Psycholinguistic-心理语言学幻灯片
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PL finding: heavy reliance on bottom-up details does not significantly facilitate comprehensio7n.
Production
• Conceptualization • Formulation • Articulation • Self-monitoring
• Why do we usually speak more slowly and hesitantly in a foreign language than in our mother tongue?
• How do speakers try to compensate for the gaps in their incomplete L2 system?
1.How do people comprehend language? 2.How do they produce it? 3.How do they acquire it? 4.How do they lose it? 5.How does a particular language affect cognition, if at all?
2.Syntax : active easier than passive
The lifeguard rescued the swimmer. The swimmer was rescued by the lifeguard.
6
Comprehension of speech
Top-down
3.Semantic factors
De Bot1992; Dornyei and Kormos 1998;Poulisse and Bongaerts 1994;
Chapter 13
9
Formulation:
slips of the tongue
Spoonerism:
“You noble tons of soil ” to “you noble sons of toil”
8
A special area of interest: how the production of a foreign language differs from speaking in one’s mother tongue.
• At which production stage is the language of the message decided?
The swimmer rescued the lifegu源自文库rd. The swimmer was rescued by the lifeguard.
4. Discourse level
Difficult to understand or remember: Short, vaguely written paragraphs without titles, pictures and other contextual clues
• Practice • Conclusion • Reference
2
Introduction
• Psycholinguistics • The psychology of language • Cognitive science
Diversity &breadth
3
Definition :… any inquiry that attempts to use cognitive processing of linguistic data as a window to how the human mind operates.
linguists are “psychologically real” in that
they seem to shape the formulation of
4
Research
Comprehension
• Common theme: how the linguistic activities most people perceive as simple and commonplace turn out, after scientific scrutiny, to be exceedingly complex processes.
Comprehension of speech
Bottom-up: phoneme
5
identification
Comprehension of speech
Top-down
1.Contextual clues
-eel was on the shoe.
Heel
-eel was on the orange. Peel
They almost never violate phonotactic rules of a language.
Brake fluid to Blake fruid You noble ton ofs soil
Briefly, slips of the tongue suggest that
many structures and rules posited by
• How are the corresponding first language(L1) and second language(L2) words related and why does code switching occur relatively frequently?
• In what ways does our mother tongue interfere with the production of L2 speech?
Chapter 11
Psycholinguistic
25th Oct. 20114
Structure
• Introduction and Background • Research comprehension /production
/acquisition/dissolution/linguistic relativity
Production
• Conceptualization • Formulation • Articulation • Self-monitoring
• Why do we usually speak more slowly and hesitantly in a foreign language than in our mother tongue?
• How do speakers try to compensate for the gaps in their incomplete L2 system?
1.How do people comprehend language? 2.How do they produce it? 3.How do they acquire it? 4.How do they lose it? 5.How does a particular language affect cognition, if at all?
2.Syntax : active easier than passive
The lifeguard rescued the swimmer. The swimmer was rescued by the lifeguard.
6
Comprehension of speech
Top-down
3.Semantic factors
De Bot1992; Dornyei and Kormos 1998;Poulisse and Bongaerts 1994;
Chapter 13
9
Formulation:
slips of the tongue
Spoonerism:
“You noble tons of soil ” to “you noble sons of toil”
8
A special area of interest: how the production of a foreign language differs from speaking in one’s mother tongue.
• At which production stage is the language of the message decided?
The swimmer rescued the lifegu源自文库rd. The swimmer was rescued by the lifeguard.
4. Discourse level
Difficult to understand or remember: Short, vaguely written paragraphs without titles, pictures and other contextual clues
• Practice • Conclusion • Reference
2
Introduction
• Psycholinguistics • The psychology of language • Cognitive science
Diversity &breadth
3
Definition :… any inquiry that attempts to use cognitive processing of linguistic data as a window to how the human mind operates.
linguists are “psychologically real” in that
they seem to shape the formulation of
4
Research
Comprehension
• Common theme: how the linguistic activities most people perceive as simple and commonplace turn out, after scientific scrutiny, to be exceedingly complex processes.
Comprehension of speech
Bottom-up: phoneme
5
identification
Comprehension of speech
Top-down
1.Contextual clues
-eel was on the shoe.
Heel
-eel was on the orange. Peel
They almost never violate phonotactic rules of a language.
Brake fluid to Blake fruid You noble ton ofs soil
Briefly, slips of the tongue suggest that
many structures and rules posited by
• How are the corresponding first language(L1) and second language(L2) words related and why does code switching occur relatively frequently?
• In what ways does our mother tongue interfere with the production of L2 speech?
Chapter 11
Psycholinguistic
25th Oct. 20114
Structure
• Introduction and Background • Research comprehension /production
/acquisition/dissolution/linguistic relativity