常用国际法词汇

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国际法专业词汇

国际法专业词汇

International law国际法State Law国家法the Statute of the International Court of Justice国际法院规约International treaty国际条约Customary International Law国际习惯General principles of law一般法律原则Judicial decisions司法判决Monism一元论Dualism二元论Basic principles of international law国际法的基本原则Jus Congens强行法the principle of sovereign equality of the states国家主权平等原则the principle of non-interference不干涉原则Mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity 互相尊重主权和领土完整Mutual non-aggression互不侵犯Non-interference in each other's internal affairs互不干涉内政Equality and mutual benefit平等互利Peaceful coexistence和平共处the subjects of international law国际法的主体International personality国际人格Territory领土Residents居民Sovereignty主权Supreme authority最高权威Permanent neutralized state永久中立国Basic right and liability基本权利和义务Right of self-defense自卫权Jurisdiction管辖Immunities from jurisdiction管辖豁免International organization国际组织The nations struggling for their independence争取独立的民族the principles of self-determination of nations民族自决原则Individuals under international law国际法上的个人Recognition under international law国际法上的承认The constitutive theory构成说The declaratory theory宣告说The Succession继承Consent同意Counter-measure and self-defense反措施和自卫Force majeure and an accident不可抗力和偶然事故Severe distress, state of necessity危难和紧急情况Compensation赔偿Territorial sovereignty领土主权Condominium共管Leases租借Spheres of influence势力范围International servitudes国际地役Territorial waters领水Boundary river界河International river国际河流Occupation of terra nullius先占Accretion添付Prescription时效Cession 割让Conquest and annexation征服和吞并Self-determination of peoples人民自决The Antarctic南极The Arctic北极Nationality国籍Blood rule血统原则Right of the territory出生地原则Dual nationality双重国籍National treatment国民待遇Most-favored-nation treatment最惠国待遇Differential treatment差别待遇Diplomatic protection外交保护Effective and continuous nationality有效和持续国籍Exhaustion of local remedies用尽当地救济Extradition引渡Asylum庇护Double criminality principle双重归罪原则Principle of non-extradition of political offenders政治犯不引渡原则Normal baseline正常基线Straight baseline直线基线Internal waters内水Territorial Sea领海Right of innocent passage无害通过权Right of hot pursuit紧追权The Contiguous Zone毗连区the continental shelf大陆架Exclusive Economic Zone专属经济区High Sea公海Freedom of navigation航行自由Freedom of fishing捕鱼自由Freedom of flying飞越自由Archipelagos群岛水域The Area of the International Seabed国际海底区域Space Law空间法Airspace Law空气空间法Hijacking劫持飞机Either extradite or punish或引渡或起诉Outer space law外层空间法Diplomatic relations外交关系Consular relations领事关系Diplomatic privileges and immunities外交特权与豁免The immunity of diplomatic mission使馆豁免The consular privileges and immunities领事特权与豁免the Law of Treaties条约法Reservations保留Invalidity无效Termination, And Suspension of Treaties条约的终止和暂停施行the United Nations联合国The General Assembly大会The Security Council安理会Negotiation谈判Consultation协商Good offices斡旋Mediation调停Inquiry调查Conciliation和解Arbitration仲裁Judicial Methods司法解决。

法律英语词汇国际法

法律英语词汇国际法

管辖: Jurisdiction级别管辖: jurisdiction by level地区管辖: territorial jurisdiction移送管辖: referral jurisdiction指定管辖: designation jurisdiction审讯组织 :trial organization回避 withdrawal诉讼参加人participants in court诉讼当事人parties in court诉讼代理人agents ad litem时期: time periods送到 service调停 conciliation财富保全property preservation先予履行preliminary execution阻碍民事诉讼的强迫举措:compulsory measures against impairment of civil actions 诉讼费: litigation costs第一审一般程序ordinary procedure of first instance第二审程序procedure of second instance起诉 bring a lawsuit受理 accept a case开庭审理trial in court诉讼中断 suspension of a lawsuit诉讼停止conclusion of a lawsuit判决 judgment裁定 order简略程序 summary procedure特别程序 special procedure选民资格案件cases concerning certificates of voters宣布失散proclamation of a person as missing宣布死亡proclamation of a person as dead无民事行为能力incompetent for civil conduct限制行为能力limited capacity for civil conduct无主财富property of ownerless履行申请 application for execution履行移转 referral of execution仲裁 arbitration司法辅助 judicial assistance案件case案件发回remand/remit a case(to a low court)案件名称title of a case模卷资料materials in the case案情陈说书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全举措申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case(to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈说final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次争辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim's agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请履行人party against whom execution is filed 被履行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必需共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩白defense辩白律师defense attorney/lawyer辩白人defender辩白凭证exculpatory evidence; defense evidence争辩阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回恳求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、保持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgment/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case增补争辩supplementary answer增补判决supplementary judgement增补侦察supplementary investigation不公然审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不同意拘捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财富保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定order;determination(指最后裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling判决书award采信的凭证admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤除立案revoke a case placed on file撤除原判,发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的凭证exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement(for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call听说凭证hearsay争辩answer; reply争辩陈说书statement of defence争辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理指控agency for accusation代理申述agency for appeal代理审讯员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈说statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人third party检查笔录record of investigation按期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪凭证incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze敦促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲减员sole arbitrator对阻碍民事诉讼的强迫举措compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 对席判决judgement interparties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定凭证statutory legal evidence法定凭证制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律救助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭争辩court debate法庭检查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院通告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉争辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯法嫌疑人criminal suspect附加民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附加民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action 复查reexamination;recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People's Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才办理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申述庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公本分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公然审理trial in public公然审讯制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法辅助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评论笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解composition;compromise查对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复履行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混淆式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People's Court羁押限时term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监督居住living at home under surveillance牢狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简略程序summary procedure判定结论expert conclusion经济审讯庭economic tribunal径行判决directad judication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘禁所detention house检举information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a courtsession开庭通知notice of courtsession勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可履行财富executable property指控式诉讼accusatory proceedings控告凭证incriminating evidence控告职能accusation function扣押distrain on;attachment扣押物 distress/distraint宽容期period of gracepetition for labor dispute arbitration劳动争议仲裁申请书劳改场 reform-through-labor farm劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的同意程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 积累凭证cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦察report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party暂时判决书interim award律师目睹书lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提早介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处罚exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审讯庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement;determination判决书judgement;determination; verdict(指陪审团作出的)佐证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror同意拘捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy;insolvency一般程序general/ordinary procedure一般管辖general jurisdiction公司法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate;prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment;information区县检察院grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审the bailpending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调停委员会People's Mediation Committee认定财富无主案件cases concerning determination of property as ownerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请履行人execution applicant申述人起誓书claimant's affidavit of authenticity申述书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示凭证制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审察案件case review审察并决定拘捕examine and decide arrest审察起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审讯长presiding judge审讯长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session 审讯管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审讯监察程序procedure for trial supervision审讯委员会judicial committee审讯员judge审讯式诉讼inquisitional proceedings奏效判决裁定legally effective judgement /order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People's Procuratorate失散和死亡宣布declaration of disappearance and death 实(质)体凭证substantial evidence实物凭证tangible evidence实在凭证real evidence表示凭证demonstrative evidence视听凭证audio-visual evidence收留所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近家属victim's immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送到人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法辅助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve极刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence极刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送到service of process送到传票service of summons/subpoena送到诉状service of bill of complaint搜寻search诉 sue; suit; action;lawsuit诉前财富保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation;lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回增补侦察return of a case for supplementary investigation拜托辩白entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当原因拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决acquittal,finding of“ not guilty”人证material evidence先予履行申请书application for advanced execution先予履行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘禁criminal detention刑事强迫拘禁criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审讯庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审讯庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣布失散、宣布死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters咨询证人inquire/question a witness训斥reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation咨询犯法嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词凭证verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence ;finding of“ guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of(by lawyers)再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔悟order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors' meeting侦察阶段investigation stage侦察终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后建议consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 凭证evidence凭证保全preserve evidence凭证保全申请书application for evidence preservation证证人言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal履行程序procedure execution履行拘捕execution of arrest履行和解conciliation of execution履行展转recovery of execution履行庭executive tribunal履行异议objection to execution履行员executor履行中断discontinuanceof execution履行终结conclusion of execution指定辩白appointed defense指定仲减员申明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People's Court半途退庭retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent ;defendant仲裁判决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申述人claimant ;plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲减员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审讯员assistant judge特意法院special court特意管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追查刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩白self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence自侦案件 self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People's Procuratorate最后判决书final awardbilateral and multilateral economic cooperation双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade双边贸易dual nationality两重国籍trusteeship托管束度outer space外层空间sole legal government独一合法政府loans with no or low interest无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest缓期还本付息extradition引渡Zionism犹太复国主义friendly exchanges友善来往disputed areas有争议的地区fishery resources渔业资源political offender政治犯political fugitive政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast中东neutral state ,neutral country中立国neutralized state永远中立国apartheid, racial segregation种族隔绝genocide种族灭绝sovereign state主权国家exclusive economic zone专属经济区suzerain state ,metropolitan state宗主国suzerainty宗主权to maintain neutrality保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources捍卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps采纳协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone对无核区肩负义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, andprolonged stability发展和平友善、同等互利、长久稳固的关系to develop the national economy发展民族经济to peddle munitions贩卖军械All countries, big or small, should be equal.国家不分大小,应当一律同等to establish normal state relations成立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution求得公正合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies扬长避短to negotiate through diplomatic channels经过外交门路进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty保护国家独立和主权完好to safeguard world peace保护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means用和平局段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions照料现真相况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity相互尊敬主权和国土完好Mutual non-aggression各不相犯non-interference in each other's internal affairs互不干预内政equality and mutual benefit同等互利peaceful coexistence和平共处draft 法案 ,草案Government bill政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill经过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law公布法律ratification, confirmation同意law enforcement法律的实行to come into force奏效decree法律clause条款minutes备忘录report判例汇编codification法律汇编legislation立法legislator立法者jurist法学家jurisprudence法学legitimation合法化legality, lawfulness法制,合法legal, lawful合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law违纪outlaw, outside the law高出法律范围的offender犯人to abolish撤消,撤消rescission, annulment取销,撤消repeal, revocation, annulment取销(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation取销(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment撤消 (遗言 )repeal rescission撤消(判决)revocation撤消immunity宽免 ,宽免权disability, legal incapacity无资格nonretroactive character不溯既往性prescription剥夺公权attainder公民权益的剥夺和财富的充公constitutional law宪法canon law教会法例common law习惯法criminal law刑法administrative law行政法civil law民法commercial law, mercantile law商法law of nations万国公法,国际法international law国际法natural law自然法labour laws劳工法fiscal law财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law民事诉讼法Criminal Law刑事诉讼法Military Law军法Conscript Law兵役法Copyright Law著作权法penal code刑法典code of mercantile law商法典civil rights民事权益 ,公民权益right of asylum逃难权human rights, rights of man人权(customs) duties关税death duty, death tax遗产税royalties版税。

常用国际法词汇

常用国际法词汇

常用国际法词汇Jus gentium 万民法Law of nations万国法Public International law国际公法Oppenheim奥本海Hugo Grotius胡果·格劳秀斯Universal// general// special international law普遍/一般/特殊国际法Features of international law 国际法的特征Natures of international law 国际法的性质International comity 国际礼让codification of international law国际法的编纂International Law Commission(the ILC)(联合国)国际法委员会Effects of IL 国际法的效力The basis of international law 国际法的效力根据Naturalists 自然法学派Positivists 实在法学派Gratians 格老秀斯派(Compromise school“折中”学派)social solidarity school社会连带法学派normalism规范法学派theory of power politics权力政治说theory of policy-oriented政策定向说Congress of Westphalia 威斯特伐利亚公会Martin丁韪良sources of international law国际法的渊源International custom国际习惯material element“物质因素”psychological element“心理因素”general practice通例Usage惯例opinio juris“法律确信”resolutions of international organizations国际组织的决议General principles of law一般法律原则judicial decisions 司法判例The teachings//writings of publicists 公法学家学说Contractual treaty 契约性条约Law-making treaty 造法性条约Application of IL 国际法的适用The relationship between international and domestic// municipal law国际法与国内法的关系Monism 一元论Dualism 二元论adoption//incorporation采纳//纳入transformation转化(把国际法规则内容制定为国内法规则)国际法的基本原则Fundamental principles of international lawjus cogens强行法,亦称强制规律peremptory normSovereignty主权Principle of sovereign equality主权平等原则principle of non-intervention不干内政原则internal affairs内政matters within domestic jurisdiction国内管辖之事件"Humanitarian" intervention “人道主义”干涉Principle of self-determination民族自决原则The subjects of international law国际法主体International personality国际人格者Permanent population固定的居民Defined territory 确定的领土Government 政府Unitary state 单一国Composite states//union of states复合国//国家的联合Dependent country 附属国Federation 联邦Confederation 联邦Permanent neutralized state永久中立国British Commonwealth of Nations英联邦French Community法兰西共同体Vassal state 附庸国Suzerain state 宗主国Protected//protecting state FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF STATES国家的基本权利Right of independence 独立权Right of equality 平等权Right of self-defense 自卫权Right of self-preservation自保权Right of jurisdiction 管辖权Territorial jurisdiction /jurisdiction based on residence领域管辖/属地管辖Personal jurisdiction/jurisdiction based on citizenship 属人管辖/国籍管辖Protective jurisdiction 保护性管辖Universal jurisdiction 普遍管辖State immunity 国家豁免权par in parem non habet imperium拉丁语,“平等者之间无管辖权”The doctrine of absolute immunity绝对豁免原则The doctrine of relative or restrictive immunity 相对豁免原则RECOGNITION AND SUCCESSIONrecognition of states and governments国家和政府的承认States succession 国家继承territorial change 领土变更Unconstitutional regime change不合宪法的政权更迭Constitutive theory 构成说Declaratory theory 宣告说De jure recognition 法律上承认De facto recognition 事实上承认Effective control 有效统治Principle of effectiveness 有效统治原则doctrine of non- recognition不承认主义,如,史汀生主义(the Stimson doctrine )Estrada doctrine 艾斯特拉达主义——墨西哥的实践Recognition of national liberation movement民族解放运动组织的承认Insurgent body 叛乱团体Belligerent body 交战团体Personal treaty 人身条约dispositive//non-personal treaties非人身条约The clean s/plate rule 白板规则State property 国家财产State debt 国家债务Localized state debt 地方化债务malicious debt“恶债”State archives 国家档案国际法律责任responsibility in international law Internationally wrongful acts 国际不法行为international crimes国际罪行subjective responsibility主观责任说objective responsibility客观责任说Imputability//attributability可归责性或可归因性limitations of sovereignty限制主权restitution恢复原状compensation赔偿apology道歉liability for acts of international damage 国际损害行为的责任activities not prohibited by international law 国际法不加禁止行为state territory 国家领土Territory 领土territorial sovereignty 领土主权the acquisition and change of territory领土的取得与变更Occupation先占Terra nullius无主地Effective occupation有效占领Prescription时效Accretion添附Cession割让Conquest征服Plebiscite//referendum全民投票,又称全民公决Self-determination of peoples民族自决condominium 共管lease租借Sphere of influence势力范围International servitude国际地役Boundary and frontier 边界与边境Antarctic Treaty System “南极条约体系”The sector principle 扇形原则The law of the sea 海洋法The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 《联合国海洋法公约》Territorial sea领海Normal baseline正常基线,亦称“低潮线”the low water line Straight baseline 直线基线Innocent passage无害通过Contiguous Zone 毗连区Exclusive economic zone 专属经济区(EEZ )Continental shelf 大陆架Transit passage过境通行International straits国际海峡Transit passage过境通行Archipelagic waters群岛水域Archipelagic baselines群岛基线freedom of the high seas公海自由Flags of convenience 方便旗Piracy海盗,海盗行为Right of visit登临权Right of hot pursuit 紧追权International seabed area国际海底区域Common heritage of mankind人类共同继承财产The parallel exploitation regime“平行开发制”International Seabed Authority 国际海底管理局International air law国际航空法Air space空气空间Sovereignty of territorial airspace 领空主权State aircraft国家航空器Civil aircraft民用航空器Scheduled flight定期飞行即航班飞行Non- scheduled flight不定期飞行即非航班飞行Hijacking空中劫持either extradition or prosecution principle 或引渡或起诉Outer Space Law 外层空间法Outer space 外空Spacecraft航天器Space Objects 空间物体Registration system登记制度The principle of strict liability严格责任原则The principle of liability fault过失责任原则Residents of international law国际法上的居民Nationality国籍Original nationality固有国籍或原始国籍Jus sanguinis血统主义Jus soli出生地主义Acquired nationality继有国籍Naturalization入籍,旧称归化Double nationality双重国籍Conflict of nationality国籍的抵触//冲突Statelessness无国籍Diplomatic protection外交保护Exhaustion of local remendies用尽当地救济Passport护照Visa签证National treatment国民待遇Most-favored- nation- treatment最惠国待遇Differential treatment差别待遇Reciprocal treatment 互惠待遇Preferential treatment优惠待遇Extradition引渡Non-extradition of political offender政治犯不引渡Asylum庇护Political refuge政治避难Territorial asylum域内庇护,亦称“领土庇护”Extraterritorial asylum 域外庇护Diplomatic asylum“外交庇护”Refugee identity难民身份Principle of non-refoulement不推回原则Diplomatic and Consular Relations Law外交和领事关系法Diplomatic relations 外交关系Consul领事Consular relations领事关系Mission/embassy使馆The head of the mission使馆馆长Ambassador大使Minister 公使chargé d'affaires (法)代办Persona non grata (拉)“不受欢迎的人”Unacceptable person“不可接受的人”diplomatic privileges and immunities外交特权与豁免Theory of extra-territorial jurisdiction 治外法权说Theory of personal representation代表说Theory of functional necessity职务需要说Diplomatic Corps外交团Special Missions特别使团Consular Privileges and Immunities领事特权与豁免THE LAW OF TREATIES国际条约法Bilateral treaties双边条约Multilateral treaties多边条约Law-making treaty造法性条约Contractual treaty契约性条约convention公//专约treaty条约agreement 协定charter宪章covenant ,statute 盟约、规约(general//final) act (总//最后)文件(additional//final )protocol(附加//最后)议定书exchange of notes 换文memorandum of understanding谅解备忘录declaration 宣言joint declaration//statement 联合声明joint communique 联合公报constitution 组织章程arrangement 补充协定treaty-making capacity 缔约能力treaty-making power 缔约权conclusion and entry into force of treaties条约的缔结和生效negotiation 谈判initiating草签authentication 认证(full) signature 签署sanction of treaty 核准ratification, acceptance, approval批准、接受、赞同full representative全权代表full power 全权证书accession 加入reservation 保留pacta sunt servanda 约定必须信守(拉丁)application and interpretation of treaties适用与解释条约amendment, termination, suspen-sion of operation 条约的修改、终止与停止执行invalidity of treaties条约的无效amendment/modification修正/改provisional application 暂时适用material breach 重大违约fundamental change of circumstances 情势根本变更PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES国际争端法the principle of peaceful settlement of international disputes justiciable//non-justiciable dispute可裁判的//不可裁判的争端amicable//compulsive settlement和谐//强迫解决方法Political methods //legal methods of settlements政治//法律解决方法retortion 反报reprisals 报复pacific blockade 平时封锁negotiation 谈判consultation 协商inquiry//investigation 调查good offices 斡旋mediation 调停conciliation 和解The Permanent Court of Arbitration 常设仲裁法院judicial settlement 司法解决Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法院International Court of Justice国际法院Independent judges独立法官Judge ad hoc“专案法官”或“特别法官” (special judge)Contentious jurisdiction诉讼管辖权Advisory jurisdiction咨询管辖权Voluntary jurisdiction自愿管辖Conventional jurisdiction协定管辖Optional compulsory jurisdiction任意强制管辖Institution of proceedings起诉written//oral proceedings书面//口头程序memorial 诉状counter-memorial 反诉状regional agencies or arrangements区域机关和区域办法国际组织法League of Nations(国际联盟)United Nations(UN )联合国The purposes and principles of the United Nations联合国的宗旨和原则Original/elective member创始/纳入成员Decision-making //voting system 决策//表决制度United Nations Charter联合国宪章the General Assembly联合国大会the Security Council安全理事会Veto否决权the principle of unanimity of great powers大国一致原则Economic and Social Council经社理事会Trusteeship Council托管理事会Secretariat秘书处Secretary-General联合国秘书长Regional International Organizations区域性国际组织Specialized Agencies(联合国专门机构)The Collective Security System(联合国集体安全体制)The UN Peace-keeping Operations(联合国维和行动)复习备考(仅供参考,不可押题!)常见名词:⏹属地管辖权国际法不加禁止行为属人管辖权⏹无害通过引渡庇护过境通行⏹全权证书造法性条约草签⏹添附继有国籍人类共同继承财产⏹否决权斡旋安理会国际法院⏹登临权紧追权平行开发制⏹协定管辖任意强制管辖复习备考(仅供参考,不可押题!)⏹思考题:⏹论国际法与国内法之间的关系。

国际法专用术语

国际法专用术语

国际法专用词汇protectorate (被)保护国asylum 庇护;避难forntier region, border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家patrimonial sea 承袭海consultations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权developing countries 发展中国家dependency 附庸国plebiscite 公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势merger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无détente, 缓和fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营country of one's residence 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use 实用,有效,廉价,方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast 中东neutral state, neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小,应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity互相尊重主权和领土完整mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯non-interference in each other's internal affairs 互不干涉内政equality and mutual benefit 平等互利peaceful coexistence 和平共处。

国际法术语名词解释

国际法术语名词解释

国际法术语名词解释一、国际公法名词解释1.Archipelagic sea lane passage群岛海道通过p.3322.straight baseline直线基线p.3073.exclusive economic zone专属经济区p.3194.Martens clause5.jus cogens强行法p.416.condominium共同管辖权7.neutralized states中立国p.77/p.7008.the sector principle扇形原则9.attaches附属国/添附10.natural prolongation principles自然延长原则11.pacta sunt servanda约定必须遵守批p.20912.principle of effectiveness有效原则13.par in parem non habet jurisdictionem平等者之间无管辖权14.accretion添附p.28615.jus sanguinis血统主义p.11716.rebus sic stantibus17.retortion报复18.extra territorial asylum领事庇护、域外庇护19.a delict jure genetium20.treaty-contracts21.international comity国际法院22.Drago Doctrine23.trust territories24.cession割让p.28725.jussoli26.signature ad referendum暂签p.19827.continental shelf大陆架p.32128.Westphalia Congress维斯特法利亚国会/立法会29.Diplomatic Corps外交团p.24330.the legation premises使馆(外交人员的经营场所)31.nuncios32.the peaceful co-existence principle和平共处原则p.5033.non-belligerents不交战者、中立者34.Full Power全权证书35.change's daffaires36.exequatur37.letter of Credence国书p.24018.NiZhengyu;LiHaopei;ShiJiuyong;He Qizhi;Zhaolihai39.Caonnally Reservation/doc/1014094164.html,w-making contract造法性条约41.Super-national Law超国法42.the right of collective self-defence集体自卫权43.jus non scriptum44.the nation's penal obligation国家刑事责任p10645.International Usage/ International Custom国际习惯/国际惯例46.Instant International Customary Law47.persona non grata不受欢迎的人p.239/doc/1014094164.html,teran Treaty拉忒兰条约49.consular privileges and immunities领事人员特权与豁免p.263/外交特权与豁免p.24550.effective control有效控制51. aut dedere aut punire 引渡或仲裁52. transit passage 过渡条款53. Sector Principle 扇形原则54. Asylum 庇护55. erga omnes obligations 各国对国际社会承担的责任56. Lauterpacht;Grotius;Austin 劳特派特、格老秀斯、奥斯汀58. opinio juris法律确信59. Optional Compulsory Jurisdiction60. Jus ad Bellum61. Extradition 引渡62. Environment Impact Assessment 环境影响评估63. Double vote 双重否决64. High Seas公海65. Right of visit登临权66. Right of Hot Pursuit67. Transit Passage 通过权68. Parrallel Exploitation System平行开发制69. Prescription 时效70. Special Mission 特别使团解释并比较:1. de jure recognition / de facto recognition 法律承认/事实上的承认2. Good office / mediation / Conciliation斡旋/调停/协商、和解p.6363. Initialling / siganature ad referendum p.1984. Revision / Amendent / Modification修订/修正案/更改p.2135. territorial Asylum / extra-territorial Asylum域内庇护/域外庇护p.1406. Universal Jurisdiction / protective Jurisdiction普遍管辖权/保护性管辖权7. Right of self-preservation自保权p.798. rendition投降9. retorsion / reprisal报复/报复性掳掠10. right of innocent passage / right of transit passage无害通过权/通过权p.31611. exequatur / letter of Credence12. authentication / signature认证/签署p.19813. international delinquency14. indemnity / reparation二、国际私法名词解释1.Fraus Omnia Comunpit2.lex loci re sitae3..state immunity国家豁免权4.characteristic performance5.remission revoi一级反致6.Bustamante Code布斯塔曼特法典7.lex loci solutionis合同履行地法8.lex volutatis当事人合意选择的法律9.Bartoles巴托鲁斯10.Renvoi au second degre11.Migratory marriage12.Bona vacantia13.Interregional conflicts law区际法律冲突14.act jure gestionis15.putative marriage事实婚姻16.locus regit actum (in arbitration law)场所支配行为17.the proper law of the arbitration agreement仲裁协议所适用的准据法18.ana-national or denationalized approach开除国籍的手段19.jurisdiction concerning the jurisdiction (in arbitration law)20.the collected jurisdiction21.favor validitatis / ut res magis valeat quam pereat (in arbitration law)22.severability of arbitration clause可分离的仲裁条款23.the jurisdiction doctrine under internet circumstance在英特网环境下的管辖权原则24.pro-arbitration专家仲裁25.theory of Party-autonomic意思自治说26. law District 法律管辖权27. Amiable Arbitration28. Ad Hoc Arbitration29. rule of double actionability 双重可诉原则30. Mandatory rules 强制性规定31. domicile of choice 住所地的选择32. preliminary question 先决问题33.lex causae34. lex loci delicti35. formula of attribution 归属的惯例36.Reese;Fuld;Cavers;Cook;Rabel;Dicey;Mancini:Beale;Savigny;Story;Huber;Bartolus里斯、富德、卡弗斯、库克、拉沛尔、戴赛、孟西尼、?、萨维尼、施托里、胡伯、巴托鲁斯37. Severability of Arbitration Agreement 可分离的仲裁条款38. the collected jurisdiction of China middle court39. local law theory本国法学说40. Comitas Gentium41. bilateral conflict rules 双边冲突规范42. depecage43. lex arbitri 仲裁法44. Proper law doctrine 准据法原则45. Inderect Renovi 间接反致三、国际经济法1.passing of Risk2.FCA货交承运人p.1623.review mechanism in WTO4.Cumulative assessment/doc/1014094164.html,ernment Procurement6.Safeguard Measures 保障措施p.547.deductive value (in customs valuation)扣减价格8.the new development of WTO WTO 的新发展9.the protection measure of Intellectual Property under internet circumstance 在因特网情形下的知识产权的保护措施10.Hard loan(in international financial law)硬贷款p.43311.Principle of Transparency 透明度原则p.4912.Safeguard Measures 保障措施p.5413.EDI 电子数据交换p.11214.Expropriation15.Method of Tax Deduction 扣除法p.60016.Subsidy and Countervailing Measures17.bill of exchange 汇票p.23618.holding company 控股公司19.general average contribution 共同海损分摊费用p.17620.Risk of Renege21.occupational work22.Tax haven 避税港p.61523.confirmed credit 保兑信用证p.17624.passing of risks25.non-recourse loan26.parallel importation 平行进口p.56027.Despatch money28.back to back L/C;revolving L/C;reciprocal L/C 对背信用证/循环信用证/对开信用证p.26029.Anti-circumvention clause30.Restrictive Business practice31.grace period (as in intellectual property)32.Tax sparing四、补充:请指出是哪个国际组织的缩写国际公法1.WMO(World Meteorological Organization),世界气象组织2.WHO( World Health Organization). 世界卫生组织3.ILO(InternationalLabor Organization),国际劳工组织4.UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization)联合国教科文组织5.ICAO(International Civil Aeronautics Organization.)国际民航组织6.IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency),国际原子能组织7.ITU(International Telecommunications Union),国际电信同盟8.UPU (Universal Postal Union),万国邮政联盟9.FAO联合国粮食农业组织10.IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织11.IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development). 国际复兴与开发银行12.IFC(International Finance Corporation),国际金融组织13.IDA(International Development association), 国际开发协会14.WIPO(World Intellectual Property Organization),世界知识产权组织15.IFAD(International Fund for Agricultural Development), 国际农业发展基金。

常用国际法词汇

常用国际法词汇

常用国际法词汇发表时间:2007-4-25 21:04:00 阅读次数:593 所属分类:法言法语前段时间准备复试的时候买了本英文版的国际法,吴刚著,法律出版社,2006年4月第1版。

当时输入电脑的目的是打印出来背过,可是输入的过程中发现还不如抄下来快,但是还是坚持下来了。

希望能对对国际法感兴趣的同学有所帮助吧!sources of international law 国际法的渊源treaties条约custom习惯genaral priciples of law 一般法律原则priciple of good faith 善意原则pacta sunt servada 约定必守原则priciple of estopel 禁止反言原则judicial decisions 司法判决the teachings of publicista 公法学家的学说resolutions of international organitions 国际组织的决议jus congens 国际法基本原则the subjects of international law国际法主体a permanent population有定居的居民a defined territory有固定的领土government 政府independence or sovereignty 独立的主权state succesion国家继承succesion of government 政府继承protectorates and protected states 保护领地与被保护国mandated and trust territories委任统治地和托管地recognation承认recognation of states国家的承认the constitutive theory构成说the declaratory theory 宣告说recognation of government 政府的承认the doctrine of effective control 有效控制原则de facto and de jure recognation 事实承认与法律承认conditional recognation 有条件承认withdrawal of recognation承认的撤销non-recognationtterritory 领土territory disputes 领土争端the principle of respect for territorial integrity states 互相尊重领土完整territory sovereignty 领土主权terra nullius 无主地derivative roots of title 派生权利original title 固有权利res communis 公共地intertemporal law 情势变更原则the scrutiny of demostic jurisdition 国内管辖权的审查the acquisition of territory 领土的取得occupation of terra nullius 先占prescription 时效cession 割让accreetion 添附subjugation or conquest 征服effective occupation 有效占领assert the sovereign right to the territory 主张领土主权the principle of contiguity 临近原则the principle of continuity 连续性原则null and viod 无效self-defense 自卫the transformation of the course of a river 河流改道the median line between the two banks 河流中心线the middle line of the navigable channel 航道中心线adjudication司法裁定the doctrine of uti possidetis 先占原则lease 租借servitude 国际地役jurisdiction 管辖权legislative juridiction 立法管辖权executive juridiction 行政管辖权judicial juridiction 司法管辖权apprehension 逮捕the host state 东道国civil juridiction 民事管辖权criminal juridiction 行使管辖权the common law countries 普通法系国家the continental law countries 大陆法系国家the defendant 被告the territoral principle 领土原则the protective principle 保护原则the nationality principle 国际原则the passive personality principle 被动人格原则the universality principle 普遍性原则flag state 船旗国manslaughter 过失杀人jus sanguinis 血统原则jus soli 出生地原则naturalization 归化piracy 海盗行为slave trading 奴隶贸易international terrorist activities 国际恐怖主义活动organized crimes 有组织犯罪war crimes 战争罪concentration camps 集中营abduct 绑架international criminal juridiction mechanism国际刑事司法体制extradition 引渡take refuge 避难asylum 庇护extraterritorial asylum 域外庇护diplomatis asylum 外交庇护immunities from jurisdiction 管辖豁免state immunity 国家的豁免absolute immunity 绝对豁免restrictive immunity 有限豁免requisitioned ship 被征用的船舶writ 令状governmental acts(acts jure imperili) 公务行为private or trade activity(acts jure gestionis) 私人行为immunity of foreign military personnel 外国军事人员的豁免the indigenous people 当地居民diplomatic privileges and immunities 外交特权与豁免diplomatic staffs 外交人员personal reprisenation 个人代表说extraterritoriality 治外法权说functional necessity 职务需要说persona non grata 不受欢迎的人the diplomatic mission 外交使团the premises of the diplomatic mission 使馆馆舍consular immunity 领事豁免state responsibility 国家责任international obligation 国际义务internationally wrongful act 国际不法行为fault 过错objective responsibility 客观责任原则subjective responsibility 主观责任原则intentional and negligent 故意和过失ultra vires acts 越权行为due dilgence 适当注意satisfaction 赔礼道歉the treatment of aliens 外国人待遇international mminimum standard 国际标准原则national treatment standard 国民待遇dual nationality 双重国籍exhaustion of local remidies 用尽当地救济expel aliens 驱逐外国人on the international plane 在国际上the law of treaties 条约法termination of wars 结束战争an expression of concurring wills 同意的意思表示concurring wills attributable to two or more parties 两方或多方的一致意愿concluded between subjects of international law 在国际法主体之间缔结an intention to produce lagal effects 产生法律效果的意愿lagal effects under public international law受国际法调整的法律效果unilateral statement 单方面声明a concessionary contract 特许契约negotiation 谈判signature 签署ratification 批准accession 加入entry into force 生效reservations to treaties 条约的保留the bilateral treat 双边条约the mullateral treaty 多边条约explicity forbid 明令禁止pacta sunt sevenda 条约必须信守原则non-retroactivity 不溯及既往原则territorial application 领土全境适用原则the amendment and mosification of treaties 条约的修正与修改treaty interpretation 条约的解释preamble and annexes 序言和附件invalidity of treaties 条约的无效fraud and corruption 欺诈和贿赂coercion 胁迫termination of treaties 条约的中止material breach 实质性违反peaceful settlement of disputes 和平解决争端air law and space law 航空法与空间法territorial airspace 领空the privilege to fly across the territory of another contracting state without landing 不降停飞跃另一缔约国领土的权利the privilege to land for non-traffic purposes 在另一缔约国做非商业性降停的权利upper limits for liability 最高责任上限aviation security 航空安全unauthorized aerial intrusion 未经授权进入他国领空的行为the law of outer space 外层空间法the law of the sea 海洋法the doctrine of freedom of the seas 公海自由理论baselines 基线internal waters 内水bays 海湾archipelago 群岛archipelagic waters 群岛水域rights of innocent passage 无害通过权international straits 国际海峡the contiguous zone 毗连区the exclusive economic zone(EEZ)专属经济区the continental shelf 大陆架the high seas 公海flag of convenience 方便旗hot pursit 紧追权seaworthiness 适航性environmental protection 环境法the balance of nature 自然平衡ozene depletion 臭氧层破坏acid rain 酸雨global warming 全球变暖human rights 人权法specialized international agreement 专门领域的国际公约the right to life生存权freedom from torture,inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment不受酷刑、非人道或有辱人格的待遇和惩罚freedom from slavery and forced labor 免受奴隶贸易和被迫劳动the right of justice 接受公正审判的权利respect for privacy and family life 对隐私和家庭生活的尊重ill-treatment虐待peaceful settlement of disputes 争端的和平解决negotiation谈判good offices斡旋mediation调停inquiry调查conciliation 调解arbitration 仲裁judicial settlement 司法解决ad hoc judge 专案法官non-appesrance 缺席advisory opinions 咨询意见the use of force 使用武力retorsion反报retaliation报复reprisals 报复self-defense自卫self-determination 自决humanitarian intervention 非人道干预civil conflicts国内冲突international organizations国际组织the league of nations 国联the United Nations 联合国GATT and WTO关贸总协定和世贸组织EU欧盟OAS美洲国家组织ASEAN 东盟the Arab League阿拉伯国家联盟。

国际法术语

国际法术语

Part one1、Treaty 条约2、Character 宪章3、Protocol 议定书4、Law-making treaties 造法性条约5、monist theory/dualist theory (国际法和国内法关系的)一元论/二元论6、Stimson doctrine 史汀生不承认主义Part two国际法的渊源1、Codification of International Law 国际法的法典化2、International Customary Law 国际习惯法3、Opinio Juris(或全称opinio juris sive necessitatis )心理确信4、Teachings of the most qualified publicists 最具权威的专家学说Part three条约法1、Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 维也纳条约法公约2、Ratification 批准3、Acceptance 接受4、Approval 赞同5、Accession 加入6、Full Power 全权证书7、Reservation 保留8、Negotiating State 谈判国9、Contracting State 缔约国10、Jus Cogens 强行法Part four联合国1、United Nations 联合国2、The General Assembly 联合国大会3、The Security Council 安全理事会4、The international court of justice 国际法院5、Specialized Agencies 专门机构6、Refugee 难民Part five国家责任与国际争端的和平解决1、force majeure 不可抗力2、Kellogg-Briand Pact 凯洛格-百里安公约(又称《巴黎非战公约》)Part six领土与空间1、res communius 国际公域3、Res nullius 无主地4、Right of Innocent Passage 无害通过权5、uti possidetis 占领者取得领土原则Part seven海洋法1、territorial sea 领海2、Continental shelf 大陆架3、Exclusive Economic Zone 专属经济区4、Baseline 基线5、Right of Transit Passage 过境通过权6、Right of visit 登临权7、Right of hot pursuit 紧追权8、International strait 国际海峡9、High seas 公海Part eight国际航空法1、Aviation Law 国际航空法Part nine外层空间法1、Outer-space law外层空间法Part ten外交关系法1、diplomatic representatives 外交人员2、Privileges and immunities of the Embassy 使馆的特权与豁免Part eleven领事关系法1、consular relation 领事关系XII armed conflict law/humanitarian law/ law of war 武装冲突法/人道主义法/战争法Martens Claus 马顿斯条款XII international criminal law国际刑法Genocide 种族灭绝War crime 战争罪Crimes against humanity 反人类罪(或反人道罪)Crime of Aggression 侵略罪XV International human right law 国际人权法R2P Responsibility to protect 保护责任(主权国家保护其国民免遭大范围人权危害的义务)。

常见国际法名词

常见国际法名词

国际公法1.jus gentium 万民法w of nations 万民法3.paca sunt servanda 约定必须遵守4.opinio juris 法律确信5.codification 国际法的编纂6.par in parent non habet imperium 平等者之间无管辖权7.international liability 国际责任8.jus sanguinis 血统主义9.jus soli 出生地主义10.national treatment 国民待遇11.most favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇原则12.asylum 庇护13.extradition 引渡14.principle of speciality 罪行特定原则15.sector principle 扇形原则16.transit passage 过境通行17.person non grata 不受欢迎的人18.justifiable dispute 可裁判的争端19.negotiation and conciliation 谈判和协商20.good offices and mediation 斡旋和调停国际私法1,substantive rules 实体规范2,conflict rules 冲突规范3,theory of statutes 法则区别说4,jus gentium 万民法5,period of racial laws 种族法时代6,period of personal law 属人法时代7,autonorny of will 意思自治原则8,Comitas Gentium 国际礼让说9,Local Law Theory 本地法说10,Principle of Preference Theory 优先选择原则11,Government Interests Analysis 政府利益分析说12,Doctrine of the Most Significant Relationship 最密切联系原则13,unilateral conflict of rules 单边冲突规范14,bilateral conflict of rules 双边冲突规范15,double rules for regulating the conflict of laws 重叠适用的冲突规范16,connecting factor 连接点17,classification or characterization 识别18,remission 反致 transmission 转致 indirect 间接反致 foreign court theory 外国法院地法说19,preliminary question 先决问题20,evasion of law 法律规避21,principal question 主要问题22,proof of foreign law 外国法的查明23,reservation of public order 公共秩序保留24,lex loci rei sitae ,lex rei sitae 物之所在地法25,party automony 当事人意思自治26,arbitration clause 仲裁条款27,fundamental breach of comtract 根本违约国际经济法1,law merchant 商人习惯法2,uniform rules on collection 托收统一规则3,letter of credit 信用证4,EDI 电子单证5,offer and acceptance 要约和承诺6,Force majeure不可抗力7,anticipatory repudiation 先期违约8,fudmental breach of contract 根本违约9,bill of lading 提单 clean B/L 清洁提单10,know how 专有技术11,geographical indication 地理标志 GATS 服务贸易总协定12,TRIMS 与贸易有关的投资措施协议13,TRIPS 与贸易有关的知识产权协议14,BOT 建设——经营——转让15,project company 项目公司16,The insurance of overseas investment 海外投资保险制度17,MIGA 多边投资担保机构18,Method of Tax Credit 抵免法19,International Tax Evasion 国际逃税20,International Tax Avoidance 国际避税21,doctrine of arbitration clause autonomy 跟单托收。

国际法名词

国际法名词

1. 外交保护:国家对于本国国民在外国的合法权益遭到所在国的侵害时通过外交途径所采取的保护措施。

2. 领海:沿海国陆地领土和内水意外邻接的,处于其主权之下的一带海域;对于群岛国而言是指群岛水域以外邻接的、处于群岛国主权之下的一带海域。

3. 国际河流:流经两个或两个以上国家并通过海岸,依据国际条约在平时允许各国商船自由航行的河流。

4. 庇护:国家对于因政治或科学研究原因被追诉或者受迫害而请求避难的外国人,准其入境、居留,给予保护的行为。

5. 引渡:国家根据条约或者基于其他理由把在其境内而被别国指控或者判定犯罪的人,应该国的请求,移交该国审判或者处罚的行为。

6. 国家承认:既存国家表示对新国家产生的事实给与确认、接受由此产生的法律后果和愿意与新国家建立外交关系的政治和法律行为。

7. 国家豁免权:非经一国同意,该国的行为不受所在国法院的管辖,其财产不受所在国法院的扣押和强制执行。

8. 永久中立国:国家通过国际条约,承担永久保持中立的义务,除其本身的自卫外,不参加任何对外战争或者武装冲突,也不参加任何可以使自己卷入战争或者武装冲突的国际协定或者活动,而其他当事国则承认它的中立并保障它的独立和领土不受侵犯。

9. 叛乱团体:一国内反抗政府或进行起义的团体。

10. 无害通过权:所有国家包括沿海国和内陆国,其船舶均享有依法无害通过领海的权利。

无害通过是指不损害沿海国的和平、良好秩序和安全。

11. 传统国际法中领取取得的方式:先占、时效、添附、割让、征服。

12. 国际法的渊源:国际条约、国际习惯、一般法律原则、司法判例、权威国际法学家的学说、“公允及善良”原则、国际组织和国际会议的决议、“准条约”“软法”。

13. 国家的基本权利:独立权、平等权、自卫权、管辖权。

14. 外交保护的条件:受害人持续具有保护国的实际国籍、本国国民的合法权益遭到所在国的非法侵害、用尽当地救济。

15. 领土主权的特殊限制:共管、租借地、国际地役。

【国际法名词&常识】

【国际法名词&常识】

1.【国际法】jus gentium(international law OR law of nations)是在国际交往中形成的,主要用以调整国家间关系的,具有法律约束力的各种原则、规则和制度的总称。

2.【国际法的渊源】是国际法律工作者在确定对特定情况的所使用规则,所依据的实际资料。

3.【国际条约】是具有缔约能力的国际法主体间以国际法为准而缔结的确立其相互权利、义务的国际书面协议。

4.【国际习惯】(international custom)基于国家间的交往,是各国在其实践中通过重复类似的行为而形成的具有法律约束力的行为规则。

5.【国际法的主体】即国际法律关系的主体,一般是指独立参加国际关系并依国际法直接享受权利和承担义务的行为者。

6.【条约必须遵守原则】pacta sunt servanda该项国际法原则的必然要求是条约的当事国不得援引其国内法作为不履行条约的理由。

7.【国际法基本原则】是指国际社会公认,具有普遍意义,适用于国际法各个领域并构成国际法基础的法律原则。

8.【强行法】jus cogens针对已超越了国家主权范围,必须在全球进行强行约束的行为而制定,包括战争罪、反和平和反人类罪、种族灭绝or隔离罪、非法劫持航空器罪等。

9.【和平共处五项原则】是指互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处等五项原则组成的国际法基本原则体系,是现代国际法的基本原则。

10.【国籍】是自然人与一个国家稳定的法律联系;它表示该自然人对该国家的法律上的从属关系,表示由于这一关系而使该自然人享有权利并对国家负有责任,国家也因此保护他无论在本国境内还是境外的权利和利益。

11.【外交保护】是指一国对于另一国国际不法行为给属于本国国民的自然人或法人造成损害,通过外交行动或其他和平解决手段援引另一国的责任,以期使该国责任得到履行。

(主权国家根据其属人优越权,具有对本国在外国的侨民进行保护的权利)12.【引渡】(extradition)是指一国把在该国境内而被他国追捕、通缉或判刑的人,根据有关国家的请求移交给请求国审判或处罚。

国际法重点归纳

国际法重点归纳

1名词解释44InternationalCustoms:国际习惯;是各国在其实践中形成的一种有法律约束力的行为规则.InternationalTreaty:国际条约;条约是国际法主体间就权利义务关系缔结的一种书面协议.Dominion/Sovereignty:主权;国家主权是国家的根本属性;在国际法上是指国家有独立自主地处理其内外事务的权利.Territory:领土领土是指处于国家主权管辖下的地球表面的特定部分;包括陆地;水域以及陆地和水域的上空与地下层Recognition:承认;承认是既存国家以一定方式对新国家或新政府出现这一事实的确认;并表明愿意与之建立正式外交关系的国家行为.Nationality:国籍;国籍是指一个人属于某一国家的国民或公民的法律资格.它表明一个人同某一特定国家之间固定的法律联系.Diplomacy:外交;主要是指国家为实现其外交政策;由国家元首;政府首脑;外交部;外交代表机关等进行的诸如访问;谈判;交涉;发出外交文件;缔结条约;参加国际组织和国际会议等对外活动.DiplomacyRelations:外交关系;主要是指国家为了实现其对外政策;通过外交活动而与其它国际法主体交往而形成的关系. SecurityCouncil:安理会;安理会是联合国维持国际和平与安全方面负主要责任的机关;是联合国组织体系唯一有权根据宪章采取执行行动来维持国际和平与安全的机关;其决议对会员国有约束力.重点:单选101多选102简答38红色为我猜的简答题;仅供参考→_→1国际法约束力来源:1自然法学说:早期自然法学说:上帝或神.新自然法学说:“自然理性”如法律良知;正义观念或最高规范;自然法学派2实在法学说:各国在国际习惯或条约中表现出来的“共同意志”..国家意志如何体现:自我限制说;共同意志说;约定必须信守说;势力均衡说;政策定向说..实在法学派3折衷学说:国际法分为自然国际法关于国家之间关系的自然法和意志国际法;自然法+国家共同同意/理性自然法+共同同意制定法;由国际法创造人格老秀斯的学说发展而来.格老秀斯派/折衷法学派4意志协调说:承认国籍法的效力来自各国的意志;但是;认为这种意志既不是一个国家的意志;也不是各国的共同意志;而是各国意志在求同存异基础上的一种协调或协议.我国推崇国籍法社会基础:1独立并存的主权国家和主要由主权国家组成的国际社会是国际法形成和发展的最重要的社会基础2各国之间某些共同的国家利益是形成国际关系的一根重要的纽带;而国际法则是协调各种国家利益的一种重要的手段3平等的国际关系有助于国际法的成长;而强权政治和霸权主义可能扼杀国际法的生机;因而国际法受到国际关系各个方面的影响;特别是受到国际政治的制约4国际社会不断推动着国际法的演变;国际法的演变同国际社会的演进相伴而行;而且基本上是同步的5人类组织化趋势明显强化了国际社会的造法功能和实施国际法的能力;从而强化了国际法的地位2国际法在国内法适用:1国内法优先说:国际法和国内法从整体上构成一个统一的法律体系;但国内法的效力优先;国家的所有对外活动都以国内法为依据.2国际法优先说:同属一个法律体系;但是国际法的效力高于国内法;各国的国内法从属于国际法.3国际法和国内法平行说:不是从属关系;而是一种平行关系;他们有不同的主题和调整对象;其效力根据和法律渊源不同.就法律实质而言;国际法是各主权国家间的法律;而国内法是主权者对于受其通知的个人的法律;因此;国际法适用于国际;国内法适用于国内.国际习惯在国内的效力和适用:各国在适用中所加的限制条件;则有宽有严;不尽相同.国际条约在国内的效力和适用:1转化方式:条约内容经过国内立法行为被制定为国内法规则;才能在国内适用;;换言之;根据条约的规定制定新的国内法或者修改原有的国内法.这些国家的立场是基本上不承认国际法在国内的直接效力2并入或纳入或采纳方式:由宪法或部门法作出原则性规定;或者通过立法机关的特定行为;或者通过司法判例;从总体上承认国际法为国内法的组成部分并可以在国内直接适用3国际法渊源:含义:1实质渊源:指在国际法规范形成过程中对其内容产生直接或间接实际影响的各种因素2形式渊源:指那些被赋予不同法律效力的原则和规则的具体表现形式;一般又被称为效力渊源通说国际条约;国际习惯:见名词解释4国际法的编纂:狭义:把现有的国际法规则;特别是国际习惯法规则;更加精确和系统地制定出来;使其条文化和规范化.广义:还包括对现有国际规则进行修订或补充;形成系统地新规则目前采用编纂后果:一般是进一步缔结为国际公约;从而对参加国产生法律约束力;除非其内容是对既存国际习惯法规则的重申或者是对新规则的确认.国际法委员会:联合国负责国际法编纂工作的主要机构;只负责研究和起草条约草案.5国际法基本原则:指那些被公认和接受的;具有普遍约束力的;适用于国际法各个领域的;构成国际法基础的法律原则.特征:国际社会公认;具有普遍约束力;适用于国际法各个领域的;构成国际法基础的法律原则.国家主权平等原则:1各国在法律上平等2每一国家享有充分主权所固有的权利3国家的人格;领土完整与政治独立受到尊重4各国在国际秩序中应善意履行其国际义务与责任5各国均有义务尊重其他国家的人格6各国均有权利选择并发展其政治;社会;经济及文化制度.国家主权:见名词解释和平共处五项原则:1互相尊重主权和领土完整2互不侵犯3互不干涉内政4平等互利5和平共处现代国际法八项基本原则:1国家主权平等原则2禁止以武力相威胁或使用武力原则3和平解决国际争端原则4不干涉内政原则5善意履行国际义务原则6国际合作原则7民族平等与自决原则8尊重基本人权原则6国际法律人格:具有直接享受国际法上权利和承担国际法上义务的能力的国际关系的独立参加者.国际法主体具备三条件:1有独立参加国际关系的能力2有直接享受国际法上权利的能力3有直接承担国际法上义务的能力国家作为国际法基本主体特点:1国家是现代国际关系的主要参与者2国家具有完全的权利能力和行为能力3国际法主要是国家之间的法律4国际法的实施主要依靠国家国际组织作为国际法主体特点:1国际组织在一定范围内有独立参与国际法律关系的能力2国际组织在其职权范围内具有国际上的权利能力和行为能力3国际组织的国际法主体资格已为许多国际条约和其他国际文件所确认.7国家四个要素:1定居的居民2确定的领土3政权组织4主权永久中立国:根据国际承认或国际条约;在对外关系中承担永久中立义务的国家.义务:1不得对他国进行战争或参加其他国家之间的战争2不得缔结与中立地位相抵触的条约军事同盟条约;共同防御协定3不得采取任何可能使自己卷入战争的行动或承担这方面的义务.两个国家:瑞士和奥地利8对新国家承认原则:1新产生的实体必须具备国家的基本要素2新国家的产生必须符合国际法规则对新政府的承认原则:有效统治原则9国际不法行为责任要件:1可归责国际责任主体2行为构成不法行为国际损害赔偿构成要件:1行为可归责于责任主体2行为虽然是国际法未加禁止的;但行为造成了损害国际损害责任形式:1终止损害行为2道歉3恢复原状4赔偿损失国际损害责任主体:多元性.包括国家和国际组织的专属责任;经营人与国家的共同责任以及经营人的独立责任10领土:见名词解释领土四部分:领陆;领水;底土;领空河流四类:1内河:国家对内河的管理和适用享有完全的;排他的权利;除非有条约规定或经许可;所属国有权拒绝任何外国船舶进入其内河2界河:界河不论是否通航公海;一般不对他国船舶开放3多国河流:多国河流应对所有沿岸国开房;沿岸国享有在河流全线通航的权利4国际河流:非沿岸国在内的各国商船或船舶平时可以在河上自由航行国家边界:是确定国家领土范围的界限;是分隔一国领土和他国领土;一国领土和公海或专属经济区;一国领空和外层空间的界线11领海:是邻接国家的海岸或内谁的受国家主权支配和管辖的一定宽度的海水带无害通过:是指外国的非军用船舶可以在不损害沿海国和平;安全或良好秩序的原则下连续不停地通过一国领海;这是国际法规定的非沿海国在沿海国领海上的唯一一项权利;称为:“无害通过权”通过是指穿过领海但不进入内水;或从内水驶出;或驶入内水的航行..航行必须是继续不停和迅速进行..无害通过只限于船舶;不包括飞机..无害通过制度一般限于和平时期适用大陆架:海洋法公约规定:沿海国的大陆架包括其领海以外依其陆地领土的全部自然延伸;扩展到大陆边外缘的海底区域的海床和底土;如果从测算领海的基线量起到大陆边的外缘的距离不到200海里;则可以扩展到200海里的距离专属经济区:是沿海国在其领海以外邻接邻海的一个区域..它从领海基线算起不超过200海里..沿海国对该区域的自然资源有勘探与开发;养护与管理等主权权利..并且;对该区域内的人工岛屿;海洋科学研究和海洋环境保护有管辖权或专属的管辖权..海域宽度界定:相向国家之间;中间海域宽度不够两国领海的;一般本着相互谅解的原则;协商协定..在没有划定界限的情况下;双方无权把自己的领海宽度划到等距离中间线以外..至于海岸相邻的国家;采用等距离线..国际海底区域的平行开发:各国要开发国际海底;先与国际海底管理局订立合同;提出两块具有同等商业价值的可开发国际海底;管理局在45天内指定其中之一作为管理局的保留区;留给企业部开发;或同发展中国家联合开发;另一矿产区作为合同区由申请者与管理局签订合同后自己开发公海六大自由:1航行自由2飞越自由3铺设海底电缆和管道自由4捕鱼自由5建造人工岛屿和其他设施的自由6科学研究的自由登临权:是指各国的军舰在公海上对于有合理根据被认为犯有国际罪行或其他违反国际法行为现役的商船;有登临和检查的权利..登临权行使条件:1对象条件:有下列情形之一的商船可进行检查:1从事海盗或贩卖奴隶的行为2从事非法广播3无国籍4拒绝展示国旗5虽悬挂外国国旗;但实际与军舰国同一国籍2主体条件:军舰;军用飞机;经正式授权并有清楚标志可以是别的为政府服务的任何其他船舶或飞机3地域条件:公海紧追权:指沿海国对违反其国家法律的外国船舶进行紧追的权利行使条件:1对象条件:违反其国家法律的外国船舶2主体条件:军舰;军用飞机或其他有清楚标志可以识别并经政府授权的船舶或飞机3地域条件:紧追一般在沿海国内水;领海或毗连区之内开始;被追逐船舶一旦进入其本国领海或第三国领海;紧追权立即终止..船旗规定:一艘船同时悬挂两国以上的国旗是部允许的;对随时改变旗帜的船舶应视为无国籍的船.方便旗船是悬挂开放登记国家国旗的船舶.开放登记国家是指那些允许属于外国人的船舶到它们国家登记并悬挂它们的国旗的国家12国籍:见名词解释判断中国国籍:第三条:中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍第四条:父母双方或一方为中国公民;本人出生在中国;具有中国国籍第五条:父母双方或一方为中国公民;本人出生在外国;具有中国国籍;但父母双方或一方为中国公民并定居在外国;本人出生时即具有外国国籍的;不具有中国国籍第六条:父母无国籍或国籍不明;定居在中国;本人出生在中国;具有中国国籍第七条外国人或无国籍人;愿意遵守中国宪法和法律;并具有下列条件之一的;可以经申请批准加入中国国籍:一、中国人的近亲属;二、定居在中国的;三、有其它正当理由..第八条申请加入中国国籍获得批准的;即取得中国国籍;被批准加入中国国籍的;不得再保留外国国籍..第九条定居外国的中国公民;自愿加入或取得外国国籍的;即自动丧失中国国籍..第十条中国公民具有下列条件之一的;可以经申请批准退出中国国籍:一、外国人的近亲属;二、定居在外国的;三、有其它正当理由..第十一条申请退出中国国籍获得批准的;即丧失中国国籍..第十三条曾有过中国国籍的外国人;具有正当理由;可以申请恢复中国国籍;被批准恢复中国国籍的;不得再保留外国国籍..外交保护条件:1本国国民的人身权或财产权因所在国的国际不当行为而受到了实际损害2受害人须持续具有保护国的实际国籍;且不得具有所在国国籍3用尽当地救济且未获得合理赔偿引渡条件:国际条约有明确规定的;依条约的规定.政治犯不引渡原则.一般原则:1相同原则或双重犯罪原则:某一行为依请求国和被请求国的法律均构成犯罪2对所控罪行的惩罚可能达到一定程度13联合国六大机构:1大会2安全理事会3经济和社会理事会4托管理事会5国际法院6秘书处外交:见名词解释外交关系:见名词解释安理会:由5个常任理事国中法俄英美和10个非常任理事国组成;每一理事国应有代表1人.安理会是联合国维持国际和平与安全方面负主要责任的机关;是联合国组织体系中唯一有权根据宪章采取执行行动来维持国际和平与安全的机关;其决议对会员国有拘束力.其职权主要是执行性的.安理会职权:1解决争端方面:促请各争端当事国用谈判;调差;调停;和解;仲裁等解决争端2维护和平方面:断定任何对和平的威胁;对和平的破坏或侵略行为是否存在;促请争端当事国遵行安理会认为必要或适当的临时措施办法;建议或决定采用武力以外的办法3其他方面:负责拟定军备管制方案;在属于战略性地区行使联合国的托管措施;与大会平行投票选举国际法院法官等14条约:见名词解释条约对第三国:条约能够影响到第三国情形有:1条约所载的规则成为国际习惯法规而拘束第三方2条约因事实上的原因使第三方享有权利;某些条约创设了大于缔约国的权利3某些普遍性国际组织章程有时也涉及第三方;如<联合国宪章>条约为第三国创设义务或权利:如果条约当事国有意以条约之一项规定作为确立一项义务之方法;且该义务经一第三国以书面明示接受;则该第三国即因此项规定而负有义务.如果条约当事国有意以条约之一项规定对一第三国或其所属一组国家或所有国家给予一项权利;而该第三国对此表示同意;则该读三国即因此项规定而享有该项权利.该第三国尚无相反之表示;应推定其表示同意;但条约另有规定者不在此限.依前项行使权利之国家应遵守条约规定的或依照条约所确定的行使条件.条约的终止:又称跳跃的失效;是指有效的条约由于某种法律事实或原因而失去法律效力;从而解除当事方履行条约的义务.引起条约终止具体情形:1条约期限届满2条约执行完毕3条约解除条件成立4旧约为新约所代替5条约执行不可能6退约7缔约各方协议终止8单方面废约条约缔约程序:1谈判和议定约文2签署3批准4交换批准书我国缔约权问题:由国家元首或国家最高行政机关代表国家缔结条约.全国人大常委会决定同外国缔结条约和重要协定的批准与废除.国家主席根据全国人大常委会决定批准与废除同外国缔结的条约和重要协定.。

国际法专用词汇大全

国际法专用词汇大全

国际法专用词汇大全
国际法指适用主权国家之间以及其他具有国际人格的实体之间的法
律规则的总体。

国际法又称国际公法,以区别于国际私法或法律冲突,
后者处理的是不同国家的国内法之间的差异。

国际法也与国内法截然不
同,国内法是一个国家内部的法律,它调整在其管辖范围内的个人及其
他法律实体的行为。

以下是国际法专用词汇大全。

protectorate (被)保护国
asylum 庇护;避难
forntier region, border region 边界地区
boundary negotiation 边界谈判
status quo of the boundary 边界现状
never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件
non-aligned countries 不结盟国家
patrimonial sea 承袭海
consultations 磋商
the third world 第三世界
imperialism 帝国主义
200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权
developing countries 发展中国家
dependency 附庸国
plebiscite 公民投票
generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则
joint action 共同行动
normalization of relations 关系正常化。

国际法名词解释汇总

国际法名词解释汇总

国际法名词解释汇总
1. 主权:指国家拥有独立行使国家权力、统治权和控制权的能力。

主权是国家在国际社会中平等地与其他国家相互交往的基础。

2. 領土:指国家实际控制、行使主权的区域空间。

国家领土是国家主权的物质载体,包括陆地领土、内水、领海、专属经济区和大陆架等。

3. 外交:指国家之间通过外交手段进行交流、谈判和协商以解决问题的过程。

外交是国家之间建立和发展友好关系、维护本国利益的重要手段。

4. 国际法:指规范国际社会行为的法律体系。

国际法的来源包括国际惯例、条约、国际公认的原则和国际司法实践。

5. 条约:指国家之间通过正式协商达成的具有法律约束力的协议。

条约是国际法的主要来源之一。

6. 国际公法:指规范国家行为和国际关系的国际法。

国际公法包括领土和领海、国际人权、国际人道法、国际人权法等领域。

7. 不可侵犯原则:指国家主权在国际法上享有不受侵犯的权利。

根据不可侵犯原则,国家不应该对其他国家的领土、主权和内政进行干涉。

8. 外交豁免权:指外国驻在国家的外交使团和外交人员在一定
范围内免受执法追究的权利。

外交豁免权是国际法授予外交使团和外交人员的特权。

9. 人权:指个人享有的基本权利和自由。

人权包括言论自由、信仰自由、平等权利、个人自由、生存权等。

10. 国际人权法:指保护和促进人权的国际法律框架。

国际人权法包括国际人权公约、国际人权法院等机构。

35个国际法名词解释

35个国际法名词解释

1国际法是在国际交往中形成的,用以调整国际关系的,有法律约速力的原则,规则和制度的总称。

2国际条约;是国际法主体之间就相互间权利义务关系缔结的一种书面协议。

3强行法也叫绝对法、强制发或强行规律,指必须绝对执行的法律规范,是与任意法相对应的一个概念。

国际法的基本原则属于国际强行法的规范。

4.永久中立国是根据国际条约或国际承认在对外关系中承担了永久中立义务,从而使其主权受到了特殊限制的国家。

5.政府承认即对政府的承认,指一国确认他国的新政府具有代表其本国的正式资格并表示愿意与之交往的行为。

6.国家责任国家责任是指国家对其国际不当行为所应负担的国际法律责任。

7.国家债务国家债务是指被继承国对另一国家、某一国际组织或其他国际法主体所负担的8.国家领土国家领土是指隶属于国家主权之下的地球的特定部分,包括陆地、水域、陆地与水域的上空和底土等部分。

9.领陆是国家疆域以内的全部陆地,包括大陆和岛屿。

领陆是一个国家领土中最基本的组成部分,领陆的其他部分都是附属于领陆而存在的,世界上不存在没有领陆的国家。

10.先占亦称占领,是指国家通过对无主土地的占领而取得对该土地的主权的行为。

.先占的主体是国家,客体是不属于任何国家的土地,即无主地。

11.全民投票全民投票又称全民公决,是指由某一领土上的居民充分自主的参加投票,以决定该领土的归属。

全民投票决定领土归属是一种合法的领土变更方式。

12.租借。

是指一国根据条约将其部分领土出租给另一国,在租借期内,承租国将租借地用于条约规定的目的并行使全部或部分管辖权。

出租国仍保持对租借地的主权,租借期满后予以收回。

13.国际地役是指一国根据条约承担的对其领土主权的特殊限制,其目的是为了满足别国的需求或者为别国的利益服务。

国际地役的主体是国家,客体是国家的领土,不构成国家领土组成部分的专属经济区、大陆架不能作为国际地役的客体。

14领海沿海国的主权及于其陆地领土及其内水以外邻接的一带海域,成为领海。

国际经济法常用词汇

国际经济法常用词汇

EXWFCAFASFOBCFRCIFCPTDAFDESDEQDDUDDPOffer要约Offeror要约人Offeree受要约人Invitation for offer要约邀请Subject to our final confirmation须经我方最后确认Cross offer交叉要约Withdrawal撤回Revocability撤销Counter-offer还价,反要约Acceptance承诺Mail box rule投邮主义Receive of the letter of acceptance rule到达主义Late acceptance迟到承诺,逾期承诺Identified to the contract注明有关合同Shipping documents货运单据,船运单据Sale by description凭说明书买卖Sale by sample按样本出售,凭样本成交Fundamental breach of contract根本违约Anticipatory breach预期违约Specific performance实际履行Breach of condition违反合同的条件Breach of warranty违反保证Unconditionally appropriated to the contractReserve the right of disposal无条件地划拨于合同项下To the order of the seller or his agent付给卖方或他的代理人Sale on approval试销Floating cargo未到货,运输途中的货物Quality to be considered as being about equal to the sample品质与样品大致相同Sales by specification, grade or standard凭规格、等级或标准售货;凭规格、等级或标准买卖。

法律英语词汇(国际法)

法律英语词汇(国际法)

管辖:Jurisdiction级别管辖:jurisdiction by level地域管辖:territorial jurisdiction移送管辖:referral jurisdiction指定管辖:designation jurisdiction审判组织:trial organization回避withdrawal诉讼参加人participants in court诉讼当事人parties in court诉讼代理人agents ad litem期间:time periods送达service调解conciliation财产保全property preservation先予执行preliminary execution妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施:compulsory measures against impairment of civil actions 诉讼费:litigation costs第一审普通程序ordinary procedure of first instance第二审程序procedure of second instance起诉bring a lawsuit受理accept a case开庭审理trial in court诉讼中止suspension of a lawsuit诉讼终止conclusion of a lawsuit判决judgment裁定order简易程序summary procedure特别程序special procedure选民资格案件cases concerning certificates of voters 宣告失踪proclamation of a person as missing宣告死亡proclamation of a person as dead无民事行为能力incompetent for civil conduct限制行为能力limited capacity for civil conduct无主财产property of ownerless执行申请application for execution执行移转referral of execution仲裁arbitration司法协助judicial assistance案件case案件发回remand/remit a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim's agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed 被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence 辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgment/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定order;determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判,发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 对席判决judgement interparties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action 复查reexamination;recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People's Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解composition;compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People's Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决directad judication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a courtsession开庭通知notice of courtsession勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on;attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement;determination判决书judgement;determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy;insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate;prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment;information区县检察院grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审the bailpending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as ownerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant's affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement /order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People's Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death 实(质)体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim's immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action;lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation;lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation 委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决acquittal,finding of “ not guilty ”先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence ;finding of “guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of (by lawyers)再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors' meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuanceof execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People's Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent ;defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant ;plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People's Procuratorate最后裁决书final awardbilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast中东neutral state ,neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state ,metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小,应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity互相尊重主权和领土完整Mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯non-interference in each other's internal affairs 互不干涉内政equality and mutual benefit 平等互利peaceful coexistence和平共处draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。

法律英语词汇

法律英语词汇

法律英语词汇在当今全球化的时代,法律英语作为一种重要的专业英语,被广泛应用于国际法律交流和合作中。

因此了解和掌握一些常见的法律英语词汇是每位法律从业者的基本要求。

本文将从不同领域的法律英语词汇出发,为读者提供一份简要的参考。

一、合同法1. Contract - 合同2. Offer - 出价3. Acceptance - 接受4. Consideration - 对价5. Breach of contract - 违约6. Damages - 赔偿7. Termination - 终止8. Force majeure - 不可抗力9. Arbitration - 仲裁10. Jurisdiction - 管辖权二、刑法1. Crime - 犯罪2. Offense - 罪行3. Guilty - 有罪4. Innocent - 无辜5. Evidence - 证据6. Attorney - 律师7. Bail - 保释金8. Trial - 审判9. Verdict - 裁决10. Sentence - 判决三、知识产权法1. Copyright - 版权2. Patent - 专利3. Trademark - 商标4. Infringement - 侵权5. Royalties - 版权费6. Intellectual property - 知识产权7. Fair use - 合理使用8. Injunction - 禁令9. License - 许可10. Trade secret - 商业秘密四、劳动法1. Employee - 雇员2. Employer - 雇主3. Labor contract - 劳动合同4. Minimum wage - 最低工资5. Overtime pay - 加班费6. Discrimination - 歧视7. Harassment - 骚扰8. Unemployment benefits - 失业救济金9. Collective bargaining - 集体谈判10. Work injury compensation - 劳动争议五、国际法1. Treaty - 条约2. Diplomacy - 外交3. Sovereignty - 主权4. United Nations - 联合国5. International Court of Justice - 国际法庭6. Human rights - 人权7. Humanitarian law - 人道主义法律8. Peacekeeping - 维和9. Sanctions - 制裁10. War crime - 战争罪六、民事诉讼1. Plaintiff - 原告2. Defendant - 被告3. Complaint - 控诉4. Pleading - 辩词5. Judgment - 判决书6. Appeal - 上诉7. Discovery - 调查8. Subpoena - 传票9. Mediation - 调解10. Settlement - 和解总结:了解法律英语词汇不仅有助于提高法律专业的英语水平,也为国际法律领域的合作和交流提供了便利。

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常用国际法词汇Jus gentium 万民法Law of nations 万国法Public International law国际公法Oppenheim奥本海Hugo Grotius胡果·格劳秀斯Universal// general// special international law普遍/一般/特殊国际法Features of international law 国际法的特征Natures of international law 国际法的性质International comity 国际礼让codification of international law国际法的编纂International Law Commission(the ILC)(联合国)国际法委员会Effects of IL 国际法的效力The basis of international law 国际法的效力根据Naturalists 自然法学派Positivists 实在法学派Gratians 格老秀斯派(Compromise school“折中”学派)social solidarity school社会连带法学派normalism 规范法学派theory of power politics权力政治说theory of policy-oriented政策定向说Congress of Westphalia 威斯特伐利亚公会Martin 丁韪良sources of international law国际法的渊源International custom国际习惯material element “物质因素”psychological element “心理因素”general practice通例Usage惯例opinio juris “法律确信”resolutions of international organizations国际组织的决议General principles of law一般法律原则judicial decisions 司法判例The teachings//writings of publicists 公法学家学说Contractual treaty 契约性条约Law-making treaty 造法性条约Application of IL 国际法的适用The relationship between international and domestic// municipal law国际法与国内法的关系Monism 一元论Dualism 二元论adoption//incorporation采纳//纳入transformation转化(把国际法规则内容制定为国内法规则)国际法的基本原则Fundamental principles of international law jus cogens强行法,亦称强制规律peremptory normSovereignty主权Principle of sovereign equality主权平等原则principle of non-intervention不干内政原则internal affairs内政matters within domestic jurisdiction国内管辖之事件"Humanitarian" intervention “人道主义”干涉Principle of self-determination民族自决原则The subjects of international law国际法主体International personality国际人格者Permanent population固定的居民Defined territory 确定的领土Government 政府Unitary state 单一国Composite states//union of states复合国//国家的联合Dependent country 附属国Federation 联邦Confederation 联邦Permanent neutralized state永久中立国British Commonwealth of Nations英联邦French Community法兰西共同体Vassal state 附庸国Suzerain state 宗主国Protected//protecting stateFUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF STATES国家的基本权利Right of independence 独立权Right of equality 平等权Right of self-defense 自卫权Right of self-preservation自保权Right of jurisdiction 管辖权Territorial jurisdiction /jurisdiction based on residence领域管辖/属地管辖Personal jurisdiction/jurisdiction based on citizenship 属人管辖/国籍管辖Protective jurisdiction 保护性管辖Universal jurisdiction 普遍管辖State immunity 国家豁免权par in parem non habet imperium拉丁语,“平等者之间无管辖权”The doctrine of absolute immunity绝对豁免原则The doctrine of relative or restrictive immunity 相对豁免原则 RECOGNITION AND SUCCESSIONrecognition of states and governments国家和政府的承认 States succession 国家继承territorial change 领土变更Unconstitutional regime change不合宪法的政权更迭Constitutive theory 构成说Declaratory theory 宣告说De jure recognition 法律上承认De facto recognition 事实上承认Effective control 有效统治Principle of effectiveness 有效统治原则doctrine of non- recognition不承认主义,如,史汀生主义(the Stimson doctrine )Estrada doctrine 艾斯特拉达主义——墨西哥的实践Recognition of national liberation movement民族解放运动组织的承认Insurgent body 叛乱团体 Belligerent body 交战团体 Personal treaty 人身条约dispositive//non-personal treaties非人身条约The clean s/plate rule 白板规则State property 国家财产 State debt 国家债务Localized state debt 地方化债务malicious debt “恶债”State archives 国家档案国际法律责任 responsibility in international law Internationally wrongful acts 国际不法行为international crimes国际罪行subjective responsibility主观责任说objective responsibility客观责任说Imputability//attributability可归责性或可归因性limitations of sovereignty限制主权restitution恢复原状compensation赔偿apology道歉liability for acts of international damage 国际损害行为的责任activities not prohibited by international law 国际法不加禁止行为state territory 国家领土Territory 领土territorial sovereignty 领土主权the acquisition and change of territory领土的取得与变更Occupation先占Terra nullius无主地Effective occupation有效占领Prescription时效Accretion添附Cession割让Conquest征服Plebiscite//referendum全民投票,又称全民公决Self-determination of peoples民族自决condominium 共管 lease租借Sphere of influence势力范围International servitude国际地役Boundary and frontier 边界与边境Antarctic Treaty System “南极条约体系”The sector principle 扇形原则The law of the sea 海洋法The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 《联合国海洋法公约》Territorial sea领海Normal baseline正常基线,亦称“低潮线”the low water line Straight baseline 直线基线Innocent passage无害通过Contiguous Zone 毗连区Exclusive economic zone 专属经济区(EEZ )Continental shelf 大陆架Transit passage过境通行International straits国际海峡Transit passage过境通行Archipelagic waters群岛水域Archipelagic baselines群岛基线freedom of the high seas公海自由Flags of convenience 方便旗Piracy海盗,海盗行为Right of visit登临权Right of hot pursuit 紧追权International seabed area国际海底区域Common heritage of mankind人类共同继承财产The parallel exploitation regime“平行开发制”International Seabed Authority 国际海底管理局International air law国际航空法Air space空气空间Sovereignty of territorial airspace 领空主权State aircraft国家航空器Civil aircraft民用航空器Scheduled flight定期飞行即航班飞行Non- scheduled flight不定期飞行即非航班飞行Hijacking空中劫持either extradition or prosecution principle 或引渡或起诉Outer Space Law 外层空间法Outer space 外空Spacecraft航天器Space Objects 空间物体Registration system登记制度The principle of strict liability严格责任原则The principle of liability fault过失责任原则Residents of international law国际法上的居民Nationality国籍Original nationality固有国籍或原始国籍Jus sanguinis血统主义Jus soli出生地主义Acquired nationality继有国籍Naturalization入籍,旧称归化Double nationality双重国籍Conflict of nationality国籍的抵触//冲突Statelessness无国籍Diplomatic protection外交保护Exhaustion of local remendies用尽当地救济Passport护照 Visa签证National treatment国民待遇Most-favored- nation- treatment最惠国待遇Differential treatment差别待遇Reciprocal treatment 互惠待遇Preferential treatment优惠待遇Extradition引渡Non-extradition of political offender政治犯不引渡Asylum庇护Political refuge政治避难Territorial asylum域内庇护,亦称“领土庇护”Extraterritorial asylum 域外庇护Diplomatic asylum“外交庇护”Refugee identity难民身份Principle of non-refoulement不推回原则Diplomatic and Consular Relations Law外交和领事关系法Diplomatic relations 外交关系Consul领事Consular relations领事关系Mission/embassy使馆The head of the mission使馆馆长Ambassador大使Minister 公使chargé d'affaires (法)代办Persona non grata (拉)“不受欢迎的人”Unacceptable person“不可接受的人”diplomatic privileges and immunities外交特权与豁免Theory of extra-territorial jurisdiction 治外法权说Theory of personal representation代表说Theory of functional necessity职务需要说Diplomatic Corps外交团Special Missions特别使团Consular Privileges and Immunities领事特权与豁免THE LAW OF TREATIES国际条约法Bilateral treaties双边条约Multilateral treaties多边条约Law-making treaty造法性条约Contractual treaty契约性条约convention公//专约 treaty条约agreement 协定 charter宪章covenant ,statute 盟约、规约(general//final) act (总//最后)文件(additional//final )protocol(附加//最后)议定书exchange of notes 换文memorandum of understanding谅解备忘录declaration 宣言joint declaration//statement 联合声明joint communique 联合公报constitution 组织章程arrangement 补充协定treaty-making capacity 缔约能力treaty-making power 缔约权conclusion and entry into force of treaties条约的缔结和生效negotiation 谈判 initiating草签authentication 认证(full) signature 签署sanction of treaty 核准ratification, acceptance, approval批准、接受、赞同full representative全权代表full power 全权证书accession 加入reservation 保留pacta sunt servanda 约定必须信守(拉丁)application and interpretation of treaties适用与解释条约amendment, termination, suspen-sion of operation 条约的修改、终止与停止执行invalidity of treaties条约的无效amendment/modification修正/改provisional application 暂时适用material breach 重大违约fundamental change of circumstances 情势根本变更PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES国际争端法the principle of peaceful settlement of international disputes justiciable//non-justiciable dispute可裁判的//不可裁判的争端amicable//compulsive settlement和谐//强迫解决方法Political methods //legal methods of settlements政治//法律解决方法retortion 反报 reprisals 报复pacific blockade 平时封锁negotiation 谈判consultation 协商inquiry//investigation 调查good offices 斡旋mediation 调停conciliation 和解The Permanent Court of Arbitration 常设仲裁法院judicial settlement 司法解决Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法院International Court of Justice国际法院Independent judges独立法官Judge ad hoc“专案法官”或“特别法官” (special judge)Contentious jurisdiction诉讼管辖权Advisory jurisdiction咨询管辖权Voluntary jurisdiction自愿管辖Conventional jurisdiction协定管辖Optional compulsory jurisdiction任意强制管辖Institution of proceedings起诉written//oral proceedings书面//口头程序memorial 诉状counter-memorial 反诉状regional agencies or arrangements区域机关和区域办法国际组织法League of Nations(国际联盟)United Nations(UN )联合国The purposes and principles of the United Nations联合国的宗旨和原则Original/elective member创始/纳入成员Decision-making //voting system 决策//表决制度United Nations Charter联合国宪章the General Assembly联合国大会the Security Council安全理事会Veto否决权the principle of unanimity of great powers大国一致原则Economic and Social Council经社理事会Trusteeship Council托管理事会Secretariat秘书处Secretary-General联合国秘书长Regional International Organizations区域性国际组织Specialized Agencies(联合国专门机构)The Collective Security System(联合国集体安全体制)The UN Peace-keeping Operations(联合国维和行动)复习备考(仅供参考,不可押题!)常见名词:⏹属地管辖权国际法不加禁止行为属人管辖权⏹无害通过引渡庇护过境通行⏹全权证书造法性条约草签⏹添附继有国籍人类共同继承财产⏹否决权斡旋安理会国际法院⏹登临权紧追权平行开发制⏹协定管辖任意强制管辖复习备考(仅供参考,不可押题!)⏹思考题:⏹论国际法与国内法之间的关系。

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