给排水专业英语翻译Unit7
给排水专业英语汇总.
UNIT 1给水工程water supply engineering 排水工程sewetage engineering市政工程civil engineering市政工程师civil engineer环境工程environmental engineering 水文学hydrology水力学hydranlies水环境natural aquatic environment 流域watershed水体waterbody地表水surface water新鲜水freshwater地下水groundwater含水层aquifer天然含水层natural aquifer地下含水层underground aquifer水文循环natural hydrologic cycle渗滤infiltration降水precipitation渗入precolation蒸发evaporation蒸腾transpiration城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle 水源water source水资源water resource取水water withdrawal水处理water treatment配水water distribution用水water use污水wastewater废水abwasser废水收集wastewater collection废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receiving waters污染pollution pollute污染物pollntant玷污、污染contamination致污物contaminant未污染uncontaminated水污染water pollution水污染控制water pollution control水污染防治water pollution prevention污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity地表水资源surface water resource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system分区供水系统dual distribution system小区micro district小社区small community冷水供水系统cold water supply system热水供水系统hot water supply system消防系统fire protection system喷淋系统fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统automatic drencher system半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system消火栓hydrant排水系统drainage system生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrial system雨水排水系统stormwater system合流制combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统building drainage system卫生洁具plumbing fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water transmission system漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distribution system环状管网grid system支状管网branching system下水管道sanitary sewer污水节流管intercepting sewer污水节流系统intercepting sewer system污水节流井sewage intercepting cell支管collection sewer collector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物industrial wastes农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes 雨水rainwater stormwater水位waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度grade倾斜度slope明渠Open channel开挖excavation深度excavation depth水力分析hydraulic analysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit 3水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump station给水泵站Water pump station污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站Lift pumping plant增压泵Booster pump 离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇Submerine深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Manhole法兰Flange阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pumping system流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity层流Laminar flow滞流粘性流viscous flow过渡流Transitional flow湍流Turbulent flow紊流Turbulence flow涡流Eddying flow雷诺数Teynolds number水质Water guality水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water未处理水Untreated water出水Finished water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality standards水质要求Water quality requirements饮用水Drink water\potable water自来水Tap water纯水Pure water饮用水标准Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物Primary contaminants有机化合物Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物Volatile organic ohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染Microbial contaminants病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms病原体Pathogenic病毒Pathogenic bacterin细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radionuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolouration变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性质Physical quality of water浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity unit浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor number化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality 溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do balance氧损Oxygen depletion有机污染物Organic pollutant生化需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)溶解Dissolved (DS)总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese硬度Hardness 碱度Alkalinity盐度Salinity有害物质Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物Cyanides急性毒性Acute toxity慢性毒性Chronic toxity基因毒性Genetic toxicity基因Gene难降解有机化合物Refractory organicchemicals永久性有机污染物Persistent organicpollutants致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes卤素Halogen甲基Methyl氯仿Trichloromethane三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药Pesticide害虫Pest杀虫剂Insecticide除草剂Herbicide杀菌剂Germicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative保证Preserve清洗剂Cleaning agent洗涤剂Detergent发泡剂Foaming agent泡沫Foam化肥Fertilizer肥沃的Fertile富营养化Eutrophication营养的Trophic营养水平Trophic level生态位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原废水Raw wastes处理水Treated wastes回用水Redaimed water水处理过程Water processing收集Collect处置Dispose处理方法Treatment method处理费用Treatment costs处理单元Treatment process运行模式Operational mode间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach均匀均化Equalization均匀Equalize调蓄水池Equalization storage调节池Equalization tank蓄水池Storage tank降解Degrade分解Decompose分离Separate隔离Separation物理法Physical process物理处理Physical treatment物理处理过程Physical treatment process 一级处理Primary treatment初步处理Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤Screening格栅Screen格栅Bar screen栅条Bars钢栅条Steel bars渣耙Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机Circular grinder破碎Grind除砂Degritting砂Grit沙Sand除砂Grit removal沉砂池Grit chamber沉淀Settling沉淀池Settling tank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settling tank一级出水Primary effluent二级处理Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondary treatment process 生物处理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池Secondary settling tank最终澄清池Final clarifier最终沉淀池Final settling tank二级出水Secondary effluent三级处理Tertiary treatment深度处理Advanced treatment废水消毒Waste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polished effluent废水处理厂Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程Municipal engineering土木工程Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant污水处理能力Sewage treatment capacity电容Capacitance污水处理设施Municipal treatment facilities多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility处理池Treatment tank负荷Load负荷Loadings水力负荷Hydrautic loading污染负荷Pollutant load有机负荷Organic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝n. coagulation混凝过程coagulation process化学混凝chemical coagulation凝聚n. aggregation絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂n. coagulant混凝剂投量coagulant dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage助凝剂coagulant aid助凝剂flocculation aid聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池mixer tank快速混合池flash-mix tank絮凝器n. flocculator絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-contact tank澄清n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier澄清水clarifying water2．沉淀n. sedimentation沉降n. sedimentation自由沉降plain settling拥挤沉降hindered settling重力沉降gravity settling沉淀池settling tank沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池circular settling tank管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler 板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator气浮n. floatation泡沫分离foam separation溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedimentation预沉淀池presedimentation basin3．过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter快滤池rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质，滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. anthracite硅藻土diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual media filter双层滤池two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media细滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水，滤出水filtered water滤后水，滤池出水filter effluent滤前水，滤池进水filter influent浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期cleaning cycle刮砂法scraping method表面刮砂surface scraping反冲洗backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grading4．消毒n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂n. germicide消毒过程disinfection process消毒副产物disinfection by-products氯化n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水chlorinated water预氯化n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-products ofchlorination化学消毒剂chemical disinfectants液氯liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺n. chloramines次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlorine dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒n. ozonation臭氧化v. ozonate紫外线(UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV) 伽马射线gamma radiation灭活n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间contact time需氯量chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量chlorine dosage , applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯combined chlorine剩余保护residual protection余氯residual chlorine余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residual chlorine自由氯余量free chlorine residual化合余氯combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals折点氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量breakpoint dosage氯折点chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器ozone generator需臭氧量ozone demand剩余臭氧量ozone residual剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria orviruses细菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢n. spores病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa5．氧化n. oxidation还原n. reduction氧化剂n. oxidant强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法(AOP) advanced oxidationprocess高级氧化工艺(AOP) advanced oxidationprocess高级氧化过程(AOP) advanced oxidationprocess高级氧化技术(AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附n. adsorption活性炭(AC) activated carbon粉末炭(PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbon fiber再生n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂n. adsorbent吸附质n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column吸附床adsorption bed空床接触时间empty bed contact time吸附带mass transfer zone快速小柱试验rapid small scale column test生物活性炭(BAC) biological activatedcarbon7．离子交换n. ion exchange离子交换树脂ion exchange resin离子交换器ion exchanger离子交换柱ion exchange column硬度n. hardness除硬hardness removal软化n. softeningv. soften化学软化chemical softening沉淀软化precipitation softening除盐，脱盐n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process离子交换除盐法ion exchange desalting process复床combined bed混合床mixed bed8．膜分离membrane separation微滤n. microfiltration超滤n. hyperfiltration纳滤n. nanofiltration反渗透reverse osmosis渗透n. osmosis半透膜semipermeable membrane电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析n. dialysis 9．其它处理方法中和n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀chemical precipitation沉淀软化precipitation softening电解n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. stripping冷却n. cooling冷却水cooling water冷却塔cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器n. bioreactor微生物n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群microbial population混合群落mixed communities细菌n. bacteria原生动物n. protozoa真菌n. fungi轮虫n. rotifers生长n. growth繁殖n. reproduction世代时间generation time生长速率growth rates环境因子environmental factors生态因子ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期lag phase2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期decling growth phase稳定期stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenous stage内源生长期endogenous growth phase内源呼吸endogenous respiration底物，基质n. substrate底物（基质）利用substrate utilization生物量n. biomass生物反应biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidation生物降解n. biodegradation生物降解性n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a.biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理biological treatment废水生物处理biological wastewatertreatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewatertreatment system污水生物处理系统biological sewagetreatment system生物处理法biological treatment process 生物处理装置biological treatment unit串联in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes附着的微生物attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜n. biofilm代谢n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢biological metabolism微生物代谢microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment厌氧环境anaerobic environment营养物n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化biological nitrification硝化菌nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification生物除磷biological phosphorus removal1．活性污泥法activated sludge process微生物n. microorganisms n. microbes细菌n. bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥(RAS)returned activatedsludge回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge剩余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥(WAS)waste activated sludge废污泥waste sludge曝气池aeration tank曝气池aeration basin曝气池aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixed aerationbasin活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n. aeration混合n. mixing曝气系统aeration system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机air compressor鼓风机，风机n. blower循环/切换n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble airdiffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubblediffuser扩散板plate diffuser扩散管tube diffuser扩散罩dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubble diffusedaeration微气泡fine-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aeration systems机械曝气mechanical aeration表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供气量air supply氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体(MLSS) mixed liquor suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile suspended solids污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aeration tank volume曝气时间aeration period曝气时间aeration time水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷hydraulic loadingBOD负荷BOD loading普通活性污泥法conventional activatedsludge process传统活性污泥法conventional activatedsludge process标准活性污泥法standard activated sludgeprocess传统活性污泥厂conventional activatedsludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludgeprocess分段v. step进水负荷influent load分段进水step loading渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludgeprocess延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法extended aeration process延时曝气extended aeration氧化沟oxidation ditch水平转刷horizontal rotor转刷曝气rotor aeration笼型转刷caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法)adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencingbatch reactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batchreactor (SBR) processSBR法SBR process序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batchreactor (SBR)序批式反应器(SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉primary clarification曝气n. aeration二沉secondary clarification初沉池primary clarifier二沉池secondary clarifier泵送系统pumping system活性污泥法activated sludge process变体n. variantSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase进水阀influent valve反应阶段react phase沉淀阶段settle phase清水，上清液clear water上清液n. supernatant排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段decant phase滗水装置decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal碳源carbon source硝化n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌nitrifying bacteria反硝化n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法) anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器(MBR)membrane biological reactor2．生物膜法生物膜n. biofilm生物膜反应器biofilm reactor生物滤池n. biofilter生物过滤n. biofiltration旋转布水器rotary sprinkler填料n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular orhoneycomb-shaped packings滴滤池trickling filter普通生物滤池trickling filter高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter塔式生物滤池tower biofilter曝气生物滤池(BAF) biological aeratedfilter生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotating biological contactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs水平轴horizontal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌n. acidogens产甲烷细菌n. methanogens产酸阶段acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase水解n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷methanogenesis产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相acidogenic phase产甲烷相methanogenic phase消化n. digestionv. digest消化池n. digestor厌氧消化anaerobic digestion污泥消化sludge digestion厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor 厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor 4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统natural purification system稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds土地处理系统land treatment systems废水土地处理land treatment of wastewater净化过程purification process自然净化natural purification污水塘sewage lagoon稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reaction厌氧生化反应anaerobic biochemicalreaction厌氧分解anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解decompose anaerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilization细菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic plants出流，出水effluent flow光合作用n. photosynthesis厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polishing pond熟化塘maturation lagoon深度处理塘advanced treatment pond三级处理塘tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺（过程）land treatmentprocesses关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system三级处理水平tertiary treatment level灌溉n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties ofsoil投配的废水applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration land treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤rapid infiltration快速渗滤法rapid infiltration method过滤作用filtering action吸附作用adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system 地表漫流overland flow径流集水沟runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes 湿地n. wetland天然湿地natural wetland人工湿地constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量sludge volume原污泥，生污泥raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatment污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. landfill污泥减量sludge volume reduction污泥稳定化sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩n. thickening污泥浓缩sludge thickening稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理（调节）n. conditioningv. condition脱水n. dewateringv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉n. incinerator污泥浓缩sludge thickening物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥thin sludge处理装置treatment unit浓缩池n. thickener重力浓缩gravity thickening重力浓缩池gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank刮泥机sludge scraper搅拌作用stirring action底流n. underflow浓缩的底流thickened underflow浓缩污泥thickened sludge出水n. effluent上清液n. supernatant溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatation thickening溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank入流污泥influent sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floating sludge layer污泥消化sludge digestion消化池n. digester消化池装置digester unit消化n. digestionv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decomposition好氧消化aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程aerobic digestion process活性污泥池activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment systems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contact stabilization or 延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systems BOD负荷BOD loading细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡endogenous decay厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池covered circular tank消化过程digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestion process生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气methane gas末端产物end product指示剂n. indicator污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas污泥沉淀sludge settling污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge消化池上清液digester supernatant中温消化mesophilic digestion高温消化thermophilic degestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering混合堆肥co-composting污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源surface water resource地下水资源groundwater resource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse间接回用indirect reuse间接废水回用indirect wastewater reuse出水处理effluent treatment回用水reclaimed water排放n. , v. discharge保留n. retention循环n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理n. partial treatment最终用途end use城市污水回用municipal wastewater reuse灌溉n. irrigation景观灌溉landscape irrigation地下水回灌groundwater recharge市政回用municipal reuse直接市政回用direct municipal reuse深度处理，高级处理advanced treatment分质供水系统dual-distribution system间接市政回用indirect municipal reuse供水系统，给水系统water supply system取水口n. intake天然同化能力natural assimilative capacity人工回灌artificial recharge深井注射deep-well injection浅表布水shallow surface spreading渗透n. percolation工业回用industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水plant processmakeup water冷却塔水cooling tower water选择性处理optional treatment水费water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater 工业过程industrial processes冷却水cooling water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation废水排放wastewater discharge雨水回用storm water reuse可回用水reusable waterPartⅨ:第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs 运行成本，运行费（用）operating costs 能耗成本energy costs运行维护operation and maintenance运行控制operational control控制系统control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。
给排水专业英语翻译技巧
(给水排水专业英语)
给排水专业英语概述
Unit 1 Water and Hydrological Cycle
toxic pathogenic microorganism congregate metropolitan a. a. n. v. a. 有毒的，中毒的 致病的，病愿的 微生物 聚集 大城市的
n. a.
污染物质 水文学的
designate nutrient medium microbial algae
vt. n. n. a. n.（alga的复数）
表示，称为 养分，养科 介质，培养基 微生物的，细菌的 藻类，海藻
protozoa inorganics predominantly seep particulate
Source of water
¡ [2] All water comes in the form ofprecipitation.
The heat of the sun evaporates water from the oceans, seas, rivers and lakes. The heat also evaporates water from the ground and from plants and animals. Water vapor is formed. This rises and forms clouds in the air. When the clouds come near a mountain, they are forced to rise.
fall a prey to=suffer from
给排水英语词汇
给排水专业英语采集一、通用术语给水排水工程的通用术语及其涵义应符合下列规定：1、给水工程water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
2、排水工程sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
3、给水系统water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
4、排水系统sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
5、给水水源water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体。
6、原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水。
7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。
8、地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。
9、苦咸水(碱性水) brackish water ,alkaline water 碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，PH值大于7。
10、淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水。
11、冷却水cooling water 用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。
12、废水wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。
它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
13、污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。
14、用水量water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。
15、污水量wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量。
16、用水定额water flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
17、排水定额wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
给水排水专业英语翻译
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《给水排水专业英语》Lesson 1specific yield [spə'sifik] ［ji：ld］单位产水量mass curve 累积曲线capital investment 投资recurring natural event ［'nætʃərəl］重现历史事件subterranean [sʌbtə'reiniən］地下的groundwater 地下水surface water 地表水tap ［tæp］开关、龙头；在…上开空（导出液体)swampland [’swɔmplænd］n。
沼泽地;沼泽地带capillary ［kə’piləri］ n. 毛细管 adj。
毛状的，毛细管的hygro- ［词头] 湿（气)，液体hygroscopic [,haigrəu'skɔpik] adj。
易湿的，吸湿的hygroscopic moisture 吸湿水stratum ［'streitəm］ n。
［地质学］地层，[生物学］（组织的）层aquifer [’ækwəfə］ ['ækwifə］ n。
含水层，地下蓄水层saturation [,sætʃə’reiʃən］ n.饱和 (状态）,浸润，浸透，饱和度hydrostatic [，haidrəu'stætik] adj. 静水力学的，流体静力学的hydrostatic pressure 静水压力water table 1. 地下水位，地下水面,潜水面2。
给排水专业英语汇总
给排水专业英语汇总废水处理 wastewater disposal 合流制 combined sewers UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering 受纳水体 receiving waters 分流制separate sewers排水工程 sewetage engineering 污染 pollution pollute 建筑排水系统building drainage system市政工程 civil engineering 污染物 pollntant 卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures市政工程师 civil engineer 玷污、污染 contamination 卫浴设备 bathroom fixtures环境工程 environmental engineering 致污物 contaminant 输水系统 water transmission system水文学 hydrology 未污染 uncontaminated 漏水率 leakage rate水力学 hydranlies 水污染 water pollution 配水系统 water distribution system水环境 natural aquatic environment 水污染控制 water pollutioncontrol 环状管网 grid system流域 watershed 水污染防治 water pollution prevention 支状管网branching system水体 waterbody 污水回用 wastewater reuse 下水管道 sanitary sewer 地表水 surface water 污水节流管 intercepting sewer UNIT 2新鲜水 freshwater 水短缺 water scarcity 污水节流系统 intercepting sewer system地下水 groundwater 地表水资源 surface water resource 污水节流井sewage intercepting cell含水层 aquifer 管网 Pipe Network 支管 collection sewer collector sewer天然含水层 natural aquifer 供水系统 water supply system 生活污水sanitary sewage地下含水层 underground aquifer 市政配水系统 municipal distribution system domestic sewage水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle 建筑给水系统house water supply system domestic wastewater渗滤 infiltration 分区供水系统 dual distribution system 工业污水industrial wastewater降水 precipitation 小区 micro district 工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes渗入 precolation 小社区 small community 农业用水 agricultural wastewater/wastes蒸发 evaporation 冷水供水系统 cold water supply system 雨水rainwater stormwater蒸腾 transpiration 热水供水系统 hot water supply system 水位waterlevel城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle 消防系统 fire protection system 海拔、标高 elevation水源 water source 坡度 grade 喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system水资源 water resource 自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system 倾斜度slope取水 water withdrawal 半自动水幕系统明渠 Open channel水处理 water treatment 开挖 excavation semi automatic drencher system配水 water distribution 消火栓 hydrant 深度 excavation depth用水 water use 排水系统 drainage system 水力分析 hydraulic analysis 污水 wastewater 生活排水系统 sanitary system 水头 pressure head废水 abwasser 工业排水系统 industrial system 总水头 total head废水收集 wastewater collection 雨水排水系统 stormwater system Unit 3 水头损失 Head loss 水源 Water sources 审美 Esthetic速度头动压头 Velocity head 味 Taste供水水源 Water supples静压 Static head 原水 Raw water 嗅 Odo摩擦水头 Friction head 未处理水 Untreated water 色 Colour水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line 出水 Finished water 变色Discolouration 重力流 Gravity flow 原水水质 Raw-water quality 变色Discolor水塔 Water castle 水质标准 Water quality standards 水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality 贮水箱 Cistern 水质要求 Water quality requirements 水的物理性质 Physical quality of water 泵站 Pump station 饮用水 Drink water\potable water 浊度值 Turbidity values 给水泵站 Water pump station 自来水 Tap water 浊度单位 Turdidity unit 污水泵站Sewage station 纯水 Pure water 浑浊单位 Turdid提升泵站 Lift pumping plant 嗅阈值 Threshold odor number 饮用水标准Drinking water standards增压泵 Booster pump 化学性质 Chemical quality 饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards离心泵 Centrifugal pump 最大允许浓度 Maxmum permissible levels 水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality 潜水泵 Submer sible pump 溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO) maxmum allowable levels潜水艇 Submerine 最大污染物浓度 Maxmum contaminant levels 溶解氧浓度Do level深井泵 Well pump 主要污染物 Primary contaminants 溶解氧平衡 Do balance虹吸虹吸管 Siphon 有机化合物 Organic chemicals 氧损 Oxygen depletion 人孔 Manhole 合成有机化合物 Synthetic organic chemicals 有机污染物 Organic pollutant 法兰 Flange 挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic ohemicals 生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 阀门 Valve 无机化合物 Inorganic chemical 总氮 Total nitrogen (TN) 闸阀 Gate valve 微生物Micro organisms\microbes 总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 微生物污染 Microbial contaminants 悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS) 泵送系统 Pumping system流量 Flow rate 病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms 总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)病原体 Pathogenic 溶解 D流速 Fluid velocity issolved (DS)层流 Laminar flow 病毒 Pathogenic bacterin 总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS) 滞流粘性流 viscous flow 细菌 Bacteria Unit 4大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria 过渡流 Transitional flow 溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese 湍流 Turbulent flow 病毒 Viruses 硬度Hardness藻类 Algae 紊流 Turbulence flow 碱度 Alkalinity涡流 Eddying flow 浊度 Turbidity 盐度 Salinity雷诺数 Teynolds number 放射性 Radionuclide 有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials感官性状 Esthetic qualities 水质 Water guality 氰化物 Cyanides急性毒性 Acute toxity 处理水 Treated wastes 砂 Grit慢性毒性 Chronic toxity 回用水 Redaimed water 沙 Sand基因毒性 Genetic toxicity 水处理过程 Water processing 除砂 Grit removal 基因 Gene 收集 Collect 沉砂池 Grit chamber 难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 处置 Dispose 沉淀 Settling永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants 处理方法 Treatment method 沉淀池 Settling tank 致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals 处理费用Treatment costs 澄清池 Clarifier 三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes 处理单元Treatment process 初澄清池 Primary clarifier 卤素 Halogen 运行模式Operational mode 初沉池 Primary settling tank 甲基 Methyl 间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach 一级出水 Primary effluent 氯仿 Trichloromethane 均匀均化 Equalization 二级处理 Secondary treatment 三氯甲烷 Chloroform 均匀 Equalize 二级处理工艺 Secondary treatment process 杀虫剂农药Pesticide 调蓄水池 Equalization storage 生物处理 Biological treatment 害虫 Pest 调节池 Equalization tank 二澄清池 Secondary clarifier 杀虫剂Insecticide 蓄水池二沉池 Secondary settling tank Storage tank除草剂 Herbicide 降解 Degrade 最终澄清池 Final clarifier 杀菌剂Germicide 分解 Decompose 最终沉淀池 Final settling tank 细菌 Germ 分离Separate 二级出水 Secondary effluent 防腐剂 Preservative 隔离 Separation 三级处理 Tertiary treatment 保证 Preserve 物理法 Physical process 深度处理 Advanced treatment 清洗剂 Cleaning agent 物理处理 Physical treatment 废水消毒 Waste disinfection 洗涤剂 Detergent 物理处理过程 Physical treatment process 出流出水 Effluent flow允许浓度 Allowable levels 发泡剂 Foaming agent 一级处理 Primary treatment泡沫 Foam 初步处理 Preliminary treatment 优异出水 High-quality polished effluent格栅筛滤 Screening 废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant 化肥Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile 格栅 Screen 污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant 富营养化 Eutrophication 格栅 Bar screen 二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant 城市污水处理营养的 Trophic 栅条 Bars营养水平 Trophic level 钢栅条 Steel bars Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering 生态位 Niche 渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circular grinder 土木工程 Civil engineering Unit 5原污水 Raw sewage 破碎 Grind 城市污水处理厂原废水 Raw wastes 除砂 Degritting Municipal wastewater treatment plant污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity 混合池 mixer tank 刮泥机sludge scraper 电容 Capacitance 快速混合池 flash-mix tank 排泥 sludge drawoff 污水处理设施 Municipal treatment facilities 絮凝器 n.flocculator sludge withdrawal 多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility 絮凝池flocculation tank 预沉淀 n. presedimentation 处理池 Treatment tank 预沉淀池 presedimentation basin负荷 Load 固体接触池 solids-contact tank负荷 Loadings 澄清 n. clarification 3(过滤 n. filtration 水力负荷Hydrautic loading 滤池 n. filter v. clarify污染负荷 Pollutant load 澄清池 n. clarifier 慢滤池 slow filter 有机负荷 Organic load 高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier 快滤池 rapid filter 无机负荷 Inorganic load 澄清水 clarifying water 高速(负荷)滤池 high rate filter 不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic 砂滤池 sand filter 周期性负荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading 2(沉淀 n. sedimentation 慢砂滤池 slow sand filter 第五部分: 物化处理沉降 n. sedimentation 快砂滤池 rapid sand filter 1(混凝 n. coagulation 自由沉降 plain settling 重力滤池 gravity filter混凝过程 coagulation process 拥挤沉降 hindered settling 压力滤池pressure filter化学混凝 chemical coagulation 重力沉降 gravity settling 过滤介质，滤料 filter medium凝聚 n. aggregation 沉淀池 settling tank silica sand 石英砂絮凝 n. flocculation 沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank 无烟煤 n. anthracite矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank 硅藻土 diatomaceous earth v. flocculate异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation 圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank 煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation 管式沉淀池 tube settler 多层滤料multilayered media混凝剂 n. coagulant 斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler 混合滤料 mixed media混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage 板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler 双层滤料滤池 dual media filter烧杯实验 jar test 双层滤池 two-layer filter 板式沉淀池 plate separator最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage 气浮 n. floatation 粗滤料coarse media助凝剂 coagulant aid 泡沫分离 foam separation 细滤料 fine media 助凝剂 flocculation aid 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation 助滤剂filter aid聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes 气浮池 floatation tank 滤后水，滤出水filtered water快速混合 flash-mix , 表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device 滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent撇去 v. skim 滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer , 浮渣 n. scum 浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough浮渣槽 scum trough 过滤周期 filter cycle rapid mixer清洗周期 cleaning cycle 病毒 n. viruses v. inactivate刮砂法 scraping method 藻类 n. algae 接触时间 contact time表面刮砂 surface scraping 需氯量 chlorine demand 原生动物 n.protozoa反冲洗 backwashing 加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage ,水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing 5(氧化 n. oxidation appliedchlorine水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash 自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine , 还原 n. reduction水力分级 hydraulic grading 氧化剂 n. oxidant free available chlorine 化合氯 combined chlorine 强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent4(消毒 n. disinfection 剩余保护 residual protection 高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process余氯 residual chlorine 高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process v. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectant 余氯量 chlorine residual 高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process自由余氯 free residual chlorine 高级氧化技术 (AOT) disinfectionagent杀菌剂 n. germicide 自由氯余量 free chlorine residual advanced oxidation technology消毒过程 disinfection process 化合余氯 combined residual chlorine消毒副产物 disinfection by-products 化合氯余量 combined chlorine residuals 6(吸附 n. adsorption氯化 n. chlorination 折点氯化(法) breakpoint chlorination 活性炭 (AC) activated carbon折点氯化曲线 breakpoint chlorination curve 粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon v. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water 折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage 粒状炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon预氯化 n. prechlorination 氯折点 chlorine breakpoint 颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon氯化消毒副产物 by压力钢瓶 pressured steel cylinder 活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber -products of chlorination化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants 臭氧发生器 ozone generator 再生 n. regeneration液氯 liquid chlorine , 需臭氧量 ozone demand v. regenerate剩余臭氧量 ozone residual 吸附剂 n. adsorbent liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines 剩余臭氧 residual ozone 吸附质 n. adsorbate次氯酸盐 hypochlorites 吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite 致病微生物，病源微生物吸附床adsorption bed二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide 空床接触时间 empty bed contact time pathogenic microorganisms病原体 n. pathogens 吸附带 mass transfer zone 臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation 致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteria or viruses 快速小柱试验 rapid small scale column test细菌 n. bacteria 臭氧化 v. ozonate 生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV) 大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria 伽马射线 gamma radiation 阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts 7(离子交换 n. ion exchange孢子，芽孢 n. spores 灭活 n. inactivation 离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger 电解 n. electrolysis 底物(基质)利用substrate utilization离子交换柱 ion exchange column 电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization 生物量 n. biomass硬度 n. hardness 吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping 生物反应 biological reaction除硬 hardness removal 生物氧化 biological oxidation软化 n. softening 冷却 n. cooling 生物降解 n. biodegradation冷却水 cooling water 生物降解性 n. biodegradability v. soften化学软化 chemical softening 冷却塔 cooling tower 生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable沉淀软化 precipitation softening 第六部分生物处理不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable除盐，脱盐 n. desaltination 生物反应器 n. bioreactor 生物处理biological treatment微生物 n. microorganisms 废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatment v. desalt去矿化 n. demineralization 废水生物处理系统 biological wastewater treatment n. microbes微生物种群 microbial population v. demineralize system离子交换软化法 ion exchange softening process 混合群落 mixed communities 污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatment 离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process 细菌 n. bacteria system复床 combined bed 原生动物 n. protozoa 生物处理法 biological treatment process混合床 mixed bed 真菌 n. fungi 生物处理装置 biological treatment unit轮虫 n. rotifers 串联 in series8(膜分离 membrane separation 生长 n. growth 悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes微滤 n. microfiltration 繁殖 n. reproduction 生物固体 biological solids超滤 n. hyperfiltration 世代时间 generation time 活性污泥 activated sludge纳滤 n. nanofiltration 生长速率 growth rates 附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes反渗透 reverse osmosis 环境因子 environmental factors 附着的微生物attached microbes渗透 n. osmosis 生态因子 ecological factors 微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth半透膜 semipermeable membrane 微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics 生物膜 n. biofilm电渗析 n. electrodialysis 1. 迟滞期 lag phase渗析 n. dialysis 2. 对数生长期 exponential-growth phase 代谢 n. metabolism3. 减速生长期 decling growth phase v. metabolize9(其它处理方法稳定期 stationary phase 稳定，稳定化 n. stabilization 中和 n. neutralization 4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage v. stabilize 内源生长期 endogenous growth phase 生物代谢 biological metabolism v. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes 内源呼吸 endogenous respiration 微生物代谢microbial metabolism化学沉淀 chemical precipitation 好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌 aerobic bacteria沉淀软化 precipitation softening 底物，基质 n. substrate好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms 曝气池 aeration basin 非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation 曝气池 aeration chamber 挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids厌氧的 a. anaerobic 完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin混合液 mixed liquor厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria 活性污泥池 activated sludge tank 混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquor suspended厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation 曝气 n. aeration solids兼性的 a. facultative 混合 n. mixing 混合液挥发性悬浮固体 (MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile兼性菌 facultative bacteria 曝气系统 aeration system suspended solids好氧环境 aerobic environment 曝气器 n. aerator 污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity厌氧环境 anaerobic environment 压缩空气 compressed air 污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index营养物 n. nutrients 空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor 比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate无机营养物 inorganic nutrients 鼓风机，风机 n. blower营养物去除 nutrient removal 循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover 污泥龄sludge age营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal 扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser 曝气池容积 aeration tank volume脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal 空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser 曝气时间 aeration period生物硝化 biological nitrification 鼓泡空气扩散装置(扩散器) bubble air diffuser 曝气时间 aeration time硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 微气泡扩散装置(扩散器) fine-bubble diffuser 水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time 生物反硝化，生物脱氮 biological denitrification 扩散板 plate diffuser 水力负荷 hydraulic loading生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 扩散管 tube diffuser BOD负荷BOD loading扩散罩 dome diffuser1(活性污泥法 activated sludge process 微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffused aeration 普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process 微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes 微气泡 fine-bubble 传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process细菌 n. bacteria 大气泡 coarse-bubble 标准活性污泥法 standard activated sludge process生物絮体 biological floc 传统活性污泥厂 conventional activatedsludge plant 静态混合器 static mixer微生物絮体 microbial floc 机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process活性污泥 activated sludge 机械曝气 mechanical aeration 分段 v. step 絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge 表面曝气 surface aeration进水负荷 influent load回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge 表面曝气器 surface aerator 分段进水 step loading回流污泥 returned sludge 需氧量 oxygen demand 渐减 v. taper回流污泥 recycled sludge 供气量 air supply 渐减曝气 tapered aeration 剩余污泥 excess sludge 氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency 接触稳定活性污泥法废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge contact stabilization activated sludge process废污泥 waste sludge 可沉降固体 settleable solids 再曝气 n. reaeration曝气曝气池 aeration tank 挥发性固体 volatile solids —沉淀—再曝气进水阀 influent valve aeration-sedimentation-reaeration membrane biological reactor完全好氧处理法反应阶段 react phase 2(生物膜法沉淀阶段 settle phase complete aerobic treatment process高负荷(完全混合)活性污泥法清水，上清液 clear water 生物膜 n. biofilm上清液 n. supernatant 生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法排水阶段 draw phase 生物滤池 n. biofilter滗水阶段 decant phase 生物过滤 n. biofiltration extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法 extended aeration process 滗水装置 decant mechanism 旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler延时曝气 extended aeration 闲置阶段，待机阶段 idle phase 填料 n. packings氧化沟 oxidation ditch 塑料管状或蜂窝状填料 plastic tubular or 水平转刷 horizontal rotor 营养物去除 nutrient removal honeycomb-shaped packings转刷曝气 rotor aeration 营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal滴滤池 trickling filter笼型转刷 caged rotor 碳源 carbon source 普通生物滤池 tricklingfilter吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法) 硝化 n. nitrification 高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter adsorption-biodegradation process v. nitrify序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequencing batch reactor 硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aerated filter (SBR) process、反硝化 n. denitrification序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequential batch reactor 生物转盘法 biodisc process v. denitrify脱氮 n. denitrification 生物转盘 rotating biological contactor (SBR) processSBR法 SBR process 生物反硝化，生物脱氮生物转盘 n. biodisc序批式反应器 (SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 塑料盘片 plastic discs biological denitrification序批式反应器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor 缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O 法) 轻质盘片 lightweight discs初沉 primary clarification 水平轴 horizontal shaft anoxic-oxic process 2 曝气 n. aeration 厌氧—缺氧—好氧法 (A/O法) 生物粘液biological slime二沉 secondary clarification 粘液层 slime layer anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process初沉池 primary clarifier A-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺二沉池 secondary clarifier 生物流化床 biological fluidized bed anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process泵送系统 pumping system 脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal biological fluidised bed活性污泥法 activated sludge process 厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX) 生物流化床反应器 fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR) 变体 n. variant anaerobic ammonium oxidationSBR运行周期 SBR cycle 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal moving-bed biofilm reactor处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase 膜生物反应器 (MBR) 3(厌氧生物处理厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction发酵 n. fermentation 消化 n. digestion 厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically v. fermentate v. digest产酸细菌 n. acidogens 消化池 n. digestor 好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens 厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 细菌 n. bacteria产酸阶段 acidogenic phase 污泥消化 sludge digestion 藻类 n. algae产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase 厌氧消化池 anaerobic digestor 微型植物microscopic plants水解 n. hydrolysis 厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process 出流，出水effluent flow厌氧膨胀床反应器光合作用 n. photosynthesis v. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation anaerobic expanded-bed reactor 产氢产乙酸 H-producing acetogenesis 厌氧流化床反应器厌氧塘anaerobic pond 2产甲烷 methanogenesis 曝气塘 aerated pond anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor产酸菌 acid formers 厌氧生物转盘修饰塘 polishing pond产甲烷菌 methane formers , 熟化塘 maturation lagoon anaerobic rotating biological contactor深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids 4(自然生物处理系统三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids自然净化系统 natural purification system 土地处理工艺(过程) land treatment processes硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction 稳定塘 stabilization ponds 关键因素critical factors硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate-reducing bacteria 土壤类型 soil type stabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds 气候 n. climate上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB) 土地处理系统 land treatment systems 土地处理系统 land treatment systems废水土地处理 land treatment of wastewater 慢速土地处理系统 upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity 净化过程 purification process slow rate land treatment system自然净化 natural purification 低负荷土地处理系统厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR) low-rate land treatment system污水塘 sewage lagoon 三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level anaerobic baffled reactor稳定塘 stabilization ponds 灌溉 n. irrigation两段或两级厌氧生物处理 two-stage anaerobic stabilization lagoons v. irrigate氧化塘 oxidation ponds 土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质 biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase anaerobic biotreatment 好氧塘 aerobic pond natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil 产酸相 acidogenic phase 兼性塘 facultative pond 投配的废水 applied wastewater好氧生化反应垄—沟表面布水产甲烷相 methanogenic phase aerobic biochemical reaction浓缩的底流 thickened underflow ridge-and-furrow surface spreading 污泥减量 sludge volume reduction 浓缩污泥 thickened sludge 喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统 rapid infiltration land 污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization 出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理 infiltration-percolation land (污泥)浓缩 n. thickening 溢流 v. overflow污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 堰 n. weir treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration 稳定，稳定化 n. stabilization 气浮浓缩floatation thickening快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation v. stabilize过滤作用 filtering action 稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge 气浮池floatation tank吸附作用 adsorption action 调理(调节) n. conditioning 入流污泥influent sludge地表漫流土地处理系统污泥絮体 sludge flocs v. condition脱水 n. dewatering 撇去 v. skim overland flow land treatment system 地表漫流 overland flow 漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer v. dewater 径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch 干化 n. drying物理、化学和生物过程污泥干化场 sludge drying bed 污泥消化 sludge digestion污泥干燥 heat drying 消化池 n. digester physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地 n. wetland 干燥器 n. dryer 消化池装置 digester unit天然湿地 natural wetland 污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration 消化 n. digestion人工湿地 constructed wetland 焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator v. digest 有机固体 organic solids man-made wetland污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 生化分解 biochemical decomposition第七部分:污泥处理、处置与利用物理过程 physical process 好氧消化aerobic digestion污泥 n. sludge 含水过多的污泥 watery sludge 好氧污泥消化 aerobic sludge digestion生活污水污泥 sewage sludge 稀污泥 thin sludge 好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process污泥体积，污泥量 sludge volume 处理装置 treatment unit 活性污泥池activated sludge tank原污泥，生污泥 raw sludge 浓缩池 n. thickener 预制的(成套)活性污泥处理系统新鲜污泥，生污泥 fresh sludge 重力浓缩 gravity thickening prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment消化污泥，熟污泥 digested sludge 重力浓缩池 gravity thickener systems混合污泥 mixed sludge 圆形污水沉淀池预制的接触稳定或污泥处理 sludge treatment circular sewage sedimentation tank prefabricated contact stabilization or污泥处置 sludge disposal 刮泥机 sludge scraper 延时曝气处理系统最终处置 ultimate disposal 搅拌作用 stirring action extended aeration treatment systems填埋 n. landfill 底流 n. underflow BOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass 废水回用 wastewater reuse 冷却塔水 cooling tower water内源衰亡 endogenous decay 直接回用 direct reuse 选择性处理 optional treatment直接废水回用 direct wastewater reuse 水费 water costs厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 间接回用 indirect reuse 回用的城市污水厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion 间接废水回用 indirect wastewater reuse reclaimed municipal wastewater 有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank 出水处理 effluent treatment 工业过程 industrial processes 消化过程 digestion process 回用水 reclaimed water 冷却水 cooling water 厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion process 排放 n. , v. discharge 锅炉给水boiler feedwater 生化反应 biochemical reactions 保留 n. retention 灌溉回用 irrigation reuse 有机酸 organic acids 循环 n. recycling 废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater 挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids 低负荷土地处理系统 low-rate land treatment system v. recycle 甲烷气 methane gas 部分处理 n. partial treatment 间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation 末端产物 end product 最终用途 end use 废水排放 wastewater discharge 指示剂 n. indicator 城市污水回用 municipal wastewater reuse 雨水回用 storm water reuse 污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas 灌溉 n. irrigation 可回用水 reusable water 污泥沉淀 sludge settling 景观灌溉 landscape irrigation Part ?: 第九部分:污泥储存 sludge storage 地下水回灌 groundwater recharge 投资成本，投资费(用) capital costs 消化污泥 digested sludge 建设成本，建设费(用) construction costs充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge 市政回用 municipal reuse 运行成本，运行费(用) operating costs 消化池上清液 digester supernatant 直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse 能耗成本 energy costs 中温消化 mesophilic digestion 深度处理，高级处理 advanced treatment 运行维护 operation and maintenance 高温消化 thermophilic degestion 分质供水系统 dual-distribution system 运行控制 operational control间接市政回用 indirect municipal reuse 控制系统 control system污泥脱水 sludge dewatering 供水系统，给水系统 water supply system 仪表/控制系统混合堆肥 co-composting 取水口 n. intake instrumentation/control system天然同化能力 natural assimilative capacity 自动控制系统，自控系统污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs 人工回灌 artificial recharge automatic control system深井注射 deep-well injection第八部分:废水回用浅表布水 shallow surface spreading地表水资源 surface water resource 渗透 n. percolation地下水资源 groundwater resource 工业回用 industrial reuse水短缺 water scarcity 工艺废水，过程废水 process wastewaters回用 n. , v. reuse 工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant process makeup water。
给排水专业英语李康
给排水专业英语李康
给排水专业英语翻译为"Plumbing and Drainage Engineering"。
在给排水专业中，有一些常用的英语词汇和短语，如下所示：
1. Plumbing - 管道安装
2. Drainage - 排水系统
3. Piping - 管道
4. Sewer - 下水道
5. Water supply - 供水系统
6. Water distribution - 配水系统
7. Plumbing fixtures - 卫浴设备
8. Sanitary fittings - 卫生设备
9. Ventilation - 通风系统
10. Pumping station - 泵站
11. Sewage treatment - 污水处理
12. Stormwater management - 雨水管理
13. Plumbing code - 管道安装规范
14. Plumbing design - 管道设计
15. Plumbing installation - 管道安装
16. Plumbing maintenance - 管道维护
17. Plumbing repair - 管道维修
18. Plumbing inspection - 管道检查
19. Water conservation - 节水
20. Backflow prevention - 防止倒流
以上是一些常见的给排水专业英语词汇和短语，希望对你有帮助！。
建筑给水排水基本术语中英对照翻译
建筑给水排水基本术语中英对照翻译建筑给水排水基本术语中英对照翻译中德工程建筑设施智能技术093132 张伟）1、给水工程water supply engineering 原水取集和处理以及成品水输配工程。
2、排水工程sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水工程。
3、给水系统water supply system 给水取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成总体。
4、排水系统sewerage system 排水收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成总体。
5、给水水源water source 给水工程所取用原水水体。
6、原水raw water 由水源地取来原料水。
7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气水。
8、地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或土壤空隙中水。
9、苦咸水（碱性水） brackish water ,alkaline water 碱度大于硬度水，并含大量中性盐，PH 值大于7。
10、淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L 水。
11、冷却水cooling water 用以降低被冷却对象温度水。
12、废水wastewater 居民活动过程中排出水及径流雨水总称。
它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠其它水。
13、污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染来自生活和生产排出水。
14、用水量water consumption 用水对象实际使用水量。
15、污水量wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统水量。
16、用水定额water flow norm 对不同排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理单位排水量数值。
17、排水定额wastewater flow norm 对不同排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理单位排水量数值。
给排水专业英语词汇汇总
unit oneDistribution system分配系统Grid system 环状管网ring system环状管网loop feeder 环状管网branching system 枝状管网combination system 联合管网（combined system）Topography地形学，地形，地貌，地势dead end死水点feeder 给水管，进料器Elevation地面标高valve 阀门，真空管water supply 给水，自来水，供水系统service reservoir 配水池（调节水池）pump 泵storage element （储水）构筑物70m head 70米水柱leakage rate 泄漏量（泄漏率）hydraulic 水力的，水压的hydraulic analysis 水力分析field measurement 现场测量（实测）field date 实测数据key point管网节点pipe junctions 管网节点node （key point, junction）节点sign convention符号规约positive clockwise 取顺时针方向为正head loss 水头损失iterative solution 迭代解loop method 环路法flow, runoff, discharge 流量Sanitary 环境卫生的（尤指清除废物）Sewer 下水道，污水管Sanitary sewer 生活污水管道Connection连接管，排出管Cast-iron pipe 铸铁管（补充内容）PVC 聚氯乙烯Grade line 坡度线slope 倾斜度，坡度collecting sewer 污水支管Interceptor 截流污水管（intercepting sewer）Domestic民用的，生活的Manhole 人孔，检查井drainage 排污系统，排水装置，下水道sewerage system 污水工程系统invert 管道内底Pump station 泵站unit twoContaminant 污染物ground water 地下水surface water 地表水wastewater 污废水Floating materials漂浮物suspended materials悬浮物Colloidal materials 胶体物质colloidal particles 胶体微粒Dissolved materials 溶解物质Dissolved gases 溶解气体Microorganisms微生物（microbe）organic and inorganic constituents 有机和无机成分hardness-ion 硬度离子hardness 硬度carbon dioxide二氧化碳hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢Alga(algae) 水藻，藻类Clay 粘土silt泥沙，淤泥pathogenic病原体，致病菌，病原菌Bacteria 细菌Ammonia 氨，氨水Methane gas甲烷，沼气turbidity 浊度taste 味odor 臭drinking water 饮用水water sample 水样suspension 悬浮液turbidity unit (TU) 浊度单位turbidimeter 浊度表，浊度仪Solubility 溶度，溶解性Metabolism 新陈代谢standard color solution 标准比色液threshold odor number 臭阈值boiler feed water 锅炉给水boiler water supply锅炉给水demineralize 去除矿物质scale deposit 水垢，积垢Outfall 出水口，排水口chemical clarification 化学（法）澄清coagulation 混凝coagulant 混凝剂sedimentation 沉淀filtration 过滤disinfection 消毒synthetic polymer 合成聚合物Activated carbon 活性炭Chlorine 氯sedimentation basin 沉淀池oxidize 使氧化，使生锈soften 软化settle-able 会沉淀的Aeration曝气通风unit threeplain settling 自由沉淀detention time 滞留时间Flocculation 絮凝Flocs 絮凝体coagulant aid 助凝剂(flocculation aid) natural alkalinity 自然碱度high-molecular compound 高分子化合物jar test 烧杯实验Centrifugal 离心的low-lift pump 低扬程水泵suction line 吸入管线索impeller 叶轮pump casing 泵壳Paddle-type flocculator 桨板式絮凝器（池）Clarifier 澄清池up flow clarifier 升流式澄清池contact tank 接触反应池Sedimentation basins 沉淀池inlet baffle 进水挡板effluent weir 出水堰tube settler 管式沉淀池influent flow 入流reaction jet structure 喷流结构finger launder 指形槽结构effluent launder 出流槽cross baffle 横向挡板settling tank 沉淀池（settler）aqueous suspension 水悬浮液shallower basin 浅池parallel-plate settler 斜板沉淀池tube settler 斜管沉淀池feed rate 这里指水流速度laminar flow 层流filter medium 过滤介质（滤料）anthracite 无烟煤mixed-media 复合滤料back-wash 反冲洗hydraulic grading水力分级High-Rate Sedimentation Basins 高效澄清池Slow and Rapid Sand Filter慢砂滤池和快砂滤池Mixed-media Filter 复合滤料滤池specific gravity 比重filter cycle 过滤周期oxidation potential 氧化电势，氧化性reduction potential 还原电势，还原性ozone 臭氧Oxidant 氧化剂Reducer 还原剂germicidal property杀菌能力（germicide杀菌剂）molecular weight 分子量Halogen 卤素pilot 试验性的Chlorination 氯化，用氯处理water-borne disease 水传播病THM S三卤甲烷breakpoint chlorination 折点加氯breakpoint dosage折点剂量free (available) chlorine 自由性氯chlorine demand 需氯量combined chlorine 化合性氯unit fourWater Pollution水污染Organic wastes有机废物municipal waste 市政污水Dissolved oxygen 溶解氧（DO）slightly soluble 微溶于水的Saturation 饱和状态saturation concentration 饱和浓度biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)生化需氧量pollutant 污染物Biodegradable 可生物降解的chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量oxidizing agent 氧化剂wastewater treatment plant 污水处理厂total suspended solids （TSS）总悬浮固体mixed liquor suspended-solids(MLSS) 混合液悬浮固体浓度volatile suspended solids (VSS) 挥发性固体wastewater analysis 污水水质分析water pollution control水污染控制Anaerobic 厌氧菌的，厌氧引起的Aerobic 需氧的，好氧的unit fivePrimary treatment 一级处理screen 格栅grit chamber 沉砂池settler 沉淀池V-notch weir三角堰primary clarifier 初沉池turbulence 紊流primary effluent 一级出水secondary treatment 二级处理biological treatment system 生物处理系统activated-sludge system 活性污泥系统aeration basin 曝气池return activated sludge （RAS）回流污泥air diffuser 空气扩散器step aeration activated-sludge process 阶段曝气活性污泥法BOD-SS loading BOD污泥负荷mixed liquor suspended-solids(MLSS) 混合液悬浮固体浓度sequential batch reactor (SBR) 序批式（间歇式）活性污泥法primary clarifier 初沉池secondary clarifier 二沉池Sludge treatment 污泥处理volume reduction 减量化Sludge thickening 污泥浓缩gravity thickener重力浓缩池sludge scraper 刮泥器Sludge digestion 污泥消化methane-forming bacteria产甲烷菌。
给排水专业英语Unit7
n.
n. adj. n.
干管 干线
千帕斯卡 到处存在的, (同时)普遍存在的 紧急情况, 突然事件
water consumption n. 用水量 耗水量
6.1 New words and expressions
backup
n. vt.
储备 备份 回溯 做备份 紧急情况的储备 管道工程 室内管道系统 计量 排水系统 污水
emergency backup plumbing meterage sewerage n. n. n.
per capita
water meter leak n.
每人 按人数平均
水表 漏出物，泄漏，漏洞
vi.
socioeconomic adj
泄漏 the roof leaks
社会经济学的
译：人口和用水方式是控制所需用水量、水源、以及水资源系统的整个
组成的主要因素。选择一个合适的供水水源的首要步骤就是确定它必须
满足的供水量。
6.3 Important sentences
2. The average daily water consumption must be estimated for two reasons:
译：因为如下两个原因导致了平均日用水量必须被估算：（ 1 ）当地面水
处于低流量或地下水水位降至最低高度的紧急时段，需要确定水源满足连 续用水需求的能力；（ 2 ）为了估算在上述紧急时段能够满足用水需求 所 储存的水量。
n. 高度；提升
6.3 Important sentences
3. For example , the mere fact ( that water under pressure is available )
给排水专业英语汇总
UNIT1污水sewage给水工程water supply engineering废水wastewater排水工程sewage engineering废水采集wastewater collection市政工程civil engineering废水办理wastewater disposal市政工程师civil engineer受纳水体receiving waters环境工程environmental engineering污染pollutionpollute水文学hydrology污染物pollutant水力学hydranlies玷辱、污染contamination水环境natural aquatic environment致污物contaminant流域watershed未污染uncontaminated水体waterbody水污染water pollution地表水surface water水污染控制water pollution control淡水freshwater水污染防治water pollution prevention地下水groundwater污水回用wastewater reuse含水层aquifer UNIT2天然含水层natural aquifer水欠缺water scarcity地下含水层underground aquifer地表水资源surface water resource水文循环natural hydrologic cycle管网Pipe Network渗滤infiltration供水系统water supply system降水precipitation市政配水系统municipal distribution system 浸透precolation建筑给水系统 house water supply system蒸发evaporation分区供水系统dual distribution system蒸腾transpiration小区micro district城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle小社区small community水源water source冷水供水系统cold water supply system水资源water resource热水供水系统hot water supply system取水water withdrawal消防系统fire protection system水办理water treatment喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system配水water distribution自动水幕系统automatic drencher system用水water use半自动水幕系统.semi automatic drencher system消火栓hydrant排水系统drainage system生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrial system雨水排水系统stormwater system合流制combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统building drainage system卫生洁具plumbing fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water transmission system漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distribution system环状管网grid (looped)system支状管网branching(branched) system下水管道sanitary sewer污水节流管intercepting( 中间截取 ) sewer污水节流系统intercepting sewer system污水节流井sewage intercepting well支管collection ( 目的：采集 )sewer collector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水industrial wastewater工业污水 /液 /物industrial wastes农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes雨水rainwater stormwater水位waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度grade倾斜度slope明渠Open channel开挖excavation深度excavation depth水力剖析hydraulic analysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit 3水头损失Head loss速度头动压头 Velocity head静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line 重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump station给水泵站Water pump station污水泵站Sewage station提高泵站Lift pumping plant增压泵Booster pump离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇Submerine深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Manhole法兰Flange阀门Valve.闸阀Gate valve合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals泵送系统Pumping system挥发性有机化合物Volatile organic ohemicals流量Flow rate无机化合物Inorganic chemical流速Fluid velocity微生物Micro organisms\microbes层流Laminar flow微生物污染Microbial contaminants滞流粘性流viscous flow病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms过渡流Transitional flow病原体Pathogenic湍流Turbulent flow病毒Pathogenic bacterin紊流Turbulence flow细菌Bacteria涡流Eddying flow大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria雷诺数Teynolds number病毒Viruses水质Water guality藻类Algae水源Water sources浊度Turbidity供水水源Water supples放射性Radionuclide原水Raw water感官性状Esthetic qualities未办理水Untreated water审美Esthetic出水Finished water味Taste原水水质Raw-water quality嗅Odo水质标准Water quality standards色Colour水质要求Water quality requirements变色Discolouration饮用水Drink water\potable water变色Discolor自来水Tap water水质物理参数 Physical parameters of water quality纯水Pure water水的物理性质Physical quality of water饮用水标准Drinking water standards浊度值Turbidity values饮用水一级标 Primary drinking water standards浊度单位Turdidity unit最大同意浓度Maxmum permissible levels污浊单位Turdidmaxmum allowable levels嗅阈值Threshold odor number 最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels化学性质Chemical quality主要污染物Primary contaminants水质化学参数 Chemical parameters of water quality有机化合物Organic chemicals溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO).溶解氧浓度Do level杀虫剂农药 Pesticide间歇办理方式Batch treatment approach溶解氧均衡Do balance害虫Pest平均均化Equalization氧损Oxygen depletion杀虫剂Insecticide平均Equalize有机污染物Organic pollutant除草剂Herbicide调蓄水池Equalization storage生化需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)杀菌剂Germicide调理池Equalization tank总氮Total nitrogen (TN)细菌Germ蓄水池Storage tank总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)防腐剂Preservative降解Degrade悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)保证Preserve分解Decompose总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)冲洗剂Cleaning agent分别Separate溶解Dissolved(DS)清洗剂Detergent隔绝Separation总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)发泡剂Foaming agent物理法Physical processUnit 4泡沫Foam物理办理Physical treatment溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese化肥Fertilizer物理办理过程Physical treatment process硬度Hardness肥饶的Fertile一级办理Primary treatment碱度Alkalinity富营养化Eutrophication初步办理Preliminary treatment盐度Salinity营养的Trophic格栅筛滤Screening有害物质Toxic and hazardous materials营养水平Trophic level格栅Screen氰化物Cyanides生态位Niche格栅Bar screen急性毒性Acute toxity Unit 5栅条Bars慢性毒性Chronic toxity原污水Raw sewage钢栅条Steel bars基因毒性Genetic toxicity原废水Raw wastes渣耙Cleaning rakes基因Gene办理水Treated wastes圆形破裂机Circular grinder难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals回用水Redaimed water破裂Grind永远性有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants水办理过程Water processing除砂Degritting致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals采集Collect砂Grit三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes处理Dispose沙Sand卤素Halogen办理方法Treatment method除砂Grit removal甲基Methyl办理花费Treatment costs沉砂池Grit chamber氯仿Trichloromethane办理单元Treatment process积淀Settling三氯甲烷Chloroform运转模式Operational mode积淀池Settling tank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settling tank一级出水Primary effluent二级办理Secondary treatment二级办理工艺Secondary treatment process 生物办理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池Secondary settling tank最后澄清池Final clarifier最后积淀池Final settling tank二级出水Secondary effluent三级办理Tertiary treatment深度办理Advanced treatment废水消毒Waste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow同意浓度Allowable levels优秀出水 High-quality polished effluent废水办理厂Wastewater treatment plant污水办理厂Sewage treatment plant二级办理厂Secondary treatment plant城市污水办理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程Municipal engineering土木匠程Civil engineering城市污水办理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant 污水办理能力Sewage treatment capacity 电容Capacitance污水办理设备Municipal treatment facilities 多反响器设备Multi-reactor facility办理池Treatment tank负荷Load负荷Loadings水力负荷Hydrautic loading污染负荷Pollutant load有机负荷Organic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分：物化办理1．混凝n.coagulation混凝过程coagulation process化学混凝chemical coagulation凝集n.aggregation絮凝n.flocculationv.flocculate异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂n.coagulant混凝剂投量coagulant dosage烧杯实验jar test最正确混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage助凝剂coagulant aid助凝剂flocculation aid聚电解质n.polyelectrolytes迅速混淆flash-mix ,rapid-mix迅速混淆器flash mixer ,rapid mixer.混淆池mixer tank迅速混淆池flash-mix tank絮凝器n.flocculator絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-contact tank澄清n.clarificationv.clarify澄清池n.clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier澄清水clarifying water2．积淀n.sedimentation沉降 n.sedimentation自由沉降plain settling拥堵沉降hindered settling重力沉降gravity settling积淀池settling tank积淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank矩形积淀池rectangular settling tank圆形积淀池circular settling tank管式积淀池tube settler斜管积淀池steeply inclined tube settler板式积淀池parallel-plate settler板式积淀池plate separator气浮n. floatation泡沫分别foam separation溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device撇去v.skim助滤剂filter aid浮渣n.scum滤后水，滤出水filtered water浮渣槽scum trough滤后水，滤池出水filter effluent刮泥机sludge scraper滤前水，滤池进水filter influent排泥sludge drawoff浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough sludge withdrawal过滤周期filter cycle预积淀n.presedimentation冲洗周期cleaning cycle预积淀池presedimentation basin刮砂法scraping method表面刮砂surface scraping3．过滤n.filtration反冲刷backwashing滤池n.filter水力反冲刷hydraulic backwashing慢滤池slow filter水力反冲刷hydraulic backwash快滤池rapid filter水力分级hydraulic grading高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter砂滤池sand filter4．消毒n.disinfection慢砂滤池slow sand filter v. disinfect快砂滤池rapid sand filter消毒剂n.disinfectant重力滤池gravity filter disinfection agent压力滤池pressure filter杀菌剂n.germicide过滤介质，滤料filter medium消毒过程disinfection process石英砂 silica sand消毒副产物disinfection by-products 无烟煤n.anthracite氯化n.chlorination硅藻土diatomaceous earth v.chlorinate煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds氯化水chlorinated water多层滤料multilayered media预氯化n.prechlorination混淆滤料mixed media氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlorination 双层滤料滤池dual media filter化学消毒剂chemical disinfectants 双层滤池two-layer filter液氯liquid chlorine ,粗滤料coarse media liquefied chlorine细滤料fine media氯胺n.chloramines.次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlorine dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒n.ozonation臭氧化v.ozonate紫外线(UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线gamma radiation灭活n.inactivationv.inactivate接触时间contact time需氯量chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯combined chlorine节余保护residual protection余氯residual chlorine余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residual chlorine自由氯余量free chlorine residual化合余氯combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals折点氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量breakpoint dosage氯折点chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器ozone generator需臭氧量ozone demand节余臭氧量ozone residual节余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体n.pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌n.bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢n.spores病毒n.viruses藻类n.algae原生动物n.protozoa5．氧化n.oxidation复原 n.reduction氧化剂n.oxidant强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法(AOP)advanced oxidation process 高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术(AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附n.adsorption活性炭(AC)activated carbon粉末炭(PAC)powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC)granular activated carbon 颗粒活性炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon 活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber 重生 n.regenerationv.regenerate吸附剂n.adsorbent吸附质n.adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column吸附床adsorption bed空床接触时间empty bed contact time吸附加mass transfer zone迅速小柱试验rapid small scale column test生物活性炭(BAC)biological activated carbon7．离子互换n. ion exchange离子互换树脂ion exchange resin离子互换器ion exchanger离子互换柱ion exchange column硬度n.hardness除硬hardness removal融化n.softeningv.soften化学融化chemical softening积淀融化precipitation softening除盐，脱盐n.desaltinationv. desalt去矿化n.demineralizationv.demineralize离子互换融化法ion exchange softening process离子互换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process 复床combined bed.混淆床mixed bed8．膜分别membrane separation微滤n.microfiltration超滤n.hyperfiltration纳滤n.nanofiltration反浸透reverse osmosis浸透n.osmosis半透膜semipermeable membrane电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析n.dialysis9．其余办理方法中和n.neutralizationv.neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学积淀chemical precipitation积淀融化precipitation softening电解n.electrolysis电除盐(EDI)n.electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. stripping冷却n. cooling冷却水cooling water冷却塔cooling tower第六部分生物办理生物反响器n. bioreactor微生物n. microorganismsn. microbes微生物种群microbial population混淆群落mixed communities废水生物办理biological wastewater treatment细菌n.bacteria废水生物办理系统biological wastewater treatment 原生动物n. protozoa system真菌n.fungi污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatment 轮虫n. rotifers system生长n.growth生物办理法biological treatment process生殖n.reproduction生物办理装置biological treatment unit世代时间generation time串连in series生长速率growth rates悬浮生长办理法suspended-growth treatment processes环境因子environmental factors生物固体biological solids生态因子ecological factors活性污泥activated sludge微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics附着生长办理法attached-growth treatment processes1.迟滞期lag phase附着的微生物attached microbes2.对数生长久exponential-growth phase微生物附着生长attached microbial growth3.减速生长久decling growth phase生物膜n.biofilm稳固期stationary phase4.内源呼吸阶段endogenous stage代谢n.metabolism内源生长久endogenous growth phase v.metabolize内源呼吸endogenous respiration稳固，稳固化n. stabilizationv.stabilize底物，基质n.substrate生物代谢biological metabolism底物（基质）利用substrate utilization微生物代谢microbial metabolism生物量 n. biomass好氧的 a.aerobic生物反响biological reaction好氧菌aerobic bacteria生物氧化biological oxidation好氧微生物aerobic microorganisms生物降解n. biodegradation好氧氧化aerobic oxidation生物降解性n.biodegradability厌氧的 a.anaerobic生物可降解的，可生物降解的a. biodegradable厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria不行生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation生物办理biological treatment兼性的 a.facultative.兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment厌氧环境anaerobic environment营养物n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化biological nitrification硝化菌nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal1．活性污泥法activated sludge process微生物n.microorganismsn. microbes细菌 n.bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥(RAS)returned activated sludge回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge节余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥(WAS)waste activated sludge废污泥waste sludge曝气池aeration tank曝气池aeration basin曝气池aeration chamber完整混淆曝气池completely mixed aeration basin活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n.aeration混淆n.mixing曝气系统aeration system曝气器n.aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机air compressor鼓风机，风机n.blower循环 /切换n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble air diffuser 微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser 扩散板plate diffuser扩散管tube diffuser扩散罩dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡fine-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混淆器static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aeration systems机械曝气mechanical aeration表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供肚量air supply氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)volatile suspended solids混淆液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)mixed liquor suspendedsolids混淆液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatilesuspended solids污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI)sludge volume index比耗氧速率(SOUR)specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aeration tank volume曝气时间aeration period曝气时间aeration time水力逗留时间(HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷hydraulic loadingBOD 负荷BOD loading一般活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process传统活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂 conventional activated sludge plant 阶段曝气活性污泥 step aeration activated sludge process分段v.step进水负荷influent load分段进水step loading渐减v.taper渐减曝气tapered aeration接触稳固活性污泥法.contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气n. reaeration曝气—积淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完整好氧办理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完整混淆）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法extended aeration process延时曝气extended aeration氧化沟oxidation ditch水平转刷horizontal rotor转刷曝气rotor aeration笼型转刷caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺(AB 法)adsorption-biodegradation process(SBR 法 ) sequencingbatch reactor序批式活性污泥法(SBR 法 ) sequential batch reactor(SBR) processSBR 法SBR process序批式反响器(SBR)sequencing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反响器(SBR)sequential batch reactor初沉primary clarification曝气n. aeration二沉secondary clarification初沉池primary clarifier二沉池secondary clarifier序批式活性污泥法(SBR) process、.泵送系统pumping system anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process轻质盘片lightweight discs活性污泥法activated sludge process A-A-O 法同步脱氮除磷工艺水平轴horizontal shaft变体n.variant anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process生物黏液biological slimeSBR 运转周期SBR cycle脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal黏液层slime layer办理周期process cycle厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)进水阶段fill phase anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物流化床biological fluidized bed进水阀influent valve生物除磷biological phosphorus removal biological fluidised bed反响阶段react phase生物流化床反响器fluidized-bed bioreactor积淀阶段settle phase膜生物反响器(MBR)挪动床生物膜反响器(MBBR)清水，上清液clear water membrane biological reactor moving-bed biofilm reactor上清液n.supernatant2．生物膜法排水阶段draw phase3．厌氧生物办理滗水阶段decant phase生物膜n.biofilm滗水装置decant mechanism生物膜反响器biofilm reactor发酵n.fermentation闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase生物滤池n.biofilter v.fermentate生物过滤n.biofiltration产酸细菌n.acidogens营养物去除nutrient removal旋转布水器rotary sprinkler产甲烷细菌n.methanogens营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal填料n.packings产酸阶段acidogenic phase碳源carbon source塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular or 产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase 硝化n.nitrification honeycomb-shaped packings水解n.hydrolysis v.nitrify滴滤池trickling filter v.hydrolysis硝化菌nitrifying bacteria一般生物滤池trickling filter产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation反硝化n.denitrification高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter产氢产乙酸H 2-producing acetogenesis v.denitrify塔式生物滤池tower biofilter产甲烷methanogenesis 脱氮n.denitrification曝气生物滤池(BAF)biological aerated filter产酸菌acid formers生物反硝化，生物脱氮产甲烷菌methane formers , biological denitrification生物转盘法biodisc process methane-forming bacteria缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O 法)生物转盘rotating biological contactor有机酸organic acidsanoxic-oxic process生物转盘n.biodisc挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A 2/O法 )塑料盘片plastic discs硫酸盐复原sulfate reduction硫酸盐复原菌sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上涨流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反响器(ABR) anaerobicbaffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物办理two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相acidogenic phase产甲烷相methanogenic phase消化n.digestionv. digest消化池n.digestor厌氧消化anaerobic digestion污泥消化sludge digestion厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process 厌氧膨胀床反响器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反响器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor 4．自然生物办理系统自然净化系统natural purification system 稳固塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds土地办理系统land treatment systems废水土地办理 land treatment of wastewater 净化过程 purification process 自然净化 naturalpurification污水塘sewage lagoon稳固塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反响 aerobic biochemical reaction 厌氧生化反响 anaerobic biochemical reaction 厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically 好氧稳固 aerobic stabilization细菌n.bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic plants出流，出水effluent flow光合作用n.photosynthesis厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond.修饰塘polishing pond熟化塘maturation lagoon深度办理塘 advanced treatment pond 三级办理塘 tertiary treatment pond土地办理工艺（过程）land treatment processes重点要素critical factors土壤种类soil type天气n. climate土地办理系统 land treatment systems 慢速土地办理系统slow rate land treatment system低负荷土地办理系统low-rate land treatmentsystem 三级办理水平tertiary treatmentlevel 浇灌 n. irrigationv.irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties ofsoil 投配的废水 applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration landtreatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation landtreatment迅速渗滤rapid infiltration迅速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method 过滤作用 filtering action吸附作用adsorption action地表漫流土地办理系统overland flow land treatmentsystem 地表漫流 overland flow径流集水渠 runoff collection ditch 物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes 湿地 n. wetland天然湿地natural wetland人工湿地constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥办理、处理与利用污泥n.sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量sludge volume原污泥，生污泥raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge混淆污泥mixed sludge污泥办理sludge treatment污泥处理sludge disposal最后处理ultimate disposal填埋n. landfill污泥减量 sludge volume reduction 污泥稳固化 sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩n. thickening污泥浓缩sludge thickening稳固，稳固化n.stabilizationv.stabilize稳固了的污泥stabilized sludge调治（调理）n.conditioningv.condition脱水n.dewateringv.dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n.dryer污泥燃烧，污泥焚化n. incineration燃烧炉，焚化炉n.incinerator污泥浓缩sludge thickening物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥thin sludge办理装置treatment unit浓缩池n. thickener重力浓缩gravity thickening重力浓缩池gravity thickener圆形污水积淀池circular sewage sedimentationtank 刮泥机 sludge scraper搅拌作用stirring action底流n.underflow浓缩的底流thickened underflow浓缩污泥thickened sludge出水n.effluent.上清液n.supernatant溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatation thickening溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank入流污泥influent sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim飘荡污泥层floating sludge layer污泥消化sludge digestion消化池n.digester消化池装置digester unit消化n.digestionv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解 biochemical decomposition 好氧消化 aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digestion 好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process 活性污泥池 activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥办理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatmentsystems预制的接触稳固或prefabricated contact stabilizationor 延时曝气办理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD 负荷 BOD loading.细胞物质cellular mass地下水资源groundwater resource深井注射deep-well injection内源衰灭endogenous decay水欠缺water scarcity浅表布水shallow surface spreading回用n. , v.reuse浸透n.percolation 厌氧消化anaerobic digestion废水回用wastewater reuse工业回用industrial reuse厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludge digestion直接回用direct reuse工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters 有盖的圆形池covered circular tank直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse工艺增补水，过程增补水plant process makeup water 消化过程digestion process间接回用indirect reuse冷却塔水cooling tower water厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestion process间接废水回用indirect wastewater reuse选择性办理optional treatment生化反响biochemical reactions出水办理effluent treatment水费water costs有机酸organic acids回用水reclaimed water回用的城市污水挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)volatile fatty acids排放n. , v.discharge reclaimed municipal wastewater甲烷气methane gas保存n.retention工业过程industrial processes尾端产物end product循环n.recycling冷却水cooling water指示剂n.indicator v.recycle锅炉给水boiler feedwater污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas部分办理n. partial treatment浇灌回用irrigation reuse污泥积淀sludge settling最后用途end use废水直接浇灌 direct irrigation with wastewater 污泥储藏sludge storage城市污水回用municipal wastewater reuse低负荷土地办理系统low-rate land treatment system 消化污泥digested sludge浇灌n.irrigation间接浇灌回用indirect reuse for irrigation充足消化的污泥well-digested sludge景观浇灌landscape irrigation废水排放wastewater discharge消化池上清液digester supernatant地下水回灌groundwater recharge雨水回用storm water reuse中温消化mesophilic digestion可回用水reusable water高温消化thermophilic degestion市政回用municipal reuse Part Ⅸ :第九部分：直接市政回用direct municipal reuse投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs 污泥脱水sludge dewatering深度办理，高级办理advanced treatment建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs 混淆堆肥co-composting分质供水系统dual-distribution system运转成本，运转费（用）operating costs间接市政回用indirect municipal reuse能耗成本energy costs 污泥办理总成本 overall sludge-handling costs供水系统，给水系统water supply system运转保护operation and maintenance取水口n.intake运转控制operational control第八部分：废水回用天然同化能力natural assimilative capacity控制系统control system地表水资源surface water resource人工回灌artificial recharge仪表 /控制系统.instrumentation/control system自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。
给排水专业英语
1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face槽面groove face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket 双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y)阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）compact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve执行机构actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接（接头）flanged joint对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe 2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓 bolt六角头螺栓 hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓 square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓 stud bolt环头螺检 eye bolt沉头螺栓 countersunk (head) screw地脚螺栓 anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝） turnbuckleU形螺栓 U-boltT形螺栓 T-bolt圆头螺钉 round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉 maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓 Jack screw自攻螺钉 self tapping screw膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt粗制的 coarse精制的 finished, fine螺母 nut六角螺母 hexagonal nut方螺母 square nut蝶形螺母 wing nut扁螺母 flat nut锁紧螺母 lock nut垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer球面垫圈 spherical washer弹簧垫圈 spring washer方垫圈 square washer斜垫圈 slant washer销轴 pinned shan销 pin开口销 cotter pin定位销 dowel pin带孔销 pin with hole圆锥销 taper pin铆钉 rivet键 key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹 right hand thread管螺纹 pipe thread锥管螺纹 taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹 trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹 fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹 metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹 American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔 tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal碳素钢 carbon steel (CS)低碳钢 low-carbon steel中碳钢 medium-carbon steel高碳钢 high-carbon steel普通碳素钢 general carbon steel优质碳素钢 high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢 general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢 structural alloy steel合金钢 alloy steel低合金钢 low alloy steel中合金钢 medium alloy steel高合金钢 high alloy steel耐热钢 heat resisting steel高强度钢 high strength steel复合钢 clad steel工具钢 tool steel弹簧钢 spring steel钼钢 molybdenum steel镍钢 nickel steel铬钢 chromium steel铬钼钢 chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢 stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金） Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy铬镍铁合金 inconel耐热铬镍铁合金 incoloy20合金 20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢） Martin steel镇静钢 killed steel半镇静钢 semi-killed steel沸腾钢 rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel锻钢 forged steel铸钢 cast steel铸铁 cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁 grey cast iron可锻铸铁 malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁 nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁 pig iron熟铁，锻铁 wrought iron铸件 casting高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢 chromized steel镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层 plating锻造，型钢 swage锻造的，锻造 forging轧制 rolling热轧 hot rolling冷轧 cold rolling挤压 extruding冷加工 cold working热加工 hot working拔制 drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝 aluminum铜，紫铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze铝青铜 aluminum bronze磷青铜 phosphor bronze铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium锰青铜 manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金） Monel镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy非铁合金 nonferrous alloy钛 titanium铅 lead硬铅 hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度 ultimate strength抗拉强度 tensile strength屈服极限 yield limit屈服点 yield point延伸率 percentage elongation抗压强度 compressive strength抗弯强度 bending strength弹性极限 elastic limit冲击值 impact value疲劳极限 fatigue limit蠕变极限 creep limit持久极限 endurance limit布氏硬度 Brinell hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度 creep rupture strength断面收缩率 reduction of area韧性 toughess脆性 brittleness延性 ductility冷脆 cold shortness冷流 cold flow3.2 非金属材料 Non-metallic Material塑料 plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 聚乙烯 polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶 styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯 polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯 polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺 polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料 acetal plastic尼龙塑料 nylon plastic聚烯烃 polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料 graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料 fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料 thermoplastic热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics胶粘剂 adhesive溶剂胶接剂 solvent cement树脂 resin环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂 polyester resin聚酯纤维 polyester fibers氟塑料 fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin脲醛树脂 urea resin呋哺树脂 furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体 ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶 synthetic rubber橡胶 rubber丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶 neoprene天然橡胶 natural rubber乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃 glass硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass耐火砖 fire brick陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel木材 wood3.3 型材型钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beamT型钢 T-bar方钢 square bar扁钢 flat bar角钢 hexagonal steel bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel钢板 plate网纹钢板 checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板） web翼缘（指型钢的缘） wing3.4 填料及填料函填料 packing石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环 O-ring自密封 self-sealing四氟带 Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳 asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料 Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料 metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函 packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖 stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定 Piping Material Specification管道等级 piping class; piping classification管道等级号 class designation公称直径 nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力 nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别 class (CL)低压 low pressure (L.P.)中压 medium pressure (M.P.)高压 high pressure (H.P.)大气压 atmosphere (ATM)真空 vacuum工作压力 operating pressure; working pressure设计压力 design pressure工作温度 operating temperature设计温度 design temperature环境温度 ambient temperature腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance管道附件 piping attachment管道元件 piping element壁厚 wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号 schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的 extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组 typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表） block form数据库 data base文件 file4.2 材料统计 Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表 summary sheet材料表 bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off材料情况报告 material status report (MSR)散装材料 bulk material编位号的 itemized代码 code number短代码 short code数量 quantity (QTY)重力 weight净重 net weight毛重 gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement5.1 设备名称 Equipment Name5.1.1 容器 Vessel(1) 塔 tower, column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower蒸馏塔 distillation tower再生塔 regenering tower造粒塔 prflling tower汽提塔 stripper脱气塔 degasifier合成塔 synthesis tower(2) 反应器 reactor聚台釜 polymerizer转化器，变换器 converter脱硫反应器 desulphurization reactor 甲烷化器 methanator(3) 气柜 gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐 tank; storage tank缓冲罐 knock out drum球罐 spheroid, spherical tank罐 drum接受槽 receiver计量槽 measuring tank加料槽 feed tank排污罐 blow down tank闪蒸罐 flash drum汽包 steam drum溶液贮槽 solution storage tank地下槽 sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器 separator旋风分离器 cyclone分子筛 molecular sieve脱氧器 deaerator搅拌器 agitator干燥器 dryer混合器 mixer萃取器 extractor结晶器 crystallizer澄清器 gravity settler净化器 purifier气化器 vaporizer吸附器 adsorber融解槽 melter减温器 desuperheater升压器 booster喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer火炬 flare消声器 silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器 heat exchanger空冷器 air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷凝器 condenser螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler急冷器 quencher深冷器 chiller预热器 preheater再热器 reheater加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater过热器 super heater给水加热器 feed water heater中间冷却器 inter cooler后冷却器 after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler烟囱 stack废热锅炉 waste heat boiler辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler省煤器 economizer回热炉 direct-fired heater辐射段 radiant section对流段 convection section裂化炉 reformer焚烧炉 incinerator回转窑 rotary kiln炉管 furnace tube吹灰器 soot blower观察孔 observation door, peep door防爆门 explosion door5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室 analyzer room变压器室 transformer room配电室，变电所 substation, switch room蓄电池室 battery room控制室 control room通风室 ventilating room贮藏室 storage room维修间 maintenance room办公室 office5.2.2 生活用房更农室 locker room盥洗室，厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置 piping layout轴测图 isometric drawing分区索引图 key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” issue)用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner a pproval plot plan ( “C” issue)确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E” issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F” issue)施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construction plot plan ( “G” issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房 compressor house (room)泵房 pump house (room)洗眼站 eye washer station泡沫站 foam station软管站，公用工程站 hose station (HS), utility station成套设备 package unit设施 facilities罐区 tank yard空分装置 air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号 equipment item number工厂 plant工厂区界 plant limit项目区界内侧 inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.) 项目区界 batterylimit (BL)区界 area limit区域边界 zone iimit界外 off site东 east (E)西 west (W)南 south (S)北 north (N)上 up下 down工厂北向 plant north真实北向 true north道路 road小过道 cat walk, cat way走道，过道 walk way, gangway, access way污水坑（井） sump pit集水池 catch basin沟槽 through预留区 trough场地 future area铺砌区 paving area非铺砌区 unpaved area碎石铺面 gravel paving橡皮铺面 rubber paving面积，区域 area体积，容积 volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计 piping design管道研究 piping study走向研究 routing study重要管道 critical piping地上管道 above ground piping地下管道 under ground piping管网 network of pipes管廊 pipe rack管沟 piping trench管间距 line spacing管道跨距 line span总管 header, manifold旁路 by pass排液 drain放空 vent上升管，垂直管 riser导管 canduit裸管 bare iine管件直接 fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口 spool piece, spool取样接口 sampling connection集液包 drip leg伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping全夹套的 full jacketed平面 plan详图 detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图 hook up drawing接续图 continue on drawing (COD)接续线 match line (M.L.)比例 scale图例 legend符号 symbol管口表 list of nozzles方位 orientation管口方位 nozzle orientation定位 location相交 intersection水平的 horizontal垂直的，立式的 vertical垂直，正交，垂直的 perpendicular平行，平行的 parallel水平安装 horizontal installation垂直安装 vertical installafion对称的 symmetric相反（的），对面（的） opposite顺时针方向 clock wise逆时针方向 counter clock wise计算机辅助设计 computer aided design (CAD)5.7 图面标注绝对标高 abselute elevation海平面标高 over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面 elevation (EL)混凝土顶面 top of concrete架顶面 top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面 top of steel梁项面 top of beam (TOB)支撑点 point of suppon (POS)管顶 top of pipe (TOP)管底 bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底 boaom of trench管子内底 invert (inside bottom of pipe) 底平 flat on bottom (FOB)顶平 flat on top (FOT)工作点 working point (W.P.)面至面 face to face (F-F)中心至端面 center to end (C-E)中心至面 center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中 center to center (C-C) 坐标 coordinate坐标原点 origin of coordinate出口中心线 center line of discharge入口中心线 center line of suction中心线 centerline (CL)入口 inlet, suction出口 outlet, discharge排出口 exhaust距离 distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图 flow diagram工艺流程图 process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图 piping andinstrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图 utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表 line list; line schedule命名表；管道表 nomenclature设备表 equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体 fluid空气 air仪表空气 instrument air工艺空气 process air低压蒸汽 low pressure steam中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam高压蒸汽 high pressure steam伴热蒸汽 tracing steam饱和蒸汽 saturated steam过热蒸汽 superheated steam氧气 oxygen氢气 hydrogen氮气 nitrogen燃料气 fuel gas天然气 natural gas火炬气 flare gas酸性气 sour gas液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气 ammonia gas冷却水 cooling循环水 circulating water锅炉给水 boiler feed water热水 hot water蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate盐水 brine工艺水 process water化学污水 chemical sewage防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor重油 heavy oil石脑油 naphtha燃料油 fuel oil润滑油 lubricating oil密封油 sealing oil冷冻剂 refrigerant载热体 heating medium溶剂 solvent溶液 solution母液 mother liquor单体 monomer聚合物 polymer均聚物 homopolymer共聚物 copolymer工艺液体 process liquid工艺气体 process gas硫酸 sulphuric acid盐酸 chlorhydric acid硝酸 nitric acid烧碱 caustic soda(3) 流体特性 fluid characteristics蒸汽压 vapor pressure临界温度 critical temperature临界点 critical point临界压力 critical pressure比热 specific heat湿度 humidity密度 density比重 specific gravity粘度 viscosity闪点 flash point融点 melting point凝固点 freezing point浓度 concentration爆炸极限 limit of explosion有毒的 toxic可燃的；易燃的 flammable(4) 其它回收 recovery再生 regeneration循环 cireulatlon再循环；再生 recycle补充 make-up制备 preparation蒸汽吹扫 steaming out吹扫 purge抽空；排空 evacuation吹出 blow-off排污 blow down破真空 vacuum breaker大气腿 barometric leg备用 stand-by化学清洗 chemical cleaning净正吸入压头 net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料 feed成品 product污染 contamination大气污染 atmospheric pollution环境温度 ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物 building钢结构 steel structure已有钢结构 existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete construction 楼面 floor平台 platform (PF)地面 ground level栏杆 handrail楼梯 stair; stair way直梯 ladder柱 column; post; stanchion基础 foundation; footing粱 beam斜撑；支撑 bracing桁架；主粱 girder构件 member隔墙 partition wall墙 wall篦子板 grate; grating吊装孔 erection opening吊梁 hoisting beam棚 shelter窗 window天窗 skylight门 door防火门 fire door地漏 floor drain防火层 fire-proofing总图 general plot plan路肩 shoulder桩 pile灌浆 grouting风荷载 wind load雪荷载 snow load动力荷载 dynamic load静荷载 dead load活荷载 live load风速 wind velocity主导风向 most frequent wind direction5.8.3 仪表盘（操作盘） panel就地盘 local panel仪表盘 instrument panel常开 normally open常闭 normally closed电缆槽（架） cable tray (channel); cable rack 仪表电缆槽（架） instrument cable tray (duct) 压力计 manometer; pressure gauge热电偶 thermocouple温度计 thermometer液位计 level gauge玻璃液位计 gage glass温度计保护管 thermowell流量计 flow meter孔板 orifice变送器 transmitter联锁 interlock仪器；设备 apparatus仪器分析 instrumental analysis自动分析 automatic analysis气体分析 gas analysis化学分析 chemical analysis气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph质谱分析 mass spectrometric analysis5.8.4 电气危险区划分 hazardous area classification危险区平面图 hazardous area plan电气盘 electrical panel配电盘 switch board电缆沟 cable trench电流 current直流 direct current交流 alternating current频率 frequency相位 phase功率因数 power factor电压 voltage电阻 resistance电容 capacitance静电 static electricity接地 grounding; easthing照明 lighting; illumination避雷针 lightning preventer电话 telephone电线 wire接线箱（盒） junction box导线管 conduit tube5.8.5 设备固定鞍座 fixed saddle滑动鞍座 sliding saddle管口 nozzle人孔 manhole (MH)手孔 handhole (HH)检查孔 inspection hole吊柱 davit切线 tangent line焊接线 weldingiine件号 part humbet椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head加强圈 reinforcing ring接地板 earth lug吊耳 lifting lug气缸 cylinder轴 shaft轴承 bearing附件，附属设备 accessory编位号设备 itemized equipment无位号设备 non-itemized equipment 5.8.6 水道(1) 流体原水 raw water硬水 hard water软水 soft water饮用水 potable water循环冷却水给水 cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水 cooling water return 脱盐水 demineralized water。
给排水英汉对照
Hot source and hot water is from boiler room with supptemperature of 90℃and return temperature of 70℃.生活热水温度45℃～55℃，当t<55℃时，电磁阀关闭，当t<45℃时阀打开。
Domestic hot water has a temperature range of 45℃~55℃ Magnetic valve closes when t>55℃ and op 清扫口至井段可用UPVC管。
UPVC may be used from cleanout to well .管道与设备连接截止阀，支管与干连接处安装隔离阀。
Provide shut-off valves at piping connecting to equipment installation.provide isolation valves at oranch connection to piping mains.喷淋头的布置应与暖通专业的散流器和建筑的吊顶布置相协作。
Coordinate sprinkler hads with HVAC diffusers and architectural reflected ceiling消火栓安装：消火栓暗装，栓口安装高距地面均为1.1MInstallation of fire hydrant: concealed mounted with distance of 1.1m from floor t未注明的穿框架梁的自动喷水灭火管道标高均距梁底300MM.穿连系梁的自动喷水灭火管道标高均距梁底Unless otherwise indicated,all automatic sprinkling pipes passing through frame beam are 300mm fromthrough tie beam are 200mm from beam bottom.空调平面图air handling layoutMU-1-3新风系统图MU-1-3make-up air system diagramAHU-1净化空调系统图air purfication & air handling system diagram, AHU-1空调通风平剖面图ventilation & air conditioning plan/section吊顶空调平剖面图air conditioning ceiling plan/section吊顶通风和采暖，空调用水管平面图ventilation and heating piping plan above ceiling室内采暖空调平面图room heating and air conditioning plan吊顶以下净化空调平面图air purification & air conditioning above ceiling拉丝区＋14.0米送风平面图air supply plan at level of +14.00,drawing areaS-1,2送风系统图S-1,2air supply system diagram室内回风口平面图indoor air return grill plan洁净室回风平面图air return grill plan in clean rooms空调用冷热水管平面图A.C water piping plan空调供热流程图A.C heating supply system diagram屋顶排风平面图Roof exhaust plan排风系统图exhaust system diagram送风系统图air supply system diagramAHU-1水系统图AHU-1 water piping system diagram净化空调系统控制原理图air purification & airconditioning system control priciple diagram AHU-15变风量空调系统图AHU-15 VAV system diagram冷冻水、冷却水管道系统图CHW and CW piping system diagram热水采暖系统图hot water heating system diagram空调机房平面图air handling room plan最冷月和最热月平均温度temperature,coldest month or hotest month (mean)年、月、平均温度，最高、最低temperature,yearly,monthly,mean,highest,lowest最高或最低绝对温度absolute temperature,highest or lowest温球温度wet bulb temperature干球温度dry bulb temperature温球温度计wet bulb thermometer干球温度计dry bulb thermometer采暖地区region with heating provision不采暖地区region without heating provision采暖室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature for heating通风（冬季）室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature for ventilation(winter)绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure蒸发量volume of vaporizationemperature of 70℃.oses when t>55℃ and opens when t<45℃ling plan.oor to mouth center.水灭火管道标高均距梁底200MM.from beam bottom while those passing。
给排水专业英语 翻译
International Water Law and Diplomacy国际水法与外交A basic understanding of the fundamental concepts and principles of public international law is necessary in order to appreciate fully the issues that arise in the context of the law that governs international freshwater.For example ,it is important to know that the rules of international law apply to sovereign States,and it is primarily for States themselves to ensure compliance with international commitments.There is no “supra”authority to enforce such rules,except in very specific circumstances.such as a threat to international peace and security,where the United Nations can take action.Enforcement of international law is a central issues of concern .However ,the first step to that exercise must be identification of the applicable rules.These rules are found in treaties, international custom, general principles of law, and the writings of “learned publicists”.Treaties usually provide the most readily accessible source of law, but the other sources cannot be ignored. In the law governing the non-navigational uses of international watercourses, rules of customary law are particularly important and are often invoked by States in the absence of “written,” or “codified,” law.[2]It is worth noting that not all tre aties apply to all States. First, it must be ascertained whether the State concerned is a party to the treaty in question, and second, whether the latter has come into force and thus has become legally binding on the State.Finally, the normative content (requirements) of the treaty rules must be established in order to determine whether,or not, a State’s actions are in accordance with its treaty obligations.The cornerstone principle of international water law is a universally recognized rule of customary law, reflected in many international agreements, that governs States’ behaviour with respect to international watercourses (McCaffrey,1998;Caflisch, 1998). An important element of this principle is the requirement that watercourse States takeall reasonable measures not to cause significant harm to other watercourse States. These substantive rules are supported by a set of procedural rules requiring, inter alia, prior notification, exchange of information and consultations concerning planned measures likely to adversely affect other watercourse States (Bourne, 1997).The fundamental principles and procedural rules of water law are codified in the 1997 UN Watercourses Convention, a framework instrument that sets forth basic rights and obligations of watercourse States. [3]Adopted by UN General Assembly Resolution on 21 May 1997, the Con-vention was supported by 104 States, with only three States(Burundi, China, and Turkey) voting against (Wouters,2000a). The 1997 Convention requires 35 ratification and has yet to come into force. At present, Finland, Syria,Hungary, Jordan, Lebanon, Norway, South Africa, and Sweden are parties to the Convention; Luxembourg, Paraguay, Portugal, Venezuela, Germany, Namibia,Netherlands, Norway, Tunisia, and Yemen are signatories, who have yet to ratify it. The Convention has been recognized by the International Court of Justice (ICJ,1997) and by a significant number of States as an authoritative statement of the fundamental principles of international water law. Regardless of when,and whether the Convention comes into force, it will continue to play an important role in the management of international watercourses.International rules are often employed to meet regional requirements. A unique model for the protection and management of transbounddary waters has evolved under the auspices of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE). The long history of European transboundary cooperation has resulted in a sophisticated legal system of water resources management, focusingprimarily on limiting adverse transboundary impacts.Branko Bosnjakovic reviews the legal regime established under the 1992 Helsinki Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes. The principal goal of the 1992 Helsinki Convention, which currently has 29 State parties, is to ensure the equitable and reasonable use of transboundary waters and limit transboundary pollution. The treaty objectives are to be achieved through a combination of national measures (legal, administrative, economic, financial, and technical) and multilateral arrangements, including joint activities,monitoring, exchange of information, etc. The1992 Helsinki Convention, an “umbrella” treaty establishing a general framework for cooperation, has been supplemented by a number of basin-specific agreements and a recent Protocol on Water and Health (1999 LondonProtocol). The Parties to the Helsinki Convention are now developing a compliance verification strategy, including the development of monitoring systems (Wouters, 1999).The UN/ECE model provides one example of a legal framework that has evolved to respond to specific water resources problems in a regional context.Most watercourse agreements do not provide for adequate compliance verification procedures. Patricia Jones considers this issue in the context of the US-Mexico boundary waters regime, comparing it with the system of environmental rules and practices adopted under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation(NAAEC). She asks whether compliance mechanisms are necessary in international watercourse agreements, and considers what role an individual can play in ensuring that a State meets its treaty obligations. The latter issue is particularly challenging and demonstrates the interface of international and national legal systems in matters involving compliance. Whether or not a State has complied with its international obligations is determined, in the first instance, with an assessment of its national practice, generally accomplished through self-reporting (Wouters,1999).[4]Jones’ examination of the compliance practice regarding the environmental rules under NAFTA and NAAEC lead her to conclude that the US/Mexico transboundary watercourse regime could benefit from comparison.Isabel Dendauw addresses the relatively new and intriguing problem of international trade in water in the context of the US-Canada transboundary relations. She considers whether the water and trade treaties that both Canada and the US are party to, permit or preclude the bulk export of water. In March 2000, the bilateral International Joint Commission issued a report recommending against the bulk transfer of water from the Great Lakes,setting forth strict criteria for the removal of water. The matter provoked a serious controversy in both Canada and the US, with the Council ofCanadians fiercely opposing any bulk transfer of Canada’s waters. Dendauw examines the provisions of the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty,the NAFTA and the 1994 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), highlighting the contentious legal issues arising in this situation. It is obvious that trade in bulk water creates the potential for conflict between national conservation measures, on the one hand, and the multilateral regime of free trade, on the other. Dendauw concludes that it is difficult to forecast how a GATT or NAFTA dispute panel would rule on the matter of bulk water export, and suggests that such an activity might require, as a pre-requisite, joint co-operation between Canada and the U.S.A., including a shared coherent and principled approach to preserving the potentially affected ecosystem.。
给排水专业英语汇总
UNIT 1给水工程water supply engineering排水工程sewage engineering市政工程civil engineering市政工程师civil engineer环境工程environmental engineering水文学hydrology水力学hydranlies水环境natural aquatic environment流域watershed水体waterbody地表水surface water淡水freshwater地下水groundwater含水层aquifer天然含水层natural aquifer地下含水层underground aquifer水文循环natural hydrologic cycle渗滤infiltration降水precipitation渗入precolation蒸发evaporation蒸腾transpiration城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle水源water source水资源water resource取水water withdrawal水处理water treatment配水water distribution用水water use污水sewage废水wastewater废水收集wastewater collection废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receiving waters污染pollution pollute污染物pollutant玷污、污染contamination致污物contaminant未污染uncontaminated水污染water pollution水污染控制water pollutioncontrol水污染防治water pollutionprevention污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity地表水资源surface waterresource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统municipaldistribution system建筑给水系统house watersupply system分区供水系统dual distributionsystem小区micro district小社区small community冷水供水系统cold watersupply system热水供水系统hot water supplysystem消防系统fire protectionsystem喷淋系统fire protectionsprinkler system自动水幕系统automaticdrencher system半自动水幕系统semi automaticdrencher system消火栓hydrant排水系统drainage system生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrialsystem雨水排水系统stormwatersystem合流制combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统building drainagesystem卫生洁具plumbing fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water transmissionsystem漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distributionsystem环状管网grid (looped)system支状管网branching(branched)system下水管道sanitary sewer污水节流管intercepting(中间截取) sewer污水节流系统interceptingsewer system污水节流井sewageintercepting well支管collection (目的：收集)sewer collector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水industrialwastewater工业污水/液/物industrialwastes农业用水agriculturalwastewater/wastes雨水rainwater stormwater水位waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度grade倾斜度slope明渠Open channel开挖ex cava tion深度excavation depth水力分析hydraulic analysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit 3水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump station给水泵站Water pump station污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站Lift pumping plant增压泵Booster pump离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇Submerine深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Manhole法兰Flange阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pumping system流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity层流Laminar flow滞流粘性流viscous flow过渡流Transitional flow湍流Turbulent flow紊流Turbulence flow涡流Eddying flow雷诺数Teynolds number水质Water guality水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water未处理水Untreated water出水Finished water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality standards水质要求Water quality requirements饮用水Drink water\potable water自来水Tap water纯水Pure water饮用水标准Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards 最大允许浓度Maxmumpermissible levelsmaxmumallowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmumcontaminant levels主要污染物Primarycontaminants有机化合物Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Syntheticorganic chemicals挥发性有机化合物Volatileorganic ohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Microorganisms\microbes微生物污染Microbialcontaminants病原微生物Pathogenic microorganisms病原体Pathogenic病毒Pathogenic bacterin细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radionuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolouration变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parametersof water quality水的物理性质Physical qualityof water浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity unit浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor number化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters ofwater quality溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do balance氧损Oxygen depletion有机污染物Organic pollutant生化需氧量Biochemical oxygendemand (BOD)总氮Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮Total Kjeldahlnitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体Total suspendedsolids (TSS)溶解Dissolved (DS)总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron andmanganese硬度Hardness碱度Alkalinity盐度Salinity有害物质Toxic and hazardousmaterials氰化物Cyanides急性毒性Acute toxity慢性毒性Chronic toxity基因毒性Genetic toxicity基因Gene难降解有机化合物Refractoryorganic chemicals永久性有机污染物Persistentorganic pollutants致癌化学性Carcinogenicchemicals三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes卤素Halogen甲基Methyl氯仿Trichloromethane三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药Pesticide害虫Pest杀虫剂Insecticide除草剂Herbicide杀菌剂Germicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative保证Preserve清洗剂Cleaning agent洗涤剂Detergent发泡剂Foaming agent泡沫Foam化肥Fertilizer肥沃的Fertile富营养化Eutrophication营养的Trophic营养水平Trophic level生态位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原废水Raw wastes处理水Treated wastes回用水Redaimed water水处理过程Water processing收集Collect处置Dispose处理方法Treatment method处理费用Treatment costs处理单元Treatment process运行模式Operational mode间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach均匀均化Equalization均匀Equalize调蓄水池Equalization storage调节池Equalization tank蓄水池Storage tank降解Degrade分解Decompose分离Separate隔离Separation物理法Physical process物理处理Physical treatment物理处理过程Physical treatment process一级处理Primary treatment初步处理Preliminary treatment 格栅筛滤Screening格栅Screen格栅Bar screen栅条Bars钢栅条Steel bars渣耙Cleaning rakes 圆形破碎机Circular grinder破碎Grind除砂Degritting砂Grit沙Sand除砂Grit removal沉砂池Grit chamber沉淀Settling沉淀池Settling tank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settling tank一级出水Primary effluent二级处理Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondarytreatment process生物处理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池Secondary settling tank最终澄清池Final clarifier最终沉淀池Final settling tank二级出水Secondary effluent三级处理Tertiary treatment深度处理Advanced treatment废水消毒Waste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polishedeffluent废水处理厂Wastewatertreatment plant污水处理厂Sewage treatmentplant二级处理厂Secondary treatmentplant城市污水处理Municipal wastewatertreatment市政工程Municipal engineering土木工程Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewatertreatment plant污水处理能力Sewage treatmentcapacity电容Capacitance污水处理设施Municipaltreatment facilities多反应器设施Multi-reactorfacility处理池Treatment tank负荷Load负荷Loadings水力负荷Hydrautic loading污染负荷Pollutant load有机负荷Organic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent)loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝n. coagulation混凝过程coagulation process化学混凝chemical coagulation凝聚n. aggregation絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perikineticflocculation同向絮凝orthokineticflocculation混凝剂n. coagulant混凝剂投量coagulant dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimumcoagulant dosage助凝剂coagulant aid助凝剂flocculation aid聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池mixer tank快速混合池flash-mix tank絮凝器n. flocculator絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-contacttank澄清n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier 澄清水clarifying water2．沉淀n. sedimentation沉降n. sedimentation自由沉降plain settling拥挤沉降hindered settling重力沉降gravity settling沉淀池settling tank沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池circular settling tank 管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator气浮n. floatation泡沫分离foam separation溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedimentation预沉淀池presedimentation basin 3．过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter快滤池rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter 砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质，滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. anthracite硅藻土diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual mediafilter双层滤池two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media细滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水，滤出水filtered water滤后水，滤池出水filtereffluent滤前水，滤池进水filterinfluent浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期cleaning cycle刮砂法scraping method表面刮砂surface scraping反冲洗backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulicbackwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grading4．消毒n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂n. germicide消毒过程disinfection process消毒副产物disinfectionby-products氯化n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水chlorinated water预氯化n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-productsof chlorination化学消毒剂chemicaldisinfectants液氯liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺n. chloramines次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlorine dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒n.ozonation臭氧化v. ozonate紫外线(UV) ultravioletradiation (UV)伽马射线gamma radiation灭活n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间contact time需氯量chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量chlorinedosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯freechlorine ,free availablechlorine化合氯combined chlorine剩余保护residual protection余氯residual chlorine余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residualchlorine自由氯余量free chlorineresidual化合余氯combined residualchlorine化合氯余量combinedchlorine residuals折点氯化（法）breakpointchlorination折点氯化曲线breakpointchlorination curve折点加氯量breakpointdosage氯折点chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶pressured steelcylinder臭氧发生器ozone generator需臭氧量ozone demand剩余臭氧量ozone residual剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢n. spores病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa5．氧化n. oxidation还原n. reduction氧化剂n. oxidant强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化工艺(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术(AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附n. adsorption活性炭(AC) activated carbon 粉末炭(PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbon fiber再生n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂n. adsorbent吸附质n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column吸附床adsorption bed空床接触时间empty bed contact time吸附带mass transfer zone快速小柱试验rapid small scalecolumn test生物活性炭(BAC) biologicalactivated carbon7．离子交换n. ion exchange离子交换树脂ion exchangeresin离子交换器ion exchanger离子交换柱ion exchangecolumn硬度n. hardness除硬hardness removal软化n. softeningv. soften化学软化chemical softening沉淀软化precipitationsoftening除盐，脱盐n. desaltinationv.desalt去矿化n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ionexchange softening process离子交换除盐法ion exchangedesalting process复床combined bed混合床mixed bed8．膜分离membrane separation微滤n. microfiltration超滤n. hyperfiltration纳滤n. nanofiltration反渗透reverse osmosis渗透n. osmosis半透膜semipermeablemembrane电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀chemicalprecipitation沉淀软化precipitationsoftening电解n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n.electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. stripping冷却n. cooling冷却水cooling water冷却塔cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器n. bioreactor微生物n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群microbialpopulation混合群落mixed communities细菌n. bacteria原生动物n. protozoa真菌n. fungi轮虫n. rotifers生长n. growth繁殖n. reproduction世代时间generation time生长速率growth rates环境因子environmental factors生态因子ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbialgrowth kinetics1.迟滞期lag phase2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期decling growthphase稳定期stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenousstage内源生长期endogenousgrowth phase内源呼吸endogenousrespiration底物，基质n. substrate底物（基质）利用substrate utilization生物量n. biomass生物反应biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidation 生物降解n. biodegradation生物降解性n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理biological treatment 废水生物处理biological wastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatment system污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatment system 生物处理法biological treatment process生物处理装置biological treatment unit串联in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes 附着的微生物attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜n. biofilm代谢n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢biological metabolism微生物代谢microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物aerobicmicroorganisms好氧氧化aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment厌氧环境anaerobicenvironment营养物n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biologicalnutrient removal脱氮除磷nitrogen andphosphorus removal生物硝化biologicalnitrification硝化菌nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biologicaldenitrification生物除磷biologicalphosphorus removal1．活性污泥法activated sludgeprocess微生物n. microorganismsn. microbes细菌n. bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥(RAS)returnedactivated sludge回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge剩余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥(WAS)wasteactivated sludge废污泥waste sludge曝气池aeration tank曝气池aeration basin曝气池aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completelymixed aeration basin活性污泥池activated sludgetank曝气n. aeration混合n. mixing曝气系统aeration system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机aircompressor鼓风机，风机n. blower循环/切换n.cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器airdiffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser扩散板plate diffuser扩散管tube diffuser扩散罩dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubblediffused aeration微气泡fine-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mechanicalaeration systems机械曝气mechanical aeration表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供气量air supply氧转移效率oxygen tansferefficiency可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体nonvolatilesolids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)volatile suspended solids混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体(MLSS) mixed liquor suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile suspended solids污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aeration tank volume曝气时间aeration period曝气时间aeration time水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷hydraulic loading BOD负荷BOD loading普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process传统活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conventional activated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process分段v. step进水负荷influent load分段进水step loading渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed)activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activatedsludge process延时曝气法extended aerationprocess延时曝气extended aeration氧化沟oxidation ditch水平转刷horizontal rotor转刷曝气rotor aeration笼型转刷caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法)adsorption-biodegradationprocess序批式活性污泥法(SBR法)sequencing batch reactor (SBR)process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法)sequential batch reactor (SBR)processSBR法SBR process序批式反应器(SBR)sequencing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反应器(SBR) sequentialbatch reactor初沉primary clarification曝气n. aeration二沉secondary clarification初沉池primary clarifier二沉池secondary clarifier泵送系统pumping system活性污泥法activated sludgeprocess变体n. variantSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase进水阀influent valve反应阶段react phase沉淀阶段settle phase清水，上清液clear water上清液n. supernatant排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段decant phase滗水装置decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段idlephase营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biologicalnutrient removal碳源carbon source硝化n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌nitrifying bacteria反硝化n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biologicaldenitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobicprocessA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobicprocess脱氮除磷nitrogen andphosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)anaerobicammonium oxidation生物除磷biological phosphorusremoval膜生物反应器(MBR)membrane biologicalreactor2．生物膜法生物膜n. biofilm生物膜反应器biofilm reactor生物滤池n. biofilter生物过滤n. biofiltration旋转布水器rotary sprinkler填料n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastictubular or honeycomb-shapedpackings滴滤池trickling filter普通生物滤池trickling filter高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter塔式生物滤池tower biofilter 曝气生物滤池(BAF) biological aerated filter生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotating biological contactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs 水平轴horizontal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌n. acidogens产甲烷细菌n. methanogens 产酸阶段acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase水解n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷methanogenesis产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌methane formers , methane-forming bacteria有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction 硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow anaerobic sludgeblanket上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)anaerobic baffledreactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phaseanaerobic biotreatment产酸相acidogenic phase产甲烷相methanogenic phase消化n. digestionv. digest消化池n. digestor厌氧消化anaerobic digestion污泥消化sludge digestion厌氧消化池anaerobicdigestor厌氧接触法anaerobic contactprocess厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bedreactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bedreactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotatingbiological contactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统naturalpurification system稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds土地处理系统land treatmentsystems废水土地处理land treatmentof wastewater净化过程purification process自然净化natural purification污水塘sewage lagoon稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobicbiochemical reaction厌氧生化反应anaerobicbiochemical reaction厌氧分解anaerobicdecomposition厌氧分解decomposeanaerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilization细菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic plants出流，出水effluent flow光合作用n. photosynthesis厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polishing pond熟化塘maturation lagoon深度处理塘advancedtreatment pond三级处理塘tertiary treatmentpond土地处理工艺（过程）landtreatment processes关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatmentsystems慢速土地处理系统slow rate landtreatment system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate landtreatment system三级处理水平tertiarytreatment level灌溉n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorptionproperties of soil投配的废水appliedwastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration land treatment system 渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤rapid infiltration快速渗滤法rapid infiltration method过滤作用filtering action吸附作用adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system地表漫流overland flow径流集水沟runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地n. wetland天然湿地natural wetland人工湿地constructed wetland man-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge 污泥体积，污泥量sludge volume原污泥，生污泥raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatment污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. landfill污泥减量sludge volume reduction污泥稳定化sludgestabilization（污泥）浓缩n. thickening污泥浓缩sludge thickening稳定，稳定化n.stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilizedsludge调理（调节）n.conditioningv. condition脱水n. dewateringv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n.incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉n.incinerator污泥浓缩sludge thickening物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥waterysludge稀污泥thin sludge处理装置treatment unit浓缩池n. thickener重力浓缩gravity thickening重力浓缩池gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewagesedimentation tank刮泥机sludge scraper搅拌作用stirring action底流n. underflow浓缩的底流thickenedunderflow浓缩污泥thickened sludge出水n. effluent上清液n. supernatant溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatationthickening溶气气浮dissolved-airfloatation气浮池floatation tank入流污泥influent sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floating sludgelayer污泥消化sludge digestion消化池n. digester消化池装置digester unit消化n. digestionv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemicaldecomposition好氧消化aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobicsludge digestion好氧消化过程aerobicdigestion process活性污泥池activated sludgetank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package)activated sludge treatment systems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contactstabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aerationtreatment systemsBOD负荷BOD loading细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡endogenous decay厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobicsludge digestion有盖的圆形池coveredcircular tank消化过程digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobicdigestion process生化反应biochemicalreactions有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气methane gas末端产物end product指示剂n. indicator污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas污泥沉淀sludge settling污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge消化池上清液digester supernatant中温消化mesophilic digestion高温消化thermophilic degestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering混合堆肥co-composting污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源surface water resource地下水资源groundwater resource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse间接回用indirect reuse间接废水回用indirect wastewater reuse出水处理effluent treatment回用水reclaimed water排放n. , v. discharge保留n. retention循环n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理n. partial treatment最终用途end use城市污水回用municipalwastewater reuse灌溉n. irrigation景观灌溉landscape irrigation地下水回灌groundwaterrecharge市政回用municipal reuse直接市政回用directmunicipal reuse深度处理，高级处理advanced treatment分质供水系统dual-distribution system间接市政回用indirectmunicipal reuse供水系统，给水系统watersupply system取水口n. intake天然同化能力naturalassimilative capacity人工回灌artificial recharge深井注射deep-well injection浅表布水shallow surfacespreading渗透n. percolation工业回用industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水processwastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水plant process makeup water冷却塔水cooling tower water选择性处理optionaltreatment水费water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipalwastewater工业过程industrial processes冷却水cooling water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigationwith wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system间接灌溉回用indirect reusefor irrigation废水排放wastewaterdischarge雨水回用storm water reuse可回用水reusable waterPartⅨ:第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs运行成本，运行费（用）operating costs能耗成本energy costs运行维护operation andmaintenance运行控制operational control控制系统control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/controlsystem自动控制系统，自控系统automatic controlsystem。
给水排水专业英语单词音标课文翻译(1~9,15,19课)剖析
《给水排水专业英语》Lesson 1（第一课）specific yield [spə'sifik] [ji:ld] 单位产水量mass curve 累积曲线capital investment 投资recurring natural event ['nætʃərəl] 重现历史事件subterranean [sʌbtə'reiniən] 地下的groundwater 地下水surface water 地表水tap [tæp]开关、龙头；在…上开空（导出液体）swampland ['swɔmplænd] n. 沼泽地；沼泽地带capillary [kə'piləri] n. 毛细管adj. 毛状的,毛细管的hygro- [词头] 湿（气），液体hygroscopic [,haigrəu'skɔpik] adj. 易湿的，吸湿的hygroscopic moisture 吸湿水stratum ['streitəm] n. [地质学]地层，[生物学]（组织的）层aquifer ['ækwəfə] ['ækwifə] n.含水层，地下蓄水层saturation [,sætʃə'reiʃən] n.饱和(状态)，浸润，浸透，饱和度hydrostatic [,haidrəu'stætik] adj. 静水力学的, 流体静力学的hydrostatic pressure 静水压力water table 1. 地下水位，地下水面，潜水面2. 【建筑学】泻水台；承雨线脚；飞檐；马路边沟[亦作water-table]Phreatic surface [fri(:)'ætik]地下水（静止）水位，浅层地下水面Superficial [sju:pə'fiʃəl] adj. 表面的,表观的，浅薄的Porosity [pɔ:'rɔsiti] n. 多孔性,有孔性,孔隙率Unconfined ['ʌnkən'faind] adj. 无约束的，无限制的Permeability [,pə:miə'biliti] n. 弥漫, 渗透, 渗透性Permeameter [pə:mi'æmitə] n.渗透仪,渗透性试验仪)Clay [klei] n. 粘土，泥土gravel ['ɡrævəl]n.[总称]砾，沙砾，小石；砾石cone of depression [kəun] 下降漏斗, [水文学]下降锥体drawdown ['drɔ:daun] n. 水位下降(降落,消耗,减少)integrate ['intigreit] 【数学】作积分运算；求积分observation well [,əbzə:'veiʃən] 观测井，观测孔extraction [ik'strækʃən] n. 抽出，取出，提取（法），萃取（法）derivation [deri'veiʃən] n. 1. 导出，引(伸)出，来历，出处，得出，得到；诱导，推论，推理；溯源【数学】1) (定理的)求导，推导2) 微商，微分，导数【语言】词源，衍生deplete [di'pli:t] v. 耗尽, 使...衰竭refuse [ri'fju:z] n. 废物,垃圾vt. 拒绝，谢绝dump [dʌmp] n. 垃圾场，垃圾堆，堆存处vt. 倾卸，倾倒(垃圾)unconfined aquifer 潜水含水层，非承压含水层，无压含水层confined aquifer 自流含水层，承压含水层homogeneous [,hɔməu'dʒi:njəs] adj. 同类的,相似的，均匀的，均相的；同种类的，同性质的；相同特征的Aquaclude 不透水层，难渗透水的地层Offset ['ɔ:fset] n.偏移量抵销，弥补，分支，胶印，平版印刷，支管，乙字管Vt. 弥补,抵销,用平版印刷vi. 偏移，形成分支sophisticated [sə'fistikeitid] adj. 复杂的，需要专门技术的；诡辩的,久经世故的equilibrium [,i:kwi'libriəm] n. 平衡,均衡给水工程我们知道，水的供应对生命的生存至关重要。
给排水专业英语词汇汇总
unit oneDistribution system分配系统Grid system 环状管网ring system环状管网loop feeder 环状管网branching system 枝状管网combination system 联合管网（combined system）Topography地形学，地形，地貌，地势dead end死水点feeder 给水管，进料器Elevation地面标高valve 阀门，真空管water supply 给水，自来水，供水系统service reservoir 配水池（调节水池）pump 泵storage element （储水）构筑物70m head 70米水柱leakage rate 泄漏量（泄漏率）hydraulic 水力的，水压的hydraulic analysis 水力分析field measurement 现场测量（实测）field date 实测数据key point管网节点pipe junctions 管网节点node （key point, junction）节点sign convention符号规约positive clockwise 取顺时针方向为正head loss 水头损失iterative solution 迭代解loop method 环路法flow, runoff, discharge 流量Sanitary 环境卫生的（尤指清除废物）Sewer 下水道，污水管Sanitary sewer 生活污水管道Connection连接管，排出管Cast-iron pipe 铸铁管（补充内容）PVC 聚氯乙烯Grade line 坡度线slope 倾斜度，坡度collecting sewer 污水支管Interceptor 截流污水管（intercepting sewer）Domestic民用的，生活的Manhole 人孔，检查井drainage 排污系统，排水装置，下水道sewerage system 污水工程系统invert 管道内底Pump station 泵站unit twoContaminant 污染物ground water 地下水surface water 地表水wastewater 污废水Floating materials漂浮物suspended materials悬浮物Colloidal materials 胶体物质colloidal particles 胶体微粒Dissolved materials 溶解物质Dissolved gases 溶解气体Microorganisms微生物（microbe）organic and inorganic constituents 有机和无机成分hardness-ion 硬度离子hardness 硬度carbon dioxide二氧化碳hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢Alga(algae) 水藻，藻类Clay 粘土silt泥沙，淤泥pathogenic病原体，致病菌，病原菌Bacteria 细菌Ammonia 氨，氨水Methane gas甲烷，沼气turbidity 浊度taste 味odor 臭drinking water 饮用水water sample 水样suspension 悬浮液turbidity unit (TU) 浊度单位turbidimeter 浊度表，浊度仪Solubility 溶度，溶解性Metabolism 新陈代谢standard color solution 标准比色液threshold odor number 臭阈值boiler feed water 锅炉给水boiler water supply锅炉给水demineralize 去除矿物质scale deposit 水垢，积垢Outfall 出水口，排水口chemical clarification 化学（法）澄清coagulation 混凝coagulant 混凝剂sedimentation 沉淀filtration 过滤disinfection 消毒synthetic polymer 合成聚合物Activated carbon 活性炭Chlorine 氯sedimentation basin 沉淀池oxidize 使氧化，使生锈soften 软化settle-able 会沉淀的Aeration曝气通风unit threeplain settling 自由沉淀detention time 滞留时间Flocculation 絮凝Flocs 絮凝体coagulant aid 助凝剂(flocculation aid) natural alkalinity 自然碱度high-molecular compound 高分子化合物jar test 烧杯实验Centrifugal 离心的low-lift pump 低扬程水泵suction line 吸入管线索impeller 叶轮pump casing 泵壳Paddle-type flocculator 桨板式絮凝器（池）Clarifier 澄清池up flow clarifier 升流式澄清池contact tank 接触反应池Sedimentation basins 沉淀池inlet baffle 进水挡板effluent weir 出水堰tube settler 管式沉淀池influent flow 入流reaction jet structure 喷流结构finger launder 指形槽结构effluent launder 出流槽cross baffle 横向挡板settling tank 沉淀池（settler）aqueous suspension 水悬浮液shallower basin 浅池parallel-plate settler 斜板沉淀池tube settler 斜管沉淀池feed rate 这里指水流速度laminar flow 层流filter medium 过滤介质（滤料）anthracite 无烟煤mixed-media 复合滤料back-wash 反冲洗hydraulic grading水力分级High-Rate Sedimentation Basins 高效澄清池Slow and Rapid Sand Filter慢砂滤池和快砂滤池Mixed-media Filter 复合滤料滤池specific gravity 比重filter cycle 过滤周期oxidation potential 氧化电势，氧化性reduction potential 还原电势，还原性ozone 臭氧Oxidant 氧化剂Reducer 还原剂germicidal property杀菌能力（germicide杀菌剂）molecular weight 分子量Halogen 卤素pilot 试验性的Chlorination 氯化，用氯处理water-borne disease 水传播病THM S三卤甲烷breakpoint chlorination 折点加氯breakpoint dosage折点剂量free (available) chlorine 自由性氯chlorine demand 需氯量combined chlorine 化合性氯unit fourWater Pollution水污染Organic wastes有机废物municipal waste 市政污水Dissolved oxygen 溶解氧（DO）slightly soluble 微溶于水的Saturation 饱和状态saturation concentration 饱和浓度biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)生化需氧量pollutant 污染物Biodegradable 可生物降解的chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量oxidizing agent 氧化剂wastewater treatment plant 污水处理厂total suspended solids （TSS）总悬浮固体mixed liquor suspended-solids(MLSS) 混合液悬浮固体浓度volatile suspended solids (VSS) 挥发性固体wastewater analysis 污水水质分析water pollution control水污染控制Anaerobic 厌氧菌的，厌氧引起的Aerobic 需氧的，好氧的unit fivePrimary treatment 一级处理screen 格栅grit chamber 沉砂池settler 沉淀池V-notch weir三角堰primary clarifier 初沉池turbulence 紊流primary effluent 一级出水secondary treatment 二级处理biological treatment system 生物处理系统activated-sludge system 活性污泥系统aeration basin 曝气池return activated sludge （RAS）回流污泥air diffuser 空气扩散器step aeration activated-sludge process 阶段曝气活性污泥法BOD-SS loading BOD污泥负荷mixed liquor suspended-solids(MLSS) 混合液悬浮固体浓度sequential batch reactor (SBR) 序批式（间歇式）活性污泥法primary clarifier 初沉池secondary clarifier 二沉池Sludge treatment 污泥处理volume reduction 减量化Sludge thickening 污泥浓缩gravity thickener重力浓缩池sludge scraper 刮泥器Sludge digestion 污泥消化methane-forming bacteria产甲烷菌。
给排水专业英语蓝梅课文翻译第七单元
给排水专业英语蓝梅课文翻译第七单元
摘要：
一、引言
二、给排水专业英语的重要性
三、第七单元课文概述
四、第七单元课文翻译
1.蓝梅课文原文
2.蓝梅课文翻译
五、总结
正文：
一、引言
作为给排水专业的一名技术人员，掌握专业英语是非常重要的，它可以帮助我们更好地理解和交流专业技术知识。
本篇文章将为您提供给排水专业英语蓝梅课文翻译第七单元的内容。
二、给排水专业英语的重要性
给排水专业英语涉及到给水、排水、污水处理等方面的专业术语。
掌握这些专业英语词汇，有助于提高技术人员在实际工作中的沟通效率，同时也有利于技术人员查阅相关领域的专业资料。
三、第七单元课文概述
第七单元课文主要讲述了给排水系统中的井、井盖、井室等设施的英文表达方式，以及相关设备的安装、维护等方面的专业英语词汇。
四、第七单元课文翻译
1.蓝梅课文原文
（省略）
2.蓝梅课文翻译
（省略）
五、总结
通过本文的介绍，相信大家对给排水专业英语蓝梅课文翻译第七单元有了更深入的了解。
掌握这些专业英语知识，有助于提高我们在给排水领域的专业素养和实际工作中的沟通效率。
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第六单元给水系统
水源的性质通常决定了规划、设计、收集操作、运输和配水构筑物。
用于提供居民（生活）用水和工业需要的两个主要来源，被称为地表水和地下水。
溪流，湖泊和河流是地表水源。
地下水资源是从井抽出的那些（水）。
城市中的管网称为配水系统。
这些管道本身通常称为干管。
干管中的水压通常保持200～860kpa。
水厂在需水量低的时期（通常是夜间）生产出来的水保持在一个蓄水池中。
蓄水池可能会被提升（随处可见的水塔），也可能在地平面上。
存储的水用于满足白天时高的用水需求。
储水补偿了需求量的变化，可以允许兴建较小规模的水厂。
储水也可在火灾出现的时候提供紧急备用。
人口和水的消费模式是支配所需水量,水源和水资源系统的整体组成的主要因素。
选择一个合适的给水水源的首要步骤之一是确定它必须满足的供水量。
需水量的主要内容包括平均日用水量与高峰用水量。
由于（以下）两个原因平均日用水量必须进行估计：（1）在关键时期——地表水流量很少或者地下位在最低水位的时候，确保水资源满足连续的用水需求；（2）评估储水量能够满足这些关键时期的需求。
高峰用水需求率必须作出估计，以确定管道和管道尺寸、压力损失并在高峰用水期提供必要的存储需求，提供足够的水量。
对于一个给定系统而言，诸多因素影响用水。
例如，仅仅有压力的水可充分供应的这个事实，就常常刺激水过量使用于浇灌草坪、花园，清洗洗车，运行空调设备，以及其它家庭与工业活动。
下列因素已被发现是影响用水消费的主要途径：工业活动、计量、系统管理、居住标准、气候。
以下因素也在较小的程度上影响用水量，污水处理程度，系统压力，水价，以及私人水井的可用性。
工业的影响是增加了人均需水量。
小的农村或城郊的社区将会比工业社区用更少的人均水量。
工业可能是影响人均用水量的最大的单个因素。
在用水中第二重要的因素是个人用户是否有水表。
水表测量加强了在没有安装水表的居民与商业区中没有发现的责任感。
这种责任心降低了人均用水量，因为用户修复了漏水，并做出了更多保守的用水决定几乎不顾及水价。
由于水价太便宜，水价不是一个主要的因素。
如下精密的测量是被称为系统管理的方面。
如果配水系统被很好的管理，人均用水量将小于配水系统如果没有被很好管理的人均用水量。
良好管理的系统是那些管理者知道何时何地主干管发生泄漏并迅速维修它们。
工业活动，水量测量与系统管理是比生活标准与气候更重要的控制用水的影响因子rationale基本原理。
后两个因素的基本原理是简单易懂的。
人均用水量随着生活标准的增加而增加。
高度发展国家用水量多于较不发展国家。
同样的，较发达的社会经济学的数
据暗示了比较不发达的社会经济学的数据更多的单位人口用水量。
较高的平均年温度暗示较高的人均用水量，然而在降雨量多的地区的经验表明用水量会较低。
1970年，美国国家用水平均值是628Lpcd。
一个类似的conducted研究得到的结果是556 Lpcd，平均单个家庭住所使用约208L/d。
需水量的变化经常被汇报作为平均日的一个系数。
对于有水表的住宅，此系数如下所示最高日＝2.2×平均日
最高时＝5.3×平均日
但是对于大城市来说，变化系数很有可能居于1.2~1.7之间。