牛津译林版八年级下册英语8BU1：Past and present单元重难点提优训练整理
牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit 1 Past and present 重难点知识归纳总结
牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit 1 Past and present重难点知识归纳总结【重点单词】1.past [pɑːst] n. 过去2.present ['preznt] n. 现在，目前3.just [dʒʌst] adv. 刚才4.since [sɪns] conj. 自……以来5.ever ['evə] adv. 曾经6.northern ['nɔːðən] adj. 北方的，北部的7.married ['mærɪd] adj. 已婚的，结婚的8.wife [waɪf] n. (pl. wives) 妻子9.block [blɒk] n. 街区10.since [sɪns] conj. 自……以来11.over ['əʊvə] prep. 在……期间12.pollution [pə'luːʃ(ə)n] n. 污染；污染物13.factory ['fæktəri] n. 工厂14.waste [weɪst] n. 废料；废品15.realize ['rɪəlaɪz] 意识到；实现16.improve [ɪm'pruːv] vt. & vi. 改进，改善17.situation [sɪtjʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n] n. 形势，情况18.however [haʊ'evə] adv. 然而19.impossible [ɪm'pɒsəbl] adj. 不可能的20.before [bɪ'fɔː] adv. 以前，过去，已经21.lonely ['ləʊnli] adj. 孤独的，寂寞的22.anyway ['enɪweɪ] adv. 尽管，即使这样23.husband ['hʌzbənd] n. 丈夫24.interview ['ɪntəvjuː] n. 采访；会见25.yet [jet] adv. 还，仍26.recently ['riːsntli] adv. 近来，最近27.past [pɑːst] n. 过去28.environment [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] n. 环境29.transport [træns'pɔːt] n. 交通车辆，运输工具30.condition [kən'dɪʃ(ə)n] n. 环境，条件，状况31.return [rɪ'tɜːn] vi. 返回st [lɑːst] adv. 最近，上一次；最后33.abroad [ə'brɔːd] adv. 到（在）国外34.primary ['praɪməri] adj. 小学教育的；初级的municate [kə'mjuːnɪkeɪt] vi.& vt. 交流，交际munication [kəmjuːnɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] n. 交流，交际37.exactly [ɪg'zæktli] adv.（答语）正是，没错38.narrow ['nærəʊ] adj. 狭窄的【重点短語】ed to （用于过去持续或经常发生的事）曾经2.turn ... into ... 把……变成……3.from time to time 不时，有时，偶尔4.in some ways 在某种程度上5.all one’s life 一生6.keep in touch 保持联系7.be/get used to 习惯于，适应于8.open space 开阔的空地9.in the north of town在镇子的北边10.get married 结婚11.move two blocks away 搬到两个街区外12.since then 自从那时13.change a lot 变化很大14.over the years 在这几年里15.put the waste into the river 把废料倒进河里16.realize the problem 意识到这个问题17.improve the situation 改善现状18.much cleaner 更干净了19.as often as before 和之前一样频繁20.feel a bit lonely 感觉有点孤独21.travel to and from the town 往返城镇22.go abroad出国23.narrow and dirty roads 狭小肮脏的街道24.enjoy a comfortable life 享受舒适的生活【重点句型】1.You’ve changed too. You used to be so kind to me.你也变了。
牛津译林版八年级英语下册8Bunit1 past and present 课文要点全解
牛津英语8Bunit1 past and present课文要点全解Comic strip1.I've just eaten it我刚把它吃了。
(教材第6页)just此处用作副词，意为“刚刚,刚才”,通常与现在完成时连用。
Mr Wang has just left our classroom,王老师刚刚离开我们的教室。
I've just heard the news.我刚听到这个消息。
[拓展]①just副词，还可意为“正好，恰好;仅仅，只是”，起加强语气的作用。
This jacket is just my size.这件夹克衫正合我的尺码。
He is just a child他仅仅是一个孩子。
I just want to talk to you.我只是想和你谈谈。
②.just own意为“刚才”相当于a moment ago,.常用于句来，用于一般过去时态的句子中。
I met one of my friends in the street just now.我刚才在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
③just then意为“就在那时”。
Just then, someone knocked at the door.就在那时，有人敲门。
中考●链接I'm not hungry because I have ______had lunch.A.everB. neverC. justD. still解析:我们可用“前后照应法”解答此题。
ever"曾经”;never“从不”;just“刚才，刚刚”;sill 还;仍”。
由主句句意“我不饿”可推知从句句意应为“因为我刚吃过午饭”。
故选C。
答案:C2.Why?为什么? (教材第6页)这是一个省略问句，其完整形式是"Why did you cat my food?。
why引导的特殊疑问句用来询问原因，通常用because (因为)引导的句子来回答。
牛津英语8BUnit1Pastandpresent单元分析及课时教案
八年级牛津英语8B Unit1 Past and present 单元分析及课时教案金坛市第五中学英语组张文学执笔【教材分析】主要内容包括：一、语篇内容，本单元探讨的是时代变迁带来的变化和发展，涉及北京交通系统的变化，以及通过阳光城过去和现在的改变。
二、语法内容，本单元的语法内容时现在完成时，这一语法是学生学习的一个难点。
三、词汇学习技能，主要是反义词的构成与运用；以及如何使用英语词典查单词。
四、写作技能，能通过语篇的学习，掌握如何描述某地过去到现在所发生的变化。
【单元目标】知识目标：1．学习动词过去分词的拼写及现在完成的基本构成2．学习并识别使用现在完成时的语境。
3．识别反义词并掌握其正确的用法。
4．学习并掌握有关发展变化的词汇。
能力目标：1．熟悉并灵活地使用现在完成时谈论因时间变迁而产生的变化。
2．能理解采访时用到的问题并能对开放性延伸性的问题予以回答。
3．能听取有关大屿山变化的具体信息并能通过两幅照片的对比描述某地从过去某一时间到现在的发展变化。
学习技巧目标：进一步熟悉字母表的字母顺序，指导学生掌握查阅字典的技能。
情感目标：通过中国各地的发展变化，激发学生的爱国热情，进行爱国主义教育。
文化目标：通过阳光镇的过去到现在的发展和变化，了解时代的变迁。
【教学重难点】1.有目的的进行语篇教学及从阅读教学中的问题讨论、语篇分析、语义重构及机械模仿四个教学过程着手，培养学生的写作能力，提高学生的写作水平。
2. 现在完成时的教学是本单元语法教学中重中之重，也是学生学习的难点，是学生两级分化的关键。
3. 本单元的一些重点词汇及重要句子、句型。
【学情分析和教学建议】本单元的话题-过去与现在的变化，这与现在社会热点-改革开放30周年活动很贴近，这对学生学习课文有一定帮助，也为学生的写作提供有效的素材。
因此教师在教学设计与课堂教学过程中要准备充分的材料，从而让学生意识到改革开放各地变化，激发学生的爱国热情。
在教学方法上，教师可以采用Role-playing; Cooperating; Pre-reading; While-reading; Post-reading; brainstorming; listening for special information等教学、学习策略，正确利用好教学图片以及多媒体课件展开课堂教学体现教学过程中学生的参与活动work alone, Pair work, Group work, Discussion.词汇教学可以通过图片或多媒体进行，以原有知识带动新知识，并在教学词汇是，进行必要的句子教学或小篇段教学，使词汇教学不孤立。
牛津译林版 8B八年级下册 Unit1 Past and present 知识点梳理
八年级下册Unit1 Past and present知识点梳理【重点单词】past [pɑːst]过去present ['preznt] 现在，目前just [dʒʌst] 刚才used to (过去持续或常发生)曾经since [sɪns] 自…以来ever ['evə] 曾经，永远，这以前northern ['nɔːðən] 北方的，北部的married [ˈmærɪd] 已婚的，结婚的wife [waɪf] (妻子block [blɒk] 街区since [sɪns] 自…以来over ['əʊvə] 在…期间turn ... Into ... 把…变成…pollution [pəˈluːʃ(ə)n] 污染；污染物factory ['fæktəri] 工厂waste [weɪst] 废料；废品realize ['rɪəlaɪz] 意识到；实现improve [ɪm'pruːv]改进，改善situation [sɪtjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n] 形势，情况in some ways 在某种程度上however [haʊ'evə] 然而impossible [ɪmˈpɒsəbl] 不可能的before [bɪ'fɔː]以前，过去，已经lonely ['ləʊnli] 孤独的，寂寞的from time to time [frɒm//taɪm//tuː//taɪm] 不时，有时，偶尔anyway [ˈenɪweɪ] 尽管，即使这样husband ['hʌzbənd] 丈夫interview [ˈɪntəvjuː]采访；会见all one's life 一生yet [jet] 还，仍recently ['riːsntli]近来，最近past [pɑːst]过去environment [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] 环境transport [trænsˈpɔːt]交通车辆，运输工具condition [kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n] 环境，条件，状况return [rɪ'tɜːn]返回last [lɑːst]最近，上一次；最后abroad [ə'brɔːd]到（在）国外primary [ˈpraɪməri] 小学教育的；初级的keep in touch 保持联系communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] 交流，交际communication [kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] 交流，交际exactly [ɪg'zæktli] （答语）正是，没错be/get used to 习惯于，适应于narrow [ˈnærəʊ] 狭窄的open space 开阔的空地【重点词组】1.in the bowl an hour ago一个小时之前在碗里的ed to do sth.过去常常做某事be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事be used to do sth. 被用来做某事3.do a history project on the changes in Beijing over the years做个有关这些年北京的变化的历史调查4.write a report on the changes in your home town 写一个有关你家乡的变化的报道5.know about the different forms of transport 对不同形式的交通工具很了解6.talk about transport at different times 讨论不同时期的交通工具7.take turns to do sth.=do sth. by turns 轮流做某事8.go to school by bike = ride a bike to school 骑自行车去学校9.wait for the next one 等下一辆车10.go to school by bus= take a bus to school= go to school on the bus乘公交车去学校11.interview sb. to get some information 为了得到些信息采访某人12.know sunshine town very well 对阳光镇很了解13.be born 出生14.move house 搬家15.in the northern part of town 在这个镇的西部16.get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb.和某人结婚17.marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人18.move two blocks away搬到两个街区以外19.live in this area 住在这个地区20.since then 自从那以后since I was born/ since last Saturday/since three days ago21.over the years 这些年over the past century 在过去的几个世纪22.in the town centre= in the centre of the town 在镇中心23.turn/change/put sth. into 把某物变成某物24.a steel factory 一个钢铁厂25.put the waste into the river 把垃圾倒入河里put down 记下put away 收好put on 穿上put off 推迟、延期26.take action to improve the situation采取行动改善这种情况27.in some ways 在某些方面on the way (to ) 在……的路上by the way 顺便说no way 没门in any way 无论如何28.most of my old friends大部分我的老朋友29.move away 搬走/move to(into) another town30.see each other as often as before像以前一样经常看到对方31.play cards and Chinese chess 打牌和下棋32.feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤单33.from time to time = at times = sometimes 有时34.because of being alone 因为独自一人35.a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼on both sides/ on each side36.interview sb.= have an interview with sb. 采访某人37.all his life 整个他的一生38.in the past 在过去at present 现在39.make some notes 做些笔记40.waste sth. on sth./ sb.浪费某物在某物/某人上41.repair over ten bicycles= repair more than ten bicycles修理超过10辆自行车42.teach sb. a lot about the history of China教我很多有关中国的历史43.talk about a film about the history of Beijing讨论一个有关北京历史的影片44.learn more about Beijing’s past and present对北京的过去和现在了解更多45.hear about/of 听说hear from sb.= receive/ get one’s letter=receive/get a letter of sb.收到某人来信46.living conditions 居住条件47.return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人48.go abroad 去国外at home or abroad 在国内外49.at primary school 在小学50.keep in touch with each other 互相保持联系51.make communication much easier使得联系更容易Communicate with sb.和某人保持联系52.take place发生（有目的有计划的）、举行happen发生(偶然发生)53.green hills all around到处都是绿山54.a river runs through the centre of town一条小河穿过镇中心55.get used to the changes of life习惯了生活的变化56.on one’s own = by oneself = alone独自57.throw rubbish 扔垃圾58.in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方59.move into new flats搬到新公寓去60.in their free time在他们业余时间61.travel around the town在镇里转转62.have their own cars= have cars of their own有他们自己的汽车e the new words to talk about my hometown用些新词来讨论我的家乡e facts to support my opinions用事实来支持我的观点【重点句型】1.There were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one.公共汽车上总是有太多的人，并且要花费很长时间等待下一趟。
牛津译林版八年级下册Unit1《PastandPresent》说课稿
牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 1《Past and Present》说课稿一. 教材分析《Past and Present》是牛津译林版八年级下册的一篇文章，主要讲述了英国乡村的变化。
通过对比过去和现在，让学生了解社会的发展和变化。
文章内容丰富，插图生动，有利于激发学生的学习兴趣。
本节课主要通过阅读理解、讨论和写作等方式，提高学生的英语听说读写能力。
二. 学情分析八年级的学生已经具备了一定的英语基础，对阅读理解、词汇和语法知识有一定的掌握。
但部分学生英语听说能力较弱，需要在课堂上给予更多的关注和指导。
此外，学生对乡村生活的了解程度不同，需要在教学中引导学生互相交流，拓宽视野。
三. 说教学目标1.知识目标：学生能够掌握文章中的重点词汇和语法知识，如“used to”、“be used to”等。
2.能力目标：学生能够熟练阅读并理解文章内容，提高阅读理解能力。
3.情感目标：通过对比过去和现在，培养学生珍惜现在生活，关注社会发展的意识。
四. 说教学重难点1.重点：文章中的重点词汇和语法知识。
2.难点：理解文章主题，对比过去和现在，表达对乡村变化的认识。
五. 说教学方法与手段1.任务驱动法：通过设置各种任务，激发学生的学习兴趣，提高学生的参与度。
2.情景教学法：创设情境，让学生在真实的语境中学习英语。
3.合作学习法：引导学生互相交流、讨论，培养学生的团队协作能力。
4.信息技术辅助教学：利用多媒体课件、网络资源等，丰富教学手段，提高教学质量。
六. 说教学过程1.导入：展示英国乡村的图片，引导学生谈论乡村的变化，激发学生兴趣。
2.阅读理解：学生自主阅读文章，回答相关问题，检测学生对文章内容的理解。
3.词汇语法：讲解文章中的重点词汇和语法知识，如“used to”、“beused to”等。
4.讨论：分组讨论乡村的变化，引导学生发表自己的观点。
5.写作：以“My Hometown”为主题，让学生写一篇短文，描述家乡的变化。
2020春牛津译林版英语八下Unit1PastandPresentword重点词组句型及语法
8B Unit1重点词组、句型及语法复习提纲序号Chinese English1 过去和现在past and present2 在过去in the past3 在现在at present / at the moment4 不再not any more / not any longer5 自那以后since then6 作一个历史课题do a history project7 在过去的100年里over the past 100 years8 某地的变化the changes to sp9 写一个关于…的报道write a report on10 不同时代的运输方式transport at different times11 回顾过去look back to the past12 采访某人interv iew sb / have an interview withsb.13 很了解某人know a lot about sb14 搬到/搬进/搬出/搬离move to/ into / out of/ away15 在中国的南部地区in the southern part of China16 A 与B 结婚 A marry B / A be/get married to BA andB get married17 曾经去过/已经去了/待在某地have been to/ have gone to/ have beenin sp.18 实际上in fact19 巨大的变化great changes20 变成公园turn into a park / change into a park21 想念我的老朋友miss my old friends22 打牌下棋play cards and Chinese chess23 起飞（脱衣）take off24 对…感到满意be pleased with25 去某地的快乐之旅a pleasant trip to sp.26 过去常做/过去是used to do / used to be27 习惯于做某事be used to doing28 被用来做某事be used to do sth29 倒入dump into30 废物中的毒素the poison in the waste31 降低污染reduce the pollution32 在某些方面in some ways33 不时from time to time34 有开阔的空间have open space35 把它扔掉throw it away36 和…一样，也，一起as well as37 北京历史的展览an exhibition of the history of Beijing38 和以前一样经常as often as before39 一张近照 a recent photo40 带来好处bring some advantages41 给人们带来麻烦cause many problems for people42 给他们带来幸福生活bring them a happy life43 一个新的旅游胜地 a new tourist attraction44 想起think of45 确保做某事be sure to do46 远离be far from47 一点也不n ot… a bit48 非常n ot…a little49 周围的青山绿水green hills and rivers around50 把某物落在某地leave sth sp51 和某人一起拍照take photos with sb52 拍某人的照片take photos of sb53 处于使用中be in service / be in use54 乘…去某地take … to sp /go to sp by….55 靠近next to56 更少的发展less development57 放学后在学校和朋友聊天stay after school to chat with friends58 同意某人的观点agree with sb59 同意做某事agree to do60 有更多的时间放松自己have more time to relax oneself61 在小学in primary school62 有同感have the same feeling63 自然美景natural beauty64 顺便问一下by the way二、重点句子及句型：1. ----Eddie，have you seen my food ? ----Yes. I’ve just eaten it.factory used to dump its waste into the river.（didn’t use to do/used not to do）have known the place since I was very young.lived together till 1965 when I got married.5.China has changed a lot. = Great changes have happened to China.= There have been gr eat changes in China.of them have moved to other areas and I feel a bit lonely from time to time.cannot see their friends as often as before.government realized it was a very serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution.has lived with Millie since he was born./last year/3years a go.have gone to the cinema already. John has been to the USA a few times. come to school by bus on my ownthinks he is unlucky enough to see the changes to Sunshine Town.will stay there for a whole week to enjoy the sun and the beach.wish you a happy holiday. = I wish you will have a happy holiday.changes to Moonlight Town have brought many benefits but they have also caused many problems for people.16. Some animals and plants have lost their living areas because of these change s.17. It no longer provides a good environment for wildlife. = It does n’t providea good environment for wildlife any longer., let me show you how to get to the train station.三、语法：1.现在完成时用法一：表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响。
牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit1单元知识点讲解
牛津译林版8BU1 Past and present 知识点讲解 Teachingobjectives1.知识目标：掌握第一单元的单词和短语2.技能目标：能够理解篇章，解决篇章问题3.情感目标：学生能够学会用语言描述过去发生的事件 Key points,Difficult points 1.重点单词用法 2.篇章阅读技巧ic strip考点1 You've changed , Eddie.埃迪，你变了。
【知识讲解】change 此处用作不及物动词，意为“变化”。
此外，changes 还可以作及物动词词组：change A into B 意为“把A 变成B”。
_______________________ turn A into B1.In England, the weather changes very often.在英格兰，天气时常变化。
2.The government changed the place into a beautiful park last year.去年政府将这个地方变成了一个漂亮的公园。
3.Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.现在政府已把城镇中心的部分改建成了一个新公园。
(教材第8页)4.The farmers are trying to turn wastelands into rice fields.农民们正努力把荒地变为稻田。
【例题详解】 1．（2023下·江苏常州·八年级校考阶段练习）The country life he was used to (change) greatly since 1992.2．（2023下·江苏泰州·八年级统考阶段练习）With the development of China, the life we were used to (change) greatly in the recent years.3．（2023下·江苏泰州·八年级统考阶段练习）There (be) great changes to this place over the past 10 years.4．（2016上·江苏扬州·八年级统考期中）I’m looking forward to __________(share) my joy with you.5．（2018下·八年级单元测试）Well, that’s another way I could think of ________ (share) the same idea with them.考点2. You used to share food with me!你过去常常与我分着吃食物的!【知识讲解】(1)used to 意为“曾经，过去常常”，暗含“现在不再”之意,后接动词原形。
[译林版]8B Unit1 Past and present 知识点梳理
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8B Unit 1 Past and presentpast n. 意为“过去” in the past 过去（过去时）in the past few years 在过去的几年中present n. 现在，目前at present 目前n.礼物in the future 未来；将来Comic strip ＆Welcome to the unit1、It was in the bowl an hour ago一个小时之前在碗里的an hour ago 一小时前in thebowl在碗里2. I've just eaten it.我刚才把它吃了。
(eat-ate-eaten)just adv. 意为“刚才” 常与完成时连用。
他们刚刚到达。
They have just arrived.注意：just now 意为“刚才”，相当于“a moment ago”通常与一般过去时连用。
我刚才去了图书馆。
I went to the library just now.3. You used to share food with me! 你过去常与我分享食物！●used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯。
本身已是过去时态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此。
1) 他的父母过去住在乡下。
His pare2nts used to live in the countryside.2) Tom 过去常常早起，不是吗？Tom used to get up early, didn't he?/ usedn't he?●be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事My father is used to reading newspapers after dinner.●be used to do 被用来做…… A pen is used to write with.笔是用来写的。
牛津译林版英语八年级下册-8B-Unit1-知识点总结汇总
牛津英语8B Unit 1 Past and present一、重点短语汇总解析1. 在碗里in the bowl 在盘子里on the plate2. 过去和现在past and present（1）pastn. 过去，以前；in the past 在过去adj. 过去的，以前的；in the past few years 在过去的几年里prep. 经过walk past the post office走过邮局（2）presentadj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在；a present for you=a gift for you给你的礼物vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送;【例句】Everyone can be presented a present at present.3. 过去常常…，曾经…(1) used to do sth，(2)used to be+ adj. (3) used to be+ n.(4) 某地曾经有什么:There used to be+n.〈知识链接〉⑴used to do sth →否定式used not to do sth或didn’t use to do sth→疑问式Did sb use to do sth?或Used sb to do sth?4.(1) 习惯于做某事be used to doing sth(2)习惯于某物be used to sth.(3) 逐渐习惯于… get / become used to doing sth/ sth注意：sth. be used to do sth. = sth be used for doing sth. 某物被用来做某事(被动语态)从那以后since then〈知识链接〉since 有几个意思（1）既然（2）因为（3）自...以来（现在完成时）6. (1)搬家move house, (2)搬到Paris: move to Paris.(3)搬走move away (4) 搬入新公寓move into new flats. (区别move in 无宾语)(5) 搬出小镇move out of the town (区别：move out 无宾语)〈知识链接〉move 的名词形式movement. 本课improve 的名词形式improvement。
译林英语8b Unit 1 Past and present知识点
译林英语8b Unit 1 Past and present知识点1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事be used to do sth. 被用来做某事be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事2. marry v. 结婚marry sb. 娶/嫁某人married adj. 已婚的be/get married to sb.与某人结婚marry既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为结婚；嫁；娶；与......结婚等。
常见用法如下：1) marry sb.表示嫁给某人；与......结婚。
例如：John married Mary last week.上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。
学科网2)be/get married to sb.表示与某人结婚。
例如：Jane was married to a doctor last month. 上个月简和一位医生结婚了。
Rose got married to3. east, south, west, north+ern 构成形容词4. turn…into 把…变成it is one’s turn 轮到某人5.improve v. 改进n. improvement6. possible adj. 可能的impossible adj.不可能的7. from time to time 偶尔，有时=sometimes8.interview sb. 采访某人（v.）have an interview 有一场采访（n.）9. protect the environment 保护环境10. primary school 小学junior high school 初中senior high school 高中11. ago是副词，意为……之。
前ago不能单独使用，常跟在表示一段时间的单词或短语之后，常用于一般过去时。
如：Tom went to Beijing 3 years ago. 汤姆三年前去了北京。
Unit1 Past and Present课堂知识点重点笔记讲义 牛津译林版八年级英语下册
Unit1 Past and Present课堂知识点重点笔记讲义牛津译林版八年级英语下册8B U1 Past and presentComic strip-Welcome to the unit Key points01.现在完成时的结构▲①现在完成时的结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词, 助动词要随着主语的变化而变化，当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词要用has。
▲②现在完成时通常表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且还可能继续下去，或者表示过去的行为对现在造成一定的影响，可能还会产生结果等。
◆in the past/last ten/few years 在过去的十/几年里◆over the past/last ten/few years 在过去的十/几年里02.ago adv.以前▲ago的时间参照点是现在或说话的当时，通常与一般过去时连用。
看到ago，通常用一般过去时▲before通常用来表示“过去"的某个时间点之前，一般与现在完成时或过去完成时连用。
速记小法：before和ago巧记口诀:before常在点之前，ago总在段之后，before时态不确定，过去时中用ago。
▲before adv.以前，过去prep.在......之前▲before doing sth.03.just adv.刚才just可用于现在完成时中，置于助动词与实义动词之间，意为“刚才”。
◆just now = a moment ago 刚才(常用于一般过去时)◆just/wait a moment/minute 等一会儿；等一下；就来了；请稍等◆just then = at that moment 就在那时(常用于一般过去时)[单选常考混淆辨析]A.ever 曾经B. never 从不C.just 刚才D.still 仍然；依旧[联想拓展]→just = only adv.(加强语气)正好；仅仅，只不过→just adj.公正的；合适的ed to do sth.▲used to do sth. 过去常常做某事,表示过去经常性、反复性或习惯性的动作或状态，暗含的意思为“过去经常这样做，但现在却不这样做了"。
牛津译林版八年级英语下册8B Unit1 Past and present 知识归纳与拓展
8B Unit1Past and present知识归纳与拓展【重点单词】1. present n. 现在，目前；礼物→ adj.目前的，现在的→ vt.呈现；赠送2. pollution n. 污染；污染物→ pollute vt. 污染3. waste n. 废料；废品→ vt.浪费4. impossible adj. 不可能的→ possible adj. 可能的5. communicate vi. & vt. 交流；传达→ communication n. 交流；交际6. exactly adv. 正是，没错→ exact adj. 精确的7. married adj. 已婚的→ marry vt. &vi. 结婚8. recently adv. 近来，最近→ recent ad j. 最近的9. northern adj.北方的，北部的→ north n. 北方st adv. 最近，上一次；最后→ adj. 最后的；最近的；最新的→ vi. 持续，维持【重点短语】1. share food with me和我分享食物2. all one's life某人的一生3. used to go to school by bike过去常常骑自行车上学4. since then从那以后5. in the northern part of town在城镇的北部6. turn part of the town centre into a new park把镇中心的一部分变成一个新公园7. take action to improve the situation采取措施改善状况8. move away搬走9. feel a bit lonely感到有点儿孤单10. from time to time有时，不时11. get married结婚12. take place发生；举行13. enjoy a comfortable life享受一种舒适的生活14. move into new flats搬进新公寓15. return from the USA从美国回来16. go abroad出国17. keep in touch with each other彼此保持联系18. on one’s own靠某人自己；独自19. in some ways在某些方面20. communicate by email通过电子邮件交流【重点句型】1. ... and it took a long time to wait for the next one. ( P7 )原句意为：……等候下一班车要用很长时间。
牛津译林版(江苏)八年级英语下册单元讲义第八讲 Unit 1 Past and present (
第八讲- Unit 1 Past and present （2）适用学科英语适用年级初二适用区域江苏本讲时长90分钟知识点1.掌握第一单元重点短语知识点2. 现在完成时用法教学目标1知识目标：能够掌握本单元的单词2.技能目标：掌握现在完成时3.情感目标：让学生学会描述过去已经发生的事情，能在语境中熟练地运用现在完成时，要系统练习。
教学重难点现在完成时教学过程一．知识讲解一．重点词汇1.marry sb/get married to /be married to/marry sb to sb2.past(1)n. in the past(2) adv. They went past just now.(3) adj in/during the past few years)(4) prep. It’s half past two.(c.f. passed)3.present n.(1)=gift (2) at presentv. present sb with sth ( presentation)adj. not absent4. over (1)prep. (1)all over the world(2)=more than(3) (c.f. above, on)(4) over the past 100 years(2)adv. be overPhrases: over and over again, come over, all over,go over,over again5. times:at different times;three times a day; at t imes;The New York Times6.south(n.) southern(adj.) : in the southern part of the town7.turn: v.turn round;turn left/right; turn gray; turn into;turn up/down; turn on/offn. take tu rns to do sth; It’s one’s turn to do sth; wait for one’s turn8. alone (c.f. lonely)9. used to; be used to do sth; be used to doing sth10. waste: v. waste time doing sthn. dump waste into the river; It’s a waste of time to do sth11.poison (n.) poisonous (adj.)12.pollute: (v) pollute the air/water pollution(n.) air pollution13.in some ways;in many ways;in the way; on the way to…; by the way14.a bit (c.f. a little)15.throw:( throw-threw-thrown) throw away; throw at…16.interview: (interview sb;have/give an interview with sb.)17.luck: (c.f. lucky,unlucky, luckily, unluckily)good luck to sb, good luck with sth18.unpleasant: (c.f. please,pleased, pleasing, pleasant, unpleasant, pleasure)19.unhealthy: (c.f. health, healthy,healthily,healthier)20.own: (v.) own a shop owner(adj.) my own bookon one’s own, of one’s own21.develop: ( developed, developing, development)22. lend: (lend-le nt-lent) (c.f. borrow)23.attraction: (attract, attractive, attraction) a tourist attraction24.since(1) +Clause He hasn’t been home since he graduatedSince you are nit interested, I won’t tell you ab out it.(2)+n. They have been friends since childrenhood.ever since (c.f. since then)since/for二．重点词组1一个小时前 an hour ago2同某人一起玩 play with sb3在过去的一百年里 over the past 100 years4不同时期的运输 transport at different times5轻轨 light rail6采访某人 interview sb = have an interview with sb7从那时起 since then8搬家 move house9住在城南 live in the southern part of town10住在一起 live to gether11结婚 get / be married12在…镇中心 in the center of town13给我们买一套新房子 buy us a new flat14改变许多 change a lot15在过去 in the past16小饭店 small restaurants17把…变成turn…into18打牌 play cards19下中国象棋 play Chinese chess20一家鞋厂 a shoe factory21水污染 water pollution22过去常常做某事 used to do23被用来做… be used to do24习惯做… be used to doing25把废物倒入河中 dump waste into the river26废物中的毒素 the poison in the waste27杀死鱼和植物 kill fish and plants28一个非常严重的问题 a very serious problem29采取行动降低污染 take action to reduce the pollution 30干净多了 much cleaner31在某些方面 in some ways32开阔的空间 open space33看望我的一些老朋友 see some of my old friends34搬出/进/到 move out of….. /into / to35感到一点寂寞 feel a bit lonely36有时，时不时 from time to time37像以前一样经常 as often as before38镇的历史 the history of the town39非常了解某人 know sb very well40看到阳光镇的变化 see the changes to Sunshine Town 41修理十多辆自行车 repair over ten bicycles42在过去的一个世纪里 over the past century43 喜欢展览 enjoy the exhibition44听说某事 hear about something45北京的过去与现在Beijing’s past and present46在那里呆整整一星期 stay there for a whole week47 事实上 in fact48 我看过的最好的模型 the best model I have seen49 借给某人某物 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb50 例如 for example51 投入使用中 be in service52 乘汽车往返城镇 travel to and from town by bus53 在小学 in primary school54送我去上学 take me to school55独自地 on one’s own56 有更多的空余时间 have more free time57 有时间放松 have time to relax58 有同样的感觉 have the same feeling59 喜欢与…聊天 enjoy chatting with…60 新鲜的空气 fresh air61 一个新的火车站 a new railway station62 现代化的生活 a modern life63 更快更容易 faster and easier64 带来许多好处 bring many advantages65引发许多问题 cause many problems66 你报告的题目 the title of your report67 最近的照片 the recent photo68 在钟楼的旁边 next to the clock tower69 不再not… any more= no longer / no more70 一个新的旅游景点 a new tourist attraction三．重点句型1. Now the government has turned the place intoa park,and we have a large shopping mall and a theatre too.2.The town has changed a lot over the years=Great changes have taken place in the town over the years=There have been great changes in the town over the years.3.The pollution was terrible then because the factory used to dump its wasteinto the river4. It’s nice to have open space and pretty gardens.5. They have moved to other areas in Beijing, and I f eel a bit lonely from time to time.ter, the government realized it was a serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution.7. I had an interview with Daniel’s grandpa this morning.8.It’s difficult for him to see some of the m as often as bofore.9. I must say that it’s the best model I have ever seen10. There are now many new words, new buildings and a lot more people.11.Today, Daniel lent me a book about Starlight Town in the past and the present.12.The changes to Moonlight Town have brought many advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people.13. I’m happy that she has time to relax more.语法一. 定义：1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
牛津译林版英语八年级下册-8B-Unit1-知识点总结汇总
牛津译林版英语八年级下册-8B-Unit1-知识点总结汇总Oxford English 8B Unit 1: Past and PresentKey Phrases:1.In the bowl/on the plate2.Past and presentPastNoun: The time before now。
in the pastAdjective: XXX place in the past。
in the past few yearsn: Having gone by。
walk past the post officePresentAdjective: Existing or occurring now。
presentNoun: The present time。
at present。
a present for you = a gift for youVerb: Introduce。
appear。
offer。
presentXXX sentence: XXX XXX with a present at present.ed to do something。
Used to be + adjective/noun。
There used to be + nounUsed to do something: Past XXXNegative form: Used not to do something or didn't use to do somethingn form: Did someone use to do something。
or Used someone to do something?4.Be used to doing something。
Be used to something。
Get/e used to doing something/somethingNote: XXX is used to do something = Something is used for doing something (passive voice)5.Since thenSince has several meanings: (1) Since。
牛津译林版英语八年级下册 Unit 1 Past and present 知识点整理
牛津译林版英语八年级下册Unit 1 Past andpresent 知识点整理Unit 1 Past and present 过去和现在【重点词汇】pass-passed-passed 过去past过去in the past在过去从前的；刚过去的in the past few weeks近几周介词（表示时间）在...之后；经过twenty past five 5点二十经过walk past走过present现在,目前at present目前，现在赠送；颁发，授予出席，在场（作表语或后置定语）现存的，现在的（做前置定语）just 刚才（常与现在完成时连用）恰好，正好相当于exactly仅仅是；只是相当于onlyjust then就在那时相当于at that momentjust与just now区别just常与现在完成时连用，位于实义动词之前，助动词、情态动词或系动词之后just now常与一般过去时连用，相当于a moment ago，通常位于句末change改变，更换change/turn...into... 把...变成...变化，变革；零钱（不可数名词）since自……以来ever曾经northern北方的，北部的southern western easternmarried已婚的，结婚的get married结婚be married已婚be/get married to sb.与某人结婚wife妻子-wivesknife-kniveswolf-wolvesthief-thieveshalf-halvesleaf-leavesaway离开，在（某距离）处go away离开right away立刻take away带走run away逃离put away收起来far away远离keep...away from... 使...远离...block街区pollution污染;污染物pollutelight pollution光污染air pollution空气污染water pollution水污染noise pollution 噪声污染problem问题，难题question与ask/answerproblem难以解决问题solve/work out连用factory工厂waste废料;废品（不可数名词）废弃的，无用的；荒芜的浪费，滥用waste sth. on sth.浪费某物在某物/事上waste sth. (in) doing sth.浪费某物做某事realize意识到；实现realize实现，是及物动词，被实现come true实现，成为现实，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态situation形势，情况husband丈夫impossible不可能的impossibly-possibly可能性interview采访;会见n.对……进行面试;采访environment环境condition环境，条件，状况lonely和alonelonely形容词孤独的，强调人的内心感受；偏僻的。
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8BU1：Past and present单元重难点提优训练整理一、单项选择：1.________ your grandpa ___________ in the old house in the past?A. Did, liveB. Has, livedC. Have, livedD. Do, live2.My uncle __________ a farmer,but now he is a driver.A. is used to beB. used to beC. is used toed to being3. Look at that new model plane. It must____________a lot of money.A. costB. payC. spendD. take4.Have you ever_________to the Great Wall? It’s very beautiful.A.goneB.beenC.wentD.go5. ---________the way,do you think life is better than before__________many ways?---Yes.It’s much more colourful.A.By;byB.By;inC.In;inD.In;by6.---I’m________thirsty after a long walk.---But there is only __________water in the bottle.A.a bit;a bitB.a bit of;a bit ofC.a bit of;a bitD.a bit;a bit of7. Is__________air pollution__________problem in Sunshine Town now?A. an; aB. /; theC. /; a D .the; the8. Simon and Sandy got married____________2016. Now they have a lovely daughter.A. toB. forC. inD. since9.The couple live__________on a(n)___________island, but they don’t feel__________.A. lonely, lonely, lonelyB. alone, alone, aloneC. alone, alone, lonelyD. alone, lonely, lonely10. ---What do you think of the show?---It’s the most interesting show that I have__________watched.A.everB.evenC.justD.never11. They will do a history project ___________ the changes in China over the years.A.onB.ofC.inD.with12. Last Thursday when I got to the station, I____________I had left my ticket at home.A.understoodB. realizedC. believedD. seemed13. Look! The reporter from CCTV is having an interview ____________ Mr. Green.A.onB. inC.toD.with14. Lucy got married ________a policeman twenty years ago.A.withB.forC.toD.of15. ---_____________have you been here? ---Since a month ago.A. How oftenB. How farC. How longD. How soon16. Many college students____________for further study at presents.A.go to abroadB.go abroadC.are going to aboardD.going aboard17.My uncle will ____________home from the USA tomorrow.A.return backB.return toC.return back toD.return18. The famous writer ________ one new book in the past two years.A. is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written19. When did your father____________your mother?A. marryB. marry toC. marry withD.get married20. ---Can I_______a book about science from you? ---Yes. But you can only_______it for a week.A. borrow; keepB. lend; keepC. borrow; lendD. keep; borrow21. ---Your father has never been to Beijing, _______ he?---_______. He went there last year.A. has; NoB. has; YesC. hasn’t; NoD. hasn’t; Yes22. Ten years___________since I left my hometown. How I miss my parents!A. has pastB. has passedC. have pastD. have passed23. This kind of computer looks _________and sells _________in this shop.A.nice;wellB. nice;goodC. well;wellD.good;nice24. Who __________the water? The classroom is very clean and tidy.A. mopsB.was moppingC. has moppedD.mopped25. ---Excuse me, when _______you________the man in blue?---Last year in Nanjing. And I___________him for about one year.A.did,know;have knownB.have,known;have knownC.did,know;knewD.have,known;knew二、词汇运用：1.The_________(wife) of the policemen usually do most of the housework because their husbands are busy.2. Have you read anything interesting_____________ (近来), Jim?3. ---You mean Mr. Green is unhappy with what I said just now? ---___________ (的确).4. Water____________ (pollute) is one of the most serious problems we are facing now.5. I think the Internet makes_____________(交流) much easier.6. The Great Wall runs across the (北方) part of China.7. When my parents got______________(marry), they didn’t have much furniture.8. There were two shoe____________ (工厂) in our hometown five years ago.9. The little girl will travel____________ (在国外)to learn more about art.10. The boss (面试) twenty people for the job last Sunday.11. We Chinese people begin to (意识到) the importance of protecting the wild animals.12. We must do something to protect the (环境).13. The workers don’t put the______________(废料) into the river any more now.14. ---Do you know Hong Kong? ---Yes, it ____________ (回归)to China in 1997.15. The government is trying to improve people’s living ________________(状况).16. There are twelve____________ (街区)in the famous city.17. That girl is so tall. Is she in____________(初级的) school or in middle school?18. After leaving his hometown, my uncle often feels____________(孤独).19.The roads used to be ____________(狭窄的) and dirty.20. The government hopes to improve the _____________ (情况)of the farmers.三、完成句子1. 不管怎样，生活不像以前那么困难了。