英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)(课堂PPT)

11
谓语 –说明主语的动作、状态和特征
✓ 必不可少； ✓ 决定句子结构； ✓ 谓语的形式结构-动词
– We study English. – He likes playing the games.
12
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词） – He hates you. （代词） – How many do you need? We need two. （数词） – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. （动名词） – I hope to see you again. （不定式） – Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
16
定语 – 修饰名词
The boy The cute boy The cute boy in blue jeans The cute boy wearing blue jeans The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans
is my brother.
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同位语 – 名词短语的补语成分
主
谓
表/主补
(2) the yard looks fine for a while
主
谓 表/主补 时间状语
(3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the
主
谓
宾
weeds by the roots.
like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude
leads to disappointment or even failure.
7
(1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower
主
谓
宾
9
主语 – 谓语动作的执行者
✓ 主语可以省略。
✓ 主语的形式结构：
– The sun rises in the east. （名词）
– He likes dancing. （代词）
– Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
– Seeing is believing. （动名词）
时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
• The boy needs a pen very much.（程度状语） • The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.（宾语较长则状语前置） • The boy really needs a pen.（程度状语） • The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.（时间状语） • In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.（地点状语） • Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.(条件状语) • On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.(时间状语) • He sits there,asking for a pen.（表示伴随状态） • Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.（原因状语） • Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.（原因状语） • The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的状语） • To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business. （目的状语）
1. Her love died. 2. She loved me. 3. She gave me a
5
动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语 和定语填补动词的语义空缺。
6
给下列短文划分句子成分。
Losers Look for Quick Fixes
There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-soeasy way. (1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower and (2) the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But (3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is time-consuming and painful, but (4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time. (5) The first solution appeared easy, but (6) the problem remained. The second solution was not so easy, but took care of the problem from the roots. (7) The key is to get the root of the problem.
19
More exercise – 划分句子成分。
• 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
• 12.All the students think highly of his teaching • 13. We need a place twice larger than this
14
系动词
• be • feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear, • become, grow, get, turn, fall, go, come • continue, remain, stay, keep
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状语 - 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、
英语句子成分
1
4 2 种基本成分+ 种修饰成分
• 基本成分– 主语 Nhomakorabea– 谓语动词
– 宾语
– 补足语
2
关系图
句子成分
核心成分
主语 谓语
基本成 分
直接宾语
宾语
谓语成分 补语
间接宾语 主语补足语 （表语）
宾语补足语
定语 （修饰名词）
修饰成分
状语（修饰动词）
3
句子成分
主语、宾语 谓语 补足语 状语 定语
The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The problem with people today is that (8)
they want instant answer. (9) They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything. Just
(4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time.
主
谓
时间状语
(5) The first solution appeared easy,
主
谓
表/主补
8
(6) the problem remained.
主
谓
(7) The key is to get the root of the problem.
主谓
表/主补
定
(8) they want instant answer.
主谓
宾
(9) They are looking for one-minute solutions （to everything）.
主
谓
宾
宾补
(10)This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.
– To see is to believe. （不定式）
– What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
– It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a
tree.
10
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词） – He hates you. （代词） – How many do you need? We need two. （数词） – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. （动名词） – I hope to see you again. （不定式） – Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
✓ 名词才有同位语； ✓ 同位语即名词补足语； ✓ 省略同位语，句子意思完整。
‾ My uncle, my mother’s brother, died of cancer when he was 47. ‾ I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.