自我效能理论及其应用
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➢ Sources of self-efficacy (behaviour change technique). ➢ 自我效能感是Bandura,A.1977年提出的概念。在总结个人
和他人研究成果的基础上，他于1986年在其著作《思想和 行为的社会基础》中，对自我效能感做了进一步的系统论 述，使该理论的框架初步形成
Self-Efficacy Versus Other Constructs
“Self-efficacy as a judgment of personal capability is not self-esteem, which is a judgment of self-worth, nor is it locus of control, which is a belief about whether outcomes flow from behavior or from extraneous forces” (2005)
Self care
Health promotion
Self-care?
……..Self care includes the actions people take for themselves, their children and their families to stay fit and maintain good physical and mental health; meet social and psychological needs; prevent illness or accidents; care for minor ailments and longterm conditions; and maintain health and wellbeing after an acute illness or discharge from hospital. (DoH A Real Choice Self Care Support)
Parenting efficacy I can quit smoking. (You can start naming
them) I can learn English I can get over my phobias
building self-efficacy
有四个因素影响到人的自我效能的形成和 改变（Bandura)
Bandura’s most famous experimental research studies : “Bobo doll” studies
感謝您長得比我高 讓我知道我有一天也可以像你一樣
来自百度文库
影响观察学习的条件
➢ 榜样是学习者认同的人。 ➢ 榜样的行为受到了表扬或惩罚。 ➢ 榜样与学习者在人格特征上有相似之处。 ➢ 榜样与学习者在面对的问题上有相似之处。 ➢ 模仿的行为明确。 ➢ 模仿的行为是学习者能力所能及者。
自我效能的作用
个体在行动前对自身完成该活动有效性的一种主观评估，这 种预先的估计对后续的行为会多方面地发生影响。
自我效能感影响人们的行为选择。 影响面对困难时的坚持性和努力程度 自我效能感影响人们的思维模式和情感反应模式。
Personal efficacy beliefs
Teaching efficacy, Learning efficacy, Writing efficacy
自我效能理论及其应用
Living with longstanding
conditions 2005
Professional care
Ratio of Shared Professional Care to Self Care across the Chronic Illness Population base
Health belief model (HBM) Transtheoretical model (TTM) Theory of Reasoned Action Theory of Planned Behavior
Methods of behaviour change
➢ Caregiver could be involved in using these behaviour change techniques to enhance self care.
“Self-efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability to produce desired results by their own actions.”
Successful people usually have high self-efficacy.
个体行为的结果（成与败） 人们从观察别人所得到的替代性经验（榜样病
人的作用） 他人的评价、劝说及自我规劝 来自情绪和生理状态的信息
个体行为的结果
行为表现的成果是提高自我效能的最可 靠来源。 成功的经验可以增加一个人对自身能力 的效能預期。 重复失败則会降低自我效能。
替代性经验的观察学习
humans can learn by observing and modeling others, especially those that they identify with.
来自情绪和生理状态的信息
紧张、焦虑容易降低人们对自我效能的判断 生理状况差时自我效能感也会降低
但是人的一切行为都是主客观相互作用的产 物，外部的经验与主观的认知对自我效能感的 形成都有很大的影响作用。
如何评价自我效能？
Four key processes or steps to observational learning:
1. Attention 2. Symbolic representation and retention 3. Transformation to action or production 4. Motivation
四种不同的模仿方式
(一)直接模仿(direct modeling)： 直接模仿行为、技能
(二)综合模仿(synthesized modeling)： 综合多次所见，形成自己的行为
(三)象征模仿(symbolic modeling)： 模仿行为所代表的意义。
(四)抽象模仿(abstract modeling )： 模仿抽象原則，而非具体行为
Key Concept in SCT: Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy, as a refined construct, came relatively late in Bandura’s thinking.
Bandura’s noticed a characteristic of successful people in all phases of life. It was various selfefficacy beliefs that let to their successes.
Triadic Reciprocality Model
three bi-directional arrows depicts a dynamic reality Within this system, self
efficacy helps determine what people decide to do (based on their capability beliefs) self-regulation helps them to set, monitor, and control their goals and motivation.
言语劝说（verbal persuasion)
指通过他人的指导、建议、解释及鼓励等来改变 人们的自我效能
在直接经验或替代经验的基础上进行劝说、鼓 励，效果最好
当评价来自于有威信或对个体来说比较重要的 人时效果较好
The most important
Encourage, praise ,admire your patients at any stage by their own agenda.
Can intervening on the caregiver enhance self-care of patients and their caregivers?
Theories on behavior change
Knowledge-attitude-belief-practice (KAP or KABP)
和他人研究成果的基础上，他于1986年在其著作《思想和 行为的社会基础》中，对自我效能感做了进一步的系统论 述，使该理论的框架初步形成
Self-Efficacy Versus Other Constructs
“Self-efficacy as a judgment of personal capability is not self-esteem, which is a judgment of self-worth, nor is it locus of control, which is a belief about whether outcomes flow from behavior or from extraneous forces” (2005)
Self care
Health promotion
Self-care?
……..Self care includes the actions people take for themselves, their children and their families to stay fit and maintain good physical and mental health; meet social and psychological needs; prevent illness or accidents; care for minor ailments and longterm conditions; and maintain health and wellbeing after an acute illness or discharge from hospital. (DoH A Real Choice Self Care Support)
Parenting efficacy I can quit smoking. (You can start naming
them) I can learn English I can get over my phobias
building self-efficacy
有四个因素影响到人的自我效能的形成和 改变（Bandura)
Bandura’s most famous experimental research studies : “Bobo doll” studies
感謝您長得比我高 讓我知道我有一天也可以像你一樣
来自百度文库
影响观察学习的条件
➢ 榜样是学习者认同的人。 ➢ 榜样的行为受到了表扬或惩罚。 ➢ 榜样与学习者在人格特征上有相似之处。 ➢ 榜样与学习者在面对的问题上有相似之处。 ➢ 模仿的行为明确。 ➢ 模仿的行为是学习者能力所能及者。
自我效能的作用
个体在行动前对自身完成该活动有效性的一种主观评估，这 种预先的估计对后续的行为会多方面地发生影响。
自我效能感影响人们的行为选择。 影响面对困难时的坚持性和努力程度 自我效能感影响人们的思维模式和情感反应模式。
Personal efficacy beliefs
Teaching efficacy, Learning efficacy, Writing efficacy
自我效能理论及其应用
Living with longstanding
conditions 2005
Professional care
Ratio of Shared Professional Care to Self Care across the Chronic Illness Population base
Health belief model (HBM) Transtheoretical model (TTM) Theory of Reasoned Action Theory of Planned Behavior
Methods of behaviour change
➢ Caregiver could be involved in using these behaviour change techniques to enhance self care.
“Self-efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability to produce desired results by their own actions.”
Successful people usually have high self-efficacy.
个体行为的结果（成与败） 人们从观察别人所得到的替代性经验（榜样病
人的作用） 他人的评价、劝说及自我规劝 来自情绪和生理状态的信息
个体行为的结果
行为表现的成果是提高自我效能的最可 靠来源。 成功的经验可以增加一个人对自身能力 的效能預期。 重复失败則会降低自我效能。
替代性经验的观察学习
humans can learn by observing and modeling others, especially those that they identify with.
来自情绪和生理状态的信息
紧张、焦虑容易降低人们对自我效能的判断 生理状况差时自我效能感也会降低
但是人的一切行为都是主客观相互作用的产 物，外部的经验与主观的认知对自我效能感的 形成都有很大的影响作用。
如何评价自我效能？
Four key processes or steps to observational learning:
1. Attention 2. Symbolic representation and retention 3. Transformation to action or production 4. Motivation
四种不同的模仿方式
(一)直接模仿(direct modeling)： 直接模仿行为、技能
(二)综合模仿(synthesized modeling)： 综合多次所见，形成自己的行为
(三)象征模仿(symbolic modeling)： 模仿行为所代表的意义。
(四)抽象模仿(abstract modeling )： 模仿抽象原則，而非具体行为
Key Concept in SCT: Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy, as a refined construct, came relatively late in Bandura’s thinking.
Bandura’s noticed a characteristic of successful people in all phases of life. It was various selfefficacy beliefs that let to their successes.
Triadic Reciprocality Model
three bi-directional arrows depicts a dynamic reality Within this system, self
efficacy helps determine what people decide to do (based on their capability beliefs) self-regulation helps them to set, monitor, and control their goals and motivation.
言语劝说（verbal persuasion)
指通过他人的指导、建议、解释及鼓励等来改变 人们的自我效能
在直接经验或替代经验的基础上进行劝说、鼓 励，效果最好
当评价来自于有威信或对个体来说比较重要的 人时效果较好
The most important
Encourage, praise ,admire your patients at any stage by their own agenda.
Can intervening on the caregiver enhance self-care of patients and their caregivers?
Theories on behavior change
Knowledge-attitude-belief-practice (KAP or KABP)