翻译硕士MTI英语翻译基础1解析
2013年安徽大学英语翻译硕士考研真题及其答案解析
财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班
2013年安徽大学
英语翻译硕士
考研真题及答案解析
育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:
历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.
有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。
翻译硕士英语
一、选择题 （30题） 考语法词汇
二、阅读
四篇文章：哲学与科学、少数族裔式的名字在工作中的影响、左撇子的生活。
大部分是选择题，偶尔三四个简答题，原文中可找到答案。
三、写作：话题是Should we read for purpose or just pleasure? 字数不少于400
英语翻译基础
一、短语翻译
汉翻英： 十八大、残奥会、互惠条款等；英翻汉：Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS)，sunset industry 、felicity conditions 、reproducing age……
二、段落
汉翻英：介绍花鼓灯；英翻汉：关于传奇人物William T ell ，当时文献中未曾记载其人其事，作者举例佐证。
汉语写作与百科知识。
2013年北京大学英语翻译硕士考研真题及其答案解析
财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班2013年北京大学英语翻译硕士考研真题及答案解析育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。
英语翻译基础1.这对翻译术语是由美国著名翻译理论学家劳伦斯韦努蒂（Lawrence Venuti ）于1995年在《译者的隐身》中提出来的。
归化：是要把源语本土化，以目标语或译文读者为归宿，采取目标语读者所习惯的表达方式来传达原文的内容。
归化翻译要求译者向目的语的读者靠拢，译者必须像本国作者那样说话，原作者要想和读者直接对话，译作必须变成地道的本国语言。
归化翻译有助于读者更好地理解译文，增强译文的可读性和欣赏性。
2.异化：是“译者尽可能不去打扰作者，让读者向作者靠拢”。
在翻译上就是迁就外来文化的语言特点，吸纳外语表达方式，要求译者向作者靠拢，采取相应于作者所使用的源语表达方式，来传达原文的内容，即以目的语文化为归宿。
使用异化策略的目的在于考虑民族文化的差异性、保存和反映异域民族特征和语言风格特色，为译文读者保留异国情调。
作为两种翻译策略，归化和异化是对立统一，相辅相成的，绝对的归化和绝对的异化都是不存在的。
在广告翻译实践中译者应根据具体的广告语言特点、广告的目的、源语和目的语语言特点、民族文化等恰当运用两种策略，已达到具体的、动态的统一。
3.语内翻译（intralingual translationn 的“改变说法”（rewording ）。
翻译硕士(MTI)(英语笔译)(学科专业代码：580100)
翻译硕士（MTI）（英语笔译）（学科专业代码：580100）一、学位名称翻译硕士专业学位（英语笔译）二、培养目标1.培养德智体全面发展的人才。
要求学生有坚定正确的政治方向，热爱祖国，有理想，遵纪守法，有敬业精神，有职业道德，有团队合作精神，有健康的体魄和心智。
2.掌握一门第二外国语；培养有国际视野、交流才能和创新意识的具有坚实的双语基础、专业知识和口笔译技能，适应国家经济、文化、社会发展需要的高层次、应用型、专业性笔译人才。
三、学习年限2年四、培养方式1.实行学分制。
学生须通过学校规定课程的考试，成绩及格即取得相应学分；修满规定学分后可撰写学位论文；学位论文经答辩通过可申请翻译硕士专业学位。
2.实行导师组集体指导制。
导师组由校内导师及社会翻译专家共同构成。
3.试行课内教学与课外实践相结合的培养模式。
学生在完成规定课程学习的基础上，还应充分利用寒、暑假及课余完成大约十万字的笔译实践。
五、课程类型及学分总学分：30 学分其中，学位基础课： 3门课 6学分专业必修程： 4门课 8学分专业选修课： 7门课 14学分社会实践与学术会议：提交4篇相关论文 2学分鼓励学生参加国家人事部II级或教育部中级笔译资格证书考试，获证书者计2学分。
六、学位论文及学位授予学生修满规定学分，各科成绩合格，在导师指导下撰写出学位论文并通过答辩，准予毕业并发给翻译硕士专业学位研究生毕业证书，符合《中华人民共和国学位条例》者，授予翻译硕士专业学位。
论文形式二选一：研究论文或实践报告，二者均要求用英语写作，前者字数一万至一万五，后者八千左右。
七、学位论文撰写时间安排6月答辩时间安排12月答辩时间安排八、课程设置九、必读书目I．专著类1．连淑能．《英汉对比研究》．高等教育出版社．1993．2．周兆祥．《翻译与人生》．中国对外翻译出版公司．1998．3．段连城．《怎样对外介绍中国》．中国对外翻译出版公司．1993．4．琼〃平卡姆．《中式英语之鉴》．外语教学与研究出版社．2003．5．金圣华．《齐向译道行》．（《英语世界》2004年至今连载）．6．方梦之．《实用文本汉译英》．青岛出版社．2004．7．陈小慰．《新编实用翻译教程》．经济科学出版社．2006．8．张健．《报刊语言翻译》．高等教育出版社．2008．9．陈刚．《旅游翻译与涉外导游》．中国对外翻译出版公司．2004．10．贾文波．《汉英时文翻译教程》．中国对外翻译出版公司．2008．11．常玉田．《经贸汉译英教程》．对外经济贸易大学出版社．2002．12．王颖．《公示语汉英翻译》．对外经济贸易大学出版社．2007．13．方梦之、范武邱．《科技翻译教程》．上海外语教育出版社．2008．14．Nida, Eugene, Language and Culture, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001．15．William, Jenny & Andrew Chesterman．The Map: A Beginner’s Guide to Doing Research in Translation Studies．Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004．II．报刊类1．《中国翻译》2．《上海翻译》3．《东方翻译》4．《中国科技翻译》5．《中国科技术语》6．《英语世界》7．《译神》（电子杂志）8．《语言桥之声》9．China Daily10．Beijing ReviewIII．工具书类1．《汉英外事工作常用词汇》编篡委员会．《汉英外事工作常用词汇》外文出版社．2000．2．中国日报网站．《汉英最新特色词汇》．上海社会科学院出版社．2002．3．张健．《报刊新词英译词典》．上海科技教育出版社．2001．4．方凡泉．《新汉英分类口译词典》．世界图书出版公司．2003．5．杨全红．《简明汉英时事用语手册》．知识出版社．2002．。
2011年四川外国语学院翻译硕士MTI考研真题答案解析
04. Each of these people instruct their children as well as they can, but these instructions are feeble compared with those which are given to the youth of the poorest class in Europe.
译: 他为人稳重且勤奋，因此他在此生已成为了自己应当成为的那种人。至于来世，他只能 托付给伟大的造物主了。
03. As old ploughmen and new men of the woods, as Europeans and new made Indians, they contract the vices of both; they adopt the moroseness and ferocity of a native, without his mildness, or even his industry at home.
译: 离开开罗后，他们花了很长时间爬上桥，慢慢向上走，直到爬到比秃树梢还高的地方。 她低下头看到微光在蔓延，河底变宽，然后水流出现了，倒映着地平线的晨曦。
20. In that year I had had time to become aware of the meaning of all my father’s bitter warnings, had discovered the secret of his proudly pursed lips and rigid carriage: I had discovered the weight of white people in the world.
2016年中南大学翻译硕士MTI真题答案解析
2016年中南大学翻译硕士MTI真题答案解析各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
第1卷：基础英语Part 1: Grammar and V ocabulary. （25 POINTS）01. Is vanity one of the seven deadly sins?A. foolishnessB. sanityC. prideD. selfishness02. The child was uncomfortable under the scrutiny of his grandfather.A. examinationB. weightC. gazeD. attention03. Professor Bright likes to ramble during her lectures.A. mumbleB. ruminateC. wonderD. wander04. The teacher is very exacting about his students’penmanship.A. lenientB. demandingC. carefulD. meticulous05. There are rumors of an economic menace from the dairy cooperatives.A. problemB. ultimatumC. disasterD. threat06. The driver was baffled when his turn signal wouldn’t work.A. confusedB. surprisedC. angeredD. dismayed07. The father gave his son a horse, which was considered extravagant by the rest of the family.A. exorbitantB. crazyC. unwiseD. generous08. After the boy was hit on the head, he had no recollection of anything that had happened before.A. memoirB. memberC. memoryD. memento09. The little girls were commended for their wonderful dance presentation.A. recommendedB. respectedC. pleasedD. praised10. It would be a blessing for the human race if the mosquito could be eradicated.A. wiped upB. wiped awayC. wiped offD. wiped out11. The clamorous group of children enjoyed the park all afternoon.A. nosyB. noxiousC. noisyD. noisome12. The flood waters began to abate as soon as the rain ceased.A. diminishB. dimC. deemD. dilute13. New York City’s Brooklyn area holds 2. 2 million diverse and disputatious people.A. disreputableB. argumentativeC. arbitraryD. ardent14. Few visitors care that the neighborhood is dominated by high rises and skyscrapers.A. overlookedB. overthrownC. over passedD. overshadowed15. With the new leadership there came sweeping change.A. uprootingB. wide-reachingC. reachingD. specific16. The sudden bankruptcy of these financial giants threw the investors ____ and caused them to ____.A. in a panic/stampedeB. in a panic/panicC. in confusion/hold their stocksD. in despair/withdraw gradually17. During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross, ____ out of emergency headquarters in Mississippi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless.A. operatesB. is operatingC. has operatedD. operating18. The quantum theory states ____, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite units called quanta or photons.A. energy thatB. that it is energyC. it is energyD. that energy19. The best known of all the Arctic birds, ____.A. birdwatchers favor ptarmigansB. being ptarmigans’and birdwatchers’favoritesC. favored by both ptarmigans and birdwatchersD. ptarmigans are a favorite of birdwatchers20. Geysers are round near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil ____.A. surface below the deepB. deep below the surfaceC. the deep below surfaceD. the deep surface below21. “Yesterday he had a blue heart and coat.”That is an example of ____.A. punB. metonymyC. zeugmaD. sytllepsis22. “By day’s end, I had drilled 4216 holes to a depth of 18 inches, and I had lost mine pounds, my hearing, feeling in both hands and the ability to lift anything heavier than the evening paper.”That is an example of ____.A. punB. syllepsisC. anticlimaxD. allusion23. “Britannia rules the waves, Mussolini waives the rules.”That is an example of ____.A. paregmenonB. regressionC. paradoxD. zeugma24 “Clearly, when it comes to marriage, practicing beforehand doesn’t make perfect.”That is an example of ____.A. oxymoronB. transferred epithetC. malapropismD. parody25. “The one in the brown suit gaped at her. Blue suit grinned, might even have winked. The big nose in grey suit still stared—and he had small angry eyes and did noteven smile.”That is an example of ____.A. hyperboleB. transferred epithetC. metonymyD. oxymoronPart 2: Reading Comprehension. （15 POINTS）Passage AFor years, millions of Americans and people from around the world have crowded into the well-known major parks. They have read the travel literature or heard firsthand reports about these wonders, and naturally they’ve had to see for themselves.At times, visiting some of our parks has become more like rubbing elbows at a jam packed Major League baseball game than sensing the solitude of the wilderness. We have tried to see the most and the best in the least amount of time. We have jumped into cars and campers and rushed off to cover a dozen parks in a week or two —madly snapping photographs as we go.01. According to the passage, many Americans visit the major parks because ____.A. they like the well-known major parks.B. they want to gain the same knowledge as others.C. they want to show the pictures of those parks to their friends.D. they don’t care for the historic parks.02. We can infer from the passage that ____.A. people should not visit several parks superficially.B. people should not spend more time thinking about the park itself.C. people should visit the famous parks in America.D. people should drive around the parks.Passage BFull-time faculty and staff on the University payroll, when applying for an annual permit, may authorize payment of their parking fees by payroll deduction. The first deduction will include the regular monthly deduction of $15.00 plus a one-time deduction to cover all parking charges accruing prior to the first deduction period.01. These instructions apply to ____.A. anyone who is applying for a parking permitB. all people who want to park at the UniversityC. people who work full-time at the UniversityD. people who are applying to work at the University02. You may have your parking fees deducted from your pay if you ____.A. are applying for an annual permitB. have paid all prior parking chargesC. apply before the first deduction periodD. park at the University regularlyPassage CThe science of linguistics has helped to reconstruct the long road the ancestors of modern day Indians traveled in North America. At the time of the discovery of the New World, the explorers found a babel of tongues. In North and South America more languages were spoken—about 2,200 of them—than all of Europe and Asia at that time. Despite what some early explorers and European scholars believed, there never was such a language as “American Indian”—meaning, presumably, one common language with only local dialects. Rather than one common language that linked the Indians of North America, about 550 distinct languages were spoken, and nearly everylanguage comprised numerous dialects. A second misconception was that a language had to be written to rank as a full-fledged language. In North America, a truly written language developed only in Mexico, yet most Indian groups were able to communicate a rich unwritten tradition of poetry, oratory, and drama.01. When explorers discovered North America, ____.A. there was one common language spoken throughout the landB. they discovered a placed called BabelC. written language was an important means of communicationD. there were many languages spoken, most with many dialects02. An incorrect belief of some early scholars was that ____.A. 550 distinct languages were spoken in North AmericaB the American Indian language had many dialectsC. more languages were spoken in North America than in EuropeD. to be a real language, a language had to be written03. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? ____A. Only Mexican Indians communicated through poetry, drama, and oration.B. Most Indian languages were rich in poetry, oratory and drama.C. Only written Indian languages were rich in poetry, oratory, and drama.D. North American Indians did not develop a truly written language.Passage DIn general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations”experts, yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue- and white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might f themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates, They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again—by thepsychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise”capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.01. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery”the author intends to render the idea that man is ____.A. a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligibleB. working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD. a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly02. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.A. they are likely to lose their jobsB. they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC. they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD. they are deprived of their individuality and independence03. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those ____.A. who are at the bottom of the societyB. who are higher tip in their social statusC. who prove better than their fellow-competitorsD. who could keep far away from this competitive world04. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should ____.A. resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB. offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC. enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD. take the fundamental realities for grantedPassage EThe newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, pure, unprejudiced, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts, This is the most importantassignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of society news) as “local”news, because any event in the international area has local reaction in the financial market, political circles, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you consider giving an interpretation, you are entering dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions. What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?As for the first question, consider how a so-called “factual”story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out these fifty, his space being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten which he considers most important. This is judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the beginning of the article. (This is an important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond fine first paragraph.) This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether fine article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large influence, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.Thus in the presentation of a so-called “factual”or “objective”story, at leastthree judgments: are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which. , reporter and editor, calling upon their research resources, their general background, and their “news neutralism”, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, art both objective rather than subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the light in the murky news channels.) If an editor is intent on giving a prejudiced view of the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that support his particular viewpoint. Or he can do it by the play he gives a story —promoting it to page one or putting it on page thirty.01. The best title for this passage is ____.A. Function of the Night EditorB. Interpreting the NewsC. Subjective versus Objective ProcessesD. Choosing Facts02. The author implies that ____.A. in writing a factual story, the writer must use judgmentB. the writer should limit himself to the factsC, reporters give prejudiced view of the factsD. editors control what the reporters write03. The beginning sentence should present the most important fact because ____.A. it will influence the reader to continueB. most readers read only the first paragraphC. it is the best way to write according to the schools of journalismD. it details the general attitude of the writer04. Readers are justified in thinking that the most important aspect of the news reported in the newspaper is that it should be ____.A. interpreted in detailB. edited properlyC. objectively reportedD. impartialPart 3: Translation. （30 POINTS）01. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us withunconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understated life better.02. Materialistic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others face gives a certain level of fulfillment. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness. No mind is happy without peace. We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one, failure and despair. But these things are temporary and pass away.03. Failure is the path to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect. Here it becomes very important to keep our head on our shoulder. The only way to show our gratitude to God for bestowing success on us is by being humble, modest, courteous and respectful to the less fortunate ones.04. Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there is a day. Nothing remains the same. We have only one choice keep moving on in life and be hopeful.05. Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull. So the only alternative is work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.06. 从我居室的窗口望出去，可以看到一棵高高的芙蓉树。
2013年南开大学翻译硕士考研英语翻译基础考研真题及答案解析
2013年南开大学翻译硕士考研英语翻译基础考研真题及答案解析一、英汉互译RCEP，Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution皇家环境污染委员会a bull market，牛市，价格上涨的市场Russian ruble，俄罗斯卢布anti-dumping，反倾销stock in trade，库存,存货paid on delivery，货到付款unanimous vote，全票通过carbon footprint，碳足迹recursive function，递归函数provisional agenda，临时议程ready-made garment，成衣United Nation secretariat，联合国秘书处Global Environment Facility，全球环境基金International Refugee Organization，国际难民组织The World Travel and Tourism Council，世界旅行和旅游理事会种族歧视，race discrimination就职演说，inaugural speech和谐共赢，harmonious and win-win文化事业，cultural undertakings全民健身，nationwide fitness programs本地化服务，localization services产能过剩行业，industries with excess capacity放宽市场准入，liberalize market access自主创新能力，capacity for independent innovation载人航天飞行，manned space flight促进生态修复，promote ecological restoration公共卫生体系，public health system科技成果产业化，industrialization of scientific and technological achievements多语言跨文化交际，multi-language cross-cultural communication古为今用，洋为中用make the past serve the present,to make foreign things serve China二、英译汉：As long as there is class division and social inequality,Karl Marx will be the most relevant socialthinker of the twenty-one century.……三、汉译英：科学家们花了300年的时间，通过做实验并进行计算，才确定了光在真空中惊人的传播速度：每秒钟186,282英里（约折合299,784公里）。
MTI样题及答案
翻译硕士考试样题及参考答案翻译硕士考试《英语翻译基础》样题I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point f or each. (30’)1. APEC2. ASEAN3. CFO4. CPI5. EMS “Express Mail Service”)，邮政特快专递服务6. FBI7. GPS8. IPO全称Initial public offerings(首次公开募股)，9. NATO10. International Monetary Fund11. most favored nations12. Intellectual Property Rights13. Certified Public Accountant注册会计师14. European Free Trade Association欧洲自由贸易联盟15. International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能总署16. 按揭贷款mortgage17. 保健食品health food18. 保税区bonded area19. 不正之风unhealthy tendency20. 春运Spring Festival travel21. 第三产业tertiary /service sector22. 法制国家a state with an adequate legal system23. 国际惯例international common practice24. 货到付款cash on delivery25. 亏损企业enterprises running in the red/under deficit26. 减员增效reduce staff for greater efficiency27. 联合兼并conglomeration and merger of enterprises28. 留职停薪retain the job but suspend the salary29. 特别提款权special drawing rights (SDR; SDRs) ; paper gold30. 市场准入market access, market admittanceII. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. Ifthe source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)Source Text 1:A physician starts playing a harsh mental tape in her head every time a new patient calls: What if I make the wrong diagnosis? I’m a terrible doctor. How did I get into medical school? An executive loses his job despite 25 productive years, he tells hims elf: I’m a loser. I can’t provide for my family, and I’ll never be able to do it again. If these real-life examples sound familiar, you may have a caustic commentary running in your head, too. Psychologists say many of their patients are plagued by a harsh Inner Critic—including some extremely successful people who think it’s the secret to their success.An Inner Critic can indeed roust you out of bed in the morning, get you on the treadmill (literally and figuratively) and spur you to finish that book or symphony or invention. But the desire to achieve can get hijacked by harsh judgment and unrelenting fear. Unrelenting self-criticism often goes hand in hand with anxiety, and it may even predict depression. Self-criticism is also a factor in eating disorders, and body disorder—that is, preoccupation with one’s perceived physical flaws.Many people’s Inner Critic makes an appearance early in life and is such a constant companion that it’s part of their personality. Psychologists say that children, particularly those with a genetic predisposition to depression, may internalize and exaggerate the expectations of parents or peers or society. One theory is that self-criticism is anger turned inward, when sufferers are filled with hostility but too afraid and insecure to let it out. Other theories hold that people who scold themselves are acting out guilt or shame or subconsciously shielding themselves against criticism from others: You can’t tell me anything I don’t already tell myself, even in harsher terms.Techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy can be helpful in changing patterns of thought that have become painful. There are many patients, such as doctors, lawyers—who believed that if they didn’t flog themselves, they wouldn’t be successful. And par t of psychologists’ work is to break through that belief by telling the patients that they usually succeed in spite of their Inner Critics, not because of them. (360 words)【Key words】depression 抑郁症cognitive behavioral therapy 认知行为疗法Source Text 2:农业是多哈谈判的核心。
新疆大学英语MTI 2011-2014英语翻译硕士考研真题与答案
英语MTI历年真题答案14----112014百科一，名词解释1，本草纲目：《本草纲目》，药学著作，五十二卷，明朝李时珍撰，刊于1590年。
全书共190多万字，载有药物1892种，收集医方11096个，绘制精美插图1160幅，分为16部、60类，是中国古代汉医集大成者。
李时珍在继承和总结以前本草学成就的基础上，结合作者长期学习、采访所积累的大量药学知识，经过实践和钻研，历时数十年而编成的一部巨著。
书中不仅考正了过去本草学中的若干错误，综合了大量科学资料，提出了较科学的药物分类方法，溶入先进的生物进化思想，并反映了丰富的临床实践。
本书也是一部具有世界性影响的博物学著作。
2，东非大峡谷：东非大裂谷（East African Great Rift Valley）是世界大陆上最大的断裂带，从卫星照片上看去犹如一道巨大的伤疤。
当乘飞机越过浩翰的印入东非大陆的赤道上空时，从机窗向下俯视，地面上有一条硕大无比的“刀痕”呈现在眼前，这就是著名的“东非大裂谷”，亦称“东非大峡谷”。
这条长度相当于地球周长1/6的大裂谷，气势宏伟，景色壮观，是世界上最大的裂谷带，有人形象地将其称为“地球表皮上的一条大伤痕”。
东非大裂谷的整个形状可画成不规则三角形，最深达2000米，宽30-100千米，全长6000千米，是世界最长的不连续谷，由探险家约翰·华特·古格里所命名。
东非大裂谷的详细地理位置以三角形的三个点来描述的话，南点在莫桑比克入海口，西北点则远到苏丹约旦河，北点则可进入死海。
中间有相当多个湖泊、火山群。
3，董仲舒：董仲舒（前179年―前104年），汉族，广川郡（今河北省衡水市景县广川镇大董古庄）人，汉代思想家、哲学家、政治家、教育家。
汉武帝元光元年（前134年），汉武帝下诏征求治国方略。
儒生董仲舒在《举贤良对策》中系统地提出了“天人感应”、“大一统”学说和“罢黜百家，表彰六经”的主张。
董仲舒认为，“道之大原出于天”，自然、人事都受制于天命，因此反映天命的政治秩序和政治思想都应该是统一的。
北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题答案解析与名师点评
北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题答案解析与名师点评一、英语翻译基础英汉短语互译：Bogor GoalsFTAAPzero-sum gameALSNASAgenomic variationozone depletionsinologybitcoinUNCEDpaparazziamino aciddigital divideexistentialismsilver-spoon kids十八届四中全会亚太经合组织互联互通量化宽松公使衔参赞埃博拉病毒自闭症防空识别区负面清单房产税专利技术和而不同地沟油真人秀逆袭二、篇章翻译今年篇章翻译由以前的四篇改为了两篇，我也破天荒第一次翻译前打了草稿。
英译汉是一篇有关里约环境会议的，说实话我词汇量不行，看着也有点儿晕。
汉译英是刘梦溪写的有关孟子精神和现代社会的文章，很多文言文，比方什么礼义廉耻、国之四端之类。
其实明白中文的意思翻译倒也不是特别难。
汉语写作与百科知识：一、名词解释尼罗河战略伙伴关系四大菩萨十字军中亚五国日心说元素周期律丝绸之路经济带金字塔APEC金砖四国九大行星三省六部的“六部”《牡丹亭》东盟IS〔就是伊斯兰国〕南北战争二十八宿《俄狄浦斯王》三一律“新寓言”派《菊与刀》北约苏辛《说文解字》二、应用文写作应用文是根据自己经历的某件事写一则消息，是新闻体裁的一种三、大作文大作文给一段材料，写一个人从火车上丢了一个鞋子，然后马上扔了另一个，说这只鞋留着也没用，有人捡到没准还能穿。
然后以“让失去变的可爱”为题写一篇作文。
本文系统介绍北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研难度，北京外国语大学翻译硕士就业，北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研辅导，北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研参考书，北京外国语大学翻译硕士专业课五大方面的问题，凯程北京外国语大学翻译硕士老师给大家详细讲解。
特别申明，以下信息绝对准确，凯程就是王牌的北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研机构！五、北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研初试参考书是什么北京外国语大学翻译硕士参考书很多人都不清楚，这里凯程北京外国语大学翻译硕士王牌老师给大家整理出来了，以供参考：英语方向:1、Bassnett,Susan.《翻译研究》Translation Studies,外教社,2004.2、Gentzler,Edwin.《当代翻译理论〔第二版修订本〕》Contemporary Translation Theories,外教社,2004.3、马会娟、苗菊编.《当代西方翻译理论选读》,外语教学与研究出版社,2009年。
翻译硕士(mti)考试中六点英汉差异指导 (1)
年翻译硕士（MTI）考试中六点英汉差异指导下面，英语考研辅导专家们就为广大的年考研同学们总结一下英语和汉语的几个重大的差别,希望同学们多家体会和注意，减少对考研英语翻译的恐惧心理，从而提高翻译能力和水平。
1 英语形合，汉语意合2 英语多长句，汉语多短句3 英语多被动，汉语多主动4 英语多替代，汉语多重复5 英语重省略，汉语重补充6 英语重心在前,汉语重心在后一、形合和意合不同的语言中句子内部或外部连接几乎都使用句法、词汇、词义这三种手段。
用前两种手段连接称为形合，用后一种手段连接称为意合。
就英语和汉语来说，英语是强调形式上紧密结合，汉语是强调意义上结合紧密。
具体来讲，英语的句子是通过一整套完整系统的语法结构和连接词将单词和词组组合在一起，强调结构上正确，逻辑上严密，思维上严谨。
而汉语则不然，就是说一个汉语句子的分句与分句之间，或是短语与短语之间，在意思上有联系，但很少用关联词。
使用每一个分句或是短语的意思组合成一个完整的句子的。
大家在从高中考大学的时候也一定做过语文中有一种题让我们根据意思来为一篇文言文断句，那么断句的基础是什么呢?是不是通过每个文字的意思以及整个文章的意思来断句的，那么就是说汉语是通过意义来紧密结合起来的，表面上可以看起来是一些毫不相干的汉子，但是组合在一起却意义深刻。
比如我们看下面这个句子。
这个句子是美国林肯总统《盖茨堡演讲》结尾的一句。
We here highly resolve that these dead should not die in vain-that this nation, under god, shall have new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the world. (参考译文：我们在此立志誓愿，不能让他们白白死去--要使这个国家在上帝庇佑之下，得到新生的自由--要使那民有、民治、民享的政府不致从地球上消失。
2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题,真题解析,考研参考书,考研经验,考研笔记、参考书
初试注意五大要点：
1，要有一个安静的环境。不论在学校还是自己的家里什么的，要尽量给自己一个安静的环境。就这 么一次尝试，要珍惜这次机会。 2，心态要宁静。谈恋爱的，互相鼓励最好，生气闹别扭要不得。一气好几天都浪费过去了。和同学 老师家长都要和和气气的。一来考研就是你自己的事情，对别人不是什么天大的事情，别要求大家都 那么担待你。二来自己也要清楚，考研的事情，心浮气躁无益于事，你急不急，它都在那里，每天都 收获知识就行，别把自己所学的都暗暗换算成分数。 3，学习中回顾复习的功课要做到家。这可以说是最重要的一条啦。我们做过多少笔记，曾经有接触 过多少新的知识，但是很多重要的东西因为我们不去时常翻阅被遗忘了。复习不浪费时间，是在为我 们争取时间。涉猎众多，最后留下的才是自己的啊。大家都明白的。所以克服我们那种奇怪的心理， 回头去看看自己以前的笔记吧。 4，在北方，考研学习的最好时间就是初夏啦，4、5、6 月，天气不冷不热的，教室里的温度刚刚好， 最适合刻苦学习，所以一定要珍惜这段时间。到了冬天供暖未来之前，天气那么冷，大家去教室学习 的一定要穿厚点。不要怕丑，都要往厚里穿才行。 5，最后再说说初试以前用不用看文学的书。我的意见是要看的。以我个人为例，5、6、7、8 月份我 基本就是看了看文学和法语。英美的小说，中文的英文的能找到买到的我都看了一遍，有的喜欢的就 老是看。英美诗歌就放在床边翻看。这就是为了自己别对文学太生疏，也是调剂下心情。
英语翻译基础考研大纲
一． 考试目的
《英语翻译基础》是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考 试科目，其目的是考察考生的英汉互译实践能力是否达到进入 MTI 学习阶段的 水平。
二、考试性质及范围： 本考试是测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的尺度参照性水平考试。考试的范
2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题答案及复习攻略
we read ours. 句义：阅读为我们提供了各种知识，思考让我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。 答案：D 考点：词义辨析 分析：
A. rectifies B. prolongs C. minimizes D. furnishes
矫正 延长 最小化 提供，供给
22. If the fire alarm is counted, all residents are requested to assemble in the courtyard. 句义：火警警报响起时，所有市民都要在院子里集合。 答案：A 考点：词义辨析 分析：
答案：D 考点：词义辨析
分析：
A. commend
表扬，称赞
B. memorize
记住，熟记
C. propagate
传播，宣传
D. commemorate
纪念，庆祝
07. Please do not be irritated by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract
才思教育考研考博全心全意
对外经济贸易大学 2010 年 MTI 硕士入学考试
基础英语·答案详解
Part 1: Grammar and Vocabulary.
01. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot
14. The members of Parliament were indignant that the government had not consulted them. 句义：议员对政府没有和他们协商感到很愤怒。 答案：D 考点：词义辨析 分析：
2011年浙江师范大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题答案解析
11. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex
institution than any other kind of higher education establishment . 句义：能称得上大学的机构，是比其他类型的高等教育机构更复杂、更综合的机构。 答案：B 考点：词义辨析 分析：
more of 在这里意为“更大程 度上；更多地是……”，后 面一般跟 than，也可以省略 than 的部分
A. much more businessman B. more of a businessman C. more of businessman D. more a businessman
19. That was not the first time he had betrayed us. I think it’s high time we took strong actions
A. Concerning B. As to C. In terms of D. In the light of
关于 关于 从……方面来说 鉴于，由于
10. It is a point of honor with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really
脆的，整洁的 （玻璃灯）易碎的 微妙的，纤弱的
D. fragile
易碎的，脆弱的
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才思教育考研考博全心全意
2015年武汉大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析
2015年武汉大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析(1/40)Vocabulary第1题His natural______ saved him from being spoilt by fame and success.A.honestyB.simplicityC.modestyD.morality下一题(2/40)Vocabulary第2题Patriotism was the army captain´s______when he spoke at our school assembly.A.themeB.theoremC.thesisD.theory上一题下一题(3/40)Vocabulary第3题A modern ship has its______in the hollowed log used by primitive peoples.A.protonB.patternC.predecessorD.prototype上一题下一题(4/40)Vocabulary第4题You should______the wheels of your bicycle to reduce the friction.belB.illustrateC.lubricateD.manipulate上一题下一题(5/40)Vocabulary第5题A person ought to conform the______of behaviour.A.patternsB.modelsC.modesD.norms上一题下一题(6/40)Vocabulary第6题Travel can be an excellent______to one´s education.plementpletionponentpetitor上一题下一题(7/40)Vocabulary第7题The______to the contract must be signed by two witnesses.A.assignmentB.attachmentC.assessmentD.alignment上一题下一题(8/40)Vocabulary第8题He accepted______for the damage done to the car.A.libertyB.liabilityC.licenseD.likelihood上一题下一题(9/40)Vocabulary第9题If the main power line fails, the hospital will use its______generator.A.residualB.subordinateC.obedientD.auxiliary上一题下一题(10/40)Vocabulary第10题The big searchlight______a spot a mile away.A.ignitesB.stimulatesC.illuminatesD.illustrates上一题下一题(11/40)Vocabulary第11题His newly published novel enjoys great______.A.attentionB.likelihoodC.popularityD.controversy上一题下一题(12/40)Vocabulary第12题The young mother looked at her sleeping baby with a(an)______smile.A.elegantB.earnestC.radiantD.radical上一题下一题(13/40)Vocabulary第13题Always tell your neighbours when you are going, as a______against burglary.A.safeguardB.hindranceC.sacrificeD.violation上一题下一题(14/40)Vocabulary第14题The plate dropped on the floor and______into little pieces.A.smashedB.crashedC.crackedD.crushed上一题下一题(15/40)Vocabulary第15题Having rooms in which to study will not______, we must also have the time to use them.A.sufficeB.satisfyC.quantifyD.rejoice上一题下一题(16/40)Vocabulary第16题Their______fault was a failure to recognize all the factors involved.A.infiniteB.inherentC.potentialD.sole上一题下一题(17/40)Vocabulary第17题Marilyn came back from her vacation with______arms and face.A.tanB.tameC.blackenedD.freshened上一题下一题(18/40)Vocabulary第18题The wagon trains had to______Indian territory to reach California.A.transferB.transverseC.traverseD.transport上一题下一题(19/40)Vocabulary第19题The propeller began to______, and the small plane started down the runway.A.rollB.whirlC.ventilateD.roar上一题下一题(20/40)Vocabulary第20题The government´s recent statement of the unemployment does not______with the facts.A.accordB.conformmenceD.consent上一题下一题(21/40)Vocabulary第21题They planned to______in the middle of the night, when the guards were asleep.A.go offB.run outC.break offD.break out上一题下一题(22/40)Vocabulary第22题It´s pretty windy. You´d better______your hat.A.add up toB.lend itself toC.hold on toD.stand up to上一题下一题(23/40)Vocabulary第23题She´s playing so well this year that people expect her to______all the big prizes again.A.carry onB.carry offC.carry outD.take off上一题下一题(24/40)Vocabulary第24题When he arrived, he found______the aged and the sick at home.A.nothing butB.none other thanC.none butD.no other than上一题下一题(25/40)Vocabulary第25题As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think______.A.have to be saidB.must sayC.ought to be saidD.need to say上一题下一题(26/40)Vocabulary第26题______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things to be equalB.Were other things equalC.To be equal to other thingsD.Other things being equal上一题下一题(27/40)Vocabulary第27题I am sure he is up to the job______he would give his mind to it.A.in caseB.untilC.if onlyD.unless上一题下一题(28/40)Vocabulary第28题If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ______would be getting sick.A.a lot of more usB.a lot more of usC.more a lot of usD.a lot of us more上一题下一题(29/40)Vocabulary第29题Our modern civilization must not be thought of as______in a short period of time.A.being createdB.to have been createdC.having been createdD.to be created上一题下一题(30/40)Vocabulary第30题Most of the people who______two world wars are strongly against arms race.A.have lived outB.have lived throughC.have lived onD.have lived with上一题下一题(31/40)Vocabulary第31题An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately______from Marathon to Athens.A.distanceB.is the distanceC.the distanceD.the distance is上一题下一题(32/40)Vocabulary第32题Scientists say it may be five or ten years______it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when上一题下一题(33/40)Vocabulary第33题I walked too much yesterday and ______are still aching now.A.my leg´s musclesB.my muscles of legC.my leg musclesD.my muscles of the leg上一题下一题(34/40)Vocabulary第34题Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection______to the nation.A.has leftB.is to leaveC.leavesD.is to be left上一题下一题(35/40)Vocabulary第35题Jean doesn´t want to work right away because she thinks that if she______a job she probably wouldn´t be able to see her friends very often.A.has to getB.were to getC.had gotD.could have got上一题下一题(36/40)Vocabulary第36题The world´s supplies of copper______.A.have been gradually being exhaustedB.has gradually exhaustedC.are gradually exhaustedD.are being gradually exhausted上一题下一题(37/40)Vocabulary第37题Hitler______in his room.mitted suicideB.got committed suicideC.was committed suicideD.was suicide上一题下一题(38/40)Vocabulary第38题Bill got up and made a motion that the meeting______.A.be adjournedB.should cancelC.be going to cancelD.is to adjourn上一题下一题(39/40)Vocabulary第39题It is no good______persuade me.A.for you to try toB.trying toC.of you toD.of you to try to上一题下一题(40/40)Vocabulary第40题The main trouble is______enough knowledge.A.their not havingB.them not havingC.theirs not havingD.for them to not have上一题下一题(41~50/共30题)Reading ComprehensionProofreadingBefore 1973, abortion was illegal in America unless thewoman´s health was threatened. In March of 1970, Jame Roe, asingle woman, instituted this federal action against the District attorney of the county. The original idea was that women who truly didnot want a baby should not have to have it. __41__Since pregnancy may be a blessed act when planned or wanted, __42__ forced pregnancy, like any forced bodily invasion, is anathema to American values and traditions. As legalized abortion has become an everyday part of American life, a different side to it has emerged out. __43__ Where women once were aborting because they did not want a child, the reasons being given now were becoming very different. __44__ Abortion has turned into something that women are being coerced from boyfriends/husbands unwilling to be fathers, out of fear __45__of the financial pressure, out of panic from losing their jobs, out ofpanic from having to quit the school, or becoming homeless, or out__46__ of fear of their parents kicking them out into the street.Abortion for these reasons can lead to problems which developwhen a woman is unable to get round her emotional responses resul- __47__ ting from the trauma of an abortion. There are women who abort anddo so completely of her own free will. These women have no regrets, __48__ no remorse, but are happy they had this choice available. But __49__a growing number of women are speaking up about how abortioneffected them adversely. __50__第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题第46题第47题第48题第49题第50题上一题下一题(51~55/共30题)Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionIn developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, militate towards a narrowing of the range of perception and in the lessening of the objectivity of perception.Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence of events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal directed behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goals, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated.In the primitive being, goal-directed behavior can be very simply motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cessation of that action. Studies have shown no evidence of the infant´s frustration; rather, it appears that the infant ceases to desire the object when he cannot see it. Further indications are that the infant´s attention to the attractive object increases as a result of its not being in his grasp. In fact, if he holds a toy and another is presented, he is likely to drop the first in order to clutch the second. Often, once he has the one desired in his hands, he loses attention and turns to something else.In adult life, mere cognition can be similarly motivational, although the visible presence of the opportunity is not required as the instigator of response. The mature adult modifies his reaction by obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He formulates a hypothesis and attempts to test it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all factors, and differentiates among them. Just as the trained artist can separate the values of colour, composition, and technique , while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths to bear in appraising a situation.Understanding that cognition is separate from action, his reactions are only minimally guided from conditioning, and take into consideration anticipatable events.The impact of the socialization process, particularly which of parental and social group ideology , may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the overriding influence.The evolutionary process of development from body schema through to cognitive learning is similarly manifested in the process of language acquisition. Auditing and speaking develop first, reading and writing much later on. Not only is this evident in the development of the individualhuman being from infancy on, but also in the development of language for humankind.Every normal infant has the physiological equipment necessary to produce sound, but the child must first master their use for sucking, biting, and chewing before he can control his equipment for use in producing the sounds of language. The babble and chatter of the infant are precursors to intelligible vocal communication.From the earliest times, it is clear that language and human thought have been intimately connected. Sending or receiving messages, from primitive warnings of danger to explaining creative or reflective thinking, this aspect of cognitive development is also firmly linked to the needs and aspirations of society.第51题It can be inferred from this passage that the author would support the attitude towards art appreciation that______.A.a work of art should not be analyzedB.analysis of a work of art makes for greater understanding of itC.understanding the life of the artist helps us to understand his workD.all mature people can understand art equally well第52题The statement which is neither implied nor stated in this passage is______.A.The child is concerned only with his own bodyB.The child learns to act in a way that will serve his desiresC.The infant´s attention can be distracted from an object by simply concealing itD.The infant finds it difficult to focus attention on more than one object at a time第53题It may be inferred from the passage that the effects of society on learning may be______.A.to enhance the individual´s motivation to learn as quickly as possibleB.too deter learning by reason of anxiety about possible conflict with ideologyC.to bring man´s knowledge within the scope of allD.to keep all learning at the same stage of development第54题The passage implies that______.A.speech is acquired through direct teachingB.the infant should be taught not to babbleC.infants who do not chatter will never learn to speakD.infants are born with the ability to speak but the ability to do so depends upon development of physical functions through non-verbal activities第55题It would appear from the passage that it would be useful for the parent of the newborn to______.A.give the infant what he needs before he criesB.teach the infant how to speak as quickly as possibleC.model speech sounds and encourage the infant to produce themD.refuse the infant´s demands until he makes them clear上一题下一题(56~60/共30题)Reading ComprehensionIn a reaction against a too-rigid, overrefined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have swung sharply to an espousal of "life experience" as the sole source of learning. Using their narrow interpretation of John Dewey´s theories as a base for support, they conclude that only through "doing" can learning take place. Spouting such phrases as, "Teach the child, not the subject. " they demand, without sensing its absurdity, and end to rigorous study as a means of opening the way to learning. While not all adherents to this approach would totally eliminate a study of great books, the influence of this philosophy has been felt in the public school curricula, as evidenced by the gradual subordination of great literature.What is the purpose of literature? Why read, if life alone is to be our teacher? James Joyce states that the artist reveals the human situation by recreating life out of life; Aristotle that art presents universal truths because its form is taken from nature. Thus, consciously or otherwise, the great writer reveals the human situation most tellingly, extending our understanding of ourselves and our world.We can soar with the writer to the heights of man´s aspirations, or plummet with him to tragic despair. The works of Steinbeck, Anderson, and Salinger; the poetry of Whitman, Sandburg, and Frost; the plays of Ibsen, Miller, and O´Neil: all present starkly realistic portrayals of life´s problems. Reality? Yes! But how much wider is the understanding we gain than that attained by viewing life through the keyhole of our single existence.Can we measure the richness gained by the young reader venturing down the Mississippi with Tom and Huck, or cheering Ivanhoe as he battles the Black Knight; the deepening understanding of the mature reader of the tragic South of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams, of the awesome determination-and frailty-of Patrick White´s Australian pioneers?This function of literature, the enlarging of our own life sphere, is of itself of major importance. Additionally, however, it has been suggested that solutions of social problems may be suggested in the study of literature. The overweening ambitions of political leaders-and their sneering contempt for the law-did not appear for the first time in the writings of Bernstein and Woodward; the problems, and the consequent actions, of the guilt-ridden did not await the appearance of the bearded psychoanalyst of the twentieth century.Federal Judge Learned Hand has written, " I venture to believe that it is as important to a judge called upon to pass on a question of constitutional law, to have at least a bowing acquaintance with Thucydides, Gibbon, and Carlyle, with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton, with Montaigne and Rabelais, with Plato, Bacon, Hume, and Kant, as with the books which have been specifically written on the subject. For in such matters everything turns upon the spirit in which he approaches the questions before him. "But what of our dissenters? Can we overcome the disapproval of their " life experience classroom" theory of learning? We must start with the field of agreement-that education should serve to improve the individual and society. We must educate them to the understanding that the voice of human experience should stretch our human faculties, and opens us to learning. We must convince them-in their own personal language perhaps-of the " togetherness" of life and art; we must prove to them that far from being separate, literature is that part of life which illumines life.第56题According to the passage, the end goal of great literature is______.A.the recounting of dramatic and exciting stories, and the creation of charactersB.to create anew a synthesis of life that illumines the human conditionC.the teaching of morality and ethical behaviorD.to write about tragedy and despair第57题In the author´s opinion, as seen in this passage one outcome of the influence of the " life experience" adherents has been______.A.the gradual subordination of the study of great literature in the schoolsB.a narrowed interpretation of the theories of John DeweyC.a sharp swing over to "learning through doing"D.an end to rigorous study as a way of learning第58题As the author sees it, one of the most important gains from the study of great literature is______.A.enrichment of our understanding of the pastB.broadening of our approaches to social problemsC.that it gives us a bowing acquaintance with great figures of the pastD.that it provides us with vicarious experiences which provide a much broader experience than we can get from experiences of simply our own lives alone第59题The author´s purpose in this passage is to______.A.list those writers who make up the back bone of a great literature curriculumpare the young reader´s experience with literature to that of the mature readerC.advocate the adoption of the "life experience" approach to teachingD.plead for the retention of great literature as a fundamental part of the curriculum第60题The author´s reason for quoting Judge Hand is to______.A.call attention to the writing of Thucydides and CarlyleB.support the thesis of the author that literature broadens our understanding and stretches our facultiesC.point out that constitutional law is a part of the great literature of our pastD.show that everyone, including judges, enjoys reading上一题下一题(61~65/共30题)Reading ComprehensionIt has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics, there was no truly adequate formulation of the relationship of time to the other forces in the universe, even though some empirical equations included time quantities. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the other dimensions, as they are called, of space. The primary problem arises in relation to things which might be going faster than the speed of light, or have other strange properties.Examination of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed the speed of light it would have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backwards in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is the apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly thespeed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump-which seems highly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances-then the other side may be achievable.The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative , although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured.There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have led some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the trans-light properties we have just discussed.The difficulties of imagining and coping with these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book Sound and Symbol, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships found in quantum mechanics through the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given time a special relationship to other factors or parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear-either by common experience or sophisticated scientific understanding-to be the same sort of dimension or parameter as physical dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal.One approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass-that is to say, by the interaction of different forms of energy, if you wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field effect. This is not at variance with Einstein´s theories, since the "faster" a given mass moves the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seems, consonant with this concept.第61题The "sound" of Professor Zuckerkandl´s book title probably refers to ______.A.the music of the spheresB.music in the abstractC.musical notationD.the seemingly musical sounds produced by tachyons第62题The passage supports the inference that______.A.Einstein´s theory of relativity is wrongB.the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas contradict Einstein´s theoriesC.time travel is clearly possibleD.it is impossible to travel at precisely the speed of light第63题The tone of the passage is______.A.critical but hopefulB.hopeful but suspiciousC.suspicious but speculativeD.speculative but hopeful第64题The central idea of the passage can be best described as being which of the following?A.Anomalies in theoretical physics notation permit intriguing hypotheses and indicate the need for refined notation of the time dimension.B.New observations require the development of new theories and new methods of describing the new theories.C.Einsteinian physics can be much improved on in its treatment of tachyons.D.Zuckerkandl´s theories of tachyon formation are preferable to Einstein´s.第65题According to the author, it is too soon to______.A.call Beethoven a physicistB.adopt proposals such as Zuckerkandl´sC.plan for time travelD.study particle chambers for tachyon traces上一题下一题(66~70/共30题)Reading ComprehensionTwice as many girls as boys are being born in some Arctic villages because of high levels of man-made chemicals in the blood of pregnant women, according to scientists from the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(Amap).The scientists, who say the findings could explain the recent excess of girl babies across much of the northern hemisphere, are widening their investigation across the most acutely affected communities in Russia, Greenland and Canada to try to discover the size of the imbalance in Inuit communities of the far north.In the communities of Greenland and eastern Russia monitored so far, the ratio was found to be two girls to one boy. In one village in Greenland only girls have been born.The scientists measured the man-made chemicals in women´s blood that mimic human hormones and concluded that they were capable of triggering changes in the sex of unborn children in the first three weeks of gestation. The chemicals are carried in the mother´s bloodstream through the placenta to the foetus, switching hormones to create girl children.Lars-Otto Reierson, executive secretary for Amap, said: " We knew that the levels of man-made chemicals were accumulating in the food chain, and that seals, whales and particularly polar bears were getting a dose a million times higher than that existing in plankton, and that this could be toxic to humans who ate these higher animals. What was shocking was that they were also able to change the sex of children before birth.The sex balance of the human race-historically a slight excess of boys over girls-has recently begun to change. A paper published in the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences earlier this year said that in Japan and the US there were 250,000 boys fewer than would have been expected had the sex ratio existing in 1970 remained unchanged. The paper was unable to pin down a cause for the new excess of girls over boys.The Arctic scientists have discovered that many of the babies born in Russia are premature and the boys are far smaller than girls. Possible links between the pollutants and high infantmortality in the first year of life is also being investigated.Scientists believe a number of man-made chemicals used in electrical equipment from generators, televisions and computers that mimic human hormones are implicated. They are carried by winds and rivers to the Arctic where they accumulate in the food chain and in the bloodstreams of the largely meat-and fish-eating Inuit communities.The first results of the survey were disclosed at a symposium of religious, scientific and environmental leaders in Greenland´s capital, Nuuk, yesterday, organized by the Patriarch of the Orthodox Church, Bartholomew I, which is looking at the effects of environmental pollution on the Arctic.Dr Reierson said the accumulation of DDT, PCBs, flame-retardants and other endocrine disrupters has been known for some time and young women had been advised to avoid eating some Arctic animals to avoid excess contamination and possible damage to their unborn children. Dr Reierson said blood samples from pregnant women were subsequently matched with the sex of their baby. Women with elevated levels of PCBs in their blood above two to four micrograms per litre and upwards were checked in three northern peninsula´s in Russia´s far east-the Kola, Taimyr and Chukotka-plus the Pechora River Basin.To check the results the survey was widened and further communities, including those on Commodore Island, were investigated. The results were now in for 480 families and the ratio remained the same.He said full results for the widening of the survey would not be published until next year but preliminary results for Greenland showed the same 2:1 ratio in the north.Aqqaluk Lynge, the former chairman of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference who hails from Greenland, said: "This is a disaster, especially for some 1 ,500 people who make up the Inuit nations in the far north east of Russia." Here in the north of Greenland, in the villages near the Thule American base, only girl babies are being born to Inuit families." The problem is acute in the north and east of Greenland where people still have the traditional diet."This has become a critical question of people´s survival but few governments want to talk a-bout the problem of hormone mimickers because it means thinking about the chemicals you use. "I think they need to be tested much more stringendy before they are allowed on the market. "第66题Why are their more girls than boys born in some Arctic villages?____第67题How did man-made chemicals in women´s blood affect the sex of the unborn children?____第68题What is the case in Japan and the US had the sex ratio existing in 1970 remained unchanged?____第69题How did scientists believe that a number of man-made chemicals used in electrical equipment get to the Arctic?____第70题When is the full result for the widening of the survey expected to be published?____。
翻译硕士(MTI)英语翻译基础(汉译英)模拟试卷三
英语翻译基础（汉译英）模拟试卷三1.中国将坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，继续加强同发展中国家的团结合作，同它们一道维护发展中国家正当合理的权益。
同时，我们要进一步致力于稳定周边、巩固睦邻友好。
我们还将不断地充实与各个大国已经建立或正在建立的未来关系框架的内涵。
我们将更积极地参与国际事务和各种多边外交活动，坚决反对霸权主义、强权政治，推动在世界上建立公平合理、平等互利的国际政治、经济新秩序。
标准答案China will unswervingly observe the independent and peaceful foreign policy. It will continue to reinforce its solidarity and cooperation with the developing countries in the world and, together with them, to safeguard the just and reasonable rights of the developing countries. At the same time, we will be further committed to stabilizing our peripheral areas and to consolidating the harmonious friendship with our neighboring countries. We will also make continued efforts to enrich the implications of the framework of the future relations that have been established or that are being established with all the major countries of the world. We will take more positive steps to participate in international affairs and in various kinds of multilateral diplomatic activities. China will remain firm in its opposition to hegemonism, power politics and will endeavor to promote the establishment of a new international political and economic order that is fair, reasonable, equal and reciprocally beneficial.2.当今世界正处在历史性大变动之中。
翻译硕士(MTI)英语翻译基础真题
关于凯程：
凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直致力于高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought,sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, a turning of the emotions, achange in the climate of the personality.
This is a prevalent misconception in many people'sminds---that love, like merchandise, can be“stolen”。Numerous states, in fact,have enacted laws allowing damages for“alienation of affections”。
MTI资料大全
翻译硕士（MTI）英语翻译基础备考必看——长句翻译（一）1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
2011年青岛大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题答案解析
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句义：她明确回绝了让她参加听证会的请求。
答案：D
考点：词义辨析
分析：
A. eloquent B. effective
雄辩的 有效的
C. emotional
分析：
A. sunk B. reduced C. forced D. declined
下沉 be reduced to doing sth 不得不做某事 be forced to do 被迫做某事 下降
12. You must insist that students give a truthful answer consistent with the reality of their world. 句义：你必须要求学生给出与现实一致的真实答案。 答案：C 考点：词义辨析
答案：B
考点：词义辨析
分析：
A. eradication B. exclusion
根除 to the exclusion of 排斥
C. extension
the extension of 延长
D. inclusion
包含物
18. She answered with an emphatic “No” to the request that she attend the public hearing.
05. My cousin likes eating very much, but he isn’t very particular about the food he eats. 句义：我表弟很喜欢吃东西，但他对吃什么并不讲究。
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科目：英语翻译基础
Part one. Translate following terms.
1.eight-legged essay 16. 国际原子能组织
2.Chinese New Year’s Eve 17. 全球定位系统
3.Confucius Institute 18. 公共管理硕士
4.temple title 19. 中心商务区
5. social security system 20. 欧洲共同体
6. the Scientific Outlook on Development 21. 相声
7. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 22. 千年虫
8. get ill by the mouth 23. 生产资料
9. ICU 24. 党纲
10. state-owned enterprises 25. 国会大厦
11. acupuncture and moxibustion 26. 扶贫基金
12. golden week 27.零和博弈
13. heat island effect 28. 行话
14 four treasures of study 29. 美联社
15. Korean Penisula 30. 熊市
Part two. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese
中国有句名言，“上有天堂，下有苏杭”。
这话很吸引人，不过这两个人间天堂，苏州和杭州是否真能位居其一，只有实地查看查看了。
苏州海拔仅四米，水之风韵，融入苏州水乡古镇的将官，也见于作为世界文化遗产的苏州静谧的古典园林。
这一点，一到此地就能领略。
步行十分钟，从火车站到我落脚的临河旅馆，一路只见运河水道纵横交错。
苏州靠近长江入海口，洪涝多发，因此建运河沟渠无数，以稳定这一长江三角洲地带。
这个地区的其他几个城镇也跟着这么做，这就形成了中国的水乡区域。
除了有数不清的湖泊，35公里的河流，168座桥外，大运河也是这一地区重要的景点。
它从北京到杭州，由北向南开了一个通道，给苏州带来巨大的贸易商源。
苏州有不少小街，花上几分钟，走上几条看了看，我便找到苏州被誉为“东方威尼斯”的原因了。
且无论散布城内许多别致如画的石拱桥，苏州和威尼斯一样，也曾是个商贸大港，向外提供中国这个“高产之地”的物品。
短暂的游览期间，我看见许多小船在这些河流中来来往往，把货物运往全城的每个地方。
苏州还是中国的丝绸之都。
在古代，丝绸可能是顺着这条大运河运到北京，最终又沿着丝绸之路一直远运罗马等地。
这些丝绸正是从这儿发出的。
时至今日，苏州丝绸出口仍占全国百分之三十。
气候温和，土地肥沃，物产丰富，无怪乎苏州被称为“人间天堂”了。
Part three. Translate the following passage from Chinese into English
In the twenty years since the reform was initiated, the living standard of the people registered a remarkable elevation. As a result, we saw the gap widen of the inhabitant’s income but at the same time we saw the majority of the people improve their life, which will offset the displeasure at the widening income disparity. The rise in living standards is an important guarantee for social stability and this meanwhile places a heavy load on our shoulders requiring us to work hard for China’s reform and development.. That is to say, we must maintain a relatively high rate of economic growth. On the contrary, research in society also shows that a fall in its social status
almost always alienates that social group and nursed in them displeasure against the leading system of the society. Taking this into consideration we should show more care and concern for the socially disadvantaged groups when it comes to setting up social security systems, for such people as the unemployed workers and staff, the inhabitants in need due to natural calamities and human errors and the farmers whose living standards are on the downhill slide. We must try our best to offset the adverse effect caused by the fall in social status of these groups through channels such as social security, social benefits and relief efforts.。