碱化soil alkalization农药残留pesticide residue水土保持conservation of water and soil生态农业environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture水资源保护区water resource conservation zone海水淡化sea water desalinization保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource绿化祖国turn the country green全民义务植树日National Tree-Planting Day造林工程afforestation project绿化面积afforested areas; greening space森林覆盖率forest coverage防风林wind breaks （防沙林sand breaks）速生林fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源develop renewable resources环保产品environment-friendly products自然保护区nature reserve野生动植物wild fauna and flora保护生存环境conserve natural habitats濒危野生动物endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地rare and endangered species breeding center自然生态系统natural ecosystems防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙）desertification环境负荷carrying capacity of environment三废综合利用multipurpose use of three types of wastes先天与后天，遗传与环境nature-nurture美化环境landscaping design for environmental purposes防止沿海地带不可逆转恶化protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation环境恶化environmental degradation城市化失控uncontrolled urbanization温饱型农业subsistence agriculture贫困的恶性循环vicious cycle of poverty大气监测系统atmospheric monitoring system空气污染浓度air pollution concentration酸雨、越境空气污染acid rain and transboundary air pollution二氧化硫排放sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions悬浮颗粒物suspended particles工业粉尘排放industrial dust discharged烟尘排放soot emissions二氧化氮nitrate dioxide (NO2)矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气）fossil fuels: coal, oil,and natural gas清洁能源clean energy汽车尾气排放motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器exhaust purifier无铅汽油lead-free gasoline天然气汽车gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车cell-driven vehicles; battery cars氯氟烃CFCs温室效应greenhouse effect厄尔尼诺南徊ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) 噪音noise （分贝db; decibel）化学需氧量（衡量水污染程度的一个指标）COD；chemical oxygen demand生物需氧量BOD; biological oxygen demand工业废水处理率treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水处理率treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中处理厂centralized treatment plant红潮red tide (rapid propagation of sea algae英语"气象"用语表达法1、气候种类山地气候mountain climate 恒风constant wind 微风breeze冬季季风气候winter monsoon climate 逆风headwind 台风typhoon季风气候monsoon climate 高气压high-pressure 锋面frontal edge亚热带气候sub-tropical climate 气团air mass 热浪heat wave高原气候plateau climate 闪电lightning 雾fog 海滨气候littoral climate 凉cool 霜frost极地气候polar climate 雪堆snowdrift 露dew 热带气候tropical climate 寒冷chilly 3、风的名称温带沙漠气候temperate desert climate 间歇雨intermittent rain 无风calm温带干燥气候temperate arid climate 大雨heavy rain 轻风light breeze热带季风气候tropical monsson climate 信风trade wind 微风gentle breeze大陆气候continental climate 天气预报weather forecast 和风moderate breeze沙漠气候desert climate 甘霖welcome rain 清风fresh breeze沿海气候coastal climate 冰柱icicle 强风strong breeze高地气候highland climate 西北风northwester 疾风near gale海洋气候marine climate 地形雨local rains 大风gale森林气候forest climate 狂风squall 烈风strong gale温带气候temperate climate 雨季rainy season 狂风storm湿润气候humid climate 雨点raindrops 暴风violent storm温带草原气候temperate grassy climate 东北信风northeast trades 飓风hurricane热带雨林气候tropical rainy climate 东南风southeaster 台风typhoon热带海洋气候tropical marine climate 风级wind scale 龙卷风tornado2、气象用语虹rainbow 4、浪的名称小雨light rain 阵雨shower 平静calm毛毛雨drizzle,fine rain 疾风gusty wind 微波rippled反常天气freakish weather 气旋cyclone 微浪smooth wavelets北风north wind 气压barometric pressure 细浪light seas冰ice 阴天cloudy day 小浪moderate seas冰点freezing point 雪花snow flake 中浪rough seas西南风southwester 晴clear 大浪very rough seas冷峰cold front 顺风favorable wind 强浪high seas低气压low-pressure 闷热天气muggy weather 巨浪very high seas雨量rainfall 雹hail 狂浪monster waves东北风northeaster 雷thunder 5、自然灾害东风east wind 滂沱大雨downpour 火山地震volcanic earthquake炎热scorching heat 暖锋warm front 海啸tidal wave风眼eye of a storm 零度zero 山崩landslide零度以下subzero。
潮汐与潮流
潮汐与潮流2008-04-02 22:28:09| 分类：自然地理| 标签：|字号大中小订阅潮汐与潮流潮汐（Tide）是海面周期性的升降运动。
与潮汐现象同时发生的还有海水周期性的水平流动，即潮流（Tidal Stream）。
潮汐与渔业、盐业、港口建筑、以及海水动力利用有着十分密切的关系。
潮汐与航海的关系也非常重要，将直接影响船舶的航行计划的实施和航海安全，如需要通过浅水区，须预先依据潮汐资料计算出当地潮高、潮时，并正确调整吃水差；为了保证船舶安全地航行在计划航线上，须随时掌握当的潮汐与潮流资料，观测船位，调整航向。
即使是在港内，也不容忽视潮汐、潮流对船舶安全的影响。
在沿岸航行中，船长的航行命令、公司的航行规章制度、国际性机构对航行值班驾驶员的指导性文件中，都将掌握当时和未来的潮汐和潮流列为确保航行安全的驾驶台工作的重要内容。
潮汐学有着丰富的内容，本章仅从航海应用实际出发，阐述潮汐的基本成因、潮汐术语、潮流的计算方法等内容。
§13—1 潮汐的基本成因和潮汐术语一、潮汐的成因海水的涨落现象是由诸多复杂因素决定的，经研究表明，潮汐产生的原动力，是天体的引潮力，即天体的引力、地球与天体相对运动所需的惯性离心力的向量和。
其中最主要的是月球的引潮力，其次是太阳的引潮力。
本章仅从航海实际需要出发，扼要地利用平衡潮理论（静力学理论）分析潮汐的基本成因，并对调和常数分析法作简单扼要的介绍。
平衡潮理论是牛顿创立的，所谓平衡潮是指海水在引潮力和重力作用下，达到平衡时的潮汐。
为了使问题简化，作以下两个假设：1、整个地球被等深的海水所覆盖，所有自然地理因素对潮汐不起作用；2、海水没有摩擦力、惯性力，外力使海水在任何时候都处于平衡状态。
下面以月引潮力为例来分析潮汐的成因：㈠月球的引力根据万有引力定律，有：式中：mM ——月球质量；mE——地球质量；R——地月中心距离；k——万有引力系数。
而地球表面上至月球中心距离为X的单位质点P所受的引力为：所以：（如图5-1-1所示）月球引力的方向：均指向月心；大小：与天体的距离的平方成反比。
潮流潮汐
潮汐现象潮汐(Tide)：海面在外力作用下产生的周期性的升降现象。
白天的海面上升为潮，晚上的海面上升为汐。
涨潮（Rising tide或Flood tide）：海面上升的过程。
落潮（Falling tide或Ebb tide ）：海面下降的过程。
高潮（High Water）：海面涨到最高位置时，称为高潮。
低潮（Low Water）：海面落到最低位置时，称为低潮。
潮流（Tidal Stream）：伴随海面周期性的升降运动而产生的海水周期性的水平方向的流动。
潮汐的变化周期：指相邻高潮或相邻低潮的时间间隔，一般大约为半天或一天，即所谓的半日潮和日潮。
注意的是：海水的涨落时快时慢，高潮后，海面下降速度缓慢，到高、低潮中间附近时下降速度最快，随后又减慢，直到发生低潮。
停潮（Slack Tide）：低潮前后的一段时间内，海面处于停止状态，称为停潮。
低潮时（Time of Low Water）：简记T L W，停潮的中间时刻。
平潮（Slack Tide）：高潮前后的一段时间内，海面处于停止状态，称为平潮。
高潮时（Time of High Water）：简记T H W，平潮的中间时刻。
涨潮时间（Duration of Rise）：从低潮到高潮的时间间隔。
落潮时间（Duration of Fall）：从高潮到低潮的时间间隔。
潮汐的基本成因潮汐由天体的引潮力产生的。
引潮力：天体的引力和惯性离心力的合力。
对潮汐影响较大的是月球和太阳的引潮力，其中月球引潮力是产生潮汐的主要因素，包括月球的引力和地球绕月地公共质心进行平动运动所产生的惯性离心力。
月球连续两次上（下）中天的平均时间间隔约为24h50m，即一个太阴日，故在一个太阴日中同一地点产生两次高潮和两次低潮，相邻高（低）潮的时间间隔为12h25m。
在一个太阴日中，两个高潮和两个低潮有明显的差异；涨落潮的时间间隔也不相等称为潮汐的周日不等。
其中较高的一次高潮叫高高潮(HHW)，较低的一次高潮叫低高潮(LHW)，而两次低潮中较高的一次叫高低潮(HLW)，较低的一次叫低低潮(LLW)。
第四章潮汐概述(1)介绍
2018/10/21
附港潮汐推算（中版）
差比数表预报内容 公式 附港高(低)潮潮时＝主港高(低)潮潮时＋高(低)潮潮时差 附港高(低)潮潮高＝[主港高(低)潮潮高－（主港MSL＋主 港SC）]×潮差比＋（附港MSL＋附港SC）（SC>10cm） 或：附港高(低)潮潮高＝主港高(低)潮潮高×潮差比＋改 正值（SC<10cm） 步骤 实例1、实例2
2018/10/21
潮汐术语3
平均大潮高潮面 （Mean high water spring, MHWS） 平均大潮低潮面 （Mean low water spring, MLWS） 平均小潮高潮面 （Mean high water neap, MHWN） 平均小潮低潮面 （Mean low water neap, MLWN）
2018/10/21
附港潮汐推算实例1（中版）
例1：求铜沙94年2月1日高(低)潮潮时、潮高。
解：查1994年第一册《潮汐表》差比数表得：
附港铜沙： 编号 5012；MSL：260cm 铜沙主港：吴凇（编号5006；MSL：202cm）
高潮时差：－0157；低潮时差：－0221 潮差比：1.21； 铜沙、吴凇季节改正均为-025cm。
潮汐术语2
潮差（Tidal range）：相邻高低潮潮高之差 回归潮（Tropic tide）： max,周日不等现象最显著 分点潮（Equinoctial tide） min,周日不等现象最小 高高潮（Higher high water, HHW）：1个太阴日中 高低潮（Higher low water, HLW） 低低潮（Lower low water, LLW） 低高潮（Lower high water, LHW）
英语专业名词(水利方面)
英语专业名词(水利方面)hydrosphere水体water body水科学water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学applied hydrology工程水文学engineering hydrology地表水surface water地下水groundwater水汽water vapour水文要素hydrologic elements降水precipitation雨季rainy season雪snow积雪snow cover初雪first snow终雪latest snow融雪snowmelt冰雹hail截留interception填洼depression detention地面滞留surface detention陆面蒸发evaporation of land水面蒸发evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration蒸发能力evaporation capability下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗steady infiltration下渗能力infiltration capability河川径流river runoff降雨径流rainfall runoff暴雨径流storm runoff融雪径流snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoff基流base flow洪水flood阴塞高压blocking high低空急流low－level jet低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋tropic cyclone热带低压tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴severe tropic storm 台风typhoon气团air mass锋（锋面）front天气weather气象meteorology气候climate气候区划climatic regionalization 气候带climatic zone气候变化climatic change小气候microclimate热带tropic zone副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone 比湿specific humidity风wind风向wind direction风速wind speed蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale露dew露点dew point雾fog霜frost霜点frost point初霜first frost终霜latest frost霜冻frostbite无霜期frost－free period流域watershed (basin)流域面积（集水面积）drainage area闭合流域enclosed basin不闭合流域non－enclosed basin闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域特征basin characteristics流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics 河道复流（河道再生）resurgence常年河perennial stream间歇河intermittent stream悬河（地上河）elevated stream夺流河（断头河）captured river盈水河gaining stream亏水河losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream地下暗河（地下河）underground river 界河boundary river国际河流international river废河道（古河道）dead river岸bank左岸left bank右岸right bank凹岸concave bank凸岸convex bank岸壁land wall水边线（岸线）water line堤防levee河长river length河弯river bend弯曲率tortuosity航道navigable channel河段reach上游upstream潜洲submerged bar深潭deep pool水利学hydraulics明渠水力学open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流open channel flow恒定流steady flow非恒定流unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）non－uniform flow 急流supercritical flow缓流subcritical flow异重流density current临界流critical flow临界水深critical depth临界流速critical velocity临界流量critical discharge水头head位置水头（位能）elevation head 低强水头（压能）pressure head 流速水头（动能）velocity head 雷诺数Reymold number韦伯数Weber number水力因素hydraulic factor湿周wetted perimeter水力半径hydraulic radius宽深比width－depth ratio中泓线midstream of channel深泓线Thatweg落差fall瀑布waterfall波浪wave驻波standing wave移动波translation wave河流动力学river dynamics河流泥沙river sediment泥沙特征property of sediment土壤侵蚀soil erosion水力侵蚀water erosion山洪侵蚀torrential erosion流域侵蚀basin erosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield 溶解性总固体total dissolved solids 离子含量ion concentration离子总量total ion concentration离子流量ion discharge矿化度mineral content盐度salinityPH值ph value碱度alkalinity酸度acidity酸雨acid rain电导率electric conductivity混浊度（浊度）turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand溶解氧dissolved oxygen需氧量oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonate hardness 硬水hard water浮冰floating ice锚冰anchor ice封冻期freeze－up period封冻（封河）freeze－up平封flat freeze－up立封upright freeze－up冰盖ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘ice mound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze－up清沟lead初生清沟primary lead再生清沟secondary lead冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪snow cover over ice冰脊ice ridge冰缝crack悬冰suspended ice cover冰堆ice pack冰塞ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解冻期break－up period冰变色color change of ice cover冰上有水accumulation of melt water 月中天lunar transit引潮力tidal generation force天文潮astronomic tide气象潮metorologic tide潮汐周期tidal cycle半日潮semidiurnal tide全日潮diurnal tide混合潮mixed tide大潮spring tide小潮neap tide中潮moderate tide太阴月lunar day潮期duration of tide涨潮历时duration of tidal rise落潮历时duration of tidal fall潮流tidal current涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal current憩流slack tide潮流速tidal velocity往复流reversing current旋转流rotary current潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current地下水径流groundwater runoff地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图water－table contour map 含水层aquifer含水岩系water－content rock series含水岩组water－content rock formation含水岩性water－content rock property含水介质water－hearing medium均匀介质homogeneous medium非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界permeable boundary隔水边界confining boundary弱透水边界acquitted boundary透水层permeable bed隔水层confining bed弱透水层acquitter水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters渗透系数permeability coefficient导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度water－holding capacity土壤水分常数soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数wilting coefficient田间持水量field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法zero flux plane method潜水phreatic water降水入渗补给precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge凝结水补给condensation recharge侧向补给lateral recharge越流补给leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water level潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer内流湖endorheic lake淡水湖fresh lake咸水湖salt lake盐湖saline lake季节性湖泊seasonal lake富营养湖泊eutrophic lake贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake湖流lake current梯度流gradient current漂流current of friction湖浪lake wave湖泊波漾（假湖）lake seiche湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation湖泊资源lake resources湖泊率lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake 湖泊换水周期lake residence period湖盆lake basin湖面高程elevation of water level in lake 岛屿率insulosity湖泊分层lake layering正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lake 高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）main level mire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）medium level mire 沼泽水文mire hydrology沼泽水量平衡water balanceof mire沼泽水mire water沼泽蒸发mire evaporation沼泽径流mire runoff沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire沼泽含水性moistureproperty of mire沼泽持水性water retention of mire沼泽透水性perviousness of mire沼泽率mire ratio冰川glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier谷冰川valley glacier宽尾冰川broad－tail glacier冰斗冰川cirque glacier悬冰川hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier冰原ice field冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier委托观测entrust gauging水文仪器hydrologic instrument直读仪器direct－reading instrument自记仪器automatic－recording instrument遥测仪器remote telemetry unit传感器sensor固态存贮器solid storage计数器counter记录器recorder显示器display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures 相应水位equivalent stage水文测站hydrometric station基本站basic station辅助站auxiliary station专用站special station水文试验站hydraulic experimental station基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station水文气象站hydrometeorology station巡测站tour gauging station水文站gauging station雨量站网rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网stage gauging network泥沙站网sediment gauging network水质站网water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater voservation well network 站网规划hydrologic network planning水文分区hydrologic regionalization站网布设network layout站网分析network analysis站网检验network examination站网优化network optimization站网调整network adjustment站网密度network density现实密度real density可用密度usable density容许最稀站网minimum network设站年限station required age水文信息hydrologic information水文效益hydrologic benefit基面datum临时水准点temporary benchmark测验断面measuring cross－section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross－section流速仪测流断面current－meter measuring cross－section 浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section比降水尺断面slope measuring cross－section辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross－section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross－section水文缆道hydrometric cableway悬索缆道suspended cableway悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway机动缆道motorized cableway手动缆道hand－operating cableway主索main cable循环索loop cable起重索suspension cable水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat缆道测验仪cableway measuring device水文测船hydrometric boat水文测桥hydrometric bridge桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry 雨量器raingauge承水器raingauge receiver量杯measuring glass渠积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量计rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping－bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long－term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar雪量线snow gauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量evaporation蒸发量观测evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation 遮挡率screen ratio蒸发器evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation panE－601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E－601漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan蒸发计evaporimeter遇测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter钩形水尺hook gauge最高水位水尺crest stage gauge校核水尺check gauge基本水尺断面basic gauge辅助水尺断面auxiliary gauge比降水尺断面slope gauge临时水尺temporary gauge水位计stage gauge自记水位计stage recorder浮子式水位计float－type stage recorder压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井stilling well水深depth测得水深measured depth有效水深effective depth相对水深relative depth断面平均水深mean depth at a cross－section干绳改正air line correction湿绳改正wet line correction测点流速velocity measurement测速垂线surface velocity水面流速velocity at a point测点流速maximum point velocity最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment断面平均流速cross－section velocity distribution浮标流速point velocity coefficient中泓流速surface velocity coefficient流速分布velocity distribution流速梯度velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross－section velocity distribution 水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient顺流downstream flow逆流upstream flow流速脉动velocity pulsation中泓流速midstream流向测量flow－direction measurement体积法cubature流速仪current－meter转子式流速仪rotating－element current－meter旋杯式流速仪cup－type current－meter旋桨式流速仪propeller－type current－meter电波流速仪electric wave current－meter超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current－meter 多普勒流速仪Doppler current－meter参证流速仪reference current－meter流量计flow meter文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter毕托管Pitot tube流速仪检定current－meter calibration检定槽calibration tank检定车calibration carriage浮标float水面浮标surface float小浮标small float双浮标double float浮杆float－rod堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶水头weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure 闸门开启高度gate opening行近河槽approach channel行近流速approach velocity堰流weir flow流态flow regime自由流free flow淹没流submerged flow半淹没流half－submerged flow孔流sluice flow射流jet flow淹没比submergence ratio淹没系数submergence coefficient流速系数velocity coefficient流量系数discharge coefficient稀释法测流dilution method for discharge measurement 示踪剂tracer标准溶液standard solution背景浓度background concentration solution稀释比dilution ratio推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器策法sampling method坑测法pit method沙波法dune tracking method床沙测验bed material measurement照相法photographic method打印法stamp pad method床沙采样器bed material sampler悬移质采样器suspended sediment sampler瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler积时式采样器time－integrating sampler瓶式采样器bottled sampler皮囊式采样器collapsible sample泵式采样器pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter 光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter 振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter 推移质采样器bed load sampler网式采样器basket－type sampler吸管pipet光电颗分仪photoelectric particle size meter比重计（密度计）hydrometer泥沙沉降sediment settling沉降速度settling velocity平均沉速mean settling velocity絮凝flocculation反凝剂defloeculant粒径particle diameter中数粒径median particle diameter平均粒径mean particle diameter等容粒径nominal diameter投影粒径projected diameter三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径sieve diameter沉降粒径settling diameter粒径组fraction of particle size颗粒级配grain－size distribution颗粒级配曲线grain－size distribution curve单样颗粒级配index sample grain－size distribution垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain－size distribution in a vertical对照断面check cross－section控制断面control cross－section消减断面attenuation cross－section水样保存water－sample preservation检出率detected ratio超标率over－limit ratio痕迹量trace未检出nonreadout回收率recovery ratio溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler冰情观测ice－regime observation固定点冰厚测址fixed－point ice thickness measurement 冰情目测visual observation of ice regime冰情符号ice code冰情图ice－regime charta初冰日期first－ice date封冰日期freeze－up date解冻日期break－up date终冰日期end ice date封冻历时freeze－up duration水浸冰厚thickness of immersed ice敲露水面宽open－water width冰流量ice discharge等深点流速改正法revised isobath－velocity method流速过程线改正法revised velocity－hydrograph method有效潮差significant tidal range负波高negative wave height水库水文测验hygrometry of reservoir入库水量reservoir inflow出库水量reservoir outflow水库供水reservoir water supply水库弃水surplus water released frome reservoir水库蓄水量reservoir storage水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage水库蓄水变率rate of reservoir storage change坝上水位stage behind dam库区水位stage in reservoir region水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume地形法method of topographic survey断面法method of cross－section survey淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition淤积三角洲sedimentation delta淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in karst areas 实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting area交换水量exchange water沙量调查silt－quantity investigation水质调查water quality investigation调查区investigation zone水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology 代表流域representative basin实验流域experimental basin相似流域similar basin径流实验研究experimental research in runoff径流场runoff plot人工降雨装置artificial rainfall device蒸发实验研究experimental research in evaporation 蒸发池evaporation tank土壤蒸发器soil evaporator蒸散器evapotranspirometer农田蒸发器evaporator for agricultural land蒸渗仪lysimeter地下水均衡场groundwater balance plot合理性检查rational examination电算整编processing by computer水文年鉴water year－book测站考证station examination站年station year平均值mean value极值extreme value加权平均法weighted mean method断流水位stage of zero flow河干river of zero flow水文过程线hydrograph水文综合过程线synthetic hydrograph等值线isopleth分布曲线distribution curve水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value 径流总量total runoff径流模数runoff modulus径流系数runoff coefficient洪峰flood peak洪水流量peak discharge洪水总量flood volume输沙量sediment runoff输沙模数modulus of sediment runoff水位流量关系stage－discharge relation连时序法chronological method绳套曲线loop curve流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method潮汐要素法tidal factor relation method定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method合轴相关法coaxial correlation method一潮推流法method of discharge computation for a single tide水位流量关系single－valuedprocessing of stage－discharge relation关系曲线延长extension of relation curve流率表rating table单断沙关系index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio of index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method单断沙比过程线法hydrograph method of index and cross－section average sediment concentration ratio单样过程线法hydrograph method of index sediment concentration自由度degree of freedom真值true value测量值（实测值）measured value最或然值most probable value误差error绝对误差absolute error相对误差relative error插机误差（偶然误差）random error系统误差systematic error允许误差permissible error平均误差mean error最大误差（极限误差）maximum error伪误差（粗差）spurious方差variance标准差standard deviation相对标准差relative standard deviation离差（偏差）deviation闭合差closure error平差adjustment精确度（总精度）accuracy精密度precision准确度correctness垂线抽样误差（M型误差）measuring vertical sampling error 数据库data base分布式数据库distributed type data base集中式数据库concentrated type data base网络式数据库network type data base层次数据库laminarization data base关系数据库relation data base数据模型data model关系数据模型relation data model层次数据模型laminarization data model网状数据模型network data model数据量data bulk结点node数据处理data processing数据存贮data storage数据检索data retrieval数据输入data input数据输出data output数据库文件data base file水文数据库hydrologic data base水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base湖泊水文预报hydrologic firecasting of lake施工水文预报hydrologic forecasting for construction period潮汐预报tidal prediction泥沙预报sediment forecasting旱情预报soil moisture forecasting地下水动态预报groundwater regime forecasting预见期forecast lead time短期水文预报short－term hydrologic forecasting中长期水文预报medium and long－term hydrologic forecasting超长期水文预报extended long－term hydrologic forecasting预报误差forecast error作业预报operational forecasting预报方案forecast scheme评定标准accuracy standard方案合格率qualified ratio of scheme确定性系数deterministic coefficient汛seasonal flood春汛spring flood伏汛summer flood秋汛autumn flood汛期flood season防汛flood defence报汛站flood－reporting station报汛站网flook－reporting network常年水情站perennial hydrologic reporting station 汛期水情站hydrologic reporting station inflood season辅助水清站网auxiliary hydrologic reporting network 洪水警报flood warning点雨量point rainfall面雨量areal rainfall泰森多边形Thiessen polygon等雨量线法isohyetal method产流runoff yield蓄满产流runoff yield at natural storage超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration产流面积area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流）direct runoff地面流（坡面流）surface flow of mire壤中流prompt subsurface flow前期影响雨量antecedent rainfall土壤缺水量soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）infiltration capability curve 初损initial losses后损（后渗）continuing losses坡面汇流overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）river network flow concentration 地下汇流groundwater flow concentration汇流曲线flow concentration curve流域汇流曲线basin flow concentration curve坡面汇流曲线overland flow concentration curve河网汇流曲线river network flow concentration curve地下汇流曲线groundwater flow concentration curve流域汇流时间basin flow concentration time洪峰滞时peak time lag流域滞时basin time lag等流滞时isochrone单位线unit hydrograph经验单位线empiricat unit hydrograph综合单位线synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph地貌瞬时单位线geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph坡地单位线slope unit hydrograph河网单位线river network unit hydrographS－曲线S－curve无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph退水曲线recession curve水文模型hydrologic model水文物理模型（水文实体模型）hydrophysical model比尺模型scale model比拟模型analogue model水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic mathematic model水文数学物理模型deterministic hydrologic model确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model分散式模型distributed model集总式模型lumped model线性水温模型linear hydrologic model非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model时不变水文模型time－invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型time－variant hydrologic model流域水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model of watershed模型结构model structure模型参数model parameter模型误差model error模型率定model calibration模型检验model verification水文模拟hydrologic simulation遥测终端机telemetry terminal meter中继机relay meter前置通信控制机preset communication controller自报式系统self－reporting system查询－应答式系统polling－answerback system混合式系统mix system时分制遥测系统time－division telemetry system频分制遥测系统frequency－division telemetry system误码率probability of word error接受率receiving probability数据收集平台data collection platform水文计算（水文分析计算）hydrologic computation设计站design station设计流域design watershed代表站representative station参证站bench－mark station典型年（代表年）typicyear水文系列hydrologic series同步系列synchronous series系列代表性series representativeness柱状图histogram诺谟图monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）computation of sediment runoff水库回水计算computation of reservoir backwater水库淤积计算computation of reservoir sedimentation水库下游河道冲刷计算computation of degradation belowreservoir溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood感潮河段水力计算hydraulic calculation for tidal reach水文统计hydrologic statistics总体population样本sample样本容量sample size随机变量random variable随机系列random series累计频率（频率）cumulative frequency经验频率empirical frequency水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）hydrologic frequency distribution curve皮尔逊分布Pearson distribution对数正态分布log normal distribution频率分析frequency analysis随机模拟stochastic simulation时间序列time series随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis趋势项trend term周期项cycle term随机项stochastic term调和分析（谐波分析）harmonic analysis潜分析spectrum analysis噪声noise回归分析（相关分析）regression analysis相关系数correlation coefficient自回归分析autoregression analysis逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis设计供水design flood溢洪道设计洪水spillway design flood分期设计洪水stage design flood施工设计洪水design flood for construction period 校核洪水check flood实测洪水observed flood调查洪水investigated flood古洪水paleoflood坝址洪水dam－site flood入库洪水reservoir inflow flood分项调查法item－by－item investigation method 降雨径流模型法rainfall－runoff model method蒸发差值法evaporation difference method径流年内分配annual distribution of runoff径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff丰水期high－water period平水期normal－water period枯水期（枯季）low－flow period丰水年wet year平水年（中水年）normal year枯水年dry year特枯水年extraordinary dry year连续丰水年continuous wet years连续枯水年continuous dry years水文年鉴water year设计暴雨design storm设计雨型design storm pattern暴雨路径storm track暴雨时程分配time distribution of storm暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm暴雨参数等值线storm parametric isoline map 点面换算系数point－area conversion coefficient 点面关系point－area relationship定点定面关系fixedpoint－fixed area relationship可能最大露点probable maximum dew point暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction流域形状改正watershed shape correction水汽改正moisture correction入流障碍改正inflow obstacle correction综合改正synthetic correction暴雨幅合分量convergence component of storm地形增强因子topographic increasing factor等百分数法isopercental method可能最大洪水probable maximum flood涝surface water logging渍subsurface waterlogging排涝surface waterlogging control排渍subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划waterlogging control planning排涝标准standard for waterlogging control排涝计算computation of waterlogging control设计排涝流量design discharge for surface drainage设计排渍流量design drainage discharge of subsurfacewaterlogging control设计排涝水位design water level for surface drainage水资源危机water resources crisis水荒water famine水能资源（水力资源）waterpower resources河流水能资源waterpower resources of river潮汐水能资源tidal power resources可开发的水能资源developable waterpower resources 水资源评价water resources assessment水资源基础评价water resources basic assessment水量评价water quantity assessment水质评价water quality assessment地表水资源评价surface water resources assessment地下水资源评价groundwater resources assessment水资源评价指标indexes of water resources assessment 水资源总量total amount of water resources地表水资源量surface water resources amount地下水资源量groundwater resources amount可利用量utilizable water地下水可开采量groundwater available yield可供水量available water supply径流调节runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization水库调洪reservoir flood routing水库供水调节reservoir regulation for water supply水电站径流调节runoff regulation of hydropower regulation水库反调节reregulating reservoir水库群调节multi－reservoir regulation径流调节计算computation of runoff regulation时历法（长系列操作法）chronological series method概率法（数理统计法）probability method随机模拟法stochastic simulation method调节周期regulating period目标函数objective function约束方程constraint equation状态变量state variable决策变量decision variable数学规划mathematic programming线性规划linear programming非线性规划nonlinear programming水库防洪调度flood control scheduling of reservoir水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling水库群调度multi－reservoir scheduling水库预报调度reservoir scheduling based on forecast抽水蓄能pumped storage水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment水环境water environment水环境要素（水环境基质）water environment elements水环境背景值（水环境本底值）water environmental background value水生态系统aquatic ecosystem化学径流chemical runoff环境用水environmental water环境水文学environmental hydrology环境水力学environmental hydraulics环境水化学environmental hydrochemistry地下水超量开采groundwater overdraft人工补给（人工回灌）artificial recharge地下水降落漏斗groundwater depression cone化学水污染chemical water pollution无机物水污染water pollution by inorganic substances有机物水污染water pollution by organic substances有毒物质水污染water pollution by toxic substances放射性水污染radioactive water pollution热污染thermal pollution生物水污染water pollution by organism富营养化eutrophication赤潮red tide次生水污染secondary water pollution地下水污染groundwater pollution水污染常规分析指标index of routine analysis for water pollution水污染遥感监测remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution污染物pollutant污染物迁移transport of pollutant机械迁移physical transport物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport人为污染源artificial pollution source天然污染源natural pollution source污染源调查investigation of pollution sources污染源控制pollution source control水质参数water quality parameters水质模型water quality model水温模型water temperature model水质生物评价biologic assessment of water quality水环境效益water environmental effect水污染环境效应environmental effect of water pollution水环境影响评价water environmental impact assessment水环境保护water environmental protection水质规划water quality planning河流水质规划river water quality planning水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning水污染综合防治规划planning of comprehensive water pollution control水源保护区protection zone of water source水质管理water quality management水污染源管理water pollution source management蒸发evaporation径流runoff水位stage流速velocity流量discharge含沙量sediment concentration输沙率sediment discharge水温模型water temperature冰凌ice run水质water quality下垫面underlying surface水文情势hydrologic regime水文效应hydrologic effect水文循环（水循环）hydrologic cycle水量平衡water balance热量平衡heat balance盐量平衡salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content 大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport 水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux雨rain降雨面积rainfall area降雨分布rainfall distribution暴雨洪水storm flood冰凌洪水（凌讯）ice flood冰雪洪水ice－snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt flood山洪flash flood溃坝洪水dam－break flood大气环流atmospheric circulation天气形势（环流形势）weather situation天气过程weather process天气系统weather system行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system 天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system 中小尺度天气系统meso and micro－scale weather 风暴潮storm surge风暴中心storm center西风槽westerly trough东风波easterly wave低压槽trough高压脊ridge副热带高压subtropic high温带extratropic zone寒带frigid zone。
航海英语单词
航海英语单词【避碰】determine [简明英汉词典]v.打算, 确定, 测定, 使下定决心, [律]使终止determine [英汉航海大词典]n.确定restricted visibility [[名词委审定]英汉航海科技名词] 能见度不良exhibit [简明英汉词典]vt.展出, 陈设n.展览品, 陈设品, 展品v.呈现exhibit [英汉航海大词典]n.正表be considered to [英汉航海大词典]vt.被认为estimate [简明英汉词典]v.估量, 估价, 评估n.估量, 估价, 评估normally [简明英汉词典]adv.正常地, 通常地normally [英汉航海大词典] n.标准形态impractical [简明英汉词典] adj.不切实际的, 昧于实际的so far as [简明英汉词典]只需so far as [英汉航海大词典] prep.就...来说,在...范围内possible [简明英汉词典] justify [简明英汉词典]v.证明...是正值的justify [英汉航海大词典] n.验证adj.可能的, 可能存在或发生的possible [英汉航海大词典] n.可能的,合理的detect [简明英汉词典]vt.察觉, 发觉, 侦查, 探测v.发觉directed [简明英汉词典]有指点的有管理的定向的被把握的special construction [简明英汉词典]特用型式，特殊结构special construction [英汉512专利大词典]特殊结构特殊结构government [简明英汉词典]n.政府, 内阁, 政治, 政体government [英汉航海大词典]n.政府,行政管理crossing situation [[名词委审定]英汉航海科技名词] 交叉相遇局面crossing situation [英汉航海大词典]n.交叉相遇局面as possible [英汉航海大词典]adv.尽可能determined [简明英汉词典]adj.坚决的, 打算了的necessary for [英汉航海大词典]if possible [简明英汉词典]假如可能的话if possible [英汉航海大词典]conj.可能的话,假如可能的话stand-on vessel [[名词委审定]英汉航海科技名词] 直航船】adj.为...所需的prescribe [简明英汉词典]v.指示, 规定, 处(方), 开(药)as long as [简明英汉词典]只需, 在...的时候as long as [英汉航海大词典]prep.只需,...之久finally [简明英汉词典]regarding [简明英汉词典]practicable [简明英汉词典]adj.能实行的, 行得通的, 可以实行的practicable [英汉航海大词典]traffic lane [简明英汉词典]通车车道traffic lane [[名词委审定]英汉航海科技名词]通航分道traffic lane [英汉航海大词典]adj.单独的, 独一无二的, 孤单的, 独自的adv.独自地diamond [简明英汉词典]n.钻石, 菱形diamond [[七国言语]英汉机械大词典]金刚石Diamond [英汉512专利大词典]珠宝n.车道n.能实行的prep.关于adv.最终, 最终, 不行更改地, 打算性地yardarm [简明英汉词典]n.[航海] 桁端, 横杆端yardarm [英汉航海大词典]n.桁端模杆端,帆桁端restrict in [英汉航海大词典]vt.在...方面遭到限制,约束term [简明英汉词典]n.学期, 期限, 期间, 条款, 条件, 术语n.期限,条件TERM [航空英语缩写词典]Terminal 起点站,终端,航站Terminate 终止Termination 终止,终端machinery [简明英汉词典]n.[总称] 机器, 机械machinery [[名词委审定]英汉机械工程名词(一, 定义版)] 机械机器与机构的总称。
海洋专业术语修改校对版
北冰洋Arctic Ocean 大西洋Atlantic Ocean南大洋Southern Ocean 太平洋Pacific Ocean洋ocean 印度洋Indian Ocean渤海Bohai Sea 東海East China Sea海sea 海洋marine海域sea areas 黃海Yellow Sea南海South China Sea 边缘海marginal sea潮间帶intertidal zone 潮上帶supratidal zone潮下帶subtidal zone 大陆边缘continental margin大陆架continental shelf 海滨seashore海峡channel 陆地岸线continental coastline 陆海inland sea 河口estuarine水准面geoid 高程起算面base sea level海表面sea surface layer 海平面sea level微表面sea tiny surface layer 平均海平面mean sea level 深度基准面datum for sounding reduction 海图基准面chart datum 岸礁shore reef 堡礁barrier reef岛弧island arc 岛屿islands and islets环礁atoll 珊瑚礁coral reef3 海洋科学工程海洋学marine engineering 海洋地理学marine geography海洋地质学marine geology 海洋地球物理学marine geophysics 海洋化学marine chemistry 海洋技术marine technology海洋经济学marine economics 海洋生态学marine ecology海洋科学marine sciences；ocean sciences海洋生物学marine biology 海洋物理学marine physics海洋学oceanography；oceanology 军事海洋学military oceanography 卫星海洋学satellite oceanography 物理海洋学physical oceanography 区域海洋学regional oceanography 海洋动力学marine dynamics动力海洋学dynamical oceanography 海洋气象学marine meteorology 海洋光学marine optics 海洋声学marine acoustics 水声学acoustics 古海洋学paleoceanography海洋沉积学marine sedimentology 海洋地层学oceanic stratigraphy 海水分析化学analytical chemistry of sea water海洋地球化学marine geochemistry 海洋生物化学marine biochemistry 海洋物理化学marine physical chemistry 河口化学estuarine chemistry 初级生产力primary productivity 海洋生态系（统）marine ecosystems 渔业海洋学fisheries oceanography 海洋生物学marine organism海岸带资源coastal zone resources 海底资源submarine resources 海底矿产【资源】submarine mineral [resources]海水化学资源marine chemistry resources海水【水】资源sea water resource 海洋可再生资源ocean reproducible resources海洋空间【资源】ocean space [resource] 海洋能marine energy resources 海洋生物资源marine biological resources海洋药物marine pharmaceuticals海洋资源marine resources海洋产业ocean industry 海洋经济marine economy 海洋开发marine exploitation 海洋旅游sea tourism海洋农牧化sea farming and ranching 海洋倾倒区dumping zone at sea 海洋渔业marine fishery 海洋资源保护marine resources protection 多金属结核polymetallic nodule, multimetal nodule多金属结壳polymetallic encrustation 多金属泥metalliferous mud 海底地壳热流sea-bottom hot flow 海底砂矿submarine placer海底热液矿床submarine hydrothermal deposits海底油田submarine oil field 反渗透reverse osmosis，RO电渗祈[脱盐] electrodialysis [desalination]，ED 海水sea water海水淡化sea water desalination 海水直接利用direct use of seawater 苦咸水bitter and salty water膜[水处理]元件membrane[water treatment] element[水处理]膜[water treatment]membrane水处理设备the equipment for water treatment蒸馏[淡化]法distillation process for desalination海上人工岛marine artificial island海上养殖工程mariculture engineering海上油气开发工程exploitative engineering of offshore petroleumexploitative engineering of gas reservoir海洋工程ocean engineering 海洋工程地质marine engineering geology 海洋工程环境marine engineering environment大陆架公约convention on the continental shelf地理不利国geographically disadvantaged state防倾倒公约prevent dumping convention伦敦倾废公约London dumping convention 公海high seas公海公约convention on the high seas 海洋政策marine polity国际海洋法international law of the sea 海图sea chart海洋功能区划division of marine functional zonation海洋法law of the sea 海洋权right of the sea海域划界delimitation of boundaries on the sea海洋法公约UN Convention on the Law of the Sea领海territorial sea 领水territorial water领海基点territorial sea base point 领海基线baseline of territorial sea 领海宽度breadth of the territorial sea领海的司法管辖权judicial jurisdiction over territorial sea领海通过批准制度ratify regime on territorial sea through领海外部界限outer limit of the territorial sea 水internal waters领海主权sovereignty of the territorial sea 毗连区contiguous zone 群岛海道通过archipelagic sea lanes passage群岛基线archipelagic baseline 群岛水域archipelagic water群岛制度institution of archipelago 群岛原则regime of archipelago 定常基线normal baseline 直线基缝straight baseline专属经济区exclusive economic zone 专属渔区exclusive fishing zone 管理management 海岸带管理coastal zone management 海藉sea area use register 海藉管理management of sea area use register 海上倾倒dumping at sea 岛屿管理management of sea islands 海洋管理marine management海洋行业管理management by marine trades海洋环境管理marine environmental management海洋权益管理marine right and interests management海洋资源管理marine resources management海域使用法律制度legal regime for the sea area use海域使用管理management of the sea area use海域使用论证feasibility assessment of the sea area use海洋环境marine environment海洋环境保护marine environmental protection海洋环境评价marine environmental assessment海洋环境污染损害marine environmental pollution damage海洋环境影响评价marine environmental impact assessment海洋环境质量marine environmental quality海洋环境质量评价marine environmental quality assessment海洋[环境]自然保护区marine[environmental] nature reserve;marine protected area海洋污染控制marine pollution control 海洋污染物marine pollutant 海洋污染物背景值marine pollutant background潮流预报tidal current forecast 海冰预报sea ice forecast风暴潮预警报storm surge forecasting and warning海浪预报ocean wave forecast 海啸警报tsunami forecast海洋环境警报marine environmental alarm海洋环境预报marine environmental forecasting；marine environmental prediction海洋数值预报numerical forecast of marine海洋灾害评估disaster assessment of marine[海洋]地质勘探 geologic prospecting 大面观测sea area observation [海洋]调查oceanographic survey; oceanographic investigation海洋环境监测marine environment monitoring海洋环境监视marine monitoring 定点观测fixed point observation 标准断面调查standard selection investigation定时观测timed observation 断面观测sectional observation辅助观测opportune observation[海洋]常规监测continuous observation海洋连续观测continuous observation[海洋]遥感[观测] [marine]remote sensing[observation][海洋]走航观测[ocean]cruising observation海洋反演数据oceanographic inversion data海洋历史数据（信息、资料）oceanographic history data (information、material) 海洋实测数据oceanography observed data海洋实时数据oceanography timely data标准体系standards system 海洋标准marine standard海洋标准化oceanography standardization ; marine standardization技术法规technical regulation 海洋计量oceanographic metrology 国家法定计量单位national legal unit of measurement[海洋计量器具的]检定verification[of a oceanographic measuring instrument] 海洋[特殊]量marine quantity 海洋要素marine elements 海洋[特殊]量值marine value[of a marine quantity]参比性能特性reference performance characteristic附加误差additive error 海洋测量仪器oceanographic instrument [海洋测量仪器的]计量性能metrological characteristic [of a oceanographic instrument][海洋测量仪器的]准确度accuracy [of a oceanographic instrument [海洋测量仪器]响应时间response time [of a oceanographic instrument] [海洋测量仪器]响应特性response characteristic [of a oceanographic instrument][海洋测量仪器]影响量influence quantities [of a oceanographic instrument][海洋测量仪器]准确度等级accuracy class [of a oceanographic instrument]海洋仪器设备oceanographic instruments and equipments[海洋仪器设备]安全性safety [of a oceanographic instrument][海洋仪器设备]参考条件reference conditions [of a oceanographic instrument]；reference conditions [of a marine instrument][海洋仪器设备]额定操作条件rated operating conditions [of a oceanographic instrument]；rated operating conditions [of a marine instrument]；[海洋仪器设备]极限条件limiting conditions [of a oceanographic instrument]；limiting conditions [of a marine instrument]；[海洋仪器设备]互换性interchangeability [of a oceanographic instrument]；interchangeability [of a marine instrument]；[海洋仪器设备]环境适应性environment applicability [of a oceanographic instrument]；environment applicability [of a marine instrument]；[海洋仪器设备]可靠度reliability [of a oceanographic instrument]；reliability [of a marine instrument]；[海洋仪器设备]可靠性reliability [of a oceanographic instrument]；reliability performance[of a marine instrument]；[海洋仪器设备]可信性creditability [of a oceanographic instrument]；creditability [of a marine instrument]；[海洋仪器设备]配套性suitability [ of a oceanographic instrument ]suitability [of a marine equipment][海洋仪器设备]通用要求general specifications[of a marine equipment] general specifications [ of a oceanographic instrument ] [海洋仪器设备]相容性compatibility [of a marine equipment] compatibility [ of a oceanographic instrument ][海洋仪器设备] 性能特性performance characteristic [ of a oceanographic instrument ]performance characteristic [of a marine equipment]基本误差intrinsic error有证参考物质certified reference material ,CRM（缩写）海水sea water 海面水温sea surface temperature(SST)现场温度insitu temperature 等温线isotherm温度深度图bathythermogram 暖水舌warm water tongue冷水舌cold water tongue 暖水圈warm water sphere冷水圈cold water sphere 盐度salinity1978实用盐标Practical Salinity Scale 1978(PSS 78)绝对盐度absolute salinity 实用盐度practical salinity等盐线isohaline 盐舌salinity tongue盐指salt finger 盐【水】楔salt water wedge热盐结构thermohaline structure 海水密度sea water density现场密度insitu density 密度超量density excess海水比容specific volume of sea water 现场比容insitu specific volume 比容偏差specific volume anomaly 热比容偏差thermosteric anomaly 铅直稳定度vertical stability 对流混合convective mixing涡动混合turbulent mixing 潮混合tidal mixing【混合】增密cabbeling,caballing 温跃层thermocline主【温】跃层main thermocline 季节性【温】跃层seasonal thermocline 盐跃层halocline 密度跃层pycnocline波internal wave 拟置层inversion layer均匀层homogeneous layer 混合层mixed layer ，mixing layer大洋对流层oceanic troposphere 层化海洋stratified ocean冷涡cold eddy 暖涡warm eddy水型water type 水团water mass水系water system 表层水surface water次表层水subsurface water 中层水intermediate water深层水deep water 底层水bottom water沿岸水coastal water 中央水central water南极绕极水团Antarctica Circumpolar Water Mass北极水Arctic water ; North Polar Water副热带模态水subtropical mode water黄海冷水团Huanghai（Yellow Wea）Cold Water Mass长江冲淡水Changjiang Diluted Water ; Changjiang River Plume 赤道辐合带Equatorial Convergence Zone 海洋锋oceanic front细结构finestructure 微结构microstructure 海面斑带slick 海洋湍流oceanic turbulence双扩散double diffusion 海水状态方程sea water state equation 海色sea colour 水色water colour海水透明度sea water transparency 海流ocean current总环流general circulation 大洋环流ocean circulation热盐环流thermohaline circulation 热盐对流thermohaline convection 深渊环流abyssal circulation 赤道流equatorial current漂流drift current 西风漂流west wind drift南极绕极流Antarctic Circumpolar Current西边界流western boundary current 风海流wind-driven current地转流geostrophic current 密度流density current坡度流slope current 信风海流trade wind current季风海流monsoon current 补偿流compensation current 逆流counter current赤道逆流Equatorial Counter current赤道潜流Equatorial Under current太平洋赤道潜流Pacific Equatorial Under current大西洋赤道潜流Atlantic Equatorial Under current印度洋赤道潜流Indian Equatorial Under current上升流：upwelling 下降流：downwelling沿岸流：coastal current 渤海沿岸流：Bohai Coastal Current 黄海沿岸流：Huanghai（Yellow Sea）Coastal Current东海沿岸流Donghai （East China Sea）Coastal Current南海沿岸流：Nanhai （South China Sea）Coastal Current顺岸流longshore current 表层流surface current次表层流subsurface current 深层流deep current底层流bottom current 暖流：warm current黄海暖流：Huanghai （Yellow Sea）Warm current暖流：Taiwan Warm current黑潮：Kuroshio南海暖流：Nanhai （South China Sea）Warm current对马海流：Tsushima Current 湾流：Gulf Stream寒流：cold current 亲潮：oyashio余流:residual current 流涡：gyre流环ring 体积运输volume transport动力方法：dynamic method 无运动面：level of no motion位势高度：potential height 风因子wind factor埃克曼漂流Ekman drift current 埃克曼深度Ekman depth埃克曼层Ekman layer 埃克曼螺旋Ekman spiral埃克曼输运Ekman transport 埃克曼抽吸Ekman pumping 底摩擦层bottom friction layer 斜压海洋baroclinic ocean正压海洋barotropic ocean 中尺度涡mesoscale eddy卷吸entrainment 波流wave-induced current（wave current）裂流rip current 海浪ocean wave风区fetch 风时wind duration最小风区minimum fetch 最小风时minimum duration等效风区equivalent fetch 等效风时equivalent duration波高wave height 有效波significant wave波周期wave period 波陡wave steepness波龄wave age 波候wave climate毛细波capillary wave 重力波gravitational wave孤立波solitary wave 边沿波edge wave陆架波shelf wave 潜水波shallow water wave 深水波deep water wave 浅水系数shoaling factor短峰波short—crested wave 长峰波long-crested wave规则波regular wave 不规则波irregular wave波浪爬高swash height 船行波ship wave余摆[线]波trochoidal wave 椭[圆]余[弦]波oidal wave椭[圆]余摆[线]波elliptic trochoidal wave 斯托克斯波stokes wave 俘获波trapped wave 碎波breaker , surf崩碎波（崩顶碎波）spilling breaker 激碎波（激散碎波）surging breaker 卷碎波（卷跃碎波）plunging breaker 碎波带surf zone风浪wind wave 白冠whitecap波群wave group 充分成长的风浪fully developed sea 波级wave scale 波峰线wave crest line海浪谱ocean wave spectrum 方向波谱directional wave spectrum 海浪反射ocean wave reflection 海浪折射ocean wave refraction 海浪绕射ocean wave diffraction 涌浪swell先行涌forerunner 潮汐tide 潮位tide level高潮high water (HW) 低潮low water (LW)潮差tidal range 涨潮flood 落潮ebb大潮spring tides 小潮neap tides 双高潮double flood 双低潮double ebb 平潮still tide 停朝water stand 潮升tidal rise 引潮力tide-generating force引潮势tidal potential 天文潮：astronomical tide 假想天体：fictitious body 平衡潮：equilibrium tide分潮：tidal component tidal constituent 半日潮：semi-diurnal tide全日潮：diurnal tide 太阴潮：lunar tide 太阳潮：solar tide 回归潮：tropic tide 分点潮：equinoctial tide 潮龄：tide age 分潮日：constituent day 分潮时：constituent hour太阴潮间隙：lunar tide interval 倍潮：overtide复合潮：compound tide 辐射潮：radiational tide混合潮：mixed tide 日不等【现象】：diurnal inequality潮流tidal current 旋转流rotary current往复流alternating current 转流turn of tidal current潮余流tide-induced residual current 潮流椭圆current ellipse潮波tidal wave 旋转潮波系统amphidromic system,amphidrome无潮点amphidromic point 潮internal tide 假潮seiche涌潮tidal bore 钱塘江涌潮qiantang reiver tidal bore同潮图cotidal chart 潮能tidal energy气象潮meteorological tide 风暴潮storm surge海啸tsunami 异常水位anomalous sea level平均海面mean sea level 海面sea level海图基准面datum of chart 潮汐基准面tidal datum半潮面half-tide level 潮汐调和分析harmonic analysis of tide 潮汐调和常数harmonic constants of tide潮汐非调和常数nonharmonic constant of tide 潮汐表tide tables 最高天文潮位highest astronomical tide(HAT)最低天文潮位lowest astronomical tide(LAT) 海冰sea ice陆源冰ice of land origin 固定冰fast ice 流冰pack ice浮冰floating ice 浮冰群floating ice massif 岸冰shore ice 冰脚ice foot 底座冰ground ice 锚冰anchor ice 初生冰new ice 冰壳ice rind 莲叶冰pancake ice 尼罗冰nilas ice 初期冰young ice 一年冰first-year ice 老年冰old ice 冰期ice cover 海冰密集度ice concentration 冰缘线ice edge 裸冰bare ice 雪盖冰snow covered ice平整冰level ice 变形冰deformed ice 重叠冰rafted ice堆积冰hummocked ice 冰丘hummock 冰脊ridge冰原ice field 碎冰brash ice 冰间水道lead，lane冰间湖polynya 冰架ice shelf 冰山iceberg冰岛ice island 水下冰脚ram海洋（性）气候maritime climate，marine climate海—气相互作用air-sea interaction南方涛动southern oscillation，SO 厄尔尼诺海—气边界过程air-sea boundary process海—气热交换ocean-atmosphere heat exchange海洋气团maritime air mass 海面反照率sea surface albedo海陆风land and sea breezes 海雾sea fog 海龙卷waterspout蜃景mirage 海洋生物学marine bio-acoustics海洋声速sound velocity in the sea 浅海传播shallow water propagation 深海传播deep sea propagation 传播损失transmission loss传播异常propagation anomaly 汇聚区convergence zone海水声吸收sound absorption in sea water 声道sound channel表层声道surface sound channel 深海声道deep sea sound channel 混合层声道mixed layer sound channel 海底声反射bottom reflection 掠射角grazing angle 海面混响surface reverberation 海底混响bottom reverberation 体积混响volume reverberation 海底散射bottom scattering 体积散射volume scattering 深海散射层deep scattering layer．DSL 海洋噪声sea noise海洋环境噪声ambient sea noise 海洋生物噪声marine biological noise 流体动力噪声hydrodynamic noise 风生噪声wind-generated noise 回声测距echo ranging 水声换能器underwater acoustic transducer 声呐sonar (sound navigation and ranging)声遥感acoustic remote sensing 水中对比度contrast in water海面向上辐射radiation from the sea surface海洋光学遥感oceanic optical remote sensing水中对比度传输contrast transmission in water水下“窗口” underwate r window 衰减长度attenuation length 海色指数sea color index 水中能见度visibility in water海洋辐射传递radiative transfer in ocean海水电导率conductivity of sea water海水磁导率permeability of .sea water海水离子迁移率ion mobility of sea water海洋电磁场marine electromagnetic field潮感电磁场tide-induced electromagnetic field浪感电磁场wave-induced electromagnetic field11 / 11。
潮汐相关知识(英文)
Schematic of the lunar portion of earth's tides showing (exaggerated) high tides at the sublunar and antipodal points for the hypothetical case of an ocean of constant depth with no land. There would also be smaller, superimposed bulges on the sides facing toward and away from the sun.In Maine(U.S.) low tide occurs roughly at moonrise and high tide with a high moon, corresponding to the simple gravity model of two tidal bulges ; at most places however, moon and tides have a phase shift.English:Tides schematic. Due to the bathymetry of some areas, neap and spring tides reach their maximum force 2 days after the first quarter moon, third quarter moon and new moon, full moon, respectively . In the absence of complication s due tobathymetry,spring tidesare exactlyat the fulland new moonsand neaptides areexactly attheone-quarterandthree-quarter moon. Everysix hours thewater alsolowers orheightens; assuch fourtides arecreated:Low waterspring tideHigh waterspring tideLow waterneap tideHigh waterneap tideDate 6 October 2009Source Public domain image: File:Tides schematic.JPG which was based on an image in "Leidraad voor het Stuurbrevet" byRichard Vooren, Paul Van den KeybusEnglish:Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of gravitational forces exerted by the Moon, Sun, and rotation of the Earth.The semi-diurnal range (the difference in height between high and low waters over about half a day) varies in a two-week cycle. Approximately twice a month, around new moon and full moon when the Sun, Moon, and Earth form a line (a condition known as syzygy[8]), the tidal force due to the sun reinforces that due to the Moon. The tide's range is then at its maximum; this is called the spring tide. It is not named after the season, but, like that word, derives from the meaning "jump, burst forth, rise", as in a natural spring.When the Moon is at first quarter or third quarter, the sun and Moon are separated by 90° when viewed from the Earth, and the solar tidal force partially cancels the Moon's. At these points in the lunar cycle, the tide's range is at its minimum; this is called the neap tide, or neaps (a word of uncertain origin).English: Approximately twice a month, around new moon when the Sun, Moon, and Earth form a line (a condition known as syzygy[8]), the tidal force due to the sun reinforces that due to the MoonEnglish: When the Moon is at first quarter, the sun and Moon are separated by 90° when viewed from the Earth, and the solar tidal force partially cancels the Moon's. At these points in the lunar cycle, the tide's range is at its minimum; this is called the neap tide, or neaps (a word of uncertain origin).English: Approximately twice a month, around full moon when the Sun, Moon, and Earth form a line (a condition known as syzygy[8]), the tidal force due to the sun reinforces that due to the MoonEnglish: When the Moon is at third quarter, the sun and Moon are separated by 90° when viewed from the Earth, and the solar tidal force partially cancels the Moon's. At these points in the lunar cycle, the tide's range is at its minimum; this is called the neap tide, or neaps (a word of uncertain origin).The M2 tidal constituent. Amplitude is indicated by color, and the white lines are cotidal differing by 1 hour. The curved arcs around the amphidromic points show the direction of the tides, each indicating a synchronized 6-hour period. Tidal ranges generally increase with increasing distance from amphidromic points. The colors indicate where tides are most extreme (highest highs, lowest lows), with blues being least extreme. In almost a dozen places on this map the lines converge. Notice how at each of these places the surrounding color is blue, indicating little or no tide. These convergent areas are called amphidromic points. Tide waves move around these points, generally counterclockwise in the N. Hemisphere and clockwise in the S. Hemisphere [16][17]English: The M2 tidal constituent. Amplitude is indicated by color, and the white lines are cotidal differing by 1 hr. The curved arcs around the amphidromic points show the direction of the tides, each indicating a synchronized 6 hour period.Deutsch:Gezeiten als in den Weltmeeren umlaufende Wellen. Die Amplitude der Pegelschwankungen ist farbkodiert. Es gibt mehrere Knotenpunkte verschwindender Amplitude, um die die Wellen herumschwappen. Linien gleicher Phase (weiß) umgeben die Knotenpunkte büschelförmig. Die Wellenausbreitung erfolgt senkrecht zu diesen Linien. Die Richtung ist durch Pfeile angedeutet.R. Ray, TOPEX/Poseidon: Revealing Hidden Tidal Energy, GSFC, NASA. Redistribute with credit to R. Ray, andNASA - Goddard Space Flight CenterNASA - Jet Propulsion LaboratoryScientific Visualization StudioTelevision Production NASA-TV/GSFCThe lunar gravity differential field at the Earth's surface is known as the tide-generating force. This is the primary mechanism that drives tidal action and explains two equipotential tidal bulges, accounting for two daily high waters.English: Differential gravity field that causes tides.English: A schematic showing the diurnal, semidiurnal and mixed types. The image was made by Michael Pidwirny of the Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan /fundamentals/8r.htmlEnglish: A schematic of the water surface level changes with the tides. Average low water spring or average low water neap tide; used as a reference, which one is used depends on whether LWN or LWS is lowest. The schematic was hand drawn based on an image from the book "Leidraad voor het Stuurbrevet" by Richard Vooren, Paul Van den Keybus. Note that the ALWS/ALWN is best replaced by LAT (lowest astronomical tide) in a next version of the image. As this water level may be lower than ALWN/ALWS, some of the text will be rendered obsoleteHigh and low tides in New Zealand at Nelson with two spring tides per month compared to Wellington and Napier with one only. Values are differences from the average water level.The principal tidal data related to a beach profile. The intersection of the tidal datum with land determines the landward edge of a marine boundary. From NOS Tidal Datums Pub (on Naval Postgraduate School). /nom/day1/partc.html figure:a /nom/day1/tidal_datums_fig17.gif。
水文地质学专业英语单词汇总
专业术语中英文对照表傍河水源地 riverside source field包气带 aeration zone饱和度 degree of saturation饱和流 saturated flow饱水带 saturated zone边界井 boundary well边界条件 boundary condition边界元法 boundary element method标准曲线法（配线法） type-curve method补给区 recharge area补给疏干法 compensation-dewatering method部分排泄型泉 local drainage spring采区充水性图 geologic map of potential flooding in mining area 测压高度 piezometric head层流laminar flow常量元素 common element in groundwater （macroelement ）沉积水（埋藏水） connate water（buried water）成垢作用 boiler scaling成井工艺 well completion technology承压含水层 confined aquifer承压含水层厚度 thickness of confined aquifer承压水 confined water承压水盆地 confined water basin承压水位（头） confining water level持水度 water-holding capacity/ specific retension充水岩层 flooding layer抽水孔 pumping well抽水孔流量 discharge of a pump well抽水孔组 jumping well group抽水量历时曲线图 flow-duration curve抽水试验 pumping test初见（始）水位 initial water level初始条件 initial condition次生盐渍土 secondary salinized soil达西定律Darcy’s law大肠菌群指数 index of coliform organisms大口井 large-diameter wd1大气降水渗入补给量 precipitation infiltration rate单井出水量 yield of single well单孔抽水试验 single well pumping test弹性储存量 elastic storage淡水 fresh groundwater导水系数 transmissivity等降深线 equiodrawdown line等势线 equipotential line等水头面 equipotential surface低频电磁法 very low frequency electromagnetic method 地表疏干 surface draining地表水 surface water地表水补给 surface water recharge地方病 endemic disease地方性氟中毒 endemic fluorosis地面沉降 subsidence地面开裂 land crack地面塌陷 ground surface collapse地下肥水 nutritive groundwater地下集水建筑物 groundwater collecting structure地下径流 underground runoff地下径流模数法 modulus method of groundwater runoff 地下库容 capacity of groundwater reservoir地下卤水 underground brine地下热水 geothermal water地下疏干 underground draining地下水 groundwater地下水补给量 groundwater recharge地下水补给条件 condition of groundwater recharge地下水超采 overdevelopment of groundwater地下水成矿作用 ore-forming process in groundwater地下水储存量（地下水储存资源） groundwater storage地下水的pH值 pH Value of groundwater地下水的碱度 alkalinity of groundwater地下水的酸度 acidity of groundwater地下水的总硬度 total hardness of groundwater地下水等水头线图 map of isopiestic level of confined water地下水等水位线图 groundwater level contour map地下水动力学 groundwater dynamics地下水动态 groundwater regime地下水动态成因类型 genetic types of groundwater regime地下水动态曲线 curve of groundwater regime地下水动态要素 element of groundwater regime地下水分水岭 grot1udwater divide地下水赋存条件 groundwater occurrence地下水化学成分 chemical constituents of groundwater地下水化学类型 chemical type of groundwater地下水环境质量评价groundwater environmental quality assessment 地下水径流量（地下水动储量） groundwater runoff地下水径流流出量 groundwater outflow地下水径流流入量 groundwater inflow地下水均衡 groundwater balance地下水均衡场 experimental field of groundwater balance地下水均衡方程 equation of groundwater balance地下水开采量 groundwater withdrawal地下水开采资源 exploitable groundwater resources地下水可开采量（地下水允许开采量） allowable withdrawal of groundwater 2地下水库 groundwater reservoir地下水埋藏深度 buried depth of groundwater table地下水埋藏深度图 map of buried depth of groundwater地下水模型 groundwater model地下水年龄 age of groundwater地下水年龄测定 dating of groundwater地下水排泄 groundwater discharge地下水盆地 groundwater basin地下水侵蚀性 Corrosiveness of groundwater地下水人工补给 artificial recharge of groundwater地下水人工补给资源 artificial-recharged groundwater resources 地下水设计开采量 designed groundwater withdrawal地下水实际流速 actual velocity of groundwater flow地下水实际流速测定 groundwater actual velocity measurement 地下水数据库 groundwater database地下水数学模型 mathematical model of groundwater地下水水化学图 hydrogeochemical map of groundwater地下水水量模型 groundwater flow model地下水水量评价 evaluation of groundwater quantity地下水水位动态曲线图 hydrograph of groundwater level地下水水质 groundwater quality地下水水质类型 type of groundwater quality地下水水质模型 groundwater quality model地下水天然资源 natural resources of groundwater地下水同位素测定 isotope assaying of groundwater地下水位持续下降 continuously drawndown of groundwater level 地下水污染 groundwater pollution地下水污染评价 groundwater pollution assessment地下水污染物 groundwater pollutants地下水物理模型 physical model of groundwater地下水物理性质 physical properties of groundwater地下水系统 groundwater system地下水预报模型 groundwater prediction model地下水源地 groundwater source field地下水质评价 evaluation of groundwater quality地下水资源 groundwater resources.地下水资源保护 groundwater resources protection地下水资源分布图 map of groundwater resources地下水资源管理区 groundwater resources management地下水资源枯竭 groundwater resources depletion地下水资源评价方法 methods of groundwater resource evaluation地下水总矿化度 total mineralization degree of groundwater地下微咸水 weak mineralized groundwater地下咸水 middle mineralized groundwater地下盐水 salt groundwater地中渗透仪 lysimeter电导率 specific conductance电法测井 electric logging电法勘探 electrical prospecting顶板裂隙带 fissure zone of top wall顶板冒落带 caving zone of top wall定降深抽水试验 constant-drawdown pumping test定解条件 definite condition定流量边界 boundary of fixed flow /constant flow定流量抽水试验 constant-discharge pumping test定水头边界 boundary of fixed water level动水位 dynamic water level断层泉 fault spring断裂带水压导升高度（潜越高度） height of water pressure in fault zone 断面流量 cross-sectional flow对流弥散 convective dispersion多孔抽水试验 multipe wells pumping test多孔介质 porous medium二维流 two-dimensional flow放射性测井 radioactivity logging放射性水文地质图 radio hydrogeological map放射性找水法 radioactive method for groundwater search放水试验 dewatering test非饱和流 unsaturated flow非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium非均匀流 non-uniform flow非完整井 partially penetrating well非稳定流 unsteady flow非稳定流抽水试验 unsteady-flow pumping test分层抽水试验 separate interval pumping test分层止水 interval plugging分子扩散 molecular diffusion .分子扩散系数 coefficient of molecular diffusion福希海默定律 Forchheimer law辐射井 radial well腐蚀作用 corroding process负均衡 negative balance负硬度 negative hardness富水系数 water content coefficient of mine富水性 water yield property干扰抽水试验 interference-well pumping test干扰井出水量 yield from Interference wells干扰系数（涌水量减少系数） interference coefficient隔水边界 confining boundary隔水层 aquifuge隔水底板 lower confining bed隔水顶板 upper confining bed各向同性介质 isotropic medium各向异性介质 anisotropic medium给水度 specific yield供水水文地质勘查 hydrogeological investigation for water supply 供水水文地质学 water supply hydrogeology拐点法 inflected point method观测孔 observation well管井 tube well灌溉回归系数 irrigation return flow rate灌溉机井 pumping-well for irrigation灌溉系数 irrigation coefficient过水断面 water-carrying section海水入侵 sea-water intrusion3含水层 aquifer含水层储能 energy storage of aquifer含水层弹性释放 elasticity release of aquifers含水层等高线图 contour map of aquifer含水层等厚线图 aquifer impact map含水层等埋深图 isobaths map of aquifer含水层调节能力 regulation capacity of aquifer含水层自净能力 self-purification capability of aquifer含水率 moisture content化学需氧量（COD） chemical oxygen demand环境水文地质勘查 environmental hydrogeological investigation 环境水文地质图 environmental hydyogeologic map环境水文地质学 environmental hydrogeology环境自净作用 environmental self-purification恢复水位 recovering water level回灌井 injection well回灌量 quantity of water recharge回灌水源 recharge water source混合抽水试验 mixed-layer pumping test混合模拟 mixing analog混合作用 mixing hydrochemical action in groundwater激发补给量 induced recharge of groundwater极硬水 hardest water集中供水水源地 well field for concentrated water supply间歇泉 geyser简易抽水试验 simple pumping test降落漏斗 cone of depression降落漏斗法 depression cone method降落曲线 depression curve降水补给 precipitation recharge降水入渗试验 test of precipitation infiltration降水入渗系数 infiltration coefficient of precipitation接触泉 contact spring结构水（化合水） constitutional water （chemical water）结合水 bound water结晶水 crystallization water解逆问题（反演计算） solving of inverse problem解析法 analytic method解正问题（正演计算） solving of direct problem井下供水孔 water supply borehole in mines井中电视（超声成相测井） borehole television（BHTV）径流区 runoff area静止水位（天然水位） static water level （Natural water level）均衡期 balance period均衡区 balance area均匀介质 homogeneous medium均匀流 uniform flow开采模数法 evaluation method of employing groundwater extraction modulus 开采强度法 mining intensity method开采试验法 exploitation pumping test method开采性抽水试验 trail-exploitation pumping test坎儿井 karez空隙 void孔洞 pore space孔隙 pore孔隙比 pore ratio孔隙度（孔隙率） porosity（pore rate）孔隙含水层 porous aquifer孔隙介质 pore medium孔隙水 pore water库尔洛夫式 Kurllov formation矿床充水 flooding of ore deposit矿床充水水源 water source of ore deposit boding矿床充水通道 flooding passage in ore deposit矿床疏干 mine draining矿床疏干深度（疏干水平） dewatering level of mines矿床水文地质 mine hydrogeology矿床水文地质图 mine hydrogeological map矿床水文地质学 mine hydrogeology矿井水文地质调查 survey of mine hydrogeology矿井突水 water bursting in mines矿井涌水 water discharge into mine矿坑水 mine water矿坑突泥 mud gushing in mines矿坑突水量 bursting water quantity of mines矿坑涌砂 sand gushing in mines矿坑涌水量 water yield of mine矿坑正常涌水量 normal water yield of mines矿坑最大涌水量 maximum water yield of mines矿区水文地质勘查 mine hydrogeological investigation 矿泉 mineral spring雷诺数 Reynolds number连通试验 connecting test裂隙 fissure裂隙含水层 fissured aquifer裂隙介质 fissure medium裂隙率 fissure ratio裂隙水 fissure water临界深度 critical depth流量测井 flowmeter logging流量计 flowmeter流网 flow net流线 streamline滤料（填料） gravel pack滤水管（过滤器） screen pipe裸井 barefoot well毛细带 capillary zone毛细管测压水头 capillary piezometric head毛细上升高度 height of capillary rise毛细水 capillary water毛细性 capillarity弥散 dispersion弥散试验 dispersion test钠吸附比（SAR） sodium adsorption ratio拟稳定流 quasi-steady flow凝结水 condensation water凝结水补给 condensation recharge排泄区 discharge area平均布井法 method of well uniform4configuration起泡作用 forming process气体成分分析 gas analysis潜水 phreatic water /unconfined water潜水含水层厚度 thickness of water-table aquifer潜水位 water table潜水溢出量 groundwater overflow onto surface潜水蒸发量 evaporation discharge of phreatic water浅层地震勘探 shallow seismic prospecting强结合水（吸着水） strongly bound water adsorptive water 侵蚀泉 erosional spring侵蚀性二氧化碳 corrosive carbon dioxide裘布依公式 Dupuit formula区域地下水位下降漏斗 regional groundwater depression cone 区域水文地质普查 regional hydrogeological survey区域水文地质学 regional hydrogeology全排泄型泉 complete drainage spring泉 spring泉华 sinter泉流量衰减方程法 method of spring flow attenuation泉水不稳定系数 instability ratio of Spring discharge泉水流量过程曲线 hydrograph of spring discharge泉域 spring area确定性模型 deterministic model扰动土样 disturbed soil sample容积储存量 volumetric storage容水度（饱和含水率） water capacity溶洞 cave cavern溶解他固体总量 total dissolved solids溶解氧（DO） dissolved oxygen溶滤水 lixiviation water溶滤作用 lixiviation软水 soft water弱含水层 aquitard弱结合水（薄膜水） weakly bound water （film water）弱透水边界 weakly-permeable boundary三维流 three-dimensional flow上层滞水 perched water上升泉 ascending spring设汁水位降深 designed drawdown渗流场 seepage field渗流场剖分（单元划分） dissection of seepage field渗流速度 seepage velocity渗入水 infiltration water渗水试验 pit permeability test渗透 seepage渗透率 specific permeability渗透水流（渗流） seepage flow渗透系数（水力传导系数） hydraulic conductivity/ permeability 生化需氧量（BOD） biochemical oxygen demand声波测井 acoustic logging声频大地电场法 audio-frequency telluric method湿地 wet land实井 real well试验抽水 trail pumping手压井 manual-operated pumping well疏干工程排水量 discharge of dewatering excavation疏干巷道 draining tunnel疏干因数 factor of drainage数学模型法 method of mathematical model数学模型检验 verification of mathematical model数学模型识别 calibration d mathematical model数值法 numerical method水文地质勘查报告 report of hydrogeologicai investigation 水动力弥散系数 coefficient of dispersion.水分散晕 water dispersion halo水化学 hydrochemistry水解作用 hydrolytic dissociation水井布局 wafer well arrangement水均衡法 water balance method水均衡方程 equation of water balance水均衡要素 element of water balance水均衡原理 principle of water balance水力坡度 hydraulic gradient水力削减法 hydraulic cut method水流迭加原理 principle of flow superpersitiom水流折射定律 law of seepage flow refraction水圈 hydrosphere水头场 water head field水头场的拟合 fitting of water-head field水头降深场 fieId6f water head drawdown水头降深场的拟合 fitting of water head drawdown field水头损失 water head loss水位计 wellhead water-level gauge水位降深值 drawdown水文地球化学 hydrogeochemistry水文地球化学分带 hydrogeodenml zonality水文地球化学环境 hydrogeochemical environment水文地球化学作用 hydrogeochemical process水文地质比拟法 hydrogeologic analogy method水文地质参数 Hydrogeological parameters水文地质测绘 hydrogeological mapping水文地质单元 hydrogeologic unit水文地质地球物理勘探 hydrogeophysical prospecting水文地质分区 hydrogeological division水文地质概念模型 conceptual hydrogeological model水文地质勘查 hydrogeological investigation水文地质勘查成果 result of hydrogeological investigation 水文地质勘查阶段 hydrogeological investigation stage水文地质勘探孔 hydrogeological exploration borehole水文地质剖面图 hydrogeological profile水文地质试验 hydrogeological test水文地质试验孔 hydrogeological test borehole水文地质条件 hydrogeological condition水文地质学 hydrogeology水文地质学原理 principles of hydrogeology5水文地质钻探 hydrogeological drilling水文水井钻机 hydrogeologic drilling rig水文物探测井 hydrogeological well logging水循环 water cycle水盐均衡 water-salt balance水样 water sample水跃值 hydraulic jump value水质标准 water quality standard水质分析 chemical analysis of water速度水头 velocity head随机模型 stochastic model泰斯公式 Theis formula探采结合孔 exploration-production well同位素水文地质学 isotopic hydrogeology透水边界 permeable boundary透水层 permeable bed透水性 permeability突水水源 source of water bursting突水系数 water bursting coefficient突水预测图 water bursting prediction map土（岩）样 soil （rock）sample土的颗粒分析 grading analysis of soil土壤改良 soil reclamation土壤水 soil water土壤盐渍化 soil salinization脱硫酸作用 desulphidation脱碳酸作用 decarbonation脱硝（氮）作用 denitration完整井 completely penetrating well微量元素 microelement温泉 thermal spring紊流 turbulent flow稳定流 steady flow稳定流抽水试验 steady-flow pumping test稳定水位 steady water level污染通道 pollution channel污染源 pollution source污水资源化 water resources from sewage renewal无压含水层 unconfined aquifer物理模型法 method of physical model细菌总数 bacterial amount下降泉 descending spring咸淡水界面 interface of salt-fresh water相关分析法（回归分析法）correlation analysis method（regression analysis method）硝化作用 nitrification斜井 inclined well虚井 real well悬浮物 suspended solids悬挂泉（季节泉） suspended spring压力传导系数 hydraulic diffusivity压力水头 pressure head雅可布公式 Jacob formula延迟给水（滞后给水） delayed drainage延迟指数 delayed index岩溶含水层 karst aquifer岩溶含水系统 karst water-bring system岩溶介质 karst medium岩溶水 karst water岩石圈 lithosphere岩石渗透性测定 permeability determination of rock盐碱土 saline allkaline soil盐渍土 salinized soil阳离子交替吸附作用cation exchange and adsorption氧化还原电位 oxidation-reduction potential样品采集 sampling遥感技术 remote sensing technology一维流 one-dimensional flow溢流泉 overflow spring影响半径 radius of influence映射法 image method硬水 hard water涌水量方程外推法（试验推断法） discharge equation extrapolation method 游离性二氧化碳 free carbon dioxide有限差分法 finite-difference method有限单元法 finite element method有效降水量 effective precipitation有效孔隙度 effective porosity元素迁移 element migration原生水（初生水） juvenile water（native water）原生盐渍土 primary salinized soil原状土样 undisturbed soil sample越流 leakage越流补给 leakage recharge越流系数 leaky coefficient越流系统 leaky system越流因数（阻越流系数） leaky factor允许水位降深 allowable drawdown蒸发浓缩作用 evaporation-concentration process正均衡 positive balance直线法 linear method重力疏干 gravity drainage重力水 gravity water注水孔 injecting well注水试验 injecting test贮存量变化量 variation of groundwater storage贮水系数（释水系数） storage coefficient专门水文地质学 applied hydrogeology专门性水文地质勘查applied hydrogeclogic investigation专门性水文地质图 special hydrogeological map自流水 artesian water综合水文地质图 synthetic hydrogeoiogical map总水头（渗流水头） total head钻孔流速测 borehole flow-velocity measurement最佳开采量 optimal yield最佳控制水位 optimal controlled water level最佳配水方案 optimal water distribution scheme7.3.2.13斜井 inclined well一般断面尺寸1.8m×2.0 m、倾角20°～40°的倾斜坑道集水工程，适用于开采坚硬岩石、埋深较大的裂隙岩溶水。
海洋科技类术语表
Presentation on Woods Hole Oceanographic Instit ution伍兹霍尔海洋研究所1. oceanographic[,əuʃiənəu'ɡræfik]adj. 海洋学的；有关海洋学的（等于oceanographical）2. oxygen minimum zone 最低含氧区3. nutrient run-off 养分径流、富营养径流4. Atmospheric deposition 大气沉降物atmospheric英[ætməs'ferɪk]美[,ætməs'fɛrɪk]adj. 大气的，大气层的deposition英[,depə'zɪʃ(ə)n; diː-]美[,dɛpə'zɪʃən]n. 沉积物；矿床；革职；[律]（在法庭上的）宣誓作证，证词5. phytoplankton英['faɪtəʊ,plæŋ(k)t(ə)n]美[,faɪto'plæŋktən]n. [植] 浮游植物（群落）6. plankton英['plæŋ(k)t(ə)n; -tɒn]美['plæŋktən]n. 浮游生物（总称）7. ocean interior海洋内部8.Shoal up 变浅、上移9. microbe英['maɪkrəʊb]美['maɪkrob]n. 细菌，微生物10. decompose英[diːkəm'pəʊz]美[,dikəm'poz]vi. 分解；使腐烂vt. 分解；腐烂11.deplete英[dɪ'pliːt]美[dɪ'plit]vt. 耗尽，用尽；使衰竭，使空虚12.Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution伍兹霍尔海洋研究所13.ocean science 海洋科学14.marine technology and engineering 海洋科技与工程15.active project 在研项目16.research vessel 海洋调查船17. robotic [rəu'bɔtik]adj. 机器人的；自动机式的；像机器人的以上来源于：《21世纪大英汉词典》18. Deep Submergence Facility 深潜水设备19. world-class PhD program 世界级的博士点20. post-doctoral program 博士后流动站21. last unexplored frontiers 最后的尚未开发的领域22. public awareness 公共意识23. coastal science 海岸科学24. Polar Research 极地研究25. Seafloor & Below 海底及海底以下26. Underwater Archaeology 水下考古27. Chilean Devil Rays 智利魔鬼鱼28. Biomedical biomedical英[baɪə(ʊ)'medɪk(ə)l]美adj. 生物医学的29. aggregation英[,æɡrɪ'ɡeɪʃən]美[,ægrɪ'geʃən]n. [地质][数] 聚合，聚集；聚集体，集合体30. Transformative technology 技术革新31. Deepwater Horizon oil spill“深水地平线”石油钻井泄漏32. Fukushima assessment 福岛核泄漏评估33. NYC aqueduct 纽约高架渠34.algal bloom 藻华algal英['ælɡəl]美['ælgəl]adj. 海藻的35.Cascadia subduction fault 卡斯卡迪大陆的俯冲断层subduction英[səb'dʌkʃ(ə)n]美[səb'dʌkʃən]n. 俯冲；除去；减法fault英[fɔːlt; fɒlt]美[fɔlt]n. 故障；[地质] 断层；错误；缺点；毛病；（网球等）发球失误vi. 弄错；产生断层vt. （通常用于疑问句或否定句）挑剔36.spin-off companies 衍生公司37.Holographic Plankton Camera 全息浮游生物相机holographic英[,hɒlə'ɡræfɪk]美[,hɑlə'ɡræfɪk]adj. 全息的；全部手写的38. Spray Glider 喷射滑翔机39. Hydrography hydrography英[haɪ'drɒgrəfɪ]美[haɪ'drɑgrəfi]n. 水文学；[水运] 水道测量学40. Sediment Traps【工程】沉淀阱以上来源于：《21世纪大英汉词典》41. AUV Sentry“岗哨号”(Sentry) 自治式无人潜水器The autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)42. ROVs 遥控水下机器人43. needle in a haystack 海底捞针44. The Blue Economy 蓝色经济45. Robotics robotics英[rəʊ'bɒtɪks]美[ro'bɑtɪks]n. 机器人学（robotic的复数）46. Mooring 英['mɔːrɪŋ; 'mʊə-] 美['mʊrɪŋ]n. 下锚；停泊处；系船具v. 停泊（moor的ing形式）n. (Mooring)人名；(英)穆林47. Navigation英[nævɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n]美['nævə'geʃən]n. 航行；航海48. bioprospecting生物勘探49.Process chemicals操作助剂50.Stock assessment 鱼量评估；资源评估51. toxicity英[tɒk'sɪsətɪ]美[tɑk'sɪsəti]n. [毒物] 毒性[ 复数toxicities ]52.Seafloor mining 海底矿物开采53. informatics英[,ɪnfə'mætɪks]美[,ɪnfɚ'mætɪks]n. [图情][计] 信息学；情报学（复数用作单数）54. abatement英[ə'beɪtm(ə)nt]美[ə'betmənt]n. 减少；消除；减轻55.International Argo program 国际阿尔戈计划Argo ['ɑ:ɡəu]n.[斜体]【希腊神话】(伊阿宋率其他英雄寻找金羊毛乘的快船)阿尔戈号注：可以讲解希腊神话与海洋科技的关系56.Ice-tethered profiler 冰层分析器tether英['teðə]美['tɛðɚ]n. 范围；系链；拴绳vt. 用绳或链拴住n. (Tether)人名；(英)特瑟profiler英['prəufailə]美n. 分析器，分析工具；仿形铣床；[测] 断面仪57. CTD温盐深仪CTD,名词，在海洋科考里，它是特指一种用于探测海水温度，盐度，深度等信息的探测仪器，名为：温盐深仪。
有关环境的英语词汇
关于环境的英语词汇干旱Drought 空气质量Air qualityartificial precipitati on/rain fall全球变暖Global warmi ng 大气化学Atmospheric chemistry enhan cem ent 人工增雨温室效应Gree nhouse effect 大气成分Atmospheric comp onents artificial rain fall in filtrati on 人工降雨湿度Humidity 大气颗粒物Atmospheric particulates El Nino phe no me non 厄尔尼诺现象微气候影响Microclimate effects 二氧化碳Carbon dioxide La Ni na phe nome non 拉尼娜现象海平面上升Sea level rise 温室气体Green house gases forestation 植树造林人工影响天气Weather modification adverse weather con diti on 恶劣的天arid and semi-arid areas 干旱和半干岩石圈LITHOSPHERE 气状况旱地区固态地球Solid Earth desertification 沙漠化topsoil 表土层洞穴Caves san dstorm 沙尘暴high temperature 高温地震活动Seismic activity air quality rating 空气质量评级less rain fall 少雨土壤Soils visibility 能见度氧气Oxygen农用土地Agricultural la nd sand and dust weather 沙尘天气臭氧层Ozone layer碱地Alkali la nds cold snap 寒潮大气过程Atmospheric processes污染的土地Con tami nated land stormy wi nd 暴风空气一水相互作用Air-water 污染的土壤Co ntam in ated soil blizzard 大风雪in teractio n沙坑Gravel pits sno wstorm 暴风雪大气环流Atmospheric circulation荒地Heath lands ice rain 冻雨大气降水Atmospheric precipitation土地承载能力Land carry ing capacity thunderstorm 雷暴碳循环Carbon cycle土地污染Land polluti on hail/hailsto ne 冰雹蒸发作用Evaporatio n土地开垦Land reclamati on frosty 霜冻降水增力口Precipitati on enhan ceme nt 土地恢复Land restorati on cold spell 春寒期降雨Rainfall土地使用分类Land use classificati on dry spell 干旱期太阳辐射Solar radiation边缘土地Margi nal la nds drought-relief efforts 抗旱蒸腾作用Tran spirati on沙石开采Sa nd extract ion drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏风Win ds沉积Sedimentation drought region 干旱地区空气污染Air pollution土壤潜力Soil capabilities rain spell 雨季酸雨Acid rain土壤保持Soil con servati on precipitati on 降雨或降雪量空气污染物Air polluta nts土壤污染Soil co ntam in atio n fog浓雾氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons土壤退化Soil degradati on sleet雨夹雪；雹；冻雨沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulate地震监测Seismic mon itori ng hurrica ne 飓风matter火山Volcanoes cycl one 旋风飞灰Fly ash风蚀Wind erosion typho on 台风雾Fog陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL whirlwi nd 龙卷风薄烟HazeECOSYSTEMS waterspout 海上龙卷风空内空气污染In door air polluti on大气ATMOSPHERE In dia n summer 秋老虎烟雾Smog大气组成Atmospheric compositi on weather modificati on 人工影响天气气候问题Climatic issues农业气象学Agrometeorology 林地生态系统Woodla nd ecosystems 基因资源保护Conservation of 气候Climate 温带生态系统和寒带生态系统gen etic resources气候变化Climatic cha nge Temperate ecosystems and cold 生态平衡Ecological bala nce气候带Climatic zones zone ecosystems 濒危动物物种Endangered animal 土壤侵蚀Soil erosion 南极生态系统An tarctic ecosystems species土壤改良Soil improveme nt 南极地区An tarctic regi on 濒危植物物种Endangered plant 土壤盐碱化Soil sali nation 北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems species水蚀Water erosion 北极地区Arctic regi on 河口保护区Estuari ne con servati on 干旱地区生态系统Arid land 寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems areasecosystems 草地生态系统Grassla nd ecosystems 动物区系Fauna干旱土地Arid Ian ds 永久冻土生态系统Permafrost 植物区系Flora沙漠化Desertification ecosystems 食物链Food chain抗旱Drought control 极地生态系统Polar ecosystems 捕猎Hunting旱作Dry farming 温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems 无脊椎动物in vertebrates沙丘固定Sand dune fixati on 山地生态系统Mou ntai n ecosystems 陆地哺乳动物La nd mammals沙丘Sand dunes 高原生态系统Highla nd ecosystems 哺乳动物Mammals半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid la nd 登山运动Mountain eeri ng 海洋保护区Marine conservation ecosystems 湿地生态系统Wetla nds ecosystems areas森林生态系统Forest ecosystems 红树沼泽Man grove swamps 微生物Microorga nisms植树造林Afforestation 水禽Waterfowl 移栖种Migratory species针叶林Coniferous forests 水涝地Waterlogged lands 国家公园Nati onal parks森林砍伐Deforestation 流域管理Watershed man agem ent 国家保护区Natio nal reserves森林保护Forest con servati on 水边开发Waterside developme nt 寄生生物Parasites森林火灾Forest fires 生物多样性和保护区Biological 愉猎Poaching草地火灾Grass fires diversity and protected areas 灵长目Primates绿化带Greenbelts 适应性强的物种Adaptable species 保护区Protected areas本地森林In dige nous forests 藻类Algae 受保护的物种Protected species再造林Reafforestation 两栖动物Amphibia ns 爬行动物Reptiles植被恢复Revegetation 动物习性An imal behaviour 陆地生物资源Terrestrial biological亚热带生态系统Sub-tropical 动物资源An imal resources resourcesecosystems 节肢动物Arthropods 植被Vegetation温带森林Temperate forests 生物多样性Biological diversity 杂草Weeds温带林地Temperate woodla nds 生物资源Biological resources 野生生物Wildlife树木Trees 生物圈保护区Biosphere reserves 野生生物保护Wildlife con servati on热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems 群落生境Biotopes 野生生物生境Wildlife habitats热带森林Tropical forests 鸟类Birds 动物园Zoological garde ns热带森林生态系统Tropical forest 植物园Bota ni cal garde ns 细菌Bacteriaecosystems 酶Enzymes真菌Fungi 自然排水系统Natural drainage 污水处理厂Sewage treatme nt pla nts基因库Gene banks systems 水泵Water pumps种质Germ plasm 河流流域开发River basin 水处理Water treatme nt微生物资源Microbial resources developme nt 水井Water wells原生生物Protozoa 河流Rivers 海洋环境MARINE ENVIRONMENTS病毒Viruses 雪Snow 海洋生态系统Marine ecosystems酵母Yeasts 地下水Subterranean water 藻花Algal bloom生物技术问题Biotechnological 地表水Surface waters 海底生态系统Be nthic ecosystems issues 水资源保护Water resources 海洋污染Mari ne polluti on农业生物技术Agricultural con servati on 污染沉积物Mari ne sedime ntsbiotech no logies 水资源开发Water resources 海洋环境Ocean circulation生物伦理学Bioethics developme nt 洋流Ocean currents生物安全Biosafety 淡水生态系统Freshwater 海洋Oceans生物技术Biotech no logies ecosystems 海洋温度Ocean temperature无性繁殖Clo ning 集水区Catchme nt areas 赤潮Red tide与健康有关的生物技术Health-related 国际河流流域International river 海平面Sea levelbiotech no logies bas ins 潮，潮汐Tides诱变剂Mutagens 湖泊流域Lake bas ins 沿海生态系统Coastal ecosystems突变微生物释放Mutated 池塘尾渣Ponds taili ngs 群岛Archipelagoesmicroorga ni sms release 河流流域River bas ins 沿海地区Coastal areas突变体Mutants 淡水恶化Freshwater degradati on 沿海开发Coastal development繁殖控制Reproductive mani pulati on 河流污染River pollutio n 沿海环境Coastal environmentsDNA 重组技术Recomb inant DNA 径流Ru n-off 海岸侵蚀Coastal erosiontech no logy 沉积物移动Sedime nt mobilizati on 疏浚Dredging动物的选择性繁殖Selective breedi ng 沉积物运移Sedime nt tran sport 河口生态系统Estuari ne ecosystemsof ani mals 沉积盆地Sedime ntary bas ins 岛屿生态系统Isla nd ecosystems植物的选择性繁殖Selective breedi ng 渗漏Seepage 小岛屿Small isla ndsof pla nts 凤眼蓝Water hyacinth 海洋生物资源Living marine 生物技术的社会一经济影响水污染Water pollution resourcesSocio-ec on omic impact of 水的盐化Water sali nation 水生哺乳动物Aquatic mammalsbiotech no logies 饮用水供应Drin ki ng water supply 水生微生物Aquatic microorga ni sms致畸剂Teratogens 脱盐Desalination 水生植物Aquatic plants淡水FRESHWATER 饮用水Drin ki ng water 珊瑚礁Coral reefs淡水资源Freshwater resources 饮用水处理Drinking water 甲壳纲动物Crustacea ns谈水保护Con servati on of freshwater treatme nt 鱼类Fish水坝Dams 城市配水系统Municipal water 海洋资源保护Marine resources冰Ice distribution systems con servati on湖泊Lakes 农村供水Rural water supply 软体动物Molluscs水生贝壳类动物Shellfish 环境影响Environmen tal impact 经济管理手段Eco nomic 环境管理ENVIRONMENTAL 环境影响评价Environ me ntal impact man ageme nt in strume nts MANAGEMENT assessme nt 成本-效益分析Cost-benefit analysis资源管理Resources man ageme nt 环境影响状报告书Environmental 发展中国家债务Developi ng cou ntries深海矿藏Deep sea deposits impact stateme nt debt森林管理Forest man agem ent 环境指标Environmen tal in dicators 环境股票交易Environmen tal stock 森林政府Forest policy 环境政策Environmen tal policy exchange资源的地埋分布Geographic 环境风险评估Environmental risk 政府环境开支Government distribution of resources assessme nt environmen tal expe nditures土地价值Land values 财政资助Finan cial assista nce 绿色财政手段Green fiscal矿产资源Mineral resources 土地利用规划Land use pla nning in strume nts国家保护计划Natio nal con servati on 环境管理指标Environmental 环境成本内在化Internalisation of programmes man ageme nt in dicators environmen tal costs自然资源Natural resources 环境质量指标Environmen tal quality 以绿色标志促销Marketing with 自然保护Nature con servati on in dicators gree n labelli ng不可再生资源Non-renewable 试验项目Pilot projects 资源的定价政策Pricing policies of resources 政策规划Policy pla nning resources资源净损耗Net resource depletion 施压集团Pressure groups 结构调整计划Structural adjustme nt 矿床Ore deposits 区域规划Regio nal pla nning programs石油资源保护Petroleum resources 自助计划Self-help programmes 税收差别Tax differe ntiationcon servati on 工农业选址Sit ing of in dustry 可交易的许可证Tradeable permits可再生资源Ren ewable resources 社会调查Social surveys 人类住区HUMAN SETTLEMENTS资源估价Resource appraisal 发展状况Status of development 人类住区管理Human settlements 资源保护Resource con servati on 可持续发展Sustai nable developme nt man ageme nt海底开发Sea bed exploitati on 可持续发展指标Sustainable 建成区Built-up areas海底采矿Sea bed mi ning developme nt in dicators 经济规戈V Econ omic zoning本地资源的利用Utilization of local 技术评价Tech no logy assessme nt 用火安全要求Fire safety resources 运输计戈H Tran sport pla nning requireme nts环境规戈V Environmen tal pla nning 环境经济问题Environmental 历史遗址Historical sites发展合作Developme nt cooperati on econ omic issues 住房改善Hous ing improveme nts发展计戈V Developme nt pla nning 环境定价Environmen tal valuati on 住房需求Housi ng needs生态发展Ecodevelopme nt 环境成本Environmen tal costs 住房规戈V Hous ing programmes经济发展Econ omic developme nt 夕卜咅B Externalities 住房质量标准Housing quality 经济计戈V Econ omic pla nning 重置成本Replaceme nt costs sta ndards环境核算Environmen tal accoun ti ng 贸易对环境的影响Trade impact on 工业区In dustrial areas环境审计Environmen tal audit ing environment 非高峰时间工作Off-peak worki ng环境健康影响评价Environmental 已定价值的生态系统组成部分Valued 办公室Officeshealth impact assessme nt ecosystem comp onents城区发展模式Patterns of urban 电力分配Electric power distributi on 低价住房Low-cost hous inggrowth 公共花园Public garde ns 流动工人Migra nt workers规划的城区发展Planned urban 公路Highways 少数民族Minoritiesdevelopme nt 空地Open spaces 社区改善计划Neighbourhood 再建房屋Rehous ing 管道Pipelines improveme nt schemes租赁房屋Re ntal hous ing 运动场Playgro unds 新社区New comm un ities居民区Residential areas 公园Public parks 流浪者Nomads建筑安全标准Safety standards for 公用事业Public utilities 非高峰时间通勤Off-peak commuti ng buildi ngs 道路建设Road con structi on 公共卫生Public health商店Shops 道路养护Road maintenance 种族关系Race relatio ns建筑业标准Standards for building 体育设施Sports facilities 娱乐Recreationin dustry 电信Telecomm uni cati ons 农村地区Rural areas城区设计Urban desig n 运输系统Tran sport systems 环境卫生Sa nitatio n建成结构Built structures 隧道Tunnels 社会指数Social indicators桥梁Bridges 城市供水Urban water supply 社会-经济因素Socio-economic 建筑材料Buildi ng materials 公共服务Public services factors建筑物Buildings 人类住区的社会一经济方面旅游Tourism建筑技术Buildi ng tech no logy Socio-economic aspects of human 旅行Travel施工技术Con structi on tech no logy settleme nts 贫困阶层Un der-privileged people建筑工程Con struction works 生育控制Birth control 城市地区Urban areas农业建筑Farm buildi ngs 社区服务Comm unity services 城区改造Urban renewal政府建筑Governme nt buildi ngs 社区参与Comm unity participati on 城区压力Urban stress高层建筑High-rise buildi ngs 通勤Commuting 妇女地位Women status工业建筑In dustrial buildi ngs 消费方式Con sumpti on patter ns 人类住区的环境方面Environ me ntal 本地建筑材料Local materials for 文化指标Cultural in dicators aspects of huma n settleme ntsbuildi ng 发展模式Developme nt patterns 空调Air conditioning拖车住房Mobile homes 残疾人Disabled pers ons 尸体处置Disposal of the dead核研究中心Nuclear research centres 毒品滥用Drug abuse 区城供热District heat ing装配式房屋Prefabricated buildi ngs 生态旅游Ecotourism 住房密度Hous ing den sity结构Structures 计划生育Family pla nning 过度拥挤Overcrowding隔热Thermal insulation 性别问题Ge nder issues 难民Refugees基础设施In frastructure 无家可归Homeless ness 旅游设施Tourist facilities通道Access roads 住房集资Hous ing finance 城市衰败Urban decay水上娱乐活动Aquatic recreational 人类迁居Huma n migrati on 农业AGRICULTUREame nities 人口Human population 农业方式Agricultural practices汽车停放Automobile park ing 人权Human rights 农业设备Agricultural equipment建成的排水系统Built drainage 土地分配Land allotme nt 农业管理Agricultural management systems 生活方式Lifestyles 农业方法Agricultural methods农业害虫Agricultural pests 食品辐照Food irradiation农业生产Agricultural producti on 食品保存Food preservati on农业储藏Agricultural storage 食品贮藏Food storage动物疾病An imal diseases 食品运输Food tran sport动物营养An imal nutriti on 林产品Forest products养蜂业Apiculture 烟草Tobacco水产养殖Aquaculture 农用化学品Agrochemicals害虫的生物控制Biological con trol of 化学肥料Chemical fertilizerspests 杀真菌剂Fun gicides生物固氮Biological n itroge n fixati on 除草剂Herbicides堆肥Composts 杀虫齐ij的代谢Metabolism of 等高耕作Con tour farming pesticides受控燃烧Con trolled burni ng 硝酸盐Nitrates作物保护Crop protectio n 亚硝酸盐Nitrites挽畜Draught animals 亚硝胺Nitrosam in es鱼类养殖Fish culture 营养物Nutrie nts渔业管理Fisheries man ageme nt 有机磷化物Organophosphorous谷物Grains compo unds作物虫害传染In festation of crops 杀虫剂的持久性Persistence of 粮食虫害传染In festation of food pesticides灌溉Irrigation 杀虫剂路径Pesticide pathways灌溉渠Irrigation canals 杀虫剂Pesticides灌溉农业Irrigation farmi ng 磷酸盐Phosphates天然肥料Natural fertilizers 杀虫剂的毒性Toxicity of pesticides有机农业Orga nic farmi ng 杀虫剂的使用Utilizatio n of pesticides病虫害控制Pest ma nageme nt 工业INDUSTRY杀虫剂标准控制Pesticide control 工业生产过程In dustrial processessta ndards 制铝工业Alumi nium in dustry植物病害Pla nt diseases 适用技术Appropriate tech no logy家禽饲养Poultry farming 高炉Blast furnaces林农轮作Shifti ng cultivati on 纤维素Cellulose树木苗圃Tree nu rseries 化学工业Chemical in dustry滴灌Trickle irrigation 清洁技术Clea n tech nologies农工业Agro-industry 服装工业Clothi ng in dustry畜产品Animal products 乳品业Dairy in dustry饮料工业Beverage in dustry 脱盐工厂Desali nati on pla nts酿造业Brewing industry 干洗Dry cleaning蒸馏业Distilling industry 炼铁工业Iron in dustry 洗烫衣服皮革工业金属加工Laun deri ngLeather industryMetal fin ishi ng。
航海英语评估词汇(中英对照1)2
航海英语评估词汇1.abbreviation 缩写词2.abnormalities 异常情况3.absorbent 吸油剂4.accommodation ladder5.accompany 陪伴6.activate 启动7.activity 活动8.actual 实际的9.adequate 足够的10.adjacent 邻近的11.adjustment 调整12.adrift 漂流的13.advisable 可行的14.aforementioned前文提及的15.agent 代理16.alert 警报17.aloft 高处的18.alongside 并靠19.alpha 希腊字母A20.alter 改变21.amongst 在…之中22.annual 每年的anti-corrosive pain 防腐漆23.apparatus 设备24.appliance 用具25.applicable 适用于的26.application 申请，应用27.appropriate 恰当的28.approval 批准(n.)29.approve 批准（v.）30.armband 袖标31.arrange 安排32.ascertain 断定33.ashore 岸上34.assemble 集合,组装35.assembly station集合点36.assessment 评估37.assignment 任务38.assistance 救助39.associate 与…联想40.attachment 附件41.attendance 出席42.attribute 归因于43.audits 审计44.authority 权威45.avoid 避免46.aweigh 锚离底的47.awful 可怕的48.bale 捆49.ballast 压载水50.ban 禁止51.barge 驳船52.batten 封舱53.beams 横梁54.bearing 方位，轴承55.berth 泊位56.bilge pump 污水泵57.billboard 广告牌58.biscuit 饼干59.blame 责怪60.blast 声号61.block 帖图62.boiler 锅炉63.bosun 水手长64.bottom 海底65.bound 注定的66.briefly 简短地67.bruise 疤痕68.bulkhead 隔舱69.bulwark 舷墙70.bump 碰撞71.bunkering 加油72.cabin 舱室73.cable 锚链，电报74.cadet 见习驾驶员75.calibration 校正76.canal 运河77.cancellation 取消78.canvas sling帆布吊货带79.capacity 能力80.capsize 倾覆81.carbon dioxide二氧化碳82.cardinal 基础的83.carpenter 木匠84.carton 纸箱85.casualty 伤亡人数86.catalogue 目录87.categorize 分类88.category 范畴89.caution 谨慎90.cease 停止91.centigrade 摄氏度92.certificate 证书93.chain sling 吊链94.chain 锚链95.chandler 供货商96.charterer 租船97.charterer 租船方98.cheerily 开心地99.chemical 化学的100.chief 主要的101.chipping and scaling 铲锈与刮锈102.chisel 凿103.clearance 清楚,通关104.clip 夹扣105.coastguard 海岸警备队员106.code, 标准，密码107.collide 碰撞108.collision 碰撞109.column 栏木,柱子bination 合并bustible 易燃的bustion 燃烧modity 商品pensation 赔偿petency 能力pulsory 强制的117.concerned 关注的118.condensation 凝固119.conduct 行为,举办120.congested 拥挤的121.consignee 收货人122.consistent一致的123.constrain 迫使124.consumption 消费125.container 集装箱126.continuous 连续的127.contradict与…意见相左128.conveniently 方便地129.convention 公约,习俗130.convoy 编队131.cooperation 合作132.correspondence 通讯133.corridor 通道，走廊134.corrosive 腐蚀的135.coupon 优惠券136.cover 覆盖137.crack 裂痕138.crane 起重机139.crate 柳条筐140.critical 关键的141.critical condition 临界状况142.crosswise 交叉的143.crude oil 原油144.crushed carton压扁的纸箱145.cubic meter 立方米146.cucumber 黄瓜147.currency 货币148.curriculum 课程表149.damage survey损坏勘验150.damp 潮湿的151.davit 吊艇柱152.decent 体面的153.declaration 申报,宣布154.declare 宣布155.decorate 装饰156.delay 推迟157.delicate 纤细的158.dent 凹进去159.departure 离开160.deposit 储存161.derrick 重吊162.derust 除锈163.destination 目的地164.destined 注定的165.detail 细节166.detention 扣留167.determine 确定168.deteriorate 恶化169.device 设施170.diagonal 对角的171.diameter 直径172.diesel 柴油173.dimension 尺寸174.disconnect 断开175.dismantle 拆除176.dispense 放弃177.dispersant 祛除剂178.dispute 争议179.distress 遇险180.distribution 分配181.diver 潜水员182.diverge 分歧183.divorce 离婚184.dizzy 眩晕的185.dockside 船坞边186.document 文件187.drain 排水188.drainage valve 排水阀189.dredger 疏浚船190.drifting 漂流191.drip-tray 滴水盘192.drum lid 桶盖193.drummed 桶装的194.dual watch facility 双工设备195.dunnage plank 垫料木板196.duplicate 一式两份197.durable 耐用的198.dust 灰尘199.dutiable 须征税的200.duunage 垫料201.eject 弹射202.embarkation 上船203.emit 散发204.endorsement 批准205.ensure 确保206.entirely 完全地207.entity 整体，法人208.epidemic 流行病209.errand 差事210.escort 护送211.essence 本质212.essential 本质的213.establish 建立214.evaporate 蒸发215.eventually 终于216.exactly 准确地217.exceed 超过218.exclusively 排他性地219.execute 执行220.execution 执行221.expire 过期222.explosive 爆炸物223.extend 延长224.extinguisher 灭火器225.extra 额外的226.facilitate 有利于227.fairly 相当地228.fake 假的229.familiarization 熟悉230.fare 票231.final 最后的232.flammable 易燃的233.floating 漂浮234.flooding 进水235.foodstuff 食品236.fore peak tank前尖舱237.foreman 工头238.foul 缠绕的,污浊的239.fracture 使…脱臼240.fragile 易碎的241.fuel 燃料242.fumigate 熏舱243.function 功能244.gain 获得245.galley 厨房246.gangway 舷梯247.gantry 龙门架248.generator 发电机249.germ 细菌250.grant 批准251.guideline 指导方针252.guy 稳索253.handsomely 漂亮地254.harbour 港口255.hawse pipe 锚链管256.hazardous 危险的257.hectopascal 百帕258.hoist 升起259.horizontal 水平的260.hospitalization 住院261.iceberg 冰山262.identification 身份263.immediate 立即的264.immersion 没入水中265.immigration 移民266.implement 履行267.implicitly 含蓄地268.imply 暗示269.inaccurate 不准确的270.incident 事件271.incinerator 焚烧炉272.incline 使倾斜273.inconsistency 不一致性274.indispensable不可缺少的275.individual 个别的276.ineffective 无效的277.inert 惰性气体的278.infect 感染279.inferior 低劣的280.inflation 通货膨胀281.initiate 启动282.injure 使受伤283.injury 受伤284.inoculate 打预防针285.inoperative 无法工作286.inspect 检查287.inspection 检查288.inspector 检察官289.install 安装290.interlock 联锁291.intermodalism多式联运292.interrelation 相互关系293.interval 间歇294.intonation 语调295.investigation 调查296.issue发放问题，期（刊）297.item 项目，东西298.jettison 弃船299.jumbo 重吊300.keep sb informed of让某人知道…bourer 劳动者ntern 灯笼unch 使…下水；交通艇undry 洗衣服305.leeside 下风舷306.level 水平，等级307.liable 易受……负责的308.liquor 酒309.litter 担架，垃圾310.longitudinal 纵向的311.longitudinal 经度的312.long-sleeved shirt 长袖的衬衫313.loose bale 散装包货314.lot 一票（货）315.lower 降低316.luminous 发光的317.luxury 奢侈318.magnetron 磁子319.mandatory 命令的320.manifold 总管321.manoevure 操纵322.manrope 扶手绳323.manual 手动的,手册324.mast 桅杆325.mat 垫子326. maximum 最大限度（的） 327. medical医疗的328. MFAG医疗急救指南 329. military assistance 军事援助 330. minimum 最小限度（的） 331. minor 次要的 332. missile 导弹 333. moderate 适中的 334. moisture 潮湿 335. moor 系泊 336. motor 马达 337. mount 架设 338. MSA海事局339. multilingual 多语种的 340. necessity必要性341. negative 否定的 342. neglectful 忽略的 343. non-essential 无关紧要的 344. nozzle喷头 345. observe 遵守 346. obstruct 妨碍 347. obtain 获得 348. obtain获得349. obvious 明显的 350. occasionally 偶然地 351. occupation 职业 352. oily water 油污水 353. on the spot 当场 354. optimize 使…优化 355. ordnance演习356. outfit 装备 357. outlet 排出口 358. overdue 超期 359. overflow 溢出 360. overhaul 大修 361. owing to 由于 362. oxidize使氧化363. package 包装/包裹 364. painkiller止痛药 365. paint油漆 366. parachute 降落伞 367. parallel 平行的368. particular average 单损 369. paste 粘贴 370. patrol 巡逻 371. perform实施372. periodically 定期地 373. permanently 永久地 374. personnel 人员 375. pertinent 中肯的 376. pier码头377. pilferage 偷窃 378. pilot ladder 引水梯 379. piping管系380. pirate 海盗 381. plank木版382. plug 塞子 383. plumber 管道工 384. poisonous 有毒的 385. portable可移动的386. potential 潜在的 387. pratique 免于检疫 388. previous 之前的 389. prior to在……之前 390. probably 或许 391. prohibit 禁止 392. projector探照灯393. prompt 快速的 394. properly 恰当地395. provision 食品，条款 396. pumproom泵房397. qualified 合格的 398. quantity数量399. quarantine 检疫 400. quay 码头 401. radioactive放射性的402. radius 半径 403. railings栏杆404. rating 低级船员 405. receipt收据 406. reciprocal 反向的 407. recondition修理408. rectify 矫正 409. reefer冰箱 410. refrigerated冷藏的411. registry 登记 412. regulation 规定413. release 释放，发行414. remark 议论，备注 415. removal排除416. renailed carton 重新用钉子钉上的箱子 417. renew 更新 418. repetition 重复 419. replenish补充420. representative 代表 421. rescue救护422. residue 残渣 423. resource 资源 424. respect 尊敬，方面425. respectively 各自地426. restow 重新码货 427. restrict 限制 428. resume重新开始429. retreat 撤退 430. revise 修订431. rig 架设 432. roger明白433. rope off 用绳子隔离 434. rotation轮转435. rough handling 野蛮装卸436.route 线路437.rust 生锈438.safeguard 保护439.sagging 中垂440.salvage 打捞441.sanitary 卫生的442.sanitize 使卫生443.scale and odor 刮锈与气味444.scattered 分散的445.scene 景色446.schedule 日程表447.scoop 勺子448.scrape away 勉强过关449.scupper 排水孔450.sea suction valve 海水吸水阀451.search 搜寻452.sea-valve 海阀453.secure 固定,安全454.security 安全455.segregate 隔离456.segregation 隔离457.seismic 地震458.separation 分离459.serviceable 可用的460.shift the guy 移稳索461.shifting cargo 移货462.shipowner 船东463.shipper 货方464.shipyard 船厂465.signature 签名466.slack 松弛的，空闲的467.slamming and pounding （指大浪）用力拍打468.sling 司令货吊469.slop tank 污水舱470.sludge 污水471.smelling cargo 有味道的货物472.smooth 顺畅的473.snatch block 开口滑车474.snatch 抓起475.souvenir 礼品476.spanner 扳手477.specification 规格478.sphere 范围479.spillage 溢出480.spirits 白酒，精神481.spontaneous 自发的482.stainless 不锈的483.stainless 不锈的484.stamp 邮票485.standardize使…标准化486.statement 说法487.statutory 法规的488.steadier 更稳健的489.steel pipe 钢管490.steer 操舵491.stevedore 搬运工492.steward 电报员493.storm valve 止回阀494.stove 炉子495.stow 堆放码垛496.stowage plan 积载图497.stowage 堆放498.stowaway 偷渡客499.stowpiece 固定夹500.strain 扭伤，拉紧501.strategy 策略502.structural 结构的503.submerge 浸入水中504.submit 提交505.substance 物质506.substitute 替代507.summary 总结508.superfluous 多余的509.superintendent 主管510.surge 纵摇511.survey 勘察512.surveyor 验船/货师513.survivor 幸存者514.suspend 中止515.sway 横荡516.swing 移动517.switch 开关518.syllabus 大纲519.synthetic scoop 合成材料做的舀水器520.tag 标签521.tally 理货522.tallyman 理货员523.target 目标524.tarpaulin 帆布525.technical 技术的526.temporary 临时的527.tension 绷紧528.terrestrial 地面的529.terrorist 恐怖分子530.The anchor is home. 锚已收至锚链舱531.thereto 向那里，此外532.thickness 厚度533.threat 威胁534.tide 潮汐535.tier 层536.tighten 旋紧537.timber 木材538.tonic 滋补的539.touch down 降落540.tour in pairs 两人一组巡逻541.toxic 毒气的542.transmit 传播543.transshipment 转运544.transverse 横向的545.treat 对待，请客546.triangular 三角形的547.trim 使均匀，纵摇548.tube 试管549.turbine 涡轮机550.turnover 装卸货时间551.tweendeck 二层甲板552.twist 弯曲553.two coats of 两层的554.unconscious 昏迷的555.under control 在控制下556.unfortunately 不幸地557.union purchase 双吊558.unseaworthiness 不适航性559.update 使更新560.upstream 上游561.vacant 空闲的562.vaccination 种疫苗563.valid 有效的564.validity 有效期565.veer 风向顺转566.ventilate 使通风567.ventilation 通风568.ventilator 通风管569.verify 核实570.vertical 垂直的571.via 通过572.vicinity 附近573.victual 食品574.viscosity 粘性575.visibility 能见度576.visual 视觉的577.voyage 航行578.wake 尾流579.walkie-talkie 步话机580.weld 电焊581.wharfside 码头边582.windlass 锚机583.windward 向风处的584.workmanship 工艺585.worn out 疲惫的586.wreck 毁坏587.yacht 游艇588.589.。
物理海洋大气科学常用专业词汇中英文对照
1 advection n. 平流2 Aleutian Low 阿留申低压3 angular momentum 角动量conservation of angular momentum4 antiphase n. 反位相 propagate in antiphase5 arbitrary adj. 任意的 arbitrary constant (任意常数)6 attenuate v. 削弱7 available potential energy 有效位能8 background wind field 背景风场9 baroclinic a. 斜压的 baroclinic instability10 barotropic a. 正压的 barotropic instability11 be proportional to 与……成比例12 benthic adj. 深海底的13 boundary condition 边值条件14 bounded domain 有界域→反：unbounded domain15 carrier wave 载波16 Cartesian coordinates 笛卡尔坐标系17 circumglobal a. 环绕地球旋转的，环地球的18 compensate v. 偿还，补偿19 conjugate adj. 共轭的 complex conjugate (共轭复数)20 convection n. 对流21 convergence n. 辐合→反：divergence22 convert v. 转换，相变 convert water into ice23 coordinate n. 坐标 Cartesian coordinates；spherical coordinates24 cumulative adj. 累积的 cumulative impact on25 damping n. 阻尼；减辐，衰减26 derivative n. 导数 the second order derivative27 diffusion n. 扩散28 diffusivity n. 扩散率29 discrepancy n. 差异，矛盾30 discrete adj. 离散的，不连续的31 displacement n. 位移 angular displacement32 dissipative a. 耗散的 dissipative effect33 divergence n. 辐散→反：convergence34 Drake Passage 德雷克海峡35 empirical adj. 经验的 model and empirical studies36 entropy n. 熵 specific entropy (比熵)37 equilibrium n. 平衡，均衡38 equivalent n. & adj. 相似的（物），等价的（物）39 essence n. 基本，本质40 exponential n. & adj. 指数（的）41 geostrophic adj. 地转的42 Icelandic Low 冰岛低压43 Indonesian Throughflow 印尼贯穿流44 initial condition 初值条件45 interfere v. （波的）干涉46 inviscid adj. 无粘性的47 isopycn n. 等体积线，等容线48 manifestation n. 显示, 表现49 meridional adj. 经向的50 mesoscale adj. 中尺度的 mesoscale eddy51 meteorological parameters 气象参数52 monotonically adv. 单调地 increase monotonically53 nontrivial adj. 重要的54 optimal adj. 最优的 optimal solution55 pendulum n. 钟摆, 摇锤56 penetrate v. 穿透，渗透57 potential vorticity 位势涡度 conservation of potential vorticity58 propagation n. （信号、声波）的传播59 quantify v. 量化60 radiative equilibrium 辐射平衡61 rectangle n. 长方形, 矩形62 respectively adv. 分别地，各个地63 Rossby deformation radius 罗斯贝变形半径64 schematic adj. 示意性的 summarize schematically in the figure65 sinusoidal adj. 正弦曲线的66 solar insolation 太阳照辐射量67 specular reflection 镜面反射(equal angles of incidence and reflection)68 spherical coordinates 球面坐标系69 standing wave 驻波70 stochastic adj. 随机的71 stochastic adj. 随机的72 stratification n. 层化73 stratosphere n. 平流层74 superposition n. 重叠, 重合75 superposition n. 重叠, 重合76 surface tension 表面张力77 symmetric adj. 对称性的78 synchronicity n. 同步性79 temporal average 时间平均→反：spatial average80 the product of A and B A与B的乘积81 thermocline slope 温跃层倾斜82 Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原83 trajectory n. 轨迹84 transient adj. 瞬时的 transient eddies85 tropic of cancer 北回归线86 tropic of carpricorn 南回归线87 troposphere n. 对流层88 variability n. 可变性89 variable n. 变量90 variance n. 方差91 variation n. 变更, 变化；变数，变分92 vector notation 向量符号表示, 向量记法93 velocity n. 速度94 ventilated thermocline 通风温跃层95 verify the hypothesis 证实了猜想96 vice versa 反之亦然97 viscosity n. 粘性，粘质98 vorticity n. 涡度99 westerlies n. 西风带100 Western Intensification 西向强化101 MOC 经向翻转环流 Meridianal Overturning Circulation。
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主太陽日週潮（principal solar diurnal constituent）：P1=T-h=
14.9589314°/hrs，即週期為平均太陽日。
月齡（age of the moon）：自上一新月（朔）開始所經歷之時間。通常以日數及其小數表示之。
主太陰日週潮（principal lunar diurnal constituent）：O1= T+h-2s
=13.9430356°/hrs，即其週期為25.81934166474平均太陽時。
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太陽半年週潮（solar semiannual constituent）：Ssa=2h，即週期為182.621平均太陽日。
太陽年週潮（solar annual constituent）：Sa=h，即週期為365.2422平均太陽日。
太陽潮（solar tide）：純指受太陽影響的潮汐。
升交點（ascending node）：天體往北通過黃道面之點。
方位角（azimuth）：自觀測者子午線天頂量至觀測目標之角度。
太陰半月週潮（lunar fortnightly constituent）：Mf=2s= 1.09803306
冬至點（winter solstice）：在秋分點與春分點之中央，即黃道上最南之一點，稱為冬至點。
白道（moon’s path）：太陰公轉之軌道稱為白道。白道面和黃道面的交角為5°8￠402。
平均水位（mean water level）：一個水域的平均水面高度。
天球赤道（celestial equator）：通過天球中心和天軸相垂直的平面稱為天球赤道面，此赤道面和天球相交的大圈稱為天球赤道。
天頂角（zenith）：將某地之鉛垂線方向引出水平面以上交接天球上之點。
天極（celestial poles）：通過天球中心作一直線和地軸平行，此直線（稱為天軸）和天球相交於兩點，此兩點均稱為天極。
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日月合成半日週潮（lunisolar diurnal constituent）：K2=2(T+h)=
30.0821373°/hrs，即其週期為11.96723482798平均太陽時。
日月合成半月週潮（lunisolar synodic fortnightly constituent）：MSf =
发表于 2006-11-1 20:22 | 只看该作者 [社会区域] 常用的潮汐詞彙（中英文对照）
潮汐, 中英文
大圈（great circle）：通過球心的平面和球面相交的圓稱為大圈。
大潮（spring tide）：潮差相對最大時稱為大潮。
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2s-2h=14.76529384214平均太陽日。
月潮間隙（lunitidal
interval）：月球中天過某地方子午線或格林威治子午線之時間，與次一高潮或低潮之時間間隔，稱為高潮間隙或低潮間隙。所有高潮間隙之平均數稱為平均月高潮間隙或高潮間隙；所有低潮間隙之平均數稱為平均月低潮間隙或低潮間隙。當有週日不等時，有可分為較高高潮間隙、較低高潮間隙、較高低潮間隙、較低低潮間隙。
主太陰半日週潮（principal lunar semidiurnal constituent）：M2= 2T+2h-2s
=28.9841042°/hrs，即其週期為12.42060122044平均太陽時。
主太陰橢率半日週潮（large lunar elliptic semidiurnal
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小潮差（neap range）：小潮平均低潮位和小潮平均高潮位之差。
天文潮（meteorological tide）：受天體引力影響所產生的水位變動。
天球（celestial
sphere）：以觀測者或地球中心為中心，任意長為半徑，畫一大球面，則一切天體皆可投影在此球面上，此球面即稱為天球。
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平均潮位（mean tide level）：某一地點於十九年週期間，所有水位高度的平均值。
平均低潮位（mean low water）：某一地點於十九年週期間，所有低潮水位高度的平均值。簡稱M.L.W.。
平均大潮較低低潮位（mean lower low water
大潮升（spring rise）：最低低潮位至大潮平均高潮位之差值。
大潮差（spring range）：大潮平均低潮位和大潮平均高潮位之差。
小潮（neap tide）：潮差相對最小時稱為小潮。
小潮升（neap rise）：最低低潮位至小潮平均高潮位稱為小潮升。
分點潮（equinoxtial
tide）：週日不等的現象會有季節性的變化，當太陰或太陽直下點(nadir)位於赤道附近時，其週日不等的現象不顯著，此時所發生的潮汐稱為分點潮。
水尺（tide staff）：刻有刻度的標尺，可在任一時間讀出潮高。
主太陽半日週潮（principal solar semidiurnal constituent）：S2=2T=
30°/hrs，即週期為12平均太陽時。
半日潮（semidiurnal tide）：每天有兩次高潮兩次低潮者，稱為半日潮或日雙潮（double day tide）。
水準點（bench mark）：一個永久固定的標石上刻有標誌，記載該點與基準面相關高度之數值，為驗潮之參考面和水準測量之控制點。
日月合成日週潮（lunisolar diurnal constituent）：K1=T+h=
15.0410686°/hrs，即其週期為23.93446965597平均太陽時。
springs）：某一地點之大潮時，其較低低潮之平均高度。簡稱M.L.L.W.S.。
平均較低低潮位（mean lower low water）：某一地點於十九年週期間，其較低低潮之平均高度。簡稱M.L.L.W.。
平均大潮高潮（mean high water springs）：大潮時，其高潮之平均高度。簡稱M.H.W.S.
平均小潮高潮（mean high w [ 本帖最后由 steven9835 于 2007-12-21 17:10 编辑 ]
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°/hrs，即週期為13.660790869085平均太陽日。
太陰潮（lunar tide）：純指受月球影響的潮汐。
太陽日（solar day）：地球以太陽為基準，繞地軸自轉一周所需的時間。
太陽日週潮（solar diurnal constituent）：S1=T=5°/hrs，即週期為一平均太陽日。
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