大学英语六级语法基础:时态(强烈推荐)
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大学英语六级语法基础:
一般现在时,过去时,过去完成时,现在完成时1.一般现在时
(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作;
eg:I get up at 7 o' clock in the morning.
I leave school for home at 6 every evening.
(2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实;
eg:The teacher told us: the earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.
2.一般过去时
两种变化形式:在动词后加ed或不规则变化的动词;
在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态:
常用时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等;
eg:Did you go to Shanghai last week?
补充:used to/be used to
(1)used to + do:"过去常常",表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在;
eg:Mike used to take a walk.
(2)be used to + doing:对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词;
eg:Mike is used to taking a walk.
He is used to taking a shower with cold water.
(3)be used to do:被用来做……
eg:Leaves are used to fight enemies in Kong fu movies as the weapons.
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't
B. couldn't
C. don't
D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这
个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。
2.一般过去式和过去完成时的对比:
(1)过去完成时:
过去的过去;
eg:Before I came to Beijing, I had stayed in Shanghai.
① 一个句子里有两个谓语动词,一个发生在前,一个发生在后,发生在前的用
一般过去时,发生在后的用过去完成时;
eg:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
② 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose
等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,却未能…"
eg:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. We had
thought that he would take part in the competition,but he didn't.
③ 虚拟语气:
若虚拟的现象与过去事实相反,则用过去完成时;
eg:If you had come to my birthday party, you would have seen Yaoming. 虚拟语气中可以用had+过去分词,表示对过去事实的虚拟;
3. 一般将来时
(1)shall/will, shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替;
eg:Which paragraph shall I read first?
(2)be going to +不定式,表示将来;表示要发生的事情有了预先的计划、准
备或有迹象表明要发生;
eg:What are you going to do tomorrow?
What will you do this afternoon?
will表示纯粹的将来;
(3)be +不定式:表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事;
eg:We are to/will discuss the report next Saturday.
(4)be about to +不定式:意为马上做某事,后面不可以接时间状语;
eg:He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意:
(1)一般现在时有时也可表将来;
eg:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
① 趋向性动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
eg:When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
② 在时间或条件句中,用一般现在时表将来;
eg:I'll write to you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
(2)现在进行时也可表将来:通常用于口语,翻译为打算……;
come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等词可以用进行时表将来;
3.现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果对现在造成影响。(1)过去发生的动作发生到现在,刚刚完成;
(2)从过去发生的动作,发生到现在,刚刚告一段落,但是后面会继续发生;eg:I have just finished my homework.
It has rained for 3 days.
过去时与现在完成时的区别:
(1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在