材料科学与工程专业英语1-19单元课后翻译答案
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材料科学与工程专业英语1-19单元课后翻译答案
Unit 1
1.“材料科学”涉及到研究材料的结构与性能的关系。相反,材料工程是根据
材料的结构与性质的关系来涉及或操控材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的
性质。 2.实际上,所有固体材料的重要性质可以分为六类:机械、电学、热学、
磁学、光学、腐蚀性。 3.除了结构与性质,材料科学与工程还有其他两个重
要的组成部分,即加工与性能。 4.工程师或科学家越熟悉材料的各种性质、
结构、性能之间的关系以及材料的加工技术,根据以上的原则,他或她就会越
自信与熟练地对材料进行更明智的选择。 5.只有在少数情况下,材料才具有最
优或最理想的综合性质。因此,有时候有必要为某一性质而牺牲另一性能。
6.Interdisciplinary dielectric constant Solid material(s)
heat capacity Mechanical property electromagnetic radiation
Material processing elastic modulus 7.It was not until relatively
recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between
the structural elements of materials and their properties. 8. Materials
engineering is to solve the problem during the manufacturing and
application of materials. 9. 10.Mechanical properties relate
deformation to an applied load or force.
Unit 2
1. 金属是电和热很好的导体,在可见光下不透明;擦亮的金属表面有金属光泽。
2. 陶瓷是典型的导热导电的绝缘体,并且比金属和聚合物具有更高的耐热温度
和耐恶劣环境性能。 3. 用于高科技领域的材料有时也被称为先进材料。 4.
压电陶瓷在电场作用下膨胀和收缩;反之,当它们膨胀和收缩时,他们也能产
生一个电场。 5. 随着能够观察单个原子或者分子的扫描探针显微镜的出现,
操控和移动原子和分子以形成新结构成为可能,因此,我们能通过一些简单的
原子水平的构建就可以设计出新的材料。 6. advanced materials ceramic materials high-performance materials clay minerals
alloy implant glass fibre carbon nanotube 7. Metallic materials have large numbers of
nonlocalized electrons and many properties of metals are directly
attributable to these electrons. 8. Many of polymeric materials are
organic compounds with very large molecular structures. 9. Semiconductors hace electrical properties that are intermediate between
the electrical conductors(viz. metals and metal alloys) and
insulators(viz. ceramics and polymers). 10. Biomaterials must not
produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues.
Unit 3
1.金属的行为(性质)不同于陶瓷的行为(性质),陶瓷的行为(性质)不同
于聚合物的行为(性质)。 2.原子结构主要影响化学性质、物理性质、热学
性质、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能。微结构和宏观结构虽也能影响这些性能
但是他们主要影响力学性能和化学反应速率。 3.金属的强度表明原子是通过
强的键结合在一起的。 4.元素的原子序数表明该元素的原子核内带正电的质
子数。而原子的原子量则表明该原子核中质子数与中子数。 5.Microstructure macrostructure Chemical reaction atomic weight
Balanced electrical charge positively charged proton 6. 100
atoms form thousands of different substances ranging from the air we
breathe to the metal used to support tall buildings, 7.The facts
suggests that metallic atoms are held together bu strong bonds. 8. Microstructure which includes features that cannot be seen with the naked
eye,but using a microscope. Macrostructure includes features that can
be seen with the naked eye. 9. The atomic weight is the sum of proton
number and neutron number in the nucleus.
Unit 4
1.当密度小于水的密度时,物体将漂浮在水面上,当密度大于水的密度时,物
体会沉降。相似的,当比重小于1时,物体将漂浮在水面上,当比重大于1时,
物体会沉降。 2.由于相互排斥而往相反的方向移动,导致磁通量密度比真空
中小,这种材料为反磁性材料。 3.使磁通量密度提高1倍以上小于或等于10
倍的材料叫顺磁性材料,使磁通量密度提高10倍以上的材料叫铁磁性材料。
4.某些铁磁性材料,特别是一些粉末状或夹层铁,钢或镍合金的相对导磁率可
高达1000000。反磁性材料的相对导磁率小于1,但是到目前还没有哪种材料的
相对导磁率远小于1。 5.当顺磁性或铁磁性的芯插入线圈时,其磁感应系数
等于相对磁导率乘以空芯时的磁感应系数。6.specific gravity boiling point magnetic induction coefficient of thermal
conductivity glass transition temperature non-ferrous metals linear coefficient of thermal expansion mass per unit of volume 7.
Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely
different substance are called chemical properties. 8. Phase is a
physical property of matter and matter can exist in four phases: solid,
liquid, gas and plasma. 9. At some temperature below the melting point,
polymers start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules
remain linked in chains, which tesults in a soft and pliable material.
10. In engineering applications, permeability is often expressed in
relative, rather than in absolute.
Unit 5
1. 金属的力学性能决定了材料的使用范围及期望的服役寿命。
2. 因此,一
般多测几次以得到力学性能,报导的数值一般是平均值或者计算的统计最小
值。 3.材料的承载方式极大地影响了材料的力学性能,也决定了材料失效形
式,以及在失效前是否有预警。 4.然而,受力弯曲时会产生一个应力分布,
应力大小与到轴线的垂直距离有关。 5.材料受到低于临界压力即屈服强度的
力时,材料才会发生弹性形变。 6. Test specimen static loading
force normal axis Engineering strain critical stress
yield strength stress area Stress- strain curve 7. Temperatures
below room temperature generally cause an increase in strength
properties of metallic alloys; while ductility, fracture toughness, and
elongation usually decrease. 8. From the respective of what is
happening within a material, stress is the internal distribution of
forces within a body that balance and react to the loads applied to it.
9. Engineering strain is defined as the amount of deformation in the
direction of the applied force divided by the initial length of the