diction
diction
Diction (选词法)What is diction?In order to make an accurate and smooth translation, a translator should consider how to find a word or words by which the original idea may be most aptly expressed. Diction, the choice of words and phrases to express meaning, is therefore one of the basic techniques. Diction must be based on the accurate comprehension of the original. The meaning of a word is its use in the language, not only its definitions in the dictionary. A dictionary does not require or forbid a particular sense of a word but records the uses that have beeen found for it. Now and then a word is in the process of acquiring a new sense or somewhat altering its usual one. The dictionary definiton is for the most part a record of the denotation of a word and often cannot give its connotation. Lexicograghers or dictionary compilers agree that in many cases two corresponding words of different language do not always convey exactly the same idea. Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words. Each word when used in a new context is a new word. Beginners often rigidly adhere to the verbal consistency of words in two languages, while neglecting their contextural consistency. Care should therefore be taken in translating to determine from the context the exact shade of meaning of a word or an expression in the source text and the choice of an appropriate one to express the meaning in the target version.Choice of affective meanings(选择情感意义)Choice of grammatical meaning (选择语法意义)Choice of contextual meaning (选择语境意义)Choice of collocative meaning (选择搭配意义)Choice of stylistic meaning (选择文体意义)Choice of extended meaning (选择引申意义)1.Choice of affective meanings(选择情感意义)Affective meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the writer towards the reader. There are basically there types of affective meanings: positive(褒义), neutral (中性), and derogatory(贬义).1. Aggressive nations threathen world peace.侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平。
北京交通大学英汉翻译基础第二单元遣词法U2_Diction培训讲学
呢帽
soft answer
委婉的回答
soft heart
易感动的心
soft fire
文火
soft words
和蔼的话
soft drink
不含酒精的饮料
soft light
柔和的灯光
soft goods
毛织品
soft cushion
靠垫
soft breeze
Ⅱ. Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of an English Word
4、Judging from Different Branches of Learning and Specialties
“base”: “词根” in lexicology; “本金” in business; “底涂” in painting; “基线” in survey; “根据地” in military science
timepractice老战士老领导老师傅老黄牛比喻勤勤恳恳做事而不计名利的人老芹菜老皇历老生常谈老捣乱seniorleadermastercraftsmanwillingoxdiligentconscientiouspersonovergrowncelerylastyearcalendarcommonplacealwaysmaketrouble申请书报告书协议书成绩通知书使用说明书成交确认书电视机使用说明书白皮书家书letterapplicationreportagreementgradereportdirectionssalesconfirmationtelevisionoperationguidewhitebookletterfromhomesecretcodemouthwaterplayingcardsbigmovieearlyloveyouthspotconvenientnoodlesinvisibleglassescirculatingfundsbuyonepresentonesalivas??la?v?playingcardspuppyloveinstantnoodlescontactlensesworkingcapitalbuyonegetonefreesecretcodemouthwaterplayingcardsbigmovieearlyloveyouthspotconvenientnoodlesinvisibleglassescirculatingfundsbuyonepresentonesalivas??la?v?playingcardspuppyloveinstantnoodlescontactlensesworkingcapitalbuyonegetonefreesourmilk酸牛奶greenbean四季豆eatoneswords承认自己说错话greenbonnet生意失败破产yellowbookmungbeanbreakonespromiseworddirtyadultbooksourmilk酸牛奶greenbean四季eatoneswords承认自己说错话greenbonnet生意失败破yellowbookmungbeanbreakonespromiseworddirtyadultbook炉子着得很旺
英语措辞Diction
英语措辞Diction《英语措辞 Diction》在学习英语的过程中,我们常常会听到“diction”这个词,它指的是措辞,也就是在表达时选择和运用词汇、短语以及句子结构的方式。
英语措辞的恰当与否,直接影响着我们交流的效果和质量。
一个好的英语措辞能够让我们的表达清晰、准确、自然,并且能够更好地传达我们的意图和情感。
反之,如果措辞不当,可能会导致误解、混淆,甚至让我们的表达显得生硬、不流畅。
首先,词汇的选择是英语措辞中的关键环节。
我们需要根据具体的语境和交流对象,选择合适的词汇。
比如说,在正式的商务场合,我们应该使用比较正式、专业的词汇,而在与朋友日常交流时,则可以使用更加随意、口语化的词汇。
举个例子,如果我们要表达“高兴”这个意思,在正式的书面语中,可能会使用“delighted”“pleased”这样的词汇;而在口语中,“happy”“glad”就更加常见。
再比如,“购买”这个动作,在正式场合可以用“purchase”,而在日常交流中,“buy”就足够了。
除了词汇的选择,短语的运用也能为我们的英语措辞增色不少。
一些固定搭配的短语不仅能够让我们的表达更加地道,还能更准确地传达特定的含义。
例如,“in the long run”(从长远来看)、“by and large”(大体上)、“on the contrary”(相反)等等。
这些短语的恰当使用能够让我们的语言更加丰富和生动。
句子结构在英语措辞中同样重要。
不同的句子结构可以产生不同的表达效果。
简单句简洁明了,能够直接传达核心信息;复合句和复杂句则可以展示更复杂的逻辑关系和丰富的内容。
比如,“I love reading”这是一个简单句,直接表达了“我喜欢阅读”的意思。
而“He said that he would come if he had time”则是一个复合句,通过宾语从句的使用,更详细地说明了他来的条件。
在英语措辞中,还需要注意避免一些常见的错误。
diction修辞
diction修辞Diction修辞:打开文字的魔力之门在我们的日常生活中,我们经常接触到各种各样的文字。
文字不仅仅是传递信息的工具,更是一门艺术。
而修辞学就是研究如何运用文字来达到艺术效果的学科。
其中,diction修辞是一种常见且重要的修辞手法。
Diction修辞指的是作者在写作过程中选择和使用词汇的技巧。
它涉及到词汇的精确性、准确性、形象性和音韵美等方面。
通过巧妙运用diction修辞,作者能够使文章更加生动、形象,增强读者的阅读体验。
diction修辞中的一个重要概念是词汇的精确性。
在选择词汇时,作者应该根据文章的主题和目的,选择最准确、最贴切的词语来表达自己的意思。
例如,如果要描述一个美丽的花园,我们可以使用诸如绚丽、芬芳、盛开等词汇,让读者更加直观地感受到花园的美丽。
diction修辞还包括词汇的准确性。
准确的词汇选择能够更加精确地表达作者的意图,避免歧义和误导。
例如,当我们要描述一个人的年龄时,使用"年轻"和"年幼"表达的意思是完全不同的。
正确地选择词汇可以避免读者对文章的理解产生偏差。
除了精确性和准确性之外,diction修辞还强调词汇的形象性。
形象的词汇能够让读者更加生动地感受到文章中描绘的场景和人物。
例如,用"翩翩起舞"来形容舞蹈会让读者感受到舞者轻盈飘逸的形象,增强了阅读的趣味性和可视化效果。
diction修辞还注重词汇的音韵美。
音韵美是指词汇在语音上的和谐和美感。
通过巧妙运用音韵方面的修辞手法,作者能够使文章更加优美、动听。
例如,使用押韵、排比、对偶等手法,可以使文章具有一种韵律感和节奏感,让读者产生一种愉悦的阅读感受。
diction修辞是一种重要的修辞手法,它能够让文章更加生动、形象,增强读者的阅读体验。
通过精确、准确、形象和音韵美的词汇选择,作者可以更好地表达自己的意图,使读者更加投入到文章的世界中。
因此,在写作过程中,我们应该注重diction修辞的运用,打开文字的魔力之门。
dic词缀的意思
dic词缀的意思
DIC是英文单词dictionary的缩写,具有词缀的含义。
该词缀通常用
于表示“字典”、“词典”的意思,例如:
1. dictionary(词典)
2. diction(措辞)
3. dictate(命令)
除此之外,DIC还可以表示“诊断”、“数字”、“直接”等含义,
具体如下:
1. diagnosis(诊断)
2. digital(数字的)
3. direct(直接的)
DIC这个词缀的历史由来可以追溯到拉丁语中的“dictio”(意为“说”)。
在英语中,“dic”被广泛应用于语言和数字领域。
例如,在计算机编程中,DIC常常用于表示“字典”或“映射”的概念。
此外,DIC也被广泛用于医学领域,用于表示与诊断和治疗相关的术语。
总之,DIC是一个用途广泛的词缀,可以表示不同的含义,涵盖了语
言、数字、医学等领域。
了解这个词缀的含义和用法,可帮助我们更好地理解相关单词的含义。
Unit Two Diction
Part 2 Levels of Words
The words that we come across can be divided into 3 types, according to a stylistic point of view:
formal, common, and colloquial.
I feel that paying attention to words used around you is the best way to increase your working vocabulary. If you are really into improving the number of words you know, you can use such vocabulary-improvement lessons as are in the Reader's Digest.
3.1 Don't need long words Television commentator William S. Buckley has a tremendous vocabulary and would often overpower his debate opponents through the use of long words, whose definitions only highly literate people would know. He wouldn't win on logic of argument but on frustrating his opponents.
3.4 Summary
A good vocabulary does not mean you know many long or difficult words. Instead, it means that you know how to express yourself so that the reader will understand your material. Sometimes is it necessary to use industry-specific jargon, but you still must make sure everyone understands what you are writing. It is worthwhile to constantly work at improving your knowledge of words.
【精品】Unit3Diction9.25翻译理论与实践
3.2 Choice of Contextual Meanings
•Question:
•What is the meaning of Meaning? What is the average number of the meanings for Power?
•意义:指称意义言内意义、语用意义。 •Please determine from the context the exact meaning of Power in each sentence (Drills 3.3, P. 72), and choose an appropriate equivalent one in Chinese.
• 2. Each word when used in a new context is a new word. —Firth
3.4 Choice of Affective Meanings
• Question: • What is the importance of affective meanings to translation? Can you give some examples? • Compare and translate the following:
Translate the following, paying attention to the collocation (Drills 3.4, P. 73). Good (adj.) good manners good humor 得体的举止 愉快的心情;好脾气
a good king
good living
• 实者实,虚者虚,虚非实,实非虚。 • 是即是,非即非…… • ……
Pre-class Questions
第2章 常用翻译技巧
译文: 我们认识到,自由贸易并非一种损人利 己的“零和值”游戏。 (语义性增译)
例5.(?)信笔写来,(?)竟然差不多都是写我 自己的回忆,这(?)就说明了这本散文集的魅 力。 While writing at will, I find all I’ve done is just something of my own recollection, which shows how charming this collection of essays is! (结构增译)
例7.有市场、有效益的速度,才是真正的发 展,才是硬道理。 Sound economic growth must be based on strong market demand and good economic returns. This is a fundamental principle.
中国人的生活中充满了一系 列“名牌”、“上品”之 类的东西:筵席上的茅台属 中国八大名酒之一,杭州西 湖属中国九大名胜之一,就 连一些公司也要自称是全国 500强企业之一。 (语义性增译)
例3.Venice invites idleness and strolling. Its silence is restful and its sundials are inscribed with the words: Horas non mumero nisi serenas (I count only the happy hours). “邀请悠闲和散步, 安宁是静止的”?
例8.“一要吃饭,二要建设”是指导我国经 济工作的基本原则。 A basic principle guiding our economic work is “subsistence first and development second”.
Diction
Diction(措词):Diction, the choice of words and phrases to express meaning, must be based on the accurate comprehension of the original. The meaning of a word is its use in the language, not only its definitions in the dictionary. A dictionary does not require or forbid a particular sense of a word but records the uses that have been found for it. Now and then a word is in the process of acquiring a new sense or somewhat altering its usual one. The dictionary definition is for the most part a record of the denotation of a word and often cannot give its connotation (Perrin 1965: 366).Lexicographers or dictionary compilers agree that in many cases two corresponding words of different languages do not always convey exactly the same idea. Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words (词本无义,义随人生). Each word when used in a new context is a new word.Beginners often rigidly adhere to the verbal consistency (字面上的对应) of words in two languages, while neglecting their contextual consistency (上下文中的一致). Care should therefore be taken in translating to determine from the context the exact shade of meaning of a word or an expression in the source text and the choice of an appropriate one to express the meaning in the target version.A word in different collocations or context.Example:Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.相同的电荷相斥,不同的电荷相吸。
diction的名词解释
diction的名词解释1. 引言语言是人类交流和表达思想的重要工具,而在语言中,词汇选择的准确性和效果对于有效沟通至关重要。
这就引入了一个重要的概念,即diction(用词)。
2. 概述Diction,通常被定义为个体或作家在表达意思时选择和使用特定词汇的方式。
它关注的是词汇的准确性、合适性和效果。
通过使用恰当的词汇,一个人或作家可以更好地传达其意图,以及让读者或听众更准确地理解和体会他们所表达的信息。
3. 类型和特点在讨论diction时,有几个关键的因素值得考虑。
首先是词汇的准确性。
当一个人选择准确的词汇时,他们能更准确地传达他们的意思。
例如,如果一个医生在向患者解释诊断时使用了专业术语,患者可能无法完全理解。
与此相反,如果医生使用普通人能理解的词汇,患者将更容易理解和接受信息。
另一个重要的因素是词汇的合适性。
使用合适的词汇意味着使用符合环境和受众的词汇。
例如,在正式场合中,使用流行俚语可能不太合适,因为它可能会给人不专业或不成熟的印象。
因此,在选择词汇时,要根据特定情境和受众作出明智的选择。
此外,词汇的效果也是diction中一个关键的方面。
特定的词汇可以产生不同的情感和氛围。
一个作家可以通过选择不同的词汇来创造不同的情感,如喜悦、忧伤或紧张。
同样,演讲者也可以通过选择特定的词汇来激发听众的情感共鸣。
4. 好的diction的重要性一个好的diction是有效沟通的基础。
通过选择准确、合适和有力的词汇,一个人可以确保自己的意思能够准确地被传达和理解。
好的diction还有助于建立信任和引起共鸣。
当读者或听众感到词汇选择符合他们的需求和理解时,他们更有可能被激发兴趣并与作者建立联系。
5. diction的应用领域不同的领域和专业都有自己特定的diction。
例如,在文学和诗歌中,diction非常重要,因为它可以创造出独特的文学风格和情感。
在演讲中,演讲者的词汇选择可以影响他们的口才和演讲的说服力。
英语写作中的十大常见错误
英语写作中的十大常见错误英语写作中的十大常见错误俗话说“千里之行始于足下”。
英语书面表达能力的形成不是一日之功,必须从平时的课堂学习一点一滴抓起,持之以恒。
下面店铺为大家整理了英语写作中的十大常见错误,希望能帮到大家!一、不一致(Disagreements)所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致等。
例:When one have money, he can do what he want to.剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理,want应改为wants。
本句是典型的主谓不一致。
改为:Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).二、修饰语错位(Misplaced Modifiers)英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化。
对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解。
例:I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末。
三、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。
可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生。
例:There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.剖析:本句后半部分"for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on."不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句。
Unit3 翻译的用词Diction.
Chinese. Useful skills. Exercises.
Have a try
1. He likes mathematics more than physics. 2. There are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 3. Like knows like. 4. Like father like son. 5. Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. (喜欢, 像, 英雄, 相同的)
2. Delicate: - skin; - porcelain; - upbringing; - health; - vase; - diplomatic question; - sense of smell;-instrument; speech
3. Soft: - pillow; - money; - breeze; - voice; - hat; - answer; - heart; - drink; - light;
Exercise 3
1. 你是什么意思? 2. 我的意思还是不去为好。 3. 天有点要下雨的意思。 4. 跳舞很有意思。 5. 他这个人有意思。 6. 她的话真没意思。 7. 这是我们的一点小意思。 8. 这个女生对她的英语老师有了意思。 9. 他的讲话虽然简短但是非常有意思。 10. 我没有要改变主意的意思。
第一部分——词汇翻译: Translation techniques
Diction-选词用字 Amplification-增益 Omission-省略 Conversion-转换 Restructuring-词序调整 Negation-正说反译,反说正译
Diction
4
Levels of Words
Words are generally classified into four groups according to different levels of usage or formality: Formal Standard or common Colloquial or informal Slang
10
Note:
kid (colloquial) child (common) transaction (a little formal) business/trade (common) dubious (a little formal) doubtful/unlikely (common)
11
Colloquial or Informal Words
9
Example:
When I was a kid, and reading every science fiction book in the local library, I used to wonder exactly how the future would happen. By that I don’t mean what the future would be like----science fiction already told me that----but rather how we’d actually get there. Science fiction books seemed to agree, for example, that in the future there would be no money----all transactions would be made via identity cards and centralized computers. But that seemed dubious to me: how, I wondered, are you going to get everybody to give up money in the first place?
Diction
charge
• She complained that she had been charged too much. 她抱怨说,向她收的费太高了。
• This store will charge things you buy, and let you pay for them later. 这家商店将你所买的东西记入账内,让你 以后付款。
Translation
——Diction
Team 1
We Do Chicken Right.
我们做鸡是对的。 adj.对的
我们只做鸡的右半边。 adj.右边的, 右方的
我们可以做鸡,对吧。 prep. (要确保对方同意 或明白时说)对不 我们直接做鸡。 adv.直接地
Definition of Diction
the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the origin
charge
• This general was charged with treason. 这个将军被指控犯了叛国罪。 • The Committee decided to put Professor Henry in charge of the research work. 委员会决定让亨利教授负责这项工作。
(英汉词字层次对等关系)
Word-for-Word Correspondence
• aspirin = 阿斯匹林 • 激光= laser
One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning
研究生实用英语写作2-diction
❖ Accuracy and exactness
Many errors in writing result from the confusion of word meanings. For example:
1. When he was only 10 years old, he won first reward.
2. They can not find an outlet for fleeing the burning room.
3. Tom shed regretful tears.
4. He derives delight (sensuous delight) from folk music.
Another example:
1. White elephant sports shoes 2. Yellow publications 3. He’s as quiet as a cat. 4. He’s as strong as a cow.
❖ White elephant sports shoes something expensive and not useful/practical
In selecting the most appropriate words, we should put the following 5 criteria in mind: ❖ Accuracy and exactness ❖ Culture awareness ❖ Emotion awareness ❖ Occasion awareness ❖ Abundance and diversity
词带有更多的感情。
•First lady •first wife
英语词源漫谈中dictionary
英语词源漫谈:探寻dictionary的渊源一、引言在日常生活中,我们经常会使用到各种英语词汇,而这些词汇的来源和演变往往与英语词源息息相关。
其中,dictionary这一词汇作为我们日常学习和工作中不可或缺的工具,其词源也是一个颇具历史和故事性的话题。
本文将围绕dictionary这一主题,从简单到复杂,由浅入深地探讨其词源及相关概念,帮助我们更深入地理解这个主题。
二、什么是dictionary?让我们来了解一下dictionary这个词本身的含义。
在英语中,dictionary通常指的是一本词典,用于解释、翻译和索引词汇。
它记录了语言中的词汇、短语、释义、用法和发音等信息,是学习和理解语言的重要工具。
而dictionary这个词的词源又是怎样的呢?三、dictionary的词源漫谈1. Latin词源在探究dictionary的词源时,我们不得不提到拉丁语。
事实上,dictionary这个词的词源可以追溯到拉丁语的“dictionarius”,意为“字典”或“词典”。
这个词源展现了古罗马人对于语言和文字记录的重视,同时也反映了古代文明中对于知识和学问的珍视。
2. 中世纪演变随着时间的推移,dictionary这一词汇在中世纪逐渐演变成了中世纪拉丁语中的“dictionarium”或“dictionarius”。
在中世纪,这些词典开始被用于宗教、学术和文学领域,成为当时知识传承和交流的重要工具。
3. 英语语境随着时代的变迁,dictionary这一词汇进入了英语语境,并逐渐成为今天我们所使用的形式,“dictionary”。
在英语中,这个词汇不仅仅指代传统的词典,还包括了各种形式的语言工具,如电子词典、在线词典等。
它的词源经历了千年,但仍保留着对知识和语言的珍视和传承。
四、总结与回顾通过对dictionary这一词汇词源的解析,我们不仅仅了解了它的历史渊源,还能感受到人类对于知识和语言的不懈探索和传承。
英语修辞diction
Diction(措辞)
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Hours Minute
• • • • • • Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ. Ⅴ. Ⅵ. Levels of Words The Meaning of Words General and Specific Words Idioms Figures of Speech Dictionaries
Definition:Words which are mainly used in informal or
familiar conversation.
Usage: In literary works their main use is to record people's
thoughts and dialogues. Feature: They are usually short words of one or two syllables and most of them are of Saxon origin (起源于撒克 逊人)— not borrowed from Greek, Latin, or French).
General and Specific Words
General and Specific Words:
General Words are recapitulative. Specific Words are detailed--it helps to make writing clear, exact, vivid, and striking, for they are more informative and expressive than general words.
翻译中的选词法
• III. 选择情感意义(choice of afffective meanings)-----语义分析(情感)
• 1.lexical ambiguity(词汇歧义)
• The multiple meanings of the utterance depends on the meaning of the single word. E.g.
• ⑴ She cannot bear children.
• ①She cannot give birth to children because she is sterile.
翻译中的选词法(diction)
• I. 选择语法意义(choice of grammatical meanings)----语法结构分析
• The same word, when used as different parts of speech and playing different roles in a sentence, has different meanings.
• 1.Take the cart back to the back yard and back it into the shed at the back of the stable.
• 2.He had no stomach to follow us.
• I can’t stomach this job any longer.
翻译技巧1-diction培训讲学
Delicate difference
讲不大清楚的差别
Delicate surgical operation 难做的外科手术
……
3) Distinguish the original meaning of an
English word by means of syntax(从词的语 法形式判断)
7. 王教授精通小学和《大学》
8. 毛泽东同志的思想和学说是永存的;
关于社会注意建设总路线的基本思想;
破除迷信,解放思想;
毛泽东军事思想的一个重要组成部分,是关于人民 战争的思想;
政治问题和思想问题。
1. 广播学校(通过电台对各地的学生授课的学校) 误:空军学校 2. 昨晚我去参加了我们中国研究组的集会。 (do: n. social function 集会,娱乐宴聚活动)误:
machine, engine, plane, aircraft...机 sheep, goat, ram, ewe, lamb...羊
4) Equivalents Interwoven with One Another
Say
说
Speak
讲
Talk
谈
Tell
诉
这可说不得。 我代他向你说
Warming-up exercises:
1. The School of the Air (the school of the air)
2. Last evening I went to a do held by our China Study Group.
3. The see of Sydney
1) Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of context
巧记dictionary英语单词
巧记dictionary英语单词
大家好,今天我要教大家一些关于dictionary这个单词的用法和记忆技巧。
Dictionary是英语中最基础的单词之一,它具有“词典”、“字典”的意思,可以用于描述各种类型的参考书。
下面给大家列举一些常用的记忆技巧,帮助大家更好地掌握这个单词:
1. 拆解记忆法:将dictionary拆成“diction”和“ary”两部分,其中“diction”的意思是“措辞”,“ary”表示“关于”的意思。
可以从这两个部分的含义来记忆单词的意思。
2. 联想记忆法:将dictionary想象成一本厚厚的书,里面记载了许多单词的含义和用法。
我们可以通过想象自己在使用这本书来加深记忆。
3. 语境记忆法:将dictionary放在句子中,例如:“我需要一本英语词典来学习英语。
”这样可以让我们更容易地理解单词的含义。
希望以上的记忆技巧能够帮助大家更好地学习和记忆单词dictionary。
祝大家学习愉快!
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• 例:Capitalism cannot cure itself of its destructive internal
contradiction.
往最容易译错。
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1)I want my martini dry. 我的马丁尼酒不要甜的。
2) There are still some dry states in the United
States. 在美国尚有几州禁酒。 3) She prefers dry bread. 她喜欢无奶油的面包。 4) He cows are dry. 这些母牛缺奶。 5)He gave us a dry lecture yesterday. 昨天他给我们作了一个枯燥无味的讲演。 6) I am sure what he presented was a dry
此外,charge还有如下意义。如charge sb. to do sth.(责令某人做某事),charge oneself with a task (承担一项任务)等。
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现代英国语言学派创始人弗斯(Furth)说过 :“Each word when used in a new
context is a new word.”(每个词用在不同的 句子中就有不同的含义。)苏联翻译理论家 巴尔胡达罗夫也主张“多义词的意义通常 是通过言语的上下文来揭示的”。作者使 用多义词究竟指多义中的哪一义,只能从 上下文中去寻找。尤其是遇到常用词时, 不要自以为对它们已很熟悉,想当然地把 自己已懂得的词义放到译文中去。须知, 译者自以为懂了而实际又不懂的地方,往
1) It was a girl with good manners. 这是一位举止得体的姑娘。 2)These were all labeled as good eggs. 这些都被标为新鲜的鸡蛋。 3)Dogs are often regarded as man’s good friends.
狗经常被认为是人们的忠实朋友。
5) The powder in place, he rammed in a long iron rod to tamp down the charge..
火药装好后,他伸进去一根长铁钎以便把炸药捣实。
6) This store will charge things you buy, and let you pay for them later. 这家商店将你所买的东西记入账内,让你以后付款。 7) Having charged the battery, he set the engine in motion. 电池充电后,他启动了马达。
3) As soon as the moment for the general offensive arrived, the soldiers charged the enemy position bravely. 总攻时间一到,战士们勇猛地向敌人的阵地冲去 。
4) She complained that she had been charged too much. 她20抱20/9怨/25 说,向她收的费太高了。
fact. 我确信,他所列举的是铁一般的事实
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1)Here is a pretty go! 这件事真难办!
2)He is itching to have a go at it. 他跃跃欲试。
3)The old man is still full of go. 这位老人仍然精力充沛。
Lecture 5 Diction
Words have no meanings, people have meanings for them.
Good translation depends largely upon how to choose the exact meaning of key words.
government of the four countries.
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1) This general was charged with treason.. 这个将军被指控犯了叛国罪。
2) The Committee decided to put Professor Henry in charge of the research work. 委员会决定让亨利教授负责这项研究工作。 类似短语有take charge of, take charge译为“负 责”
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• 在英汉翻译过程中,针对原文的 词义正确地选择汉语词义,是保 证译文质量的根本一环。
• 首先一个词在不同的句子中有不同的含
义。
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• Head • He has a good head for philosophy. • The dinner cost us five dollars a head. • Prick with the head of a needle. • He was standing at the head of the staircase. • Let’s discuss the question under the five heads. • The head of his behe meeting were the heads of
4)These brightly colored stockings are all the go this summer.
这些颜色鲜明的袜子今夏很流行。
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英语单词good 是个虚指的抽象词语;在不少情 况下,可以用它的基本词义“好”来翻译,如a good man(一个好人),a good book(一本好书) ,good news (好消息) 等,但是,比较正规的书 面语体里就不能一味用“好”字来翻译good 一 词了。例如: