《商务英语写作》电子教案
商务英语备课教案模板及范文
一、教案名称商务英语写作课程教案二、教学目标1. 让学生掌握商务英语写作的基本原则和格式。
2. 培养学生撰写商务信函、报告、备忘录等应用文的能力。
3. 提高学生的商务英语沟通能力和专业素养。
三、教学对象商务英语专业本科生或职场商务人士四、教学内容1. 商务英语写作概述2. 商务信函的写作3. 商务报告的写作4. 商务备忘录的写作5. 商务英语写作常见错误及避免五、教学时间8课时六、教学准备1. 教材：《商务英语写作》2. 教学课件3. 商务英语写作范文4. 商务英语写作练习七、教学过程第一课时：商务英语写作概述1. 导入：介绍商务英语写作的重要性及在职场中的应用。
2. 讲解：商务英语写作的基本原则和格式。
3. 举例：分析商务英语写作的范文，让学生了解写作规范。
4. 互动：让学生举例说明商务英语写作在实际工作中的应用场景。
第二课时：商务信函的写作1. 讲解：商务信函的种类、格式及写作技巧。
2. 举例：分析商务信函的范文，让学生掌握写作方法。
3. 练习：让学生根据所学知识，撰写一封商务信函。
第三课时：商务报告的写作1. 讲解：商务报告的种类、格式及写作技巧。
2. 举例：分析商务报告的范文，让学生了解报告写作规范。
3. 练习：让学生根据所学知识，撰写一份商务报告。
第四课时：商务备忘录的写作1. 讲解：商务备忘录的种类、格式及写作技巧。
2. 举例：分析商务备忘录的范文，让学生掌握写作方法。
3. 练习：让学生根据所学知识，撰写一份商务备忘录。
第五课时：商务英语写作常见错误及避免1. 讲解：商务英语写作中常见的错误及避免方法。
2. 举例：分析商务英语写作中的错误，让学生引以为戒。
3. 互动：让学生分享自己在商务英语写作中遇到的问题及解决方法。
第六课时：商务英语写作综合练习1. 练习：让学生结合所学知识，完成一份商务英语写作综合练习。
2. 评讲：教师对学生的练习进行点评，指出优点和不足。
第七课时：课程总结与反馈1. 总结：回顾本课程的主要内容和重点。
商务英语写作教案第一次课
沈阳大学科技工程学院教案2011 ～2012 学年第 2学期课程名称：商务英语写作教师所在院、系：工商管理学生所在专业、班级： 10人资教师姓名：刘淑伟教师职称：讲师“商务英语写作”课程综述本课程的主要内容：本课程以商务英语写作技巧和能力训练为主要内容，把商务工作中可能遇到的各种写作任务融为一体，突出商务写作的特点，强调通俗易懂、简明完整、清楚正确的写作风格和原则，并尽量反映英美国家商务写作方面的最新内容。
本门课分为5大模块：商务英语写作基础、招聘与就业、企业办公管理、企业宣传和企业对外交流等，涵盖了商务基本写作类型，涉及到常用的备忘录写作、电子邮件、企业宣传、商务演讲和商务报告写作等，并有针对性的讲解简历，求职信及商业演讲等内容，将写作知识、写作技能与实际的业务活动有机结合，为学生提供了大量的写作范本，写作技巧和实战训练机会。
为了激发学生自主学习的积极性和加强学生实际应用能力的训练，本课程的每个单元设有4个板块：Having a Clear Picture(摸清门道)、Showing Your Talent Slightly (初露锋芒)、Opening the Treasure Box (打开百宝箱)、Displaying Your Prowess Fully (大显身手)。
课程以课堂讲授法和课堂训练法为主，辅以案例分析法，讲练结合，各个教学环节注重介绍写作的各种语境处理技巧，并结合课堂实践重点进行分析，加强学生的语言解析力。
能有效地提高学生商务英语写作能力。
本课程与其他课程的关系：商务英语写作课程的先修课程为英语专业基础课程和国际贸易实务、人力资源管理等相关专业课程，后续课程为经贸英语翻译等课程。
本课程总学时(学分)数：总学时48学时，学分3分。
本课程的考核方式：无期末考试总成绩构成（1）上交项目作业（每堂课根据情况选择抽交），包括电子版和纸质版，5次，每个占总分比例10%，合计占50%。
商务英语写作电子教案外贸英语函电
商务英语写作电子教案PPT 外贸英语函电第一章：引言1.1 课程目标了解外贸英语函电的重要性掌握外贸英语函电的基本格式和常用词汇1.2 课程内容外贸英语函电的定义和作用外贸英语函电的分类和特点外贸英语函电的基本格式和写作技巧1.3 教学方法讲授与实践相结合案例分析和讨论互动练习和小组讨论第二章：商业信函的基本格式2.1 商业信函的结构信头和日期称呼和问候语部分结束语和签名2.2 商业信函的格式要求信纸的选择和排版字体和字号段落和行间距2.3 实例分析商业邀请函商业感谢信商业投诉信第三章：商业信函的写作技巧3.1 明确目的和对象了解收信人的需求和兴趣突出重点和简洁明了3.2 使用恰当的语气和语言正式和礼貌的语言3.3 逻辑结构和连贯性清晰的段落和主题句适当的过渡词和连接词第四章：商业电子邮件的写作技巧4.1 电子邮件的格式和结构电子邮件的和称呼部分和附件4.2 电子邮件的写作技巧简洁明了的表达适当的语气和语言注意电子邮件的语气和风格4.3 实例分析商业询问电子邮件商业报价电子邮件商业确认电子邮件第五章：外贸英语函电的常用词汇和表达5.1 外贸术语和缩写EXW、FOB、CIF等Incoterms 20245.2 常用表达和短语询问和答复报价和议价付款和交货5.3 行业特定词汇和表达进出口货物运输保险和风险教学时间安排：每章内容的教学时间为2课时，共10课时。
每个章节的教学时间可以根据实际情况进行调整。
教学评估：每个章节结束后进行小组讨论和案例分析。
期末进行综合测试，包括选择题、填空题和写作题。
教学资源：PPT课件和教学资料案例分析和实例参考书籍和在线资源第六章：建立业务关系6.1 背景和目的分析建立业务关系的重要性理解建立业务关系的目的和过程6.2 建立业务关系的步骤查找潜在客户和市场调研初步接触和发送介绍信后续跟进和建立互信关系6.3 实例分析建立业务关系的介绍信跟进邮件和电话沟通达成合作的商务协议第七章：商业询盘与答复7.1 商业询盘的类型和内容了解商业询盘的种类和目的掌握商业询盘的主要内容和要素7.2 商业答复的写作技巧明确答复的格式和结构突出产品特点和优势注意事项和常见错误7.3 实例分析商业询盘的样本商业答复的样本询盘与答复的互动练习第八章：商业报价与议价8.1 报价单的组成和格式理解报价单的构成和要素掌握报价单的制作和排版8.2 报价策略和技巧分析市场需求和竞争状况制定合理的价格策略议价技巧和应对策略8.3 实例分析报价单的样本报价议价的邮件和电话沟通达成价格协议的商务谈判第九章：商业付款与交货9.1 付款方式的种类和选择了解国际贸易中的付款方式掌握信用证、TT、D/P等付款方式的优缺点9.2 交货方式和时间分析不同的交货方式和优缺点确定交货时间和地点9.3 实例分析付款方式的确认邮件交货方式和时间的协议货物运输和跟踪第十章：商业投诉与解决10.1 商业投诉的原因和类型分析商业投诉的常见原因和类型理解投诉的重要性和影响10.2 投诉处理的步骤和技巧掌握投诉处理的流程和关键环节运用有效的沟通技巧和解决方案10.3 实例分析商业投诉的信件和邮件投诉处理的回复和解决方案预防和改进措施的制定教学时间安排：每章内容的教学时间为2课时，共10课时。
商务英语写作教案
商务英语写作教案教案标题：商务英语写作教案教案概述：本教案旨在帮助学生提高商务英语写作能力，包括商务邮件、商务报告和商务文档等方面的写作技巧和实践。
通过本教案的学习，学生将能够准确、流畅地书写商务英语，提高沟通和表达能力，为日后的商务交流打下坚实的基础。
教学目标：1. 了解商务英语写作的基本原则和要求。
2. 学习商务英语写作的常用词汇和句型。
3. 掌握商务邮件、商务报告和商务文档的写作技巧。
4. 提高商务英语写作的准确性、流畅性和逻辑性。
教学内容和活动：1. 商务英语写作基本原则和要求的介绍（课堂讲解、讨论）。
2. 商务英语写作常用词汇和句型的学习（课堂练习、小组讨论）。
3. 商务邮件写作技巧的讲解和实践（范例分析、实际邮件撰写）。
4. 商务报告写作技巧的讲解和实践（范例分析、实际报告撰写）。
5. 商务文档写作技巧的讲解和实践（范例分析、实际文档撰写）。
6. 学生作业的批改和反馈（个别指导、集体讨论）。
教学资源：1. 商务英语写作教材和参考书籍。
2. 商务邮件、商务报告和商务文档的范例。
3. 电子邮件和文档处理软件。
评估方法：1. 课堂练习和小组讨论的参与度和表现评估。
2. 商务邮件、商务报告和商务文档的书写质量评估。
3. 学生作业的书写质量评估。
教学时间安排：本教案建议以10周为周期进行教学，每周2节课，每节课45分钟。
教学延伸：为了进一步提高学生的商务英语写作能力，建议学生进行实践项目，如模拟商务会议、商务谈判等，以实际应用所学知识和技巧。
同时，可鼓励学生参与商务英语写作比赛或活动，提升写作水平和自信心。
备注：本教案仅为示例，具体教学内容和活动可根据教学实际情况进行调整和修改。
商务英语写作课教案
商务英语写作课教案
课程概述
本课程旨在帮助学生提升商务英语写作能力，培养他们在商业环境中进行有效沟通的能力。
通过实践性的任务和练，学生将学会撰写商务信函、报告和提案，以满足实际职场需求。
研究目标
- 掌握商务英语写作的常用词汇和句型
- 学会撰写商务信函、报告和提案
- 培养有效的商务沟通技巧
- 提高写作表达的准确性和流畅性
- 发展批判性思维和分析能力
教学内容
第一课：商务信函的写作
- 商务信函的格式和结构
- 常用商务信函的写作技巧
- 商务信函的语言风格和表达方式
第二课：商务报告的撰写
- 商务报告的类型和要求
- 商务报告的结构和布局
- 商务报告的写作技巧和注意事项
第三课：商务提案的撰写
- 商务提案的目标和目的
- 商务提案的组织结构和内容要点
- 商务提案的语言和风格要求
教学方法
- 授课讲解：介绍商务英语写作技巧和要点
- 练任务：学生完成相关写作任务，如撰写商务信函、报告和提案
- 课堂讨论：学生分享写作经验和提供互相反馈
- 作业批改：对学生的作业进行评估和指导
评估方法
- 课堂参与度：学生在课堂上积极参与讨论和练
- 作业完成度：学生按时完成指定的写作任务
- 写作质量：对学生的商务写作作业进行评估，包括语言表达、思路逻辑和结构准确性
参考资料
- 《商务英语写作教程》
- 《商务英语写作指南》
- 相关商务英语写作网站和资源。
商务英语写作-教案
Chapter 1 Introduction to Business WritingI Teaching Objectives:Students will be able to1. Learn the functions and basic pattern of business writing;2. Aware the criteria for effective business writing;3. Master the effects of information-communication in business writing.4. Learn the basic patterns of business writingII Contents:1 Topic: An Overview of Business Writing2 Key words: functions criteria effects patterns3 Function: Understand why practical writing is so important and what business writing is.III Procedure:1.1 IntroductionQ: Why the ability to write effectively is a valuable business asset?♦ A great deal of business is transacted in writing.♦Effective business writers can promote good relations with customers, employees and the general public. Then they can help to increase their company‘s sales and profits.♦Proficiency in writing gives one a personal advantage in business; and contributes substantially to one‘s self-confidence.1.2 Functions of business writing★To inform: you explain something or tell readers something★To persuade or request: you want the reader to act. The word ―request‖ suggests that the action will be easy or routine; ―persuade ―suggests that you will have to motivate and convince the readers to act.★To entertain★To build goodwill: you create a good image of yourself and of your organization- the kind of image that makes people want to do business with you.Most messages have multiple purposes. When you answer a question, you‘re informing, but you also want to buil d goodwill by suggesting that you‘re competent and perceptive and that your answer is correct and complete. In a cla ims adjustment, whether your answer is yes or not, you want to suggest that the reader‘s claim has been given careful consideration and that the decision is fair, businesslike, and justified. Document Description of document Purpose(s) of documentQuotation Letter giving price for a specificproduct, fabrication(装配), or service Inform，build goodwill (price is reasonable)Claims adjustment Letter granting or denying customerrequest to be given credit for defectivegoodsInform, build goodwillJob description Description of qualifications and dutiesof each job. Used for performanceappraisals, setting salaries, and for hiringInform, persuade goodcandidates to apply; buildgoodwill (job duties matchlevel, pay) 10-K report Report filed with the Securities andExchange Commission (SEC) detailingfinancial information.informThank-you letter Letter to suppliers, customers, or otherpeople who have helped individuals orthe companyBuild goodwill1.3 Criteria for effective business writing (6 C‘s):♦ A successful business message: (1) the receiver interprets the msg as the sender intended it. (2) it achieves the sender‘s purposes.♦Six C‘s principles:Courtesy: treating people with respect and friendly human concern.Correctness: correct grammar, punctuation and spelling; choosing the correct level of language and using accurate information and data.Conciseness: to write in the fewest possible words without sacrificing completeness and courtesy.Clarity: short familiar words and simple short sentences are better.(your writings are totally understood) Concreteness: vivid, specific, definiteCompleteness: include all necessary information and dataBASIC FIVE CRITERIA:1. It‘s clear (Clarity). The meaning the reader gets is the meaning the writer intended. The reader doesn‘thave to guess.2. It‘s complete (Completeness). All of the reader‘s questions are answered. The reader has enoughinformation to evaluate the msg. and act on it.3. It‘s correct (Correctness). All of the information in the msg. is accurate. The msg. is free from errorsin punctuation, spelling, grammar, word order, and sentence structure.4. It saves the reader‘s time.---- (Conciseness) The style, organization, and visual impact of the msg.help the reader to read, understand, and act on the information as quickly as possible.5. It builds goodwill. The msg. presents a positive image of the writer and his or her organization. Ittreats the reader as a person, not a number. It cements [to make a relationship between people, countries, or organizations firm and strongcement a relationship/alliance]a good relationship between the writer and the reader.1.4 Adapting to modern changes in business writing (communicate effects)✧goodwill effects: It is desirable in letter[formal something that is desirable is worth having or doing]because: (1)for business reasons (2)It is the effect most of us want in our relations.✧other effects: sometimes ensure the success of business letters.(1)the techniques of persuasion(2)techniques that emphasize your qualification (3) play down the unwelcome part✧Achieving the desired effects, we can do the following:✓Conversational Style: warm and natural language✓Resisting Tendency to Be Formal: There is a misconception that big words and difficult words are preferred in business letters. They resulted in a cold and unnatural style—do not produce goodwill✓Avoiding the Old Language of Business: cold tone, formal language of law and flowery language of nobility.E.g.: Your letter of the 7th inst (-dated or fml commerce-instant (of this month));Please be advised to…;Wherein you state as per (根据) your letter;Thanking you in advance.✓You-viewpoint (you-attitude你式写法)---building goodwill: focus interest on the reader—for persuasion and for influencing people favorably—emphasize ―you‖ and ―your‖, de-emphasize ―we‖ and ―our‖—not just using second pronouns, but placing the reader in the center of things—Read your msg. over as if you were in your readers shoes. How would you feel if you received it?—avoid insincerity, obviously flattery, too chummy [friendly亲切的], avoid slang, clic hés, and ―in‖ jokes[shared by or appealing to a small group （小圈子内）分享的或感兴趣的: an in-joke一则内部笑话.].—using it for good goals.✓Accent on Positive Language: best for letter goals, put the reader in the right frame of mind; create the goodwill atmosphere.●You emphasize the positive when you:(1) Put positive information first, give it more space, or set it off visually in an indented[缩进的] list.(2) Eliminate negative words whenever possible.(3) Focus on what is possible, not what is impossible.✓Singling Out Your Reader: write for the reader‘s particular situation, and the reader gets individual treatment. ―We look forward to the possibility of sending our executives to you in the years ahead.‖✓Using the Reader‘s Names: It makes the reader feel that his/her ident ity as individual is recognized.---once or twice, not too often.✓Avoiding Anger: jeopardize goodwill—sarcasm, insult, exclamation; but when positive words have not brought desired results, negative words may be justified.1.5 Basic patterns of business writing:deductively[using the knowledge and information you have in order to understand or form an opinion about something]or inductively[using known facts to produce general principles] inductive argument是总结，归纳。
商务英语写作教案1
Unit OneⅠ. Teaching Objectives1.Let the students have a good understanding of business writing specifications andrequirements.2.Enable the students to enumerate the major steps of writhing process.Ⅱ. Teaching Difficulties1. The definition of some major terms and concepts related to business writing.EG: Expressive writingCommunicative writingBusiness writing2. Some techniques that are useful to solve possible writing problems.Ⅲ. Teaching MethodsDiscuss & TeachingⅣ. Teaching Periods4 periodsV. Teaching Content（1）The importance of business writing1. cost of poor communicationDifficult to read;Waste the reader’s time;May not produce the desired result2. benefits of good communicationSave time;Increase confidence;Increase efficiency and effectiveness;Build goodwill(2) Art of writing1. Purpose of the writer⊙expressive writing⊙communicative writing2. Style & Manner of writing⊙clarity⊙plain style⊙concision⊙rhetoric(3) Aspects of business writing(4) Business writing process1. planning2. researching3. organizing4. composing5. revising6. editing and proofreadingⅥ. Teaching AssignmentsKeys to In-class Exercise1T 2F 3T 4T 5T 6F 7T 8F 9T 10F 11F 12T 13F 14T 15T 16T 17T 18F 19T 20T Keys to After-class Exercise1.Expressive writing –Expressive writing is mainly concerned with academiclearning. It is personal and informal, employed to encourage comprehension and reflection on the part of the writer. Open-ended and creative, expressive writing isa good way to start learning about a topic. The process of writing –a restlesscycle of inquiry, composition, and revision – pushes students and learners toward the true goals of higher education: critical thinking, creativity, analysis, synthesis, and informed judgment. In this view, then, writing is primarily about thinking and learning, not showing off what you already know. If a writing task teaches you nothing, assignment has been a failure.municative writing–By contrast, communicative writing is analytic,formal and more or less impersonal. It presupposes that the writer already has considerable knowledge and understanding of the topic, and is writing to inform or to persuade a reader. It demands adherence to established conventions of tone, voice, diction, evidence, and citation; these conventions will vary according to discipline and type (e.g. memo, E-mail, business report, plan, and proposal, lab report, history paper, legal brief). Writers communicate their thoughts to others in writing via proper application of methods of Persuading and Informing.3.Business–According to the lexical definitions, the term of business coversoperations of all organizations, not just confined to the commercial organizations.Every organization or every business transaction (or dealing) requires communication –a phone call, meeting, letter, memo, oral presentation, formal report, contract, complaint or claim –and the success of the business dealings depends on the effectiveness of the oral and written communications. One of the clichés in business is that nothing happens until somebody sells something.Communication is central in business because it is central in life: it establishes relationships, and makes human organization possible.4.Business writing –It goes without saying that “business”covers an extremelybroad spectrum of entities and activities, and you probably also aware, at least intuitively, that “business writing”covers an equally broad spectrum of organizations and business activities. Therefore, when we talk about “business writing,” we’re talking about a great many different things. In other word, nobody reads business documents or writings for pleasure. Business writing differs from other writings in the following features:➢Purposeful–It solves problems, conveys information, calls for actions, records events and so on;➢Transactional (result-oriented) – Each writing or document must accomplish one specific task. If not, the writing is meaningless;➢Reader-oriented -- It focuses on the receiver, not the sender;➢Dynamic–Business writers are writing in the dynamic and changing business environments; and➢Economical – Time is money, and resources are limited. We must make full use of them, including time.5.Writing process –The writing process consists of series of steps (of planning,research, organization, composition, revision, editing & proofreading) carried out to complete a writing job in a definite order. It provides a framework to learn about business writing. Since writing is a recursive rather than linear business activities, it compels us to realize that writing is an ongoing, dynamic process.Indeed, a piece of writing is never really finished –it’s merely delivered to a deadline.Unit TwoⅠ. Teaching Objectives1.Let the students learn what resumes are, and how to formulate a quality resumefor themselves;2.Let the students study what resume cover letters are, and how to projectthemselves right in the right content format;3.Examine how to formulate other employment-related letters.Ⅱ. Teaching Difficultiesmon resume formats2.Essential contents of resumes3.The writing of Thank-you letter, Job rejection letter, Job acceptance letter andResignation letter.Ⅲ. Teaching MethodsTeaching & Writing PracticeⅣ. Teaching Periods6 periodsⅤ. Teaching Content(1) Resume Writing1. The definition of resumeA resume is a brief summary of one’s life history or the main events of his/her life, and gives a brief, factual summary of your qualifications beginning with the writer’s birth and listing his/her education background, work experience, professional accomplishments and hobbies.A shorter and more generic definition of resume is: resumes are the sum total of the reasons you give a prospective employer to hire you.2. Different meanings of the terms⊙Bio DataIt is a document containing the history of one’s professional and academic career, skills and goal sets.⊙The difference between a Curriculum Vita and a Resume3. Common Resume Formats⊙Chronological Resume⊙Functional Resume⊙Combination Resume⊙Targeted Resume4. Five primary goals of good resumeCut the clutterCatch the eyeSell your skillDirect the reader your wayGet you to the next step5. Essential Contents of a Resume⊙Identification (Personal Data)⊙Objective⊙Qualifications⊙Work experience⊙Achievements⊙Publications⊙References(2) Resume Cover Letter Writing1. The definition of a resume cover letterA resume cover letter introduces your resume and covers points that the resume does not. It is a well-written outline, with a brief summary of who you are and what you are doing, and what you want to do for the prospective employer.2. Types of Resume Cover Letter3. Content Format of a Resume CoverFirst Paragraph——Why you are writingMiddle Paragraph——What you have to offerConcluding Paragraph——How you will follow up(3) Other letters concerning employment1. Follow-up Letter2. Thank-you Letter3. Job Rejection Letter4. Job Acceptance Letter5. Resignation Letter6. Farewell LetterⅥ.Teaching AssignmentsKeys to In-class Exercise1F 2T 3T 4T 5T 6F 7F 8T 9T 10T11F 12T 13T 14T 15T 16T 17T 18T 19T 20TKeys to After-class Exercisemon resume formats –p.212.Essential contents of a resume - p.223.Resume objectives - p.234.Types of resume covering letters - p.255.Content format of a resume cover - p.266.Five important tips for writing a good cover letter p.27Ⅶ. Supplementary MaterialsUseful expressions related to resume cover letter writing:(1) Reference to advertisement1. I am writing in response to the position you advertised in the Nov. 9 issue of China Daily.2. I am interested in the post you advertised in yesterday’s China Daily.3. I am submitting my resume in response to your advertisement which was issued in Nov. 9.4. I should like to apply for the position of which you advertised in the Nov. 9 issue of China Daily.5. I read your advertisement …… with interest.6. I noted your advertisement for ….. in …..7. Your advertisement in ……. Seems a good match for my qualifications/ credentials/ background…8. I should very much like to be considered for the post of which was advertised in……9. I see from your advertisement in …… that ……10. The job which you described in your advertisement in the Nov. 9 issue of China Daily is one for which I think I can show you some excellent qualifications.11. I am looking for a job as ……, and would be grateful if you would consider me for such a post in your firm/ company./ university/ institute12. I am writing to inquiry about possible position as ……, my colleague/supervisor/friend……, suggested I contact you.(2) Brief summary of qualifications or credentials (with reference to position requirements)1.I am a graduate of …… with a degree in ……2.As you can see from my resume, I hold a degree in ……3.My qualifications include…..4.My strength is in ……(3) Enclosure explanation1.Please find enclosed my resume, which highlights…..2.Please review the enclosed resume.3.The enclosed resume will provide you with ……4.Enclosed is my resume which contains details of …..(4) Salary expectations (optional)1. My salary expectations are in the range between …and …2. My compensation requirements are in the $ … to $...(5) Request for response or contact information1.Thank you for your time and consideration, and I look forward to hearing fromyou shortly.2.I appreciate your consideration, and I look forward to the opportunity to have aninterview.3.Thank you for taking the time to review my resume.4.Should you be interested in my qualifications/ credentials/ background, I would bepleased to meet with you.5.I look forward to hearing from you and I do hope I shall have the opportunity ofan interview.6.I welcome the opportunity to talk to you at your earliest convenience.7.I can come for an interview at any time convenient to you.8.I can be reached by telephone/ E-mail/ ……Application for entry to a university.●I am writing to ask whether you could send me some information about youruniversity and for the application forms.●I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to dograduate/ postgraduate study in your university.Application for scholarships/ assistantships/ memberships●I am thinking of applying for the scholarship of your institute. I would begrateful if you would let me know how I should go about it.●I am writing to apply for membership of your club. Would you be kindenough to let me know the facilities you provide?●I should be pleased if you could let me have details of any teachingassistantships in electric engineering.●I should like to apply for one of the scholarships that your university may beoffering to students from other countries. Would you please send me the necessary application forms and any further details about the scholarships?Unit ThreeⅠ. Teaching Objectives1.Let the students have a general knowledge about the basics of business memo andletter writing.2.Discuss the writing qualities of message formation.3.Examine short document writings.Ⅱ. Teaching Difficulties1.The format of a business memo2.8 C’s for message formationClarity correctness concreteness completenessConsideration courtesy conciseness coherenceⅢ. Teaching MethodsTeaching & PracticeⅣ. Teaching Periods4 periodsⅤ. Teaching Content(1)Basics of Memos and Business Letters1. The definition of MemoA memo is a short note written as a reminder.2. Format of a business memo⊙Heading SegmentMemorandum/ MemoTO:FROM:DATE:SUBJECT:⊙Body SegmentOpening paragraphsDiscussing paragraphsClosing paragraph(2)The 8 C’s for message formation1.clarity2.correctness3.concretenesspleteness5.consideration6.courtesy7.conciseness8.coherence(3)Writing Short DocumentsⅥ. Teaching AssignmentsKeys to In-class Exercise1T 2F 3T 4F 5T 6T 7T 8T 9T 10TKeys to After-class Exercise1.Clarity - The baseline of workplace writing is clarity, particularly in internationalcommunications. Letters must be clear in what they say. Clarity is a presupposition for other prescriptions, and is stressed by management theorists, gurus and practitioners. It involves a conscientious effort to ensure that our writing to both internal and external customers is as dear and easy to understand as possible. All writing advice has boiled down to one sentence; be succinct.Keep your message short and to the point.Good writer build ideas from sentence to sentence. The simple declarative sentence is the easiest way to process information. Sentences that differ from that simple structure may cause readability problems. The trick is to use conversational tone for your business writing because language used in letters and emails was supposed to be modeled on everyday speech of well-educated person, without slipping into vulgarities.2.Correctness– Correctness is all about making it right. Letters filled with errorsare distracting. Readers get so distracted by misspelled words and poor grammar that they miss the point. If you send a letter that’s filled with mistakes, your real message is that you are sloppy and careless. So, correctness is primarily concerned with the mastery of English grammar. This is no surprise. With a clear understanding of the fundamentals of grammar, one has a solid base on which to continually refine one’s knowledge of grammar.Allied with this competence is the mastery of the mechanics of writing. Again,this is no surprise. The ability to form coherent sentences and paragraphs is essential for great writing. One can also develop powerful skills such as predominantly using action words, delimiting subject matter within each paragraph, editing one’s writing so it read smoothly, and so on.3.Concreteness –Concreteness is about making it concrete rather than abstract.Concrete and abstract patterns of language reflect an author’s word choice.Abstract words (for example, “wisdom,”“power,”“beauty”and “dedication”) refer to general ideas, qualities, or conditions. They represent an abstract or intangible concept. Concrete words name material objects and items associated with the five senses –words like “rock,”“computer,”“operating manual”and “basketball.” They are objects and substances that exist physically. Both abstract and concrete languages are useful in communicating ideas. Generally you should not be too abstract in business writing. It is best to employ concrete words, naming things that can be seen, touched, smelled, heard, or tasted in order to support generalizations, topic sentences, or more abstract idea.Abstractions may be interpreted somewhat differently from one reader to the next and therefore may not always be appropriate for business writing for external audiences. Concrete nouns, however, help to convey specific detail and communicate facts rather than impressions.pleteness - Your responsibility as a communicator is to plan, shape andassemble your outgoing message and information so that it will be complete. The opposite side of complete message and information is incomplete. Let’s assume in a case where your decision was made based the incomplete message and information, and then what would happen? You either mightn’t get there or suffered a loss because of poor, deficient, distorted information and message. A complete message or information prevents a poor impressions and unwanted outcome, and saves time for the reader. Unnecessary letters add up to unnecessary time and costs.5.Consideration – Consideration is all about adaptation (writing in you customers’shoes). The styles of a memo and letter should be adapted to the reader and the subject. To superiors it should be respectful and deferential; to inferiors, courteous; to friends, familiar; to relations, affectionate; to children, simple and playful. On important subjects it should be forcible and impressive; on lighter subjects, easy and sprightly; in condolence, tender and sympathetic; in congratulations, lively and joyous.At some point in our lives, most of us have received an angry letter. Your letters may have come from a jilted lover, an ex-spouse and an angry relative, a creditor.What did you feel after reading those angry letters? You may feel ashamed, guilty and threatened, right? In business, letters filled with angry, blaming statements will alienate your customers, suppliers, any neutral decision-makers, mediators, hearing officers, or judges. Sarcastic, threatening and intimidating letters will create negative emotions in your clients’ memory bank. So if you’re tempted to fire off a letter, you may trigger a negative sympathy factor among your customers. It won’t do good to you and your business at all.Remembering to consideration requires business writers to write to be understood, not to overwhelm. This means you need to express ideas in a fashion your readers can read quickly, understand, remember and act upon. Let’s put it another way.Keep your business writing conversational. Your business writing should sound as natural as a telephone conversation. That’s all business writing is –conversation on paper.In his book, “Talking Straight,”Lee Iacocca wrote, “write the way you talk. If you don’t talk that way, don’t write that way.”In school, you are told to use various academic paradigms to impress people with your vocabulary. In the workplace, you should tap your knowledge of business language skillfully to inform, to persuade or to communicate. You will be not writing for getting a grade, but for getting your desired business result. The trick is not to make people guess what you mean.6.Courtesy–Minding your manners not only matters in your oralcommunication but equally, if not more, important in the written communication.Courtesy is a writing quality of message in which the writer must show his/her own sincere, polite and gracious manners. Writing in the reader’s shoes is not enough if you don’t care about your image-building in the written message.Business writers should not take it for granted simply because your style and tone of oral and written message in the eyes of the reader really has a short-and-long effect in the reader’s mind. For instance, a text full of biased, rude, hostile, belligerent and threatening language may leave an indelible mark on its audience.Writers do not have luxury of treating casually any writing that they do. Words outlive actions. Thus, courtesy requires you to write polite, considerate and diplomatic “Mr. Manners” Letters, listing the problems but keeping you style and tone pleasant, professional and businesslike.7.Conciseness –Emails and letters must be concise. Brevity is highly desirable. Onthe other hand, the subject matter should determine length, and clarity, above all, should not be sacrificed for conciseness. As discussed above, we must first make our messages clear in what they say, and then consider making it concise.Conversely, concise and succinct language enhances clarity.Conciseness is all about methods of eliminating wordiness. Conciseness means you write and say in the fewest possible words without sacrificing the other C qualities. A concise message saves time and expenses for both sender and receiver.Conciseness contributes to emphasis and make important ideas stand out, and last longer.8.Coherence –Coherence is a quality in effective writing that results from thecareful ordering of each sentence in a paragraph and each paragraph in the paper.If an essay (the paragraph) is coherent, each part (each sentence) will grow naturally and logically from those parts (sentences) that come before it.Following careful chronological, logical, spatial, or sequential order is the most natural way to achieve coherence in writing. The main devices used in achieving coherence are transitions, which help to connect one thought with another.Unity is another quality of effective writing closely associated with coherence.These two qualities can’t fall apart simply because cohesive sentences and parts are not necessarily unified or consistent with the central idea in an essay. Unity isa feature in an essay whereby all material relates to a central concept andcontributes to the meaning of the whole. To achieve a unified effect in an essay, the writer must design an effective introduction and conclusion, maintain consistent tone or point of view, develop middle paragraph in a coherent, congruent, and consistent manner, and above all stick to the subject, never permitting unimportant or irrelevant elements to enter.Congruity is also closely allied with coherence in writing. Making your message congruent is about making it harmonious and flowing. You may have many great ideas, but present them poorly. Readers may have hard time get at it. Congruity requires business writers to develop their ideas, concepts and thoughts in 2 directions of efforts to be congruent. In one direction, we must admit that “thinking and language are linked together,” as Albert Einstein said. In “so-called abstract concepts, language becomes an instrument of reasoning in the true sense of the word. But it is also this development which turns language into a dangerous source of error and deception.”In the other direction, “we may conclude that the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language.” (Albert Einstein’s essay on The Common Language of Science).Consistency of purpose (COP) is the most important writing virtue because without COP you can’t practice any other virtues consistently. In other word, you can practice any virtue erratically, but nothing consistently without COP. Unless your organization uses a specific style manual for its written communications, the most important thing is to remain consistent, both within a particular document, and from document to document. Furthermore, business writers must connect their writing with the company’s mission, objectives, strategies and policies. For instance, a company declares itself as a customer-focused, quality-oriented and environment-friendly organization. But in reality, the company has never adopted procedures in writing and trained its employees for execution. This may only create mistrust among the publics.Ⅶ. Supplementary MaterialsBuilding Your Business Letters on “Skeletons”Business letters are not literary works. Many of writing conventions and rules students and learners have acquired during their studies of General English are not readily applicable in the corporate world. In fact, business writing is verbal “workhorses” with a purpose only to convey information, and what you want the reader to do with it, as quickly and clearly as possible.One of the writing strategies you can use is to deploy certain “Skeletons” or models or framework by making notes as if to yourself, and leads that guide your writing tasks. These notes and leads will come out in a direct style naturally, because you’re not intimidated or disquieted when writing to yourself. Don’t restrict yourself to a structure at this stage. Just write out everything you can think of that should gointo the letter.Now, match your notes to the sequence in one of the skeletons described below.Discard any notes that aren’t relevant.If you build up your letter along these lines you’ll find that your style is clear and straightforward, with no unnecessary adjectives, adverbs, business phrases such as “corporate speak”, clichés, red tape, or archaic language/legalist styles that some people are still using in business letters. Although our coverage is not complete, we believe that by noting these models and their special requirements, you will be able to adapt to any related situation not covered.M1 – 3-Step ModelThe letter writing in the 3-step mode (opener-body-close) is a conventional structure that sets the solid structural basis for business letter writing. The universally accepted 3-step model guides us to be engaged in the business letter writing in the following light.Opener(Star) –offers reasons and/or references why the letter is written. More specifically, a good star forces the writer to1.Design a sentence to catch the reader’s attention;2.Offer a reason and/or reference for the reader to read on;3.Make a smooth transition (including “buffer”) to the body content.Body (chain) – offers a chain of information, explanations, reasons, logic, emotional links that move readers from their first flicker of interest to the action. They are supposed to be the true “meat” of the business letter. A good chain answers readers’ questions, overcomes their objections, and involves them emotionally. The “meat” for the body of the letter includes, but not limited to, the following:rmation that readers will find useful;2.Explanations, reasons and logic (your selling points) that readers will findreasonable, logic and/or, at least, explorsible even if they do not buy, give, or agree to.Close (action knot)– offers conclusions and motivations for further actions and/or an action knot. The action knot in the business letter plays 4 roles of1.Telling your reader what to do:2.Offering a reason for acting promptly:3.Making the action sound easy:4.Ending with blended outcome:(Samples are omitted.)M2– 4-Step ModelThe 4-step model of business letter writing is developed and constructed by Dr.Joel P. Bowman, the co-author of Business English Writing. It’s a breakthrough, but it’s not a revolutionary one that turn the conventional model upside down. The 4-step model is more business process oriented that guides us to approach the business letter writing tasks tactically. Typically, the 4-step process would proceed as follows: In building up a business letter of making a claim1.Pace–定调(确定本信函的基调, 控制好节奏)I am writing to relate you to the unsatisfactory work you did for us last week.2.Lead–引领(提供信息、理由、解说，让读者明白本信函的中心点)As someone who has work with your company for over 3 years, were very disappointed to see the documents you produced for our latest ABC Company’s publicity campaign.3.Blended Outcome–创造/产生一种和谐的效果/结果As our written agreement stipulated, we expected full color leaflets with fancy explanatory texts, but instead, we found that black and white photos had been included in the prepared leaflets. I think you will agree that a communication problem exists.4.Motivate–激励/给予(做事的)动机We would like you to send out a photographer to provide us with the promised color coverage, or provide us with a refund.In replying the business letter of making an adjustment1.Pace –I was very disappointed to read your letter of xxxxx [date] dealing with the issueof incorrectly produced publicity leaflets.2.Lead –As someone who values your business, I have already begun to find a solution to resolve this problem.3.Blended Outcome–My top photographer will call you to arrange an appointment at your earliest possible convenience to re-take photos in full color.4.Motivate –Also, we will deduct another 5 percent of the bill for the misunderstanding. Thank you for your patience.M3 – 6-Step ModelSame as the 4-step process, the 6-step model would distinctively be:In building up a business letter of an outstanding account1 –Background提供/说明背景I see from our records that you were first invoiced for this amount four months agoand statements have been sent out to you each month since then2 –The sticky issue棘手的问题; 难题;议题This can’t go on, especially as you haven’t contacted us to discuss extending your credit3 –What I want to happen now你现在希望事情如何进展Pay up in the next seven days4 –Or else如行不通，你又如何或又有什么变通的办法We will be obliged to start legal proceedings against you5 –Sweetener增添对方采取行动的动力If you do pay up by return, we won’t take any information action and will restart your30 days’ credit as before6 –Next move接下来的行动/最后的提议Please contact me urgently and let me know what you intend to do Now, let’s say you were the recipient of the above letter and want to winkle out more。
商务英语写作电子教案 外贸英语函电
商务英语写作电子教案PPT 外贸英语函电一、教学目标1. 理解外贸英语函电的基本概念和重要性。
2. 掌握外贸英语函电的基本格式和常用表达。
二、教学内容1. 外贸英语函电的定义和作用2. 外贸英语函电的基本格式3. 外贸英语函电的常用表达三、教学方法1. 讲授法：讲解外贸英语函电的基本概念、格式和常用表达。
四、教学步骤1. 导入：介绍外贸英语函电的定义和作用，激发学生的学习兴趣。
2. 讲解：讲解外贸英语函电的基本格式和常用表达，让学生掌握基本知识。
五、教学评价1. 课堂参与度：观察学生在课堂上的发言和讨论情况，评估学生的参与度。
3. 小组合作：评估学生在小组合作中的表现，包括沟通、协调和合作能力。
教学资源：PPT、实际外贸英语函电案例、练习材料。
六、教学资源1. 教材：《商务英语写作》、《外贸英语函电》等。
2. 电子教案PPT：涵盖外贸英语函电的基本概念、格式和常用表达。
3. 实际案例：提供一些真实的外贸英语函电案例，供学生分析和练习。
4. 练习材料：提供一些练习题和模板，帮助学生巩固所学知识。
5. 在线资源：推荐一些相关的在线学习资源，如外贸英语函电模板、常用词汇等。
七、教学安排1. 课时：本课程共计32课时，每课时45分钟。
2. 教学进度：按照教案PPT的顺序进行教学，每节课讲解和练习相应的知识点。
3. 课堂活动：结合讲授法、案例分析法和练习法，引导学生积极参与课堂讨论和练习。
4. 作业布置：每节课布置相应的作业，要求学生巩固所学知识。
八、教学注意事项1. 针对学生的不同水平，适当调整教学内容和难度。
2. 鼓励学生多开口说英语，提高他们的口语表达能力。
4. 及时给予学生反馈，帮助他们发现和纠正错误。
九、教学拓展1. 组织学生参加商务英语写作比赛，提高他们的写作水平。
2. 邀请外贸公司的专业人士来讲座，分享实际工作经验和技巧。
3. 组织学生参观外贸公司，了解外贸业务流程和函电应用。
4. 推荐学生参加相关的商务英语培训课程，提高他们的综合商务英语能力。
商务英语商务信函写作 - 教案
教案商务英语商务信函写作教案1引言1.1教学背景1.1.1商务英语的重要性1.1.2商务信函在商务沟通中的地位1.1.3课程目的与学习意义1.1.4教学对象与预期效果2知识点讲解2.1商务信函的基本结构2.1.1信头、日期、称呼2.1.2、结束语、签名2.1.3附件、抄送、注释等附加信息2.1.4商务信函的语言特点与风格3教学内容3.1商务信函的种类与用途3.1.1询盘信、报价信、订单信3.1.2催款信、投诉信、道歉信3.1.3邀请函、感谢信、祝贺信3.1.4其他特殊用途的商务信函3.2商务信函写作技巧3.2.2商务信函的常见错误与避免方法3.2.3提高商务信函写作效率的工具与资源3.2.4商务信函的格式与排版要求3.3实际案例分析与应用3.3.1分析经典商务信函案例3.3.3商务信函写作的反馈与改进3.3.4商务信函写作的测试与评估教案商务英语商务信函写作教案4教学目标4.1知识与技能目标4.1.1掌握商务信函的基本结构与格式4.1.2学会不同类型商务信函的写作方法4.1.3提高商务英语写作能力与沟通技巧4.2过程与方法目标4.2.1通过案例分析，理解商务信函的写作特点4.2.2通过模拟练习，提升商务信函写作的实际应用能力4.2.3通过小组讨论，增强商务沟通与团队协作能力4.2.4通过反馈与评估，不断改进商务信函写作技巧4.3情感态度与价值观目标4.3.1培养学生对商务英语写作的兴趣与热情4.3.2增强学生对商务沟通重要性的认识4.3.3培养学生严谨、专业的商务写作态度4.3.4提升学生的跨文化商务沟通意识与能力5教学难点与重点5.1教学难点5.1.1商务信函的语言风格与用词准确性5.1.2商务信函的结构布局与逻辑表达5.1.3不同类型商务信函的写作技巧与要点5.1.4商务信函写作中的常见错误与纠正方法5.2教学重点5.2.1商务信函的基本结构与格式要求5.2.2商务信函写作的核心技巧与策略5.2.3商务信函写作的实际应用与案例分析5.2.4商务信函写作的反馈与评估方法6教具与学具准备6.1教具准备6.1.1多媒体教学设备6.1.2商务信函写作教材与案例集6.1.3商务英语写作参考书籍与工具书6.1.4商务信函写作模板与范文6.2学具准备6.2.1笔记本电脑或平板电脑6.2.2商务信函写作练习本与文具6.2.3商务英语词典与翻译工具6.2.4小组讨论与互动所需的辅助材料7教学过程7.1导入与预热7.1.1通过实际商务情境引入商务信函写作主题7.1.2回顾与复习商务英语写作的基础知识7.1.3引导学生分享对商务信函写作的理解与经验7.1.4提出本节课的教学目标与学习重点7.2知识讲解与案例分析7.2.1详细讲解商务信函的基本结构与格式要求7.2.2通过案例分析，解析不同类型商务信函的写作技巧7.2.3引导学生参与讨论，深入理解商务信函的语言风格与用词7.2.4强调商务信函写作中的常见错误与避免方法7.3练习与应用7.3.1分发商务信函写作练习材料，指导学生进行模拟练习7.3.2组织小组讨论，促进学生之间的交流与协作7.3.3提供实时反馈与指导，帮助学生改进写作技巧7.4.1回顾本节课的学习内容与重点7.4.2组织学生进行商务信函写作的测试与评估7.4.3提供详细的反馈与评价，指导学生进一步改进7.4.4鼓励学生持续练习与提升商务信函写作能力教案商务英语商务信函写作教案8板书设计8.1教学内容概览8.1.1商务信函写作的步骤与要点8.1.2商务信函的结构与格式8.1.3商务信函写作的案例分析8.2重点知识讲解8.2.1商务信函的开头与结尾8.2.2商务信函的结构与内容组织8.2.3商务信函的语言风格与用词8.3教学活动安排8.3.1小组讨论与互动环节8.3.2商务信函写作练习与反馈8.3.3商务信函写作的测试与评估9作业设计9.1基础练习9.1.2分析并改写提供的商务信函案例9.1.3完成商务信函写作的语法与用词练习9.2综合应用9.2.2小组合作，进行商务信函写作的互评与反馈9.2.3搜集并分析不同类型的商务信函案例9.3拓展阅读9.3.1阅读商务英语写作相关的书籍与文章9.3.2观看商务英语写作的教学视频与讲座9.3.3参与在线商务英语写作的讨论与交流10课后反思及拓展延伸10.1教学效果评估10.1.1学生对商务信函写作的理解与掌握程度10.1.2学生在商务信函写作中的进步与存在的问题10.1.3教学方法与活动的设计效果评估10.2教学改进与拓展10.2.1针对学生的反馈与表现，调整教学策略与方法10.2.2引入更多实际商务情境，增强教学的实用性10.2.3开展商务英语写作的竞赛与交流活动，激发学生的学习兴趣重点关注环节补充说明：教学难点与重点章节（5）中的“商务信函的语言风格与用词准确性”需要重点关注。
《商务英语写作》电子教案
《商务英语写作》电子教案Part One Business English & Business EnglishWriting PrinciplesUnit 1What & How to Learn in Business English我们学生学习商务英语，往往不知怎样学，学什么很迷茫。
下面，我们就着重谈一谈怎样学习商务英语这一问题。
一、掌握商务英语语汇句型，熟悉商务英语篇章既然商务英语包括众多的领域，那么，学习者该从哪些方面人手呢?有些商务英语学习者参加了正规院校的商务英语课程或参加过社会力量办学的商务英语短期课程的学习，但仍觉得对商务英语了解甚少。
有的学生参加商务英语课程只是为了参加BEC这样的商务英语考试。
考试通过获得了合格证书，他们仍然觉得还没有入商务英语的门。
这种现象非常普遍。
有的学生尽管拿到了BEC考试证书，通过的级别也高，但是，在实际的国际商务活动中仍然感到力不从心，其主要原因就是商务英语基础不牢，国际商务的有关知识贫乏。
所以，学习商务英语首先要从英语语言基础入手，由于商务英语涉及到英语的听、说、读、写、译，商务英语学生必须在这些方面有一定的基础。
提高听、说、读、写、译水平最根本的办法就是要掌握尽可能多的商务英语词汇、短语、句型和商务英语习惯表达法。
商务英语的学生都有一定的英语基础，但对有关商务的词汇、短语、句型掌握得不多，对商务英语语篇不熟悉，因此，首先应该从商务英语词汇等方面开始。
下面，就让我们来看一看商务英语词汇等方面的特点。
1、商务英语词汇英语词汇多达几十万，并且词语表义较为灵活，对上下文的依赖也较大。
如，“board”一词，本义为“木板”，但在不同上下文中，可以表示“车”、“船”、“伙食”、“会议桌”、“委员会”等。
而在商务英语中，“board”往往用来表示“董事会”，如，“chairman or president of the board”（董事会主席或董事长）；或者，它经常用在FOB (Free on Board，离岸价，船上交货价)价格术语中，意思是“船”。
商务英语写作电子教案中国财政经济出版社教育分社
一则单证不符遭受开证行拒付的例子
❖
外商与中方一外贸公司签订一份购买自行车链条（bicycle
chains）的合同。合同签订后外商按时开来信用证，信用证中
货物名称这一项内容记载为“chains”。中方公司按信用证的时
限装船出运货物，承运人出具的B/L上显示装运货物为
“bicycle chains”。开证行收到单据后来电表示拒付。开证行
信用证的种类－－议付信用证
1. 限制议付信用证：“本信用证限定 x x 银行议付。” （Negotiation under this credit are restricted to x x Bank.） 2. 自由议付信用证：“凡根据本信用证并按其所列条款而 开具的汇票向我行提示并交出本证规定的单据者，我行同 意对其出票人、背书人及善意持有人履行付款义务。” （We hereby agree with the drawers, endorsers and bona-fide holders of the drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms of this credit that such drafts shall be duly on due presentation and delivery of documents as herein specified.）
一则单证不符遭受开证行拒付的例子
❖ 根据《UCP600》第14条e款的规定：除商业发票外，其 他单据中的货物、服务或履约行为的描述，如果有的话，可 使用与信用证中的描述不矛盾的概括性用语。
❖ 其实该项条款有两层意思：一是除发票外的其他单据可 以用与信用证要求不相矛盾的货名作表述；二是这种表述上
《商务英语写作》课程教学设计方案
《商务英语写作》课程教学设计方案 2022. 一、课程概况（课程的性质与目的、教学对象） 本课程是中央广播电视大学专科英语专业商务英语方向的限选课程，供英语专 业的专科学生学习。 本课程是商务英语专业方向的基础课程，培养学生掌握商务英语写作的基础知 识，商务英语书信的基本格式和写作技能，了解主要的商务英语写作类型，提 高商务英语书面表达能力，为毕业后成为适应社会需要的应用型涉外商务工打 下良好的基础。 通过学习有关商务活动的实用语言材料和实际操练，学生应能独立撰写一般的 英语商务函件（包括电子邮件等）和简单的业务报告，意思表达清楚，用词比 较准确，无重大语法错误。 通过学习，学生应进一步提高基本的听、读、说、写、译的能力。 同时，本课程还通过提供一些英语国家的文化背景知识、现代技术知识和实用 工作技能，帮助学生提高语言的实际应用能力。 二、 教材说明和教材内容 “商务英语写作”总学时为 72 学时，每周 4 个学时，一学期完成，共 4 学分。 主要教学内容为《商务英语写作》第 1－16 章。 本课程的教学媒体是文字主教材与辅导教材。文字主、辅教材合一型：《商务英 语写作》（外语教学与研究出版社，2022 年 12 月第 1 版）教材名：《朗文商务致
第 1 页 共 42 页
胜英文书信》，：Graham T. Bilbo. 用书年级、专业：０２／０３英语。 主教材《商务英语写作》共 16 个学习单元，每单元分为 6 个部分，每个部分都 由简介、个案研究、文体范例、措辞和结构、写作方法与策略和练习六部分组 成。 主教材内容分为两部分内容：第一部分为写作指南，帮助学生解决撰写英语商 务信件时遇到的一些最常见的问题；第二部分全面介绍商务英语写作中所使用 的主要书信类型、便笺、商务报告、会议记录、传真和电子邮件等文体。 教材提供了大量的英语范例及其中文解释，并安排了大量练习，实际操练商务 英语的写作技能。 主教材每单元的学习量约为４学时。 具体教学内容主要包括： 一、商业书信的写作基础 书信的格式 书信的文体 书信的语气 语言纵览 标点符号 拼写 构思和检查 二、商业书信写作
商务英语写作电子教案
Chinese Version of the Text
写作规则
在写商业书信时，应注意以下规则：
清楚(确保能将自己的思想清晰地表达出来；不应 存在模糊的、易引起误解的语句。) 简洁(一封好的商业书信应该是明确的、直截了当 的；内容简洁而不失清楚。) 婉转客气(在信中表达出你的友情及诚挚之情。说 话的语气同样重要，要表现出你的说服力、自信及坚定 的态度。)
商务英语写作>>Unit One Business Letter
Chinese Version of the Text
介绍
信息交流是商业活动的基础，没有信息交流，商业活动将无从谈 起。而书信则是交流中最常见的方式，因此也是商业活动中极为重要 的部分。通常，商业书信由七部分或八部分组成。 信头或公司地址 日期 封内地址 称呼(称呼是一种礼貌性的问候。如果可能，称呼对方的姓名； 如果不知道对方的姓名，则以“尊敬的先生/夫人”开头。) 正文 结尾谦称 签名 附件(如果随信附有其他东西，注明“内附”以引起对方的注 意。)
Enquiries Offers and Counter Offers Orders Entering into a Contract Payment Letters of Credit Shipment Insurance Complaints and Claims
Unit One
Business Letter
商务英语写作>>Unit One Business Letter
Useful Information
Forms of Business Letters — Blocked Form
《商务英语写作》电子教案-2.doc
Part Two Basic Requirem ents for BusinessWritingUnit 1Functions & Essential Qualities of Business Writing1. Functions of Business WritingGenerally speaking, the functions of business writing are: (1) to inform, (2) to influence and (3) to entertain.1.1. The First Function—To InformMessages to inform are used to convey the large amount of information needed to complete the day-to-day operations of the business, such as explaining instructions to employees, announcing meetings, acknowledging orders, accepting contracts. The major purpose of most of these messages is to have the receiver understand a body of information and concentrate on the logical presentation of the content.1.2. The Second Function—To InfluenceA business message must also influence the readers* attitudes and actions. These messages might include letters promoting a product or service and seeking support for ideas and worthy causes presented to supervisors, stockholders, customers/clients, and others.1.3. The Third Function—To EntertainTo secure the desired response, it is necessary to have an adequate knowledge of the English language and an understanding of human nature. The writer should have an acquaintance with the particular interest and, if possible, the emotions of the reader. It seems easy enough, for example, to ask payment of a bill, but it is quite difficult to secure payment without offending the reader and losing his or her future patronage. No communication is wholly successful unless it retains the reader's goodwill.2. Essential Qualities of Business WritingEffective business writing has five characteristics, which can be summed up in the Five C's, i.e. 1 )Correctness; 2) Clearness;3) Completeness; 4) Conciseness and 5) Courteousness.2.1. CorrectnessCorrectness means using standard grammar and spelling. It means choosing suitable stationary and a format acceptable for the situation.It means avoiding obvious erasures or corrections. Certainly, it means choosing the exact word, selecting the appropriate sentence structure, and creating careful paragraphs. Above all, it means accuracy of facts and figures. In short, every effort should be made to ensure the correctness of business messages in all respects.2.2 ClearnessClearness is the keynote of the other four characteristics. Clarity relates most directly to the effectiveness of business writing. A business message does not fulfill its function if its reader does not understand it. So a business message must be clear so that it will be understood the first time it is read.You achieve clarity by thinking before you write, by defining your purpose and by using clear, plain language, avoiding jargon and fancy words. They will only conceal the meaning of the message. Don't puzzle your reader with long, involved sentences and make sure that what you have written cannot be misunderstood. But you should include necessary details for the reader to understand the subject completely. Inclusion of pertinent information is necessary to make the meaning clear. Good, straightforward, simple English is what is needed for business writing.a. CompletenessIn addition to clarity, business message must be complete. Completeness refers to providing enough information so that the intention of the message is understood by the reader. Business writing that leaves out necessary essential information invariably leads to extra work, extra letters, extra memos --- hence extra cost ---to add information that should have been included in the original.The businessman who forgets to include any relevant details in his message will make a poor impression on his reader. An incomplete message is almost worse than none. Exclusion of pertinent information is exasperating. Compare the following notices: Incomplete: All sales representatives will meet at 9:00 on Monday. Complete: All sales representatives will meet at 9:00 on Monday, February 27, in Conference Room C.Be Sure you include all the details that will be needed by the reader of your message. Say every thing that must be said but do not waste your reader's time.b. ConcisenessConciseness is the soul of business writing. In a business message every word counts and every sentence carries the message. Business people receive many messages every day. If you overburden them with unduly long expressions and tire their eyes with excess words, they might just toss your message in the nearby wastebasket.To make your message as concise as possible, you must:4. get to the heart of the message immediately and stick to the point. For example, instead of saying "I would like to take this opportunity to", begin with the information you want to convey.5. Strike out extra words and omit words that repeat. Never use several words when you can say the same thing with a single word. For instance, the words underlined can be omitted in the following, during the year of 1 994costs the sum of full and complete details6. Avoid phrases that say nothing, such as "I think", "I feel" and "I believe", for your reader will know that the message contains your thoughts, feelings, or beliefs.7. Use simpler constructions to save the reader's time. Use a word instead of a phrase and a phrase instead of a clause for the same thing.8. Discuss each point in a separate paragraph. Business writing can be made clearer, easier to read and more attractive to look at by careful paraphrasing. A paragraph for each point is a good rule. Be concise without sacrificing courtesy.c. CourteousnessFinally, business message must show courteousness. People respond positively to those who treat them with respect and kindness. Nothing can tak e the place of words like "please" and “thank you". It should be remembered, however, that true courtesy requires more than the use of polite words and phrases. For instance, timely information with the desire to be helpful and useful is a genuinely courteous message. It will please your customer who dislikes waiting for a long time before he gets a reply to his inquiry. A friendly and sincere tone transmits courteousness and opens the way to the pleasant transaction of business.You may list other attributes of effective writing (creativeness). But if you can master the above mentioned Five C*s: correctness, clarity, completeness, conciseness and courteousness, you'll be a competent writer of business messages.ExerciseRewrite the worn-out, trite and wordy phrases in the following sentences with fresh, more concise ones.b. In the event that we cannot meet the deadline, we will refund your money.c. We are reluctant to commit to that date due to the fact that our plant closes for vacation July 4—11.d. It is not within our power to obtain the letter he has in his possession.e. We will write to you at an early date.f. We will furnish all the required documents.g. Consequent upon the changes made, you will be in charge of the general office.h. We are in receipt of your remittance in the sum of US $ 7890.i. We hope to receive your catalogue by return mail. Thanking in advance.j. We have duly received your order No. 68 dated March 5, for which please accept our thanks.Read the following letter and tell what is used by the writer to achieve accuracy.Dear Sirs,Sub. Children's Leather ShoesWe have received your letter of March 12, 2003 and the enclosure requesting quotes for the captioned shoes.As requested, we are submitting our quotation in triplicate and are anxious for your placing your orders with us as early as possible because we have a large backlog.We await your decision.Yours faithfully,Unit 2Basic Writing SkillsSimply learning the Five C's does not make you a skilled business writer. To master the Five C's or to be able to write business messages containing all these characteristics, you must study business writing techniques or skills and practice them. Needless to say, good English is the important foundation of the writing skills we discuss.1. Create an Appropriate ToneTone may be defined as the overall impression or feeling a message conveys to its reader. In writing business messages you should match tone to purpose. Try to strike a balance between being formal and being familiar. Be confident, but not aggressive. Be courteous but not stuffy. Try to sound natural without becoming too chummy. Try to create a friendly and sincere tone so that your readers will understand that you sincerely wish to be of service. Your purpose in writing is to persuade them to agree with you. Therefore, adopt a tone that will allow you to be convincing. Remember what is said is often not as significant as how it is said. Compare:a. We received our order No. CL 81 8 yesterday. But when we turned on the machine, it did not work. Because of this badexperience, we doubt your company*s ability to make high quality products. (Angry tone)b. I am writing with reference to order No. CL 818 which we received yesterday. When we turned on the machine, it did not work. It seems that the machine was not tested before dispatch. Please let us know what you intend to do in this matter. (Better tone)(When turning down an offer)Unfortunately, we got a better offer. (Poor tone)We were pleased to receive your offer, but ... (Better tone) From the above examples, you can see clearly how a poor tone can offend your reader.2. Cultivate the "You*' AttitudeEffective business writing should show "you", the reader, what the writer can do for "you'*--- how "yoiT will profit and why. The business message written from the point of view of the reader is known as the "you” attitude. If you can see things from the point of view of your reader and express your ideas in terms of his experience, you can most readily create an appropriate tone and produce a favorable impression. Therefore, the purpose of the message will be achieved. Employ the "you” attitude and stay away from the "I” attitude by emphasizing such words as “you二"your” and “yours”，to make your message more effective. For example,The "I" attitude: I need a lot of information on the way business people react to the current crises in our colleges, and I selected you and some others to send this questionnaire to because your names were mentioned in the newspapers.The "You” attitude: You and several other promine nt business people were recently quoted in the newspapers concerning the current crises in our colleges and your comments so interested me that I decided to send this questionnaire to you.3 Consider the Level of DictionDiction may be defined as the manner or style of expression. Generally, there are four levels of diction: learned, popular, colloquial, and slang.While there are special times and places for all these levels, you will generally choose the popular level of diction for your business writing. Popular diction is the language used by the mass media: TV, radio and newspapers. These are the words most often used in business world.Business people have given up the stiff, formal and obsequious style of past generations in favor of the natural, conversational, unpretentious and inconspicuous modern style. The old-fashioned business language which made use of many ornate, formal phraseshas become obsolete.Arranging plain English words in concise sentences that say clearly what you mean will leave a favorable impression.Select the Appropriate Writing StyleEssentially, two writing styles can be created: the personal and impersonal.The personal writing style places emphasis on the person who will receive the message, to create the "you" attitude. Since many business messages are written to assure a certain action on the partof the reader (whether it's buying from your company or granting youa credit), the personal style is preferred. You should use this style in memos, letters, and some kinds of reports, those in which you want the reader to feel a part of your activities.The impersonal writing style is used when more distance is needed in a message. For example, job descriptions, policy statements and many reports.Personal style is characterized by the use of first and second person pronouns "I, we, us, ours, you, yours'* and so forth. The impersonal can be created in three ways: (a) the use of the impersonal pronoun “one” (This is seldom used in business because of its formality); (b) the use of third person pronouns: "he, she, their, its" and so on, and (c) the use of job titles such as electrical engineer, sales representative and so on.One final point should be made about writing styles: do not mix the two. The result will sound garbled: friendly one moment, detached the next.Outline and Organize the Material Before WritingIf you want your writing to be clear and easy to follow, you should decide what you are going to say before you start to write. You can'tlet your readers get confused when you move from one point to the next or when you change the direction of your ideas. In other words, your message should be so well organized that there is unity and coherence in it. A good method to achieve unity and coherence is to make a mental or written outline before writing. There are two basic patterns to follow in organizing your ideas.Two basic patterns of organizationTwo basic patterns of organization are available for outlining ideas: inductive and deductive.Inductive organization is also known as the indirect pattern outline that means beginning with the specific facts that are obvious and movingto a general conclusion. The following example shows how this pattern functions.Facts: a. Today, the outdoor temperature is 33. b: The temperature in my office today is 30. c. No air is circulating in my office.Conclusion: The air-conditioner in my office isn't functioning today. Deduction organization is also called the direct pattern outline. This pattern begins with a conclusion, and works backward to try to find the facts on which the conclusions are based. For the same situation, the deductive pattern would be:Conclusion: The air-conditioner in my office isn't functioning today because ...Facts: a. No air is circulating in my office.The temperature in my office today is 30.Today, the outdoor temperature is 33.There are many variations of the inductive and deductive patterns: the cause/effect development, the problem/solution development, the com parison/contrast development and so on. Here, we won5t analyze which pattern or which variation we will use. We simply know that for certain types of information, one pattern or variation is better than the other. For example, favorable messages follow the deductive or direct method, while unfavorable messages use inductive or indirect method. Be aware of the two basic patterns and variations and choose a suitable one in organizing your ideas to assure that your reader will understand how each idea relates to the others in your message.Careful paragraphingOnce you have decided on a pattern of organization for your message, you must construct paragraphs carefully. Clear paragraphing promotes comprehension and is particularly necessary when a message deals with a number of things. Good paragraphing is easy to master. Essentially, a paragraph should contain only one main, complete idea. A topic subheading or the initial sentence usually indicates the principal idea. Each sentence in the paragraph should contribute to the main idea. Short paragraphs are preferable. But avoid too many short, jerky paragraphs.ExerciseImprove the following sentences:Mr. Smith wrote to Mr. Wang that he had received his order.We have duly received your order, for which please accept our thanks.We have ordered the goods, and they will be received by us in two weeks.We hope to receive your catalogue by return mail. Thanking you in advance.Your letter of recent date to hand and contents noted with thanks. We shall appreciate a line from you at an earliest date.。
【优选推荐】商务英语写作全套教案
Business English Writing
Chapter 1 Business English Writing: Classifications and Principles Business Communication Writing Principles ——8C Principles I. Business Communication What is Communication? What is Business Communication? Objectives of Business Communication Classification of Business Communication 1. Definition of Communication Communication is the sending and receiving of information, ideas, attitudes and emotions― either verbal or nonverbal ― that produce a response between people. 2. Business communication is the communication which takes place in the business field. 3. Objectives of Business Communication 1) To be understood exactly as we intended; 2) To secure a desired response to what we communicate; 3) To build up and develop goodwill between the sender and receiver of the message. 4. Classification of Communication 1) Downward Communication is from superiors to subordinates, from bosses to employees, from decision-makers to operating personnel. 2) Upward Communication is the opposite flow of downward communication. Messages from the bottom move up through many stages until they reach the top. 3) Horizontal Communication is the exchange flows between or among organizational units on the same hierarchical level.
商务英语写作教案1
Unit OneⅠ. Teaching Objectives1.Let the students have a good understanding of business writing specifications andrequirements.2.Enable the students to enumerate the major steps of writhing process.Ⅱ. Teaching Difficulties1. The definition of some major terms and concepts related to business writing.EG: Expressive writingCommunicative writingBusiness writing2. Some techniques that are useful to solve possible writing problems.Ⅲ. Teaching MethodsDiscuss & TeachingⅣ. Teaching Periods4 periodsV. Teaching Content（1）The importance of business writing1. cost of poor communicationDifficult to read;Waste the reader’s time;May not produce the desired result2. benefits of good communicationSave time;Increase confidence;Increase efficiency and effectiveness;Build goodwill(2) Art of writing1. Purpose of the writer⊙expressive writing⊙communicative writing2. Style & Manner of writing⊙clarity⊙plain style⊙concision⊙rhetoric(4) Business writing process1. planning2. researching3. organizing4. composing5. revising6. editing and proofreadingⅥ. Teaching AssignmentsKeys to In-class Exercise1T 2F 3T 4T 5T 6F 7T 8F 9T 10F11F 12T 13F 14T 15T 16T 17T 18F 19T 20TKeys to After-class Exercise1.Expressive writing – Expressive writing is mainly concerned with academic learning. It ispersonal and informal, employed to encourage comprehension and reflection on the part of the writer. Open-ended and creative, expressive writing is a good way to start learning abouta topic. The process of writing –a restless cycle of inquiry, composition, and revision –pushes students and learners toward the true goals of higher education: critical thinking, creativity, analysis, synthesis, and informed judgment. In this view, then, writing is primarily about thinking and learning, not showing off what you already know. If a writing task teaches you nothing, assignment has been a failure.municative writing– By contrast, communicative writing is analytic, formal and moreor less impersonal. It presupposes that the writer already has considerable knowledge and understanding of the topic, and is writing to inform or to persuade a reader. It demands adherence to established conventions of tone, voice, diction, evidence, and citation; these conventions will vary according to discipline and type (e.g. memo, E-mail, business report, plan, and proposal, lab report, history paper, legal brief). Writers communicate their thoughts to others in writing via proper application of methods of Persuading and Informing.3.Business– According to the lexical definitions, the term of business covers operations of allorganizations, not just confined to the commercial organizations.Every organization or every business transaction (or dealing) requires communication –a phone call, meeting, letter, memo, oral presentation, formal report, contract, complaint or claim – and the success of the business dealings depends on the effectiveness of the oral and written communications. One of the clichés in business is that nothing happens until somebody sells something. Communication is central in business because it is central in life: it establishes relationships, and makes human organization possible.4.Business writing –It goes without saying that “business”covers an extremely broadspectrum of entities and activities, and you probably also aware, at least intuitively, that “business writing” covers an equally broad spectrum of organizations and business activities.Therefore, when we talk about “business writing,”we’re talking about a great manyBusiness writing differs from other writings in the following features:➢Purposeful– It solves problems, conveys information, calls for actions, records events and so on;➢Transactional(result-oriented) –Each writing or document must accomplish one specific task. If not, the writing is meaningless;➢Reader-oriented -- It focuses on the receiver, not the sender;➢Dynamic–Business writers are writing in the dynamic and changing business environments; and➢Economical – Time is money, and resources are limited. We must make full use of them, including time.5.Writing process –The writing process consists of series of steps (of planning, research,organization, composition, revision, editing & proofreading) carried out to complete a writing job in a definite order. It provides a framework to learn about business writing. Since writing is a recursive rather than linear business activities, it compels us to realize that writing is an ongoing, dynamic process. Indeed, a piece of writing is never really finished –it’s merely delivered to a deadline.Unit TwoⅠ. Teaching Objectives1.Let the students learn what resumes are, and how to formulate a quality resume forthemselves;2.Let the students study what resume cover letters are, and how to project themselves right inthe right content format;3.Examine how to formulate other employment-related letters.Ⅱ. Teaching Difficultiesmon resume formats2.Essential contents of resumes3.The writing of Thank-you letter, Job rejection letter, Job acceptance letter and Resignationletter.Ⅲ. Teaching MethodsTeaching & Writing PracticeⅣ. Teaching Periods6 periodsⅤ. Teaching Content(1) Resume WritingA resume is a brief summary of one’s life history or the main events of his/her life, and gives a brief, factual summary of your qualifications beginning with the writer’s birth and listing his/her education background, work experience, professional accomplishments and hobbies.A shorter and more generic definition of resume is: resumes are the sum total of the reasons you give a prospective employer to hire you.2. Different meanings of the terms⊙Bio DataIt is a document containing the history of one’s professional and academic career, skills and goal sets.⊙The difference between a Curriculum Vita and a Resume3. Common Resume Formats⊙Chronological Resume⊙Functional Resume⊙Combination Resume⊙Targeted Resume4. Five primary goals of good resumeCut the clutterCatch the eyeSell your skillDirect the reader your wayGet you to the next step5. Essential Contents of a Resume⊙Identification (Personal Data)⊙Objective⊙Qualifications⊙Work experience⊙Achievements⊙Publications⊙References(2) Resume Cover Letter Writing1. The definition of a resume cover letterA resume cover letter introduces your resume and covers points that the resume does not. It is a well-written outline, with a brief summary of who you are and what you are doing, and what you want to do for the prospective employer.2. Types of Resume Cover Letter3. Content Format of a Resume CoverMiddle Paragraph——What you have to offerConcluding Paragraph——How you will follow up(3) Other letters concerning employment1. Follow-up Letter2. Thank-you Letter3. Job Rejection Letter4. Job Acceptance Letter5. Resignation Letter6. Farewell LetterⅥ.Teaching AssignmentsKeys to In-class Exercise1F 2T 3T 4T 5T 6F 7F 8T 9T 10T11F 12T 13T 14T 15T 16T 17T 18T 19T 20TKeys to After-class Exercisemon resume formats –p.212.Essential contents of a resume - p.223.Resume objectives - p.234.Types of resume covering letters - p.255.Content format of a resume cover - p.266.Five important tips for writing a good cover letter p.27Ⅶ. Supplementary MaterialsUseful expressions related to resume cover letter writing:(1) Reference to advertisement1. I am writing in response to the position you advertised in the Nov. 9 issue of China Daily.2. I am interested in the post you advertised in yesterday’s China Daily.3. I am submitting my resume in response to your advertisement which was issued in Nov. 9.4. I should like to apply for the position of which you advertised in the Nov. 9 issue of China Daily.5. I read your advertisement …… with interest.6. I noted your advertisement for ….. in …..7. Your advertisement in ……. Seems a good match for my qualifications/ credentials/ background…8. I should very much like to be considered for the post of which was advertised in……9. I see from your advertisement in …… that ……10. The job which you described in your advertisement in the Nov. 9 issue of China Daily is one for which I think I can show you some excellent qualifications.11. I am looking for a job as ……, and would be grateful if you would consider me for such a post in your firm/ company./ university/ institute12. I am writing to inquiry about possible position as ……, my colleague/supervisor/friend……, suggested I contact you.(2) Brief summary of qualifications or credentials (with reference to position requirements)1.I am a graduate of …… with a degree in ……2.As you can see from my resume, I hold a degree in ……3.My qualifications include…..4.My strength is in ……(3) Enclosure explanation1.Please find enclosed my resume, which highlights…..2.Please review the enclosed resume.3.The enclosed resume will provide you with ……4.Enclosed is my resume which contains details of …..(4) Salary expectations (optional)1. My salary expectations are in the range between …and …2. My compensation requirements are in the $ … to $...(5) Request for response or contact information1.Thank you for your time and consideration, and I look forward to hearing from you shortly.2.I appreciate your consideration, and I look forward to the opportunity to have an interview.3.Thank you for taking the time to review my resume.4.Should you be interested in my qualifications/ credentials/ background, I would be pleased tomeet with you.5.I look forward to hearing from you and I do hope I shall have the opportunity of aninterview.6.I welcome the opportunity to talk to you at your earliest convenience.7.I can come for an interview at any time convenient to you.8.I can be reached by telephone/ E-mail/ ……Application for entry to a university.●I am writing to ask whether you could send me some information about your universityand for the application forms.●I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to do graduate/postgraduate study in your university.Application for scholarships/ assistantships/ memberships●I am thinking of applying for the scholarship of your institute. I would be grateful if youwould let me know how I should go about it.●I am writing to apply for membership of your club. Would you be kind enough to let meknow the facilities you provide?●I should be pleased if you could let me have details of any teaching assistantships inelectric engineering.●I should like to apply for one of the scholarships that your university may be offering tostudents from other countries. Would you please send me the necessary application forms and any further details about the scholarships?Unit ThreeⅠ. Teaching Objectives1.Let the students have a general knowledge about the basics of business memo and letterwriting.2.Discuss the writing qualities of message formation.3.Examine short document writings.Ⅱ. Teaching Difficulties1.The format of a business memo2.8 C’s for message formationClarity correctness concreteness completenessConsideration courtesy conciseness coherenceⅢ. Teaching MethodsTeaching & PracticeⅣ. Teaching Periods4 periodsⅤ. Teaching Content(1)Basics of Memos and Business Letters1. The definition of MemoA memo is a short note written as a reminder.2. Format of a business memo⊙Heading SegmentMemorandum/ MemoTO:FROM:DATE:SUBJECT:⊙Body SegmentOpening paragraphsDiscussing paragraphsClosing paragraph(2)The 8 C’s for message formation1.clarity2.correctness3.concretenesspleteness6.courtesy7.conciseness8.coherence(3)Writing Short DocumentsⅥ. Teaching AssignmentsKeys to In-class Exercise1T 2F 3T 4F 5T 6T 7T 8T 9T 10TKeys to After-class Exercise1.Clarity- The baseline of workplace writing is clarity, particularly in internationalcommunications. Letters must be clear in what they say. Clarity is a presupposition for other prescriptions, and is stressed by management theorists, gurus and practitioners. It involves a conscientious effort to ensure that our writing to both internal and external customers is as dear and easy to understand as possible. All writing advice has boiled down to one sentence;be succinct. Keep your message short and to the point.Good writer build ideas from sentence to sentence. The simple declarative sentence is the easiest way to process information. Sentences that differ from that simple structure may cause readability problems. The trick is to use conversational tone for your business writing because language used in letters and emails was supposed to be modeled on everyday speech of well-educated person, without slipping into vulgarities.2.Correctness–Correctness is all about making it right. Letters filled with errors aredistracting. Readers get so distracted by misspelled words and poor grammar that they miss the point. If you send a letter that’s filled with mistakes, your real message is that you are sloppy and careless. So, correctness is primarily concerned with the mastery of English grammar. This is no surprise. With a clear understanding of the fundamentals of grammar, one has a solid base on which to continually refine one’s knowledge of grammar.Allied with this competence is the mastery of the mechanics of writing. Again, this is no surprise. The ability to form coherent sentences and paragraphs is essential for great writing.One can also develop powerful skills such as predominantly using action words, delimiting subject matter within each paragraph, editing one’s writing so it read smoothly, and so on. 3.Concreteness – Concreteness is about making it concrete rather than abstract. Concrete andabstract patterns of language reflect an author’s word choice. Abstract words (for example, “wisdom,”“power,”“beauty”and “dedication”) refer to general ideas, qualities, or conditions. They represent an abstract or intangible concept. Concrete words name material objects and items associated with the five senses –words like “rock,”“computer,”“operating manual” and “basketball.” They are objects and substances that exist physically.Both abstract and concrete languages are useful in communicating ideas. Generally you should not be too abstract in business writing. It is best to employ concrete words, naming things that can be seen, touched, smelled, heard, or tasted in order to support generalizations, topic sentences, or more abstract idea.Abstractions may be interpreted somewhat differently from one reader to the next and therefore may not always be appropriate for business writing for external audiences.impressions.pleteness - Your responsibility as a communicator is to plan, shape and assemble youroutgoing message and information so that it will be complete. The opposite side of complete message and information is incomplete. Let’s assume in a case where your decision was made based the incomplete message and information, and then what would happen? You either mightn’t get there or suffered a loss because of poor, deficient, distorted information and message. A complete message or information prevents a poor impressions and unwanted outcome, and saves time for the reader. Unnecessary letters add up to unnecessary time and costs.5.Consideration –Consideration is all about adaptation (writing in you customers’shoes).The styles of a memo and letter should be adapted to the reader and the subject. To superiors it should be respectful and deferential; to inferiors, courteous; to friends, familiar; to relations, affectionate; to children, simple and playful. On important subjects it should be forcible and impressive; on lighter subjects, easy and sprightly; in condolence, tender and sympathetic; in congratulations, lively and joyous.At some point in our lives, most of us have received an angry letter. Your letters may have come from a jilted lover, an ex-spouse and an angry relative, a creditor. What did you feel after reading those angry letters? You may feel ashamed, guilty and threatened, right? In business, letters filled with angry, blaming statements will alienate your customers, suppliers, any neutral decision-makers, mediators, hearing officers, or judges. Sarcastic, threatening and intimidating letters will create negative emotions in your clients’ memory bank. So if you’re tempted to fire off a letter, you may trigger a negative sympathy factor among your customers. It won’t do good to you and your business at all.Remembering to consideration requires business writers to write to be understood, not to overwhelm. This means you need to express ideas in a fashion your readers can read quickly, understand, remember and act upon. Let’s put it another way. Keep your business writing conversational. Your business writing should sound as natural as a telephone conversation.That’s all business writing is – conversation on paper.In his book, “Talking Straight,” Lee Iacocca wrote, “write the way you talk. If you don’t talk that way, don’t write that way.” In school, you are told to use various academic paradigms to impress people with your vocabulary. In the workplace, you should tap your knowledge of business language skillfully to inform, to persuade or to communicate. You will be not writing for getting a grade, but for getting your desired business result. The trick is not to make people guess what you mean.6.Courtesy–Minding your manners not only matters in your oral communication butequally, if not more, important in the written communication. Courtesy is a writing quality of message in which the writer must show his/her own sincere, polite and gracious manners.Writing in the reader’s shoes is not enough if you don’t care about your image-building in the written message. Business writers should not take it for granted simply because your style and tone of oral and written message in the eyes of the reader really has a short-and-long effect in the reader’s mind. For instance, a text full of biased, rude, hostile, belligerent and threatening language may leave an indelible mark on its audience. Writers do not have luxury of treating casually any writing that they do. Words outlive actions. Thus, courtesy requires you to write polite, considerate and diplomatic “Mr. Manners”Letters,7.Conciseness –Emails and letters must be concise. Brevity is highly desirable. On the otherhand, the subject matter should determine length, and clarity, above all, should not be sacrificed for conciseness. As discussed above, we must first make our messages clear in what they say, and then consider making it concise. Conversely, concise and succinct language enhances clarity.Conciseness is all about methods of eliminating wordiness. Conciseness means you write and say in the fewest possible words without sacrificing the other C qualities. A concise message saves time and expenses for both sender and receiver. Conciseness contributes to emphasis and make important ideas stand out, and last longer.8.Coherence –Coherence is a quality in effective writing that results from the carefulordering of each sentence in a paragraph and each paragraph in the paper. If an essay (the paragraph) is coherent, each part (each sentence) will grow naturally and logically from those parts (sentences) that come before it. Following careful chronological, logical, spatial, or sequential order is the most natural way to achieve coherence in writing. The main devices used in achieving coherence are transitions, which help to connect one thought with another.Unity is another quality of effective writing closely associated with coherence. These two qualities can’t fall apart simply because cohesive sentences and parts are not necessarily unified or consistent with the central idea in an essay. Unity is a feature in an essay whereby all material relates to a central concept and contributes to the meaning of the whole. To achieve a unified effect in an essay, the writer must design an effective introduction and conclusion, maintain consistent tone or point of view, develop middle paragraph in a coherent, congruent, and consistent manner, and above all stick to the subject, never permitting unimportant or irrelevant elements to enter.Congruity is also closely allied with coherence in writing. Making your message congruent is about making it harmonious and flowing. You may have many great ideas, but present them poorly. Readers may have hard time get at it. Congruity requires business writers to develop their ideas, concepts and thoughts in 2 directions of efforts to be congruent. In one direction, we must admit that “thinking and language are linked together,” as Albert Einstein said. In “so-called abstract concepts, language becomes an instrument of reasoning in the true sense of the word. But it is also this development which turns language into a dangerous source of error and deception.”In the other direction, “we may conclude that the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language.” (Albert Einstein’s essay on The Common Language of Science).Consistency of purpose (COP) is the most important writing virtue because without COP you can’t practice any other virtues consistently. In other word, you can practice any virtue erratically, but nothing consistently without COP. Unless your organization uses a specific style manual for its written communications, the most important thing is to remain consistent, both within a particular document, and from document to document. Furthermore, business writers must connect their writing with the company’s mission, objectives, strategies and policies. For instance, a company declares itself as a customer-focused, quality-oriented and environment-friendly organization. But in reality, the company has never adopted procedures in writing and trained its employees for execution. This may only create mistrust among the publics.Ⅶ. Supplementary MaterialsBuilding Your Business Letters on “Skeletons”Business letters are not literary works. Many of writing conventions and rules students and learners have acquired during their studies of General English are not readily applicable in the corporate w orld. In fact, business writing is verbal “workhorses” with a purpose only to convey information, and what you want the reader to do with it, as quickly and clearly as possible.One of the writing strategies you can use is to deploy certain “Skeletons” or models or framework by making notes as if to yourself, and leads that guide your writing tasks. These notes and leads will come out in a direct style naturally, because you’re not intimidated or disquieted when writing to yourself. Don’t restrict yourself to a structure at this stage. Just write out everything you can think of that should go into the letter.Now, match your notes to the sequence in one of the skeletons described below. Discard any notes that aren’t relevant.If you build up your letter a long these lines you’ll find that your style is clear and straightforward, with no unnecessary adjectives, adverbs, business phrases such as “corporate speak”, clichés, red tape, or archaic language/legalist styles that some people are still using in business letters. Although our coverage is not complete, we believe that by noting these models and their special requirements, you will be able to adapt to any related situation not covered.M1 – 3-Step ModelThe letter writing in the 3-step mode (opener-body-close) is a conventional structure that sets the solid structural basis for business letter writing. The universally accepted 3-step model guides us to be engaged in the business letter writing in the following light.Opener (Star) – offers reasons and/or references why the letter is written. More specifically, a good star forces the writer to1.Design a sentence to catch the reader’s attention;2.Offer a reason and/or reference for the reader to read on;3.Make a smooth transition (including “buffer”) t o the body content.Body (chain) – offers a chain of information, explanations, reasons, logic, emotional links that move readers from their first flicker of interest to the action. They are supposed to be the true “meat” of the business letter. A good chain answers readers’ questions, overcomes their objections, and involves them emotionally. The “meat” for the body of the letter includes, but not limited to, the following:rmation that readers will find useful;2.Explanations, reasons and logic (your selling points) that readers will find reasonable,logic and/or, at least, explorsible even if they do not buy, give, or agree to.Close (action knot)– offers conclusions and motivations for further actions and/or an action knot.The action knot in the business letter plays 4 roles of1.Telling your reader what to do:2.Offering a reason for acting promptly:3.Making the action sound easy:4.Ending with blended outcome:(Samples are omitted.)M2– 4-Step ModelThe 4-step model of business letter writing is developed and constructed by Dr. Joel P.Bowman, the co-author of Business English Writing. It’s a breakthrough, but it’s not a revolutionary one that turn the conventional model upside down. The 4-step model is more business process oriented that guides us to approach the business letter writing tasks tactically.Typically, the 4-step process would proceed as follows:In building up a business letter of making a claim1.Pace–定调(确定本信函的基调, 控制好节奏)I am writing to relate you to the unsatisfactory work you did for us last week.2.Lead–引领(提供信息、理由、解说，让读者明白本信函的中心点)As someone who has work with your company for over 3 years, were very disappointed to see the documents you produced for our latest ABC Company’s publicity campaign.3.Blended Outcome–创造/产生一种和谐的效果/结果As our written agreement stipulated, we expected full color leaflets with fancy explanatory texts, but instead, we found that black and white photos had been included in the prepared leaflets. I think you will agree that a communication problem exists.4.Motivate–激励/给予(做事的)动机We would like you to send out a photographer to provide us with the promised color coverage, or provide us with a refund.In replying the business letter of making an adjustment1.Pace –I was very disappointed to read your letter of xxxxx [date] dealing with the issue ofincorrectly produced publicity leaflets.2.Lead –As someone who values your business, I have already begun to find a solution to resolve this problem.3.Blended Outcome–My top photographer will call you to arrange an appointment at your earliest possible convenience to re-take photos in full color.4.Motivate –Also, we will deduct another 5 percent of the bill for the misunderstanding. Thank you for your patience.M3 – 6-Step ModelSame as the 4-step process, the 6-step model would distinctively be:In building up a business letter of an outstanding account1 –Background提供/说明背景I see from our records that you were first invoiced for this amount four months ago and statements have been sent out to you each month since then2 –The sticky issue棘手的问题; 难题;议题This can’t go on, especially as you haven’t contacted us to discuss extending your credit3 –What I want to happen now你现在希望事情如何进展Pay up in the next seven days4 –Or else如行不通，你又如何或又有什么变通的办法We will be obliged to start legal proceedings against you5 –Sweetener增添对方采取行动的动力If you do pay up by return, we won’t take any information action and will restart your 30 days’ credit as before6 –Next move接下来的行动/最后的提议Please contact me urgently and let me know what you intend to doNow, let’s say you were the recipient of the above letter and want to winkle out more time to pay. The elements remains the same, you can approach from a different angle …In replying the reminder1 – BackgroundThank you for bringing this to my attention – I had no idea were so late paying2 –The sticky issueWe’re experiencing serious cash-flow problems at the moment but we have taken steps to rectify this and anticipate the problem will be solved in the next 3 weeks3 –What I want to happen nowWould you consider extending our credit for a while longer, perhaps with interest being chargeable at a rate we can agree?4 –Or elseWe really would like to continue buying our supplies from you but if we enter into a dispute the goodwill will be lost our business relationship will be over5 –SweetenerI can assure you our cash-flow problem is temporary and we want to preserve our business relationship with you if possible6 –Next moveI will phone you in the next few days to discuss payment termsM4– N-Step Model Letter of ReprimandSome business letters need to be “prolonged” to convey more information. As a matter of fact, these letters are the extension of the opener-body-close, 3-step conventional model. The body contents, consisting of several paragraphs, can be structured and unstructured so long as the messages are correctly and forcefully conveyed.Please read and reflect on the text of “Paragraph Writing, Sentence Construction and Word。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Part One Business English & Business EnglishWriting PrinciplesUnit 1What & How to Learn in Business English我们学生学习商务英语，往往不知怎样学，学什么很迷茫。
下面，我们就着重谈一谈怎样学习商务英语这一问题。
一、掌握商务英语语汇句型，熟悉商务英语篇章既然商务英语包括众多的领域，那么，学习者该从哪些方面人手呢?有些商务英语学习者参加了正规院校的商务英语课程或参加过社会力量办学的商务英语短期课程的学习，但仍觉得对商务英语了解甚少。
有的学生参加商务英语课程只是为了参加BEC这样的商务英语考试。
考试通过获得了合格证书，他们仍然觉得还没有入商务英语的门。
这种现象非常普遍。
有的学生尽管拿到了BEC考试证书，通过的级别也高，但是，在实际的国际商务活动中仍然感到力不从心，其主要原因就是商务英语基础不牢，国际商务的有关知识贫乏。
所以，学习商务英语首先要从英语语言基础入手，由于商务英语涉及到英语的听、说、读、写、译，商务英语学生必须在这些方面有一定的基础。
提高听、说、读、写、译水平最根本的办法就是要掌握尽可能多的商务英语词汇、短语、句型和商务英语习惯表达法。
商务英语的学生都有一定的英语基础，但对有关商务的词汇、短语、句型掌握得不多，对商务英语语篇不熟悉，因此，首先应该从商务英语词汇等方面开始。
下面，就让我们来看一看商务英语词汇等方面的特点。
1、商务英语词汇英语词汇多达几十万，并且词语表义较为灵活，对上下文的依赖也较大。
如，“board”一词，本义为“木板”，但在不同上下文中，可以表示“车”、“船”、“伙食”、“会议桌”、“委员会”等。
而在商务英语中，“board”往往用来表示“董事会”，如，“chairman or president of the board”（董事会主席或董事长）；或者，它经常用在FOB (Free on Board，离岸价，船上交货价)价格术语中，意思是“船”。
在商务英语中，有着许多通过引申、转换、添加等手段而获得的有别于普通英语词义的具有“新义”的“旧词”。
例如：literature 在普通英语中，它表示“文学”；而在商务英语中，它则表示“printed matters, including leaflets, instruction, product catalogue, price list, etc. (文字宣传资料，诸如产品说明书、产品目录、价目表等)”。
e.g.In order to market our new product，we have printed fine literature．(为了推销新产品，我们印了精美的宣传资料。
)claim 在普通英语中，它的意思是“要求，认领”；而在商务英语中，它则表示“demand or request for a thing considered one’s due (索赔)”。
e.g. We claimed on that shipping company for the loss involved．（我们向轮船公司就有关损失提出索赔。
）reference 在普通英语中，它表示“参考，查阅，提及”；而在商务英语中，它的意思是“persons or firms named by a customer asking a supplier for credit, from whom the supplier can get information about the business reputation of the customer (担保人，证明人)”。
e.g.My reference will prove to you that I am efficient and dependable. (我的担保人将向你证明我的工作是高效的，并且我是可信赖的。
)除了属于英语共核部分(English common core)的词汇以外，商务英语还有着其特别的专门词汇。
例如：backlog: orders to supply, needing to be dealt with quickly (积欠未交货的订单) e.g.We have a large backlog. (我们积压的订货甚多。
)in-tray: tray for incoming documents (放在办公桌上用来装收到的文件的容器，收文篮；用于盛放将要发出去的文件的容器叫out-tray, 发文篮) e.g.When l am away，please help to check my in-tray. (我不在的时候，请帮我查看我的收文篮。
)overheads：routine administrative and maintenance expenses of a business (公司的日常开支，如电费、文具费、汽车油费等) e.g.We have some money indeed，but we are very sorry that we cannot return the money now，as we have to consider our overheads. (我们确实有些钱，但是，非常抱歉，我们目前不能还这笔钱，因为我们得考虑我们的日常开销。
)2、商务英语短语在商务英语背景下，通过搭配而形成了许多专用于商务英语的具有商务特征的短语。
例如：outstanding accounts：accounts that are overdue for payment (到期未付的帐) e.g.We hope the outstanding account can be settled within this month．Otherwise，our accounting department will consider changing the conditions of payment for future orders. (我们希望你方本月能将欠帐结清，否则，我方财务部将考虑改变定单支付条件。
)debit note：a note in a form similar to an invoice but used where an invoice would not be right for the purpose. The debit note relates to charges, such as freight, extra to amounts already invoiced for goods, and is also used to correct mistakes such as an amount under-charged in an invoice. (借项通知单，指卖方通知买方更正错误的文件，即：通知买方，因其错误而要借记(增加)买方应收账款账户，向对方补收钱；与之相对的是credit note（贷项通知单）。
) e.g.We shall of course refund to you the premium upon receipt of your debit note or, if you like, you may draw on us at sight for the amount required. (一收到你们的索款通知单，我们当立即把保险费付还给你们。
如果你们愿意的话，也可以开即期汇票向我们收取所需金额。
)unsocial hours：time for overwork (与社交活动冲突的时间、加班的时间)e.g.We should emphasize the large extra bonus for working in unsocial hours．(我们应当重视对额外加班发高额奖金。
)flexitime system：system of flexible working hours (弹性工作制度：一种根据工作特点灵活确定上下班时间的工作制度。
例如，某人每天工作的八个小时内，只有从上午十点钟到下午三点钟是一天中最忙的时间，那么，经商定他可以不在正常的上午八点钟上班，在晚些时候到公司上班；下午也不一定在规定的五点钟下班，可以提前下班。
他集中精力的工作时间(如10：00～15：00)叫做core time，灵活的工作时间叫做flexiband) e.g.The first item on the agenda is a discussion of the management's proposals on flexitime system．(会议安排表的第一项是讨论资方提出的弹性工作制。
)living out of a suitcase: often go on business trips (经常出差在外) e.g. My husband is a sales-manager．He is a man living out of a suitcase．(我丈夫是销售经理，老是出差在外。
)make five clerks redundant：dismiss five clerks (裁员五名) e.g. Our branch is badly overstaffed．We have now decided to make eight clerks redundant．(我们分公司严重超员，我们已经决定裁员八名。
)3、商务英语句式结构由于英语使用许多连接词，所以，句式结构比较灵活多样。
但商务英语属于正式文体，因此，它有着典型的书面英语句法特征：句子结构较为复杂，句式规范，文体正式，尤其在商务合同协议中更是如此。
请看下例：If, whether during the execution of the works or after their completion and whether before or after the repudiation or other termination of the contract, between the Employer and the Contractor arises any dispute in connection with, or arising out of, the Contract or the execution of the works, including any disagreement by either party with any action, inaction, opinion, instruction, determination, certificate or valuation of the Engineer, the matter shall, in the first place, be referred to the Disputes Review Board. (无论是在工程执行过程中，还是在工程完成以后，也无论是在放弃合同或其他终止合同之前或者之后，如果业主与承包商之间出现任何与合同或工程执行有关的或因合同或工程执行而引发的争端，包括任何一方对工程师的任何行动、不行动、意见、指示、决定、证书或评价所产生的异议，那么该争端应首先提交争端审核委员会。