英国工业革命论文

U K’s i n d u s t r i a l r e v o l u t i o n张明敏应用英语学院2013级2班3Part one：introduction of UK’s industrial revolutionMore than one hundred years, historians carried on the thorough research to the industrial revolution and economics, but what exactly is an industrial revolution often tell disagree on the existence of the industrial revolution in the history,even admit that the industrial revolution is a big economic reforms, also conducted a gradual theory and mutation theory. Mantoux, make a thorough inquiry of the original concept of the industry points out that Marx referred to in the "industrial revolution"in Das Kapital. And then, "industrial revolution" in 1850, have been used by Andre in 1845, it has been used in the?British?Working?Class of Engels.And here,the definition of it is that the industrial revolution is a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport, and technology had a tremendous effect on the and conditions starting in the Britain,then subsequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world.Part two:The influence of UK’s industrial revolutionThe UK’s Revolution brought about dramatic changes in nearly every aspect of British society, including economy, politics, social structures and institutions.First, The Industrial Revolution had made Great Britain the wealthiest country in the world. Its Industrial productivity increased dramatically. Thus, Great Britain became the most advancedindustrial country and also the financial center in the world. As Britain’s incoming finances grew and increased, citizens were able to move up the rungs of the social class ladder in British society, thus improving their financial and educational statuses. Alongside new inventions came exciting discoveries in medicine, providing for better treatments of diseases and thus promoting the overall health of British society. Meanwhile, in Britain, roads made of longer-lasting surfaces and canals connected all parts of the nation. A mining engineer, George Stephenson, developed the first steam-powered locomotive, opening the way for the building of railroads. Railroads and steam-powered ships improved transportation around the world. In 1837, an American inventor, Samuel . Morse, devised the telegraph, which revolutionized communications. In a word, all these new inventions made people’s life more convenient.Second,with the growth of factories, people were drawn tometropolitan result in an increase in population and urbanization. By 1850, the urban population was half of the whole population in Britain. The country also underwent a process of mass urbanization. Many new cities sprang up, such as Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham and Sheffield.Third, The Industrial Revolution also created changes in class structure. The capitalist class replaced the old nobility as the most important force in the country. Meanwhile, a large proletariat class came into being, who owned neither the means of production nor the products.The Industrial Revolution had its good side. But there was a saying that every coin has two sides. Obviously, The Industrial Revolution also had its bad side.Due to the factory system was largely responsible for the rise of the modern , as large numbers of workers migrated into the cities in search of employment in the factories. In the large number ofworkers, there was a particular worker group, the s. They were forced to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders. There once was reported that, children as young as four were employed. Beatings and long hours were common, with some child coal miners working from 4 am until 5 pm. Conditions were dangerous, with some children were severely injured and sometimes killed when they dozed off and fell into the path of the carts, while others died from gas explosions. Many children developed and other diseases and died before the age of 25.At the same time, Industrialization has brought factory pollutants and greater land use, which have harmed the natural environment. In particular, the application of machinery and science to agriculture has led to greater land use and, therefore, extensive loss of habitat for animals and plants. In addition, Industrialization and urbanization have also created some new social problems. For example: divide between rich and poor, overcrowding, living conditions were unsanitary, as well as cramped and impoverished and other defects.Part three:Revelation that China can drew from the UK’s industrial revolutionBritain's industrial revolution directly affects the process of human society, it provides a good reference for the development of our country. In according with?researching, revelation as follows. Ⅰ. Solve the problem of migrant workers and ensure the necessary social welfare in terms of employmentIn the early stage of the enclosure movement, with a large number of rural laborers into cities, it appears that a large number of unemployed are homeless because it was beyond the absorbing ability of influenced the urban security seriously. ( it also appears in China Guangzhou and other places now ), Therefore, the British government had killed plenty of homeless conspicuously, it is those people that provides the most scarce resources for the industrial revolution.On the one hand,officials in coastal cities now complain the migrant workers problem, on the other hand,they are badly in need?of workers have played and are still playing an important role in China's industrialization and urbanization, but they lack necessary social welfare in terms of employment and retirement benefits compared with urban workers. Migrant workers face many difficulties at work, such as backbreaking work, high health risks,weak social welfare and social security, as well as poor protection of rights. These people have made great contributions and sacrifices on the road to China's fast-paced economic development and , they deserve part of the economic least the authorities could do is to end the differential treatment of urban and rural residents. This is an issue they cannot afford to ignore if they want to ensure China's sustainable development, including urbanization and economic transformation.Ⅱ. Adjust population structure problem reasonably.The development of British industrial revolution attributed to the new increase of young labor rather than the Middle-aged labor or senior migrant workers .Since the middle of the 18th century, The population of UK has increased by three times. It means that there are abundant labor.As a matter of fact, any country industrialization process count on the new increase of young is a process of quite some time,China became the “factory of the world”thanks to abundant supplies of cheap China's growing aging population, many people in rural areas are becoming old before becoming well off,so it means that the basic new Labor force is not enough,which cannot satisfy the process of industrialization in other words, the shortage of migrant workers structure problems makes China industrialized or lag in a deform and risky path.Ⅲ.Independent innovation is the key to the industrialization.Explosions of technology and system innovation appeared in the process of the UK’s industrialrevolution .They are all originated in folk,and mostly made by young China is a country with a population of billion,people in China is mostly farmers, who are not connected with are mostly in low technology level in China's urban population while in the 18th century of UK’s industrial revolution ,ordinary workers is sufficient to the innovation?in?products?and?in? UK is facing the fourth and the fifth industrial revolution so the requirements of innovative personnel quality greatly improved, the real conditions of high technological innovation personnel far less than the United States.For quite some time, “made in China”has been synonymous with cheap and inferior quality goods. As one Chinese trade official said years ago, foreign trade had long been sewing shirts for overseas markets in exchange for indicates the absence of self-innovation capacity is the key factor which blocks Chinese industry getting self-development and sustaining competitive government should approach an understanding?of?reality?and?attaining? China needs to do is improving the quality and steady adjustment of industrial must create a good?circumstance to enable more people into the ,do encourage enterprises to innovation in a tole rant social ’s more, strengthen the investment of human capital of can learn the advanced management knowledge through the system to improve their own management, management ability, such as active participation in training, advanced study etc.(1396)ReferencePeter Mathial. The First Industrial Nation Routledge 3 （2001）Neil J. Smelser. Social Change in the Industrial Revolution Literary Licensing& LLC（2011）Clark Nardinelli. Child Labor and the Industrial Revolution Teachers Created Materials(2009)B. L. Hutchins﹠A. Harrison. 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