9月高级口译阅读第一篇原文(昂立)
20XX.9高级口译笔试阅读原题出处-口译笔译考试.doc
2011.9高级口译笔试阅读原题出处-口译笔译考试2011年9月中高级口译考试已经结束,下面为2011.9高级口译笔试阅读原题出处Why Europe no longer matters欧洲为何不再举足轻重When Defense Secretary Robert Gates devoted his final policy speech this month to berating NATO and our European allies, he was engaging in a time-honored tradition: Americans have worried about Europeans shirking their share of global burdens since the start of the 60-year-old alliance.美国国防部长罗伯特·盖茨本月在最后一次发表政策讲话时痛批北约和我们的欧洲盟友,他这是在追随一个由来已久的传统:自从北约这个联盟60 年前成立以来,美国人就一直担心欧洲推卸其所承担的那份全球重任。
Gates sounded a pessimistic note, warning of “the real possibility for a dim if not dismal future for the transatlantic alliance.”Yet, the outgoing Pentagon chief may not have been pessimistic enough. The U.S.-European partnership that proved socentral to managing and winning the Cold War will inevitably play a far diminished role in the years to come. To some extent, we’re already there: If NATO didn’t exist today, would anyone feel compelled to create it? The honest, if awkward, answer is no.盖茨语气悲观,警告"这个跨大西洋联盟存在着前景不说凄惨至少也是黯淡的切实可能" 。
英语高级口译真题+答案
9月英语高级口译真题+答案(1)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________ (1)that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the ___________ (2)of play here.Play can stimulate you ___________ (3). It can go against all the rules, and change the same ___________ (4). Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ___________ (5)changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a ___________ (6)way of life, pull out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ (7)and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___________ (8).Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ (9)each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ___________ (10). Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________ (11). Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ (12)rise!Play is known ___________ (13). Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ (14).With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ (15)will be in muchbetter shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose ___________ (16)as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ (17)to our daily living.Play can ___________ (18), curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ‘hands-on’ and ‘minds-on’ learning pr ocess. It produces a deeper, ___________ (19)of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out ___________ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A)in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old.(B)In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C)All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D)Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2. (A)Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B)Whether it is feasible to establish a villag e for the “oldest old” people.(C)What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia.(D)What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old.3. (A)Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics.(B)Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss.(C)The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics.(D)Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics.4. (A)The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B)The centenarians basically eat something different.(C)The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D)The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day.5. (A)Work hard.(B)Stay busy.(C)Stick to a balanced diet.(D)Always find something to laugh about.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A)Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century.(B)Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C)Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D)The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050.7. (A)Taking bribes.(B)Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C)Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D)Offering cash for political favors.8. (A)The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety.(B)The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C)All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D)The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9. (A)6 to 7.(B)8 to 10.(C)11 to 16.(D)17 to 25.10. (A)Curbing high-level corruption.(B)Fighting organized crime.(C)Investigating convictions of criminals.(D)Surveying the threats to national security.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A)A wine taster.(B)A master water taster.(C)The host of the show.(D)The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12. (A)Berkeley Springs.(B)Santa Barbara.13. (A)Being saucy and piquant.(B)Tasting sweet.(C)A certain amount of minerals.(D)An absence of taste.14. (A)Looking-smelling-tasting.(B)Tasting-smelling-looking.(C)Smelling-looking-tasting.(D)Tasting-looking-smelling.15. (A)Bathing.(B)Boiling pasta in.(C)Swimming.(D)Making tea.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A)Enhance reading and math skills.(B)Increase the students’ appreciation of nature.(C)Improve math, but not reading skills.(D)Develop reading, but not math skills.17. (A)To help the students appreciate the arts.(B)To make the students’ education more well-rounded. (C)To investigate the impact of arts training.(D)To enhance the students’ math skills.18. (A)Once weekly.(D)Twice a month.19. (A)Six months.(B)Seven months.(C)Eight months.(D)Nine months.20. (A)The children’s attitude.(B)The children’s test scores.(C)Both th e children’s attitude and test scores.(D)Both the teachers’ and the children’s attitude.。
2009年9月高级口译真题(完整版)
2009年9月高级口译真题(完整版)SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Part A: Spot DictationFor more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country's progress. They have educated the technical, _______ (1) work force and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Today, educators from around the country are apt to find many reasons for the _______ (2). But four historic acts stand out as watersheds:First, _______ (3): In 1862, Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans, including _______ (4). Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of federal land, and use the proceeds to endow at least _______ (5).Second, competition breeds success. Over the years, the _______ (6) of the America’s colleges and universities have promoted _______ (7). Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War when President Lincoln created _______ (8) to advise Congress on any subject of science and art. The Academy's impact really grew after World WarⅡwhen a landmark report _______ (9) the then president argued that it was the federal government’s responsibility to _______ (10) for basic research. Instead of being centralized in government laboratories,_______ (11) in American universities and generated increasing investment. It also _______ (12) and helped spread scientific discoveries far and wide, _______ (13), medicine and society as a whole. Thirdly, _______ (14): The end of World War Ⅱsaw the passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided for a college or vocational education_______ (15), made the higher-education system accessible in ways that _______ (16), opening the doors of best universities to men and women who had _______ (17).Finally, promoting diversity: The creation of federal______(18) as well as outright grants for college students brought much needed diversity to higher education and further_______ (19). Since its founding in 1965, the Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans worth _______ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) She’s just a city girl and is used to the fast pace of the city.(B) She doesn’t have to drive everywhere to buy things.(C) She likes to garden and putter around in the house she bought.(D) She can go to a whole variety of places to interact with people.2. (A) Going to the country for a vacation makes no sense at all.(B) Renting a vacation house in the country is cheap.(C) People can enjoy the fresh air in the country.(D) People can relax better in the country than in the city.3. (A) The convenient transportation.(B) The interactive social life.(C) The whole car culture.(D) The nice neighborhood.4. (A) You may have fun making barbecues in the garden.(B) You won’t feel stuck and labeled as you do in the city.(C) It’s more tolerable than living in the city.(D) It’s more hateful than living in the country.5. (A) Quite lonely.(B) Very safe.(C) Not very convenient.(D) Not particularly dangerous.6. (A) Because they might harm the poor people.(B) Because their drawbacks outweigh benefits.(C) Because they counterbalance other environmental policies.7. (A) German business confidence index has risen as much as expected recently.(B) The outlook for manufacturing is worsening in foreseeable future.(C) Global economic recession will sap demand for German exports next year.(D) German business situation is expected to get better in the next few months.8. (A) The proposal can cut greenhouse gas emissions from cars to a very low level.(B) This action is obviously going to change global temperatures in the long run.(C) The reduction in gas emissions is insignificant for addressing global warming.(D) The proposal represents a big step in solving the problem of global warming.9. (A) $ 60.5 a barrel.(B) $ 61 a barrel.(C) $ 61.32 a barrel.(D) $ 61.67 a barrel.10. (A) 92.(B) 250.(C) 1,500.(D) 2,500.11. (A) Microsoft.(B) Coca Cola.(C) IBM.(D) Nokia.12. (A) Amounts of revenue underlying the brands.(B) Strong franchise with consumers.(C) Whether or not the brand is a product of a tech company.(D) The degree of resonance consumers have with a brand proposition.13. (A) Because it is monopolistic.(B) Because it is competitive.(C) Because it takes its brand through generations.(D) Because its products fetch high prices.14. (A) The functionality of its product.(B) The emotional appeal of its product.(C) Its basic product being so different.(D) Its highly effective publicity.15. (A) A fantastic corporate culture.(B) A long company history.(C) An excellent product.(D) A sophisticated technology.16. (A) A power station.(B) An importer of bicycles.(C) An association of volunteers.(D) A charity organization.17. (A) To provide help to local villagers.(B) To export bicycles to developing countries.(C) To organize overseas trips.(D) To carry out land surveys.18. (A) They sell them at a very low price.(B) They charge half price.(C) They give them away for free.(D) They trade them for local products.19. (A) 14,000.(B) 46,000.(C) 50,000.(D) 56,000.20. (A) Donating bicycles.(B) Bringing in funds.(C) Taking part in bike rides.(D) Making suggestions about where to send bicycles.SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1--5Talk about timing. Your question arrived in our in-box the same day that we received a note from an acquaintance who had just been let go from his job in publishing, certainly one of the industries that is facing, as you put it, “extreme change.” He described his layoff as a practically Orwellian experience in which he was ushered into a conference room to meet with an outplacement consultant who, after dispensing with logistics, informed him that she would call him at home that evening to make sure everything was all right.“I assured her I had friends and loved ones and a dog,” he wrote, “and since my relationship with her could be measured in terms of seconds, they could take care of that end of things.” “Memo to HR: Instead of saddling dismissed employees with solicitous outplacement reps,” he noted wryly, “put them in a room with some crockery for a few therapeutic minutes of smashing things against a wall.”While we enjoy our friend’s sense of humor, we’d suggest a different memo to HR. “Layoffs are your moment of truth,” it would say, “when your company must show departing employees the same kind of attentiveness and dignity that was showered upon them when they entered. Layoffs are when HR proves its mettle and its worth, demonstrating whether a company really cares about its people.”Look, we’ve written before about HR and the game-changing role we believe it can—and should—play as the engine of an organization’s hiring, appraisal, and development processes. We’ve asserted that too many companies relegate HR to the mundane busy-work of newsletters, picnics, and benefits, and we’ve made the case that every CEO should elevate his head of HR to the same stature as the CFO. But if there was ever a time to underscore the importance of HR, it has arrived. And, sadly, if there was ever a time to see how few companies get HR right, it has arrived, too, as our acquaintance’s experience shows.So, to your question: What is HR’s correct role now—especially in terms of layoffs?First, HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers. Being fired is dehumanizing in any event, but to get the news from a “hired gun” only makes matters worse. That’s why HR must ensure that managers accept their duty, which is to be in on the one conversation at work that must be personal. Pink slips should be delivered face-to-face,eyeball-to-eyeball.Second, HR’s role is to serve as the company’s arbiter of equity. Nothing raises hackles more during a layoff than the sense that some people—namely the loudmouths and the litigious—are getting better deals than others. HR can mitigate that dynamic by making sure across units and divisions that severance arrangements, if they exist, are appropriate and evenhanded. You simply don’t want people to leave feeling as if they got you-know-what. They need to walk out saying: “At least I know i was treated fairly.”Finally, HR’s role is to absorb pain. In the hours and days after being let go, people need to vent, and it is HR’s job to be completely available to console. At some point, all outplacement consultant can come into the mix to assist with a transition, but HR can never let “the departed” feel as if they’ve been sent to a leper colony. Someone connected to each let-go employee—either a colleague or HR staffer—should check in regularly. And not just to ask, “Is everything O.K.?” but to listen to the answer with an open heart, and when appropriate, offer to serve as a reference to prospective employers.Three years ago, we wrote a column called, “So Many CEOs Get This Wrong,” and while many letters supported our stance that too many companies undervalue HR, a significant minority pooh-poohed HR as irrelevant to the “real work” of business. Given the state of things, we wonder how those same HR-minimalists feel now. If their company is in crisis—or their own career—perhaps at last they’ve seen the light. HR matters enormously in good times. It defines you in the bad.1. Why does the author say that his friend’s note displayed a “sense of humor”(para. 3)?(A) Because his layoff experience showed vividly the process of”extreme change”.(B) Because he gave a vivid description of the outplacement reps’ work style.(C) Because he suggested to HR how to treat dismissed employees while he himself was fired.(D) Because he was optimistic with the support and understanding from his friends and loved family members after being dismissed.2. The expression “moment of truth” in the sentence “Layoffs are your moment of truth ...when they entered.” (para. 3) most probably means ________.(A) critical moment of proving one’s worth(B) time of dismissing the employees(C) important moment of telling the truth(D) time of losing one’s dignity3. Which of the following does NOT support the author’s statement that “HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers.”(para. 6)?(A) In that case the let-go employee would feel less dehumanized.(B) By doing so the managers treat the employees with respect.(C) HR has thus played the positive role in terms of layoffs.(D) In doing so strangers will only play the role of a “hired gun”.4. The expression “pink slips” in the sentence “Pink slips should be delivered face-to-face, eyeball-to-eyeball.”(para. 6) can best be paraphrased as ________.(A) a letter of invitation (B) a notice of dismissal(C) a card of condolences (D) a message of greetings5. Which of the following expresses the main idea of the passage?(A) The time to underscore the importance of HR has arrived.(B) Severance arrangements should be the focus of HR’s job.(C) Employees should be treated with equal respect whether hired or fired.(D) Managers must leave their duty to HR when employees are dismissed.Questions 6—10Senator Barbara Boxer (D) of California announced this month she intends to move ahead with legislation designed to lower the emission of greenhouse gases that are linked by many scientists to climate change. But the approach she’s taking is flawed, and the current financial crisis can help us understand why.The centerpiece of this approach is the creation of a market for trading carbon emission credits. These credits would be either distributed free of charge or auctioned to major emitters of greenhouse gases. The firms could then buy and sell permits under federally mandated emissions caps. If a company is able to cut emissions, it can sell excess credits for a profit. If it needs to emit more, it can buy permits on the market from other firnls.“Cap and trade,” as it is called, is advocated by several policymakers, industry leaders, and activists who want to fight global warming. But it’s based on the trade of highly volatile financial instruments: risky at best. The better approach to climate change? A direct tax placed on emissions of greenhouse gases. The tax would create a market price for carbon emissions and lead to emissions reductions or new technologies that cut greenhouse gases. This is an approach favored by many economists as the financially sensible way to go. And it is getting a closer look by some industry professionals and lawmakers.At first blush, it might seem crazy to advocate a tax increase during a major recession. But there are several virtues of a tax on carbon emissions relative to a cap-and-trade program. For starters, the country already has a mechanism in place to deal with taxes. Tax collection is something the government has abundant experience with. A carbon trading scheme, on the other hand, requires the creation of elaborate new markets, institutions, and regulations to oversee and enforce it. Another relative advantage of the tax is its flexibility. It is easier to adjust the tax to adapt to changing economic, scientific, or other circumstances. If the tax is too low to be effective, it can be raised easily. If it is too burdensome it can be relaxed temporarily. In contrast, a cap-and-trade program creates emissions permits that provide substantial economic value to firms and industries. These assets limit the program’s flexibility once under way, since market actors then have an interest in maintaining the status quo to preserve the value of the assets. What’s more, they can be a recipe for trouble. As my American Enterprise Institute colleagues Ken Green, Steve Hayward, and Kevin Hassett pointed out two years ago, “sudden changes in economic conditions could lead to significant price volatility in a cap-and-trade program that would be less likely under acarbon-tax regime.”Recent experience bears this out. Europe has in place a cap-and-trade program that today looks a little like the American mortgage-backed securities market—it’s a total mess. The price of carbon recently fell—plummeting from over $30 to around $12 per ton—as European firms unloaded their permits on the market in an effort to shore up deteriorating balance sheets during the credit crunch. It is this shaky experience with cap-and-trade that might explain an unlikely advocate of acarbon tax. Earlier this year, ExxonMobil CEO Rex Tillerson pointed in a speech to the problems with Europe’s cap-and-trade program—such as the program’s volatility and lack of transparency—as reasons he prefers a carbon tax.That said, new taxes are a tough sell in Washington, which helps explain the current preference for a cap-and-trade scheme. Despite this, there are ways to make a carbon tax more politically appealing. The first is to insist that it be “revenue neutral.” This means that any revenues collected from the tax are used to reduce taxes elsewhere, such as payroll taxes.The advantage of this approach is that it places a burden on something that is believed by many to be undesirable (greenhouse-gas emissions) while relieving a burden on something that is desirable (work). Another selling point is that the tax can justify the removal of an assortment of burdensome and costly regulations such as CAFE standards for car. These regulations become largely redundant in an era of carbon taxes.But it may be that a carbon tax doesn’t need an elaborate sales pitch today when the alternative is trading carbon permits. The nation’s recent experience with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the mortgage-backed securities market should prompt Congress to think twice when a member proposes the creation of a highly politicized market for innovative financial instruments, no matter how well intentioned the program may be.6. The author introduces Senator Barbara Boxer in the passage because she ________.(A) has made suggestions to ease the current financial crisis(B) is a pioneer in the reduction of greenhouse gases emission(C) is well-known for her proposal on legislation reform(D) plans to propose the legislation of cap-and-trade program7. Which of the following CANNOT be true about the carbon emission credits system?(A) The use of carbon credits would show clearly emitters’ efforts in carbon cutting.(B) The credits might be distributed free or auctioned to the emitters.(C) The price of carbon credits could fluctuate with changing economic conditions.(D) The credits can be bought and sold between emitters for profits.8. According to the passage, the cap-and-trade program ________.(A) will be much more useful in fighting global warming(B) will not be as effective as a tax on carbon emissions(C) is being examined by industry professionals and lawmakers(D) is supported by many policymakers, industry leaders and activists9. The expression “to shore up” in the sentence “as European firms unloaded their permits on the market in an effort to shore up deteriorating balance sheets during the credit crunch”(para. 6) can best paraphrased as ________.(A) to eliminate (B) to revise and regulate(C) to give support to (D) to correct and restructure10. In the last paragraph, the author mentions Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities to tell the Congress that ________.(A) the experience with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities will be useful for the creation of a highly politicized market(B) the lessons from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities should not be neglected(C) the argument over cap-and-trade program and direct tax on carbon emissions should be stopped(D) the legislation for a cap-and-trade scheme will prove to be the solution to greenhouse gases emissionQuestions 11--15The gap between what companies might be expected to pay in tax and what they actually pay amounts to billions of pounds—on that much, everyone can agree. The surprising truth is that no one can agree how many billions are missing, or even how to define “tax gap”. Estimates range from anything between £3bn to nearly £14bn, depending on who is doing the calculations. Even the people in charge of colleting the taxes—Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC)—admit they have only the vaguest idea of how many further billions of pounds they could be getting...and it took a freedom of information request before they would admit the extent of their lack of knowledge.Any media organization or MP attempting to pursue the subject will find themselves hampered by the same difficulties faced by the tax collectors—secrecy and complexity. The Guardian’s investigation, which we publish over the coming two weeks, is no different.The difficulty starts with an inability of anyone to agree a definition of “tax avoidance”. It continues through the limited amount of information in the public domain. And it is further hampered by the extraordinary complexity of modern global corporations.International companies based in the UK may have hundreds of subsidiary companies, which many use to take advantage of differing tax regimes as they move goods, services and intellectual property around the world. It is estimated that more than half of world trade consists of such movements (known as transfer-pricing) within corporations.Companies are legally required publicly to declare these subsidiaries. But they generally tell shareholders of only the main subsidiaries. The Guardian’s investigation found five majorUK-based corporations which had ignored the requirements of the Companies Act by failing to identify offshore subsidiaries. This is just one example of the atmosphere of secrecy andnon-disclosure in Britain which has allowed tax avoidance to flourish. The result is that few outside of the lucrative industries of banking, accountancy and tax law have understood the scale of the capital flight that is now taking place.British tax inspectors privately describe as formidable the mountain outsiders have to climb in order to comb through the accounts of international companies based in London. “The companies hold all the cards,” said one senior former tax inspector. “It’s very difficult because you don’t always know what you are looking for...You are confronted with delay, obstruction and a lot of whingeing from companies who complain about ‘unreasonable requests’. Sometimes you are just piecing together a jigsaw.”Another former senior tax inspector said: “One of the problems the Revenue has is that the company doesn’t have to disclose the amount of tax actually paid in any year and the accounts won’t reveal the liability. Each company has its own method of accounting for tax: there’s no uniform way of declaring it all.” For journalists trying to probe these murky waters, the problems are so substantial that few media organizations attempt it.A trawl through the published accounts of even a single major group of companies can involve hunting around in the registers of several different countries. It takes a lot of time and a lot of money. Companies—with some far-sighted British exceptions—simply refuse to disclose any more than what appears in the published figures. The legal fiction that a public company is a “legal person”, entitled to total tax secrecy and even to “human rights”, makes it normally impossible for a journalist to penetrate the tax strategies of big business. HMRC refuse, far example, to identify the 12 major companies who used tax avoidance schemes to avoid paying any corporation tax whatever.It is difficult to access experts to guide the media or MPs through this semantic jungle. The “Big Four” accountants and tax QCs who make a living out of tax avoidance, have no interest in helping outsiders understand their world. Few others have the necessary knowledge, and those that do, do not come cheap or may be conflicted. “Secrecy is the offshore world’s great protector,” writes William Brittan-Caitlin, London-based former Kroll investigator in his book, Offshore. “Government and states are generally at a loss to diagnose in detail what is really going on inside corporate internal markets. Corporations are extremely secretive about the special tax advantages these structures give them.”11. According to the passage, the “tax gap” is ________.(A) a well-defined term included in both British taxation system and the Companies Act(B) an accepted practice adopted by most international companies based in the UK(C) a practice difficult to define and discover but common with companies in Britain(D) the target which has been attacked by British tax inspectors over the past decades12. It can be concluded that many international companies “move goods, services and intellectual property around the world” (para.4) within corporations mainly in order ________.(A) to make use of different tax systems to avoid taxation(B) to give equal support to all the subsidiaries around the world(C) to expand the import and export trade with other countries(D) to raise their productivity and to maximize the profitability13. When one former senior tax inspector comments that “Sometimes you are just piecing together a jigsaw “(para. 6), he most probably means that ________.(A) investigating a company’s accounts is the same as playing a children’s game(B) the Revenue should reform its regulation to fight illegal “tax avoidance”(C) it’s a complicated matter to investigate an international company’s accounts(D) it’s a diffident task to overcome the obstruction from the company’s side14. By using the expression “legal fiction”(para. 8) to describe today’s status of a public company, the author is trying to imply that such a definition ________.(A) is a humanitarian and legitimate definition protecting the rights of companies(B) is ridiculous, absurd and hinders the investigation of tax strategies of big companies(C) is an incorrect and inexact concept to reveal the nature of modem businesses(D) is a reflection of the reality of companies and corporations and should not be altered15. In writing this article, the author is planning to tell all of the following to the readers EXCEPT that ________.(A) the gap between what companies are expected to pay in tax and what they actually pay is too enormous to be neglected(B) secrecy and complexity are the two major protectors of international corporations in tax avoidance(C) there are loopholes in the legislation concerning companies which obstruct the practice of taxation(D) the government plans to investigate the “tax gap” and “tax avoidance” of international companiesQuestions 16--20One of the many upsetting aspects to being in your forties, is hearing people your own age grumbling about “young people” the way we were grumbled about ourselves. Old friends will complain, “Youngsters today have no respect like we did”, and I’ll think: “Hang on. I remember the night you set a puma loose in the soft furnishings section of Pricerite’s.”There’s also a “radicals” version of this attitude, a strand within the middle-aged who lament how today’s youngsters, “Don’t demonstrate like we did”, because “we were always marching against apartheid or for the miners but students these days don’t seem bothered”. It would seem natural if they went on: “The bloody youth of today; they’ve no disrespect for authority. In my day you started chanting and if a copper gave you any lip you gave him a clip round the ear, and he didn’t do it again. We’ve lost those values somehow.”You feel that even if they did come across a mass student protest they’d sneer. “That isn’t a proper rebellion, they’ve used the internet. “You wouldn’t have caught Spartacus rounding up his forces by putting a message on Facebook saying ‘Hi Cum 2 Rome 4 gr8 fite 2 liber8 slaves lets kill emprer lol’”.It doesn’t help that many of the student leaders from the sixties and seventies ended up as ministers or journalists, who try to deny they’ve reneged on their principles by making statements such as: “It’s true I used to run the Campaign to Abolish the British Army, but my recent speech in favour of invading every country in the world in alphabetical order merely places those ideals in a modern setting.”Also it’s become a tougher prospect to rebel as a student, as tuition fees force them to work while they’re studying. But over the last two weeks students have organized occupations in 29 universities, creating the biggest student revolt for 20 years. In Edinburgh, for example, the demands were that free scholarships should be provided for Palestinian students, and the university should immediately cancel its investments with arms companies.So the first question to arise from these demands must be: what are universities doing having links with arms companies in the first place? How does that help education? Do the lecturers make an announcement that, “This year, thanks to British Aerospace, the media studies course has possession of not only the latest digital recording equipment and editing facilities, but also three landmines and a Tornado bomber”?。
9月英语高级口译真题+答案
9 月英语高级口译真题+ 答案(4)SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.A proposal to change long-standing federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U.S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurface-kindling bitter debate even if it fails to become law.At issue is “ birthright citizenship -pr〞ovided for since the Constitutio n' s14th Amendment was ratified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says: “ All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subj to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States. 〞Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship automatically to babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to end birthright citizenship.“ MostAmericans feel it doesn 'mt ake any sense for people to come into the country illegally, give birth an d have a new U.S. citizen, 〞said the spokesman of th federation of American immigration reform. “ But the advocates for illegal immi will make a fuss; they ' lcllaim you ' repunishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn ' t want to deatlhwaitt.h 〞SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Note-taking and Gap-fillingDirections: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the importa nt points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your TEST BOOK and ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.The doctor-patient relationship is one of the __________ 〔1〕relationships in life, but many people say this relationship is beyond _____________ 〔2〕. Can this relationship be saved? The answer is __________ 〔3〕yes, because it must. And if that is lost, medicine becomes a technology and is _________ 〔4〕. In part the crisisin medicine began with doctors __________ 〔5〕themselves from patients.The more critical work of a doctor happens in the taking of the human 〔6〕. 〔7〕is the most important and most difficult single transaction. The studies show that 〔8〕of all the valuable informationthat leads to correct diagnosis comes from the history. Another __________ 〔9〕comes from the physical examination, 10% comes from simple __________ 〔10〕tests, and 5% comes from all the complex __________ 〔11〕. So listening is vital, because listening is not merely listening, but to establish a _________ 〔12〕.But some doctors think listening is _________ 〔13〕. They like to use complex and costly __________ 〔14〕, and use ___________ 〔15〕that create adversereactions and require _________ 〔16〕. They don 't like to listen. Because there premium on listening and that there 's no __〔__1_7_〕___fo_r_listening.Even so, the doctor-patient relationship is not _________ 〔18〕saving. Because people may ask, what is good health? And good health begins first and foremost with 〔19〕. If you don 't care for a _______ 〔__2_0_〕, be somebody else,but don ' t be a doctor!Part B: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.〔1〕〔2〕〔3〕〔4〕〔5〕2. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.〔1〕。
0609高口笔试答案.doc
0609高口笔试答案2006年9月高级口译答案SECTION ONE: LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation1.freedom and connection2.top five benefits3.to think differently4.old boring way of doing things5.oppose the common wisdom6.fixed and boring7.invite your inner child out8.shifts the new world of discovery9.every human spent time10.brought a smile to your face11.and a feeling of inner peace12.watch your joy factor13.to reduce stress14.basic to human existence15.adaptive abilities16.healthy answers to challenging situations17.add a feeling of relaxation18.stimulate the imagination19.more meaningful understanding20.various possible situationsPart B Listening Comprehension 答案:I- 5 BDBBC 6-10 BDACBII-15 BCDAC 16-20 ABCBCSECTION TWO: READING TESTI-5CDD AA 6-10 CDBCCII-15 ADB DB 16-20BDBB C SECTION THREE TRANSLATION (E-C)本月,一项意在改变存在已久的联邦政策、拒绝给予在美国的非法移民所生的子女公民身份的提案在国会搁了浅,但是这个提案肯定会重新出台一一即使不能成为法律,也会引起激烈的争论。
9月上海英语翻译资格高级口译听力真题完整版
9月上海英语翻译资格高级口译听力真题完整版Part A: Spot DictationWas it envisioned for the euro to eventually become such a strong currency that it could compete with the dollar on a global level? Or was that a dream then and is it still a dream now?I think it was an attainable dream, and it is becoming actually, in some ways, less attainable right now.You may ask why?Well, the dream to give credit where credit is due was not only advocated by some European officials but by some American economists, including our Institute’s director, Fred Bergsten, who was way out in the front with that. Richard Portes, who teaches at London Business School, also was way out in front with that. And they were very much against the tide of people like Martin Feldstein and others in London and the United States who were very skeptical towards the euro.At face value, the euro area is the same size in GDP as the United States, roughly speaking. The euro area does have very large and deep financial markets, although the more you look in detail, there are still some things there that differentiate it from the United States. And the euro area has delivered price stability. They have a very low rate of inflation pretty consistently. So you put those three things together, on paper it looks like the euro should be at least a very clear second to the dollar in investor’s portfolios, in government reserve holdings, in how much you invoice trade like oil or planes or things like that.But what our research finds in this book -- in particular in good chapters by Kristin Forbes and Linda Goldberg -- is the fact that if you look under the hood a bit, there is ahuge shortfall between what you would expect just based on size and how much the euro is used. So there’s an awful lot of trade that’s still invoiced in dollars, not in euros, even between countries that are not dollar countries. There are huge amounts of financial flows that come to the United States, and the depth of European assets and financial flows is not commensurate with the size.【解析】本文节选自Growing Pains for the Euro。
2011年9月高级口译考试真题及答案汇总
以下是考试⼤⼝译笔译站点考后第⼀时间为您整理的2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译真题、答案、解析,供参考。
2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试真题、答案、点评汇总听⼒2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒部分真题下半场(沪江版)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒真题Listening Comprehension2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒真题spot dictation2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试上半场听⼒下载(mp3)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试下半场听⼒下载(mp3)翻译2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译翻译真题及答案passage translation2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试翻译真题(英译汉)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译翻译真题、答案sentence translation2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译翻译答案(下半场汉译英)阅读2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译阅读第⼀篇原⽂(昂⽴)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译阅读第⼆篇原⽂(昂⽴)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译阅读第三篇原⽂(昂⽴)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译阅读第四篇原⽂(昂⽴)题⽬出处2011年⾼级⼝译笔试听⼒原⽂出处:传统医学2011.9⾼级⼝译笔试阅读原题出处: 欧洲为何不再举⾜轻重点评2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译上半场总评(昂⽴版)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒新闻题权威讲评(新东⽅)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒NTGF点评(新东⽅)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒部分Spot Dictation评析(沪江)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒Listening Comprehension 4评析(沪江)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译passage translation评析(沪江)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译下半场汉译英评析 答案2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试答案解析(完整版)。
高级口译阅读真题及答案九月
Questions 1~5British Aerospace is planning to set up its own university becauseit cannot recruit the skilled graduates it needs from existinginstitutions.BAe has a team drafting a range of options for the university, whichwould award its own degrees. Work on the scheme is expected to start in the next few months.Sir Richard Evans, chief executive of British Aerospace, hasalready launched a recruiting drive for engineers on the Continent because of a shortage of high-calibre domestic candidates. Advertising campaignsin France, Germany and other European countries will seek to attract students expecting to graduate in the summer. Other engineering employers are expe3cted to follow suit. The move to take on overseas graduates comes after BAe left one in five of its graduate places unfilled last year, blaming shortcomings in the education system. If the scheme is approved, BAe will either build a full university or incorporate sites at its main research and manufacturing centres at Farnborough, Surrey, and Warton, Lancashire. The company would have to convince the education authorities that the university had sufficient teaching capacity and autonomy for it to be allowed to award degrees. Bae said it was setting up its own education system and recruiting staff abroad because "there is a shortage of engineering graduates, both in terms of quantity and quality".The Engineering Employers' Federation said that skill shortageswere an urgent problem. Rolls-Royce, another large engineering employer, said there was a general skill shortage, although it had filled itsgraduate quota. Rolls will soon recruit internationally to reflect itsexpanding international operations.Engineering's failure to attract students has been attributed topoor pay and long-term prospects, given the decline in British manufacturing. BAe would not reveal how much it pays graduates, but Lucas Variety, a large engineering employer, paid a starting salary of £14,200last year. That compares with an average graduate starting salary of£15,300, according to Income Data Services.British universities have found it increasingly difficult torecruit well-qualified undergraduates. Even Oxford and Cambridge fail to meet their quotas in many engineering subjects.Alan Smithers, whose Centre for Education and Employment Research,at Brunel University, produced a report on the supply of science and engineering graduates early this year, said that the discipline had beenover expanded. "There is now a lack of quality to withstand competitionin an increasingly international sphere. Companies go where they can find the best candidates."Engineering does not enjoy the high status in Britain that itoccupies in other parts of the world. Courses in other parts of Europeand the Far East command among the highest entry requirements of all degree subjects and take five years, rather than the norm of three in Britain.1. British Aerospace is recruiting engineers on the Continent ______.(A) as the pay for them can be much lower(B) as there are not enough well-qualified candidates at home(C) to compete with France, Germany and other European countries(D) to set up a university of its own.2. In the passage, the expression "to follow suit" in the sentence "Other engineering employers are expected to follow suit" (para. 4) can best be paraphrased as _______.(A) tojoin BAe in its recruiting scheme (B) to take theunanimous action(C) to recruit graduates overseas (D) to establishuniversities3. Which of the following is NOT the reason that engineering courses failto attract British students?(A) The decline of British manufacturing industry.(B) The recruitment of engineers abroad.(C) The lower pay for engineering graduates.(D) The long and slow process of success and promotion after graduation.4. "Oxford" and "Cambridge" are mentioned in the passage to show that_______.(A) they are the world famous universities.they are not cooperating with British Aerospace(C) they are reforming the engineering education(D) they can not fulfil their recruitment quotas in engineering5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?(A) There should be further cooperation between British Aerospace and Higher Institutions(B) Shortage of engineers leads BAe to plan its own university(C) British Higher Education has recently been reevaluated(D) British Engineering education is severely criticized for its lackof qualityQuestion 6~10 In an unprecedented trans-European strike, Renault workers yesterday staged simultaneous stoppages in France, Belgium and Spain to protest against the car maker's decision to close its factory at Vilvoordein Belgium and cut 6,000 jobs.Despite union fury and a storm of criticism from French politiciansand the European Commission, Louis Schweitzer, the Renault chairman, insisted that the closure of the Belgian factory in July with the lossof 3,100 jobs was traumatic but necessary. "It's a brutal, hard and painful decision," Mr.Schweitzer said. "If we do nothing, the company will be." Up to one third of workers downed tools for one hour during each shiftin Paris and other parts of France, while Belgian demonstrators from the threatened Vilvoorde plant massed outside the French Embassy in Brussels and threw a car chassis across police barricades. Belgian Renault dealers across the country joined the protest by shutting up shop.The Renault board has approved a plan to shed an additional 2,764jobs in France, where stoppages began overnight at the Renault factoryin Le Mans, and continued yesterday at plants in Cleon, Sandouville and Douai.About 90 per cent of workers at four Renault plants in Spain downedtools for one hour and employees at factories operated in Belgium by General Motors, Volkswagen, Ford, Opel and Volvo also staged one-hour strikes in solidarity with their Renault counterparts./Workers at Renault plants in Portugal, however, did not respond tothe strike call.Up to one third of workers downed tools for one hour during each shiftin Paris and other parts of France, while Belgian demonstrators from the threatened Vilvoorde plant massed outside the French Embassy in Brussels and threw a car chassis across police barricades. Belgian Renault dealers across the country joined the protest by shutting up shop.The Renault board has approved a plan to shed an additional 2,764jobs in France, where stoppages began overnight at the Renault factoryin Le Mans, and continued yesterday at plants in Cleon, Sandouville and Douai. /About 90 per cent of workers at four Renault plants in Spain downedtools for one hour and employees at factories operated in Belgium by General Motors, Volkswagen, Ford, Opel and Volvo also staged one-hour strikes in solidarity with their Renault counterparts./Workers at Renault plants in Portugal, however, did not respond tothe strike call.Union leaders last night hailed the so-called "Eurostrike" as proofof cross-border workers' unity in the face of glaring gaps in Europeansocial legislation. /Mr. Schweitzer suggested that a new use might be found for theVilvoorde factory and that some workers may be transferred to other plants, but he showed no sign of backing off from the radical restructuring plan. Critics claim that he is callously taking advantage of differentlabour costs across Europe, and on Thursday Karl Van Miert, the European Commissioner, announced he was blocking Spanish investment subsides for Renault on the grounds that it was "absurd" to close the profitable Belgian plant.The Spanish Government yesterday decided to suspend its request for approval of an 8 million subsidy it had planned to provide for a Renaultinvestment in Valladolid.The management of the newly-privatised French automaker claims thatthe Vilvoorde plant was singled out because it has the highest production costs.While President Chirac of France has expressed "shock" at the abruptway the closure was announced, as Mr. Schweitzer pointed out "the French Government has not said that the decision should be altered, correctedor that it was not good for the company".6. The Belgians demonstrated outside the French Embassy in Brussels______.(A) to protest against French President Chirac's speech(B) to support French workers' strike at Renault plants(C) to protest against the closure of the Vilvoorde factory by theFrench car maker(D) to voice their solidarity with all Renault workers7. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.(A) about 6,000 jobs will be cut from the Renault factory at Vilvoordein Belgium(B) one third of workersin the Vilvoorde factory will lose their jobs(C) about 6,000 workers will be laid off from Renault factories inBelgium and France(D) the strikes at Renault plants in Belgium and France will lead toa dismissal of about 6,000 workers8. According to the passage, the workers at factories operated in Belgiumby General Motors, Volkswagen, Ford, Opel and Volvo staged strikes _____.(A) to protest against the closure of their plants(B) to demand higher wages(C) to demand more subsidies from their governments(D) to support workers in Renault plants9. The expression "was singled out" (para. 11) can be replaced by whichof the following?(A) was closed down (B) waschosen(C) was reconstructed (D) wasseparated10.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?(A) Renault workers in several European countries staged strikeagainst the closure of the Vilvoorde factory.(B) The French Government planned to take action to change the decisionof the Renault board.(C) The decision to close the Renault factory in Vilvoorde met strongcriticism from different circles.(D) The labour costs of automobile industry vary greatly from countryto country, even in Europe.Question 11~15The Australian art world swooned when they saw the work of "Aboriginal" painter Eddie Burrup, whose haunting canvases depicted Aboriginal "Dreamtime" legends.The only trouble is, Eddie Burrup does not exist. He is a figmentof the imagination of an 82-year-old white woman whose hoax has embarrassed the cognoscenti and infuriated the nation's indigenous artists. Not since Brisbane literary award winner, Helen Demidenko, admitted she fooled the publishing world in 1995 by assuming a false identity, have Australia's artistic elite been so humbled.The elderly painter who so successfully pulled the wool overeveryone's eyes, is in fact Elizabeth Durack, a pastoralist, author and amateur anthropologist who lives in the remote Kimberley region of Western Australia. Under Burrup's fictitious name, she produced a range of critically acclaimed work, including paintings, photographs andeven an autobiography. Everyone assumed Burrup was recluse living a hermit's existence in the Outback."His" creations were so impressive that they even featured in atouring Aboriginal art show. This month some of the works were due to be entered for the highly respected Sulman Prize, to be announced on March 21. But after yesterday's revelation "Burrup's" work will almostcertainly be withdrawn.Durack, of Irish descent, is a member of one of the country's mostfamous pioneering families. She is a well-know painter in her own right and confessed to her deception in an arts magazine, but refused to explain her motivation. "It's my last creative phase," was all she would say. However, art historian Robert Smith, a close family friend, defendedher actions. "she has created a character,just a playwright or a poet ora novelist will create a character," he said. "She hasn't appropriatedany motifs or themes, or forms of Aboriginal art at all," he insisted. Members of the Aboriginal art community were less forgiving,claiming she had stolen indigenous culture. "It's the last thing left thatyou could possibly take away other than our lives or shoot us all." John Mundine, an Aboriginal art curator, said. Doreen Mellor, senior curatorat Flinders Art Museum in Adelaide, said: "As an Aboriginal person I feel really offended."Ironically, the Durack family probably has a deeper knowledge of Aboriginal affairs than many other white settlers, having lived among Australia's indigenous people in Kimberley for nearly 180 years. In thelast century the Duracks had a reputation as the only family of pastoralists who did not shoot Aborigines.11.According to the passage. Eddie Burrup _______.(A) is an 82-year-old female painter(B) has long fascinated the Australian art world(C) has lived in Western Australia for many years(D) is an imaginary male Aboriginal painter12.According to the passage, the Australian artistic circles ______.(A) highly appreciate the work of Eddie Burrup(B) do not cosider Durack to be an artist(C) felt cheated by the trick of Elizabeth Durack(D) acknowledged Durack's contribution to the Aboriginal art13. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.(A) Durack imitated paintings from other Aboriginal artists(B) Durack lacked confidence in her own painting skills(C) Durack knew much about Aboriginal culture(D) Durack devoted all her life to the creation of Eddie Burrup14. The word "appropriated" in the sentence "She hasn't appropriated any motifs or themes, or forms of Aboriginal art at all," (para. 6) can bereplaced by which of the following?(A) made proper useof (B) used asher own invention(C) imitated and copied (D) studiedand designed15.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?(A) Many white men killed or injured the native people in Australiain the last century.(B) The Durack family have been hostile to Australia's natives.(C) The Aboriginal artists criticised Durack's deceptive behaviour.(D) Some people felt sympathetic with Durack after the revelation ofher deception.Question 16~20The medical world was thrown into confusion yesterday when a judgeruled that food and hydration could be withdrawn from a 29-year-old woman,even though doing so would not strictly follow rules laid down by the Royal College of Physicians.The woman, known as Miss D, was suffering a "living death" and the timehad come for "merciful relief," said Sir Stephen Brown, President of theHigh Court Family Division.The case breaks new ground because in previous cases where doctorshave applied to turn off life-support machines of seriously brain-damaged patients, the victims have been in a "persistent vegetative state"(PVS).Miss D was not considered by experts to be in a PVS because she could track movement with her eyes and responded to cold water being poured into her ears.James Munby QC, who was appointed to represent the woman's interests, told Sir Stephen that the reason the Royal College had been anxious to identify what he had called a "bright line" over which the boundariesshould not be pushed was because there was always a danger of going downa "slippery slope". But the judge, in his ruling said that all theconsultants, doctors, medical team and family were agreed that Miss D had no awareness of her surroundings or herself, and all the evidence was that there was "no possibility of any meaningful life whatsoever". SirStephen said that he did not feel he was altering the boundaries of whocould be allowed to die. "I am driven to the conclusion... that it is inthis patient's best interest to withdraw the artificial feeding andhydration which is keeping her body alive."But the judgement was condemned by the anti-euthanasia group. Alert, which said the "barbaric practice" of cutting off life support systemsbto braindamaged patients should be banned. Dr.Peggy Norris, chairwomanof Alert, said: "Withholding food and fluids from a person capable of experiencing thirst had been used as a form of torture."The British Medical Association took the vies, however, that thejudgement did not extend the categories of patients from whom nutritionand hydration can be withdrawn. "It is an acknowledgment that it wouldbe ethically acceptable to consider withdrawal of nutrition and hydrationfrom and individual who has permanently lost his or her sentience and awareness," a spokesman said.Miss D was at university when she was seriously injured in a roadaccident in 1989. She recovered enough to walk round in familiar surroundings, but in 1995 was found unconscious in her bed, probably having had an epileptic fit. She has never subsequently recovered consciousness.This week her feeding tube had become dislodged, and a smalloperation would have been needed to replace it. Consequently the hospital trust caring for her had applied to the court for a declaration that itwas lawful to "discontinue all life sustaining treatment." Its requestwas upheld.A spokesman for the Royal College of Physicians said the decisionhad caused confusion. "We set up a working group to produce guidelines,in order to help doctors in a difficult situation. But they are onlyguidelines and thejudge is not obliged to follow them. Thejudgement doesnot change them, but it seems to be leading to some uncertainty among doctors."16. The case which concerns Miss D is mainly about ______.(A) whether she was in a "persistent vegetative state"(B) if she should be given further medical treatment(C) which method to be used to recover her consciousness(D) whether the withdrawal of food and fluids from her isjustifiable17. In the passage, the expression "breaks new ground" (para. 3) can be paraphrased as which of the following?(A) makes new discoveries (B) providesfurther opportunities(C) brings new problems (D) makesbreakthroughs18.What is the major issue of the argument according to the passage?(A) The redefinition of "persistent vegetative state."(B) The stoppage of life sustaining treatment to non PVS patients.(C) The ethical issues in treating PVS patients.(D) The distinctions between PVS and non PVS patients.19. It can be concluded that the author of the passage ______.(A) gives his personal opinion about the issue in question(B) reaches a comprehensive conclusion in the end(C) provides a detailed introduction on the issue of euthanasia(D) offers an objective report on different views towards the issue20. According to the spokesman for the Royal College of Physicians, thejudgement has ______.(A) set a precedent for future cases(B) strictly followed the guidelines set up by the Royal College of Physicians(C) brought about certain confusion in the medical profession(D) led to strong opposition in the medical world翻译:A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. Americans, it is alleged, worship only "the almighty dollar." We scramble to "keep up with the Joneses." The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics. Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic. Bigger is better, whether in bombs or sedans. The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans. As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the world's supply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the world's population but consume over a third of the world's energy. These are now familiar complaints. Indeed,in some respects Americans may believe the "pursuit of happiness" to mean the pursuit of material things.Questions 1~4 /A judge condemned European Union laws against corporal punishmentand the rise in single-parent families as he sent two young arsonists toa secure unit yesterday.Sentencing the boys, aged ten and 13, to two and a half years, Judge Rodwell QC said in Luton Crown Court that the abolition of corporal punishment in schools had left teachers unable to discipline unruly youngsters, leading to an increase in delinquency.The boys, who cannot be named for legal reasons, set fire to aneighbour's house as they roamed the streets of a council estate afterbeing expelled from school.Judge Rodwell said: "With the best intention in the world corporal punishment has been abolished and indeed that is a requirement of the EU"."But this has resulted in an extremely unsatisfactory situation.Nobody wants children to be flogged but it is no longer possible for a teacher to deal with even a minor incident by a cuff round the ear or a smack on the hand, which is swift and something the child entirely understands and stops minor incidents escalating."If the child does not respond to being told not to bring gin intoschool or beat his mates up the teacher has to go through discipline procedures. If the correct procedures are followed a great deal of verbiage comes out which may satisfy the intelligent niceties of educationists but has no impact on a great number of children. Suspension is hardly a sanction."The judge expressed concern over single-parent families, and saidthat children needed two parents. The boys had both come from broken homes.He said:"Both children come from homes where a father for a lot of the time was not present. It is often said that in single-parent homes children can be given as much love as they need but that is not the entire answer." During their trial last month the court was told that the two boyswere among a gang of children who harassed the Smith family on the Downsideestate, Dunstable, Bedfordshire.One day, the boys put paper through the letter box and tried to setlight to it, but failed. Then a woman neighbour, described by the judgeas "the neighbour from hell". lent them a lighter so they kicked the doorin and started a fire a on a hall table.The blaze left the house uninhabitable, causing £4,000 damage tothe building and destroying virtually everything the family owned. The boys denied arson.1. Why were the two boys sent to a secure unit?2. What is corporal punishment referred to in this passage? Cite examples of corporal punishment from the passage.3. What are the advantages of corporal punishment, according to Judge Rodwell?4. Explain in your own words the statement "suspension is hardly asanction" (para. 6)?Question 5~7Five train companies will have to ask for more cash from the next government to run services, according to a report out yesterday.The study, conducted by a former transport analyst with Cityaccountants Coopers and Lybrand for Save Our Railways, the pressure group, claimed that many private operators bid so aggressively for train services they will be unable to meet the ambitious targets they have set themselves. Another four franchises are likely to run into financialdifficulties, making losses even if they manage to increase revenues by16 per cent over seven years.The loss-making franchises--Cardiff Railways, West Anglia and Great Northern and South Wales and West, Thameslink and Thames Trains--are likely to require more than £500m in extra subsidy in order to keep trains running. /"There has been concern in the rail industry for some time aboutthe way that some of the later franchises were let to bidders who weretaking a gamble," said Keith Bill, national secretary of Save OurRailways.The City's initial concerns about rail privatisation have meant that many early bids were "given away". South West Trains, which introducedan emergency timetable after cutting driver numbers, is predicted to make nearly £480m if it grows at 3 per cent a year.Also likely to make bumper profits are Great Western, which runsexpress InterCity services from London to the west country and could make £462m, and French-based company CGEA, in line for more than £600m fromits two commuter services. Campaigners point out that Opraf, the government body which let out franchises, realised that some would make money and others would run into difficulties.Train companies said that the growth forecasts were too low. "In twoyears we have increased our takings by 50 per cent," said a spokesman for Thames Trains. "So we expect to grow for faster than this report estimates."The analysis should jolt Labour's rail policy into life. The speedsell-off of British Rail has caught the party off-guard and forced itstransport team into a series of embarrassing U-turns--which hasculminated in a decision not to take any bankrupt train service intopublic hands. /"We will consider all the options and as a last resort we will offera bankrupt train srvice to private bidders in order to secure the bestdeal for the taxpayer," said a sopkeswoman for Andrew Smith, the shadow Secretary of State of Transport.Senior railway managers point out that this would mean that theLabour party would be forced into paying moresubsidy.5. Why are some train companies likely to make losses even if they manage to increase revenue?6. What does the sentence "many early bids were `given away'" (para. 6) mean?7. According to the passage, what are the impacts of the speed privatisation of British Rail on the Labour Party?Question 8~10The message in London's singles flat market is clear if you can findanything you like then buy now, Dixie Nichols writes.London is seeing "a vibrant and wealthy singles flat market"according to David Salvi of the Clerkenwell agents Hurford, Salvi and Carr. The middle market flat agents Douglas & Gordon and Chestertons both say prices in the sector are up 20 per cent on a year ago, both say this sector has improved by 20 per cent in the past 12 months, and both have a backlog of buyers. /Melissa Carter, of Douglas & Gordon's Battersea office, says: "Whatwas a good offer two months ago looks about right now. the deals are holding and valuers (who had been acting as a brake) are now prepared to follow." Buyers in the singles market come wielding big deposits (up to a thirdof the price is not unusual), and frequently leapfrog the studio andone-bed flats starting in at two beds. Often the second bed is let to afriend to take the sting out of the mortgage. /Although agents complain of there not being enough stock, there isa steady influx from the commercial block conversions. The new wave of developments is hitting the market now.The market is hungry and snaps up anything well priced. The Ziggurat Building in Clerkenwell, north London, sold all 34 units in its first phase within an hour of opening its doors, but the price was exceptional-- £140a sq ft when most schemes hover at £200 to £250.The developers' headline price may not have shot up in the past yearbut the amount of space you get for your money has been shaved, When Sapcote's Beauchamp Building in Hatton Garden, central London, was introduced last September the shell sizes of 1,200 to 1,400 sq ft were。
2023年9月英语高级口译考试笔试真题整理
9月英语高级口译考试笔试真题整理9月英语高级口译考试笔试真题Directions: In this part of the test,youwillhearapassageand read thesamepassage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear. the passage ONLY ONCE.Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLR ONCE.Research shows that we make up our minds about people through unspoken communication within seven seconds of meeting them._______________(1), we show our true feelings with our eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes, causing a chain of reactions, ranging______________(2). http://tr.hjenglish/Think about some of your most unforgettable meetings: an introduction to ________________(3), a job interview, and an encounter with a stranger, Focus on the first seven seconds. What did you________________(4)? How did you read the other person? How do you think he reads you?______________ (5). For 25 years Ive worked with thousands who want to be successful. Ive helped them ________________(6), answer unfriendly questions, communicate more effectively.____________________(7) has always been you are the message.Others will want to be with you and help you if you use________________(8). They include physical appearance, energy,_________________(9), pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expressions through eyes, and the ability to ______________________(10). Others form an impression about you based on these.Think of times when you know you ______________________(11). What made you successful? You were ___________________(12) what you were talking about and so absorbed in the moment that you___________________(13). http://tr.hjenglish/Be yourself. Many how-to books advise you to________________(14) and impress others with your qualities. They instruct you to greet them with __________________(15) and tell you to fix your eyes on the other person. If you follow all this advice, it is most likely that youll ________________(16) including yourself.The trick is to _______________(17), at your best. The most effective people never change from one situation to another. Theyre the same whether theyre addressing their garden club,_________________(18), or being interviewed for a job. They communicate ___________________(19);the tones of their voices and their gestures _______________(20). http://tr.hjenglish/Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once, Now listencarefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based an the following conversation.1. (A) It is required by the course he is taking. http://tr.hjenglish/(B) He is promoting a product through advertising.(C) He is applying for a scholarship at a university.(D) It is part of the selection process for a job.2. (A) How to become a successful job applicant.(B) How to prepare for a good speech.(C) How to make a good impression on the interviewer.(D) It has not been decided yet.3. (A) 20 minutes. (B) 30 minutes.(C) An hour. (D) Its not mentioned in the conversation.4. (A) To use the overhead projector.(B) To read clearly and loud enough from a script.(C) To illustrate his points with anecdotes or analogies.(D) To say something amusing or striking at the very start.5. (A) To listen to him rehearse the talk.(B) To help him collect the required statistics.(C) To analyze the data already available.(D) To write a script for the talk.Question 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) It will cut its peace keeping forces in some parts of Europe.(B) It will maintain its military presence in Bosnia and Kosovo.(C) It will cease its arms control talks with Russia.(D) It will have several eastern European countries as its full members.7. (A) Germany. (B) France.http://tr.hjenglish/(C) Hungary. (D) The Czech Republic.8. (A) Three. (B) Ten.(C) Fourteen.(D) Thirty.9. (A) Australians personal debts hit an all time low currently.(B) Australians face financial difficulties which might hinder economic growth.(C) The unemployment figures have been on the rise for the thirteenth month.(D) The record high interest rates start to threaten a booming housing market.10.(A) Because this was the first visit of the kind in the past four decades.(B) Because this visit had not been announced before these people actually arrived.(C) Because a denial of such a visit had been reported widely in the press.(D) Because government-level talks between the two sides has been recently cancelled.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) Steel production in the third world.(B) Economics about the developed countries.(C) Grain trade in northern Europe.(D) Cereal production in tropical areas.12. (A) To experience a flood disaster at first hand.(B) To study grain trade. http://tr.hjenglish/(C) To make a lecture tour.(D) To attend an international conference on grain production.13. (A) She took ferries. (B) She had to hire a boat from the locals.(C) She walked without any shoes. (D) She managed to drive a van.14. (A) Snake bites. (B) Big black ants.(C) Worms fleeing from the floods. (D) A fatal epidemic disease.15. (A) The government organized relief in conjunction with international charities.(B) The government brought down grain prices by selling its stock on the open market.(C) The merchants managed to keep their stock of grain safe from the flood water.(D) The merchants pushed up grain prices twice as much in some areas.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Young Entrepreneur.(B) Business Matters.(C) Successful Enterprise. (D) Talented Businessman.17. (A) Local business people. (B) Self employed people(C) People aged 18-25. (D) Successful people of any kind.18. (A) It must be typed on one side of paper only.(B) It must be no longer than 350 words.(C) It must have a persons signature.(D) It must be accompanied by a charity donation.19. (A) Six. (B) Ten.(C) Three hundred. (D) Three hundred and fifty.20. (A) Three weeks from now.(B) Two months after this announcement.(C) June the fifteenth. (D) The second weekend in July.文档内容到此结束,欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试
英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试昂立模拟考试(2008年9月)试卷二TEST BOOK 2SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Note-taking And Gap-fillingDirections:In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talkPer capita water usage has been (1) ________ for many years. Annual per capita water withdrawals in the USA, for example, are about 1,700 cubic metres, which is (2) ________ times the level in Ethiopia. In the 21st century, the world's (3) ________ supply of renewable fresh water has to meet demands of both larger total population and increased per capita (4) ________. Agriculture consumes about 70% of the world's fresh water, so improvements in (5) ________ can make the greatest impact. (6) ________ is the second biggest user of water. Some industrial processes use vast amounts of water, for example, (7) ________ production is often very water-intensive. Though new processes have greatly reduced consumption, there is still plenty of room for big (8) ________ in industry. In rich countries, water consumption has gradually been slowed down by (9) ________ increases and the use of (10) ________. In the USA, industrial production has risen fourfold since 1950, while water consumption has fallen by more than (11) ________. Many experts believe that the best way to counter the water (12) ________ is to impose water charges based on the (13) ________ cost of supplies. This would provide a powerful (14) ________ for consumers to introduce water-saving processes and recycling. Few governments charge realistic prices for water, especially to (15) ________. In many (16) ________ countries there is virtually no charge for irrigation water. One way to (17) ________ water resources is simply to prevent leaks in pipes, dripping (18) ________ and broken installations. Another way involves better management of the environment generally. (19) ________ can have a severe effect on local rainfall. Global warming is bound to affect rainfall patterns, though there is considerable disagreement about its precise (20) ________.Part B: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE.After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write yourversion in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2. Passage TranslationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)(2)SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions:Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-3The search for happiness is becoming more scientific. But does that make it any more accurate than it used to be? Two books explore a growth industryThe World Database of Happiness, in Rotterdam, collects all the available information about what makes people happy and why. According to the research, married, extroverted optimists are happier than single, pessimistic introverts, and Republicans are happier than Democrats. Nurses enjoy life more than bankers, and it helps to be religious, sexually active and a college graduate with a short commute to work. The wealthy experience more mirth than the poor, but not much. Most people say they are happy, but perhaps that is because they are expected to be.Having long ignored the subject, psychologists, economists and social scientists are now tackling happiness with zeal, particularly in America. Mostly this involves examining why peopleare not as happy as they should be, given the unprecedented access to freedom, opportunities and riches. Because happiness is now considered more an entitlement than a pursuit among citizens of prosperous countries, unhappiness has become a sign of failure, of weakness, and a prime source of dread. “Happy, you might say, is the new sad,” writes Eric Weiner in “The Geography of Bliss”, the latest contribution to the expanding field of positive psychology.A reporter for National Public Radio and a self-proclaimed unhappy person, Mr. Weiner used the Rotterdam database to find out where the happiest people live. He then traveled to these places in search of the secrets of contentment. “Are you happy?” he asks the locals of Iceland, Thailand, India and the Netherlands. “Have you seen our public toilets?” replies a man in Switzerland, one of the happiest countries. “They are very clean.” (Also the landscape is gorgeous, the trains prompt, the government attentive and the unemployment rate low.) In Qatar, a land of cartoonish opulence where happiness is seen as God's will, Mr Weiner's question is met with cringes; one of those asked suggests he “should become a Muslim” in order to know happine ss. In mellow Thailand everyone is “too busy being happy to think about happiness.”Mr. Weiner offers colorful observations, even when he samples hakarl, or rotten shark, an Icelandic speciality. Yet he chronicles his travels with a wearying feather-light jocularity, prizing one-liners over lucid analysis. And he fails to provide footnotes to his sources, despite relying simply on his “journalist's instincts”.Still, there is insight amid the anecdotes. Mr Weiner learns that the world's happiest places (such as Iceland and Switzerland) are often ethnically homogeneous even if they have high suicide rates. The least happy places (such as Moldova) are often former Soviet republics, where new political freedoms are undercut by general mistrust, nepotism, corruption and envy. For the British, happiness is a suspicious transatlantic import (“We don't do happiness,” quips one chap). While Americans, who “work longer hours and commute greater distances than virtually any other people in the world”, struggle hardest to be happy, and are often blind to their own failure; perhaps because the pursuit of happiness is an “inalienable right” in America.In any event, it is this “American obsession with happiness” that Eric Wilson lambasts in his slim polemic, “Against Happiness”. An English professor at Wake Forest University in North Carolina, Mr Wilson has crafted a tirade against the country's “wanton” embrace of “manic bliss”. He sounds a shrill alarm: “We are right at this moment annihilating melancholia,” he declares, which will deprive us of the creativity, genius and intellectual brilliance that come from this gloom. To experience beauty and lightness, we must also have death and darkness. But with anti-depressants, high-tech gadgets and botox, America is desperately trying to create “a brave new world of persistent good fortune, joy without pain, felicity with no penalty.”Given America's shift into positive-psychology overdrive, a thoughtful critique of this solipsistic grasping is welcome. Alas, Mr Wilson's is not that critique. Instead, it is an angry, emotional and often repetitive attack on a host of targets, including consumer culture (“happiness through acquisition”), the church (“happiness companies”), politics (“we blithely cheer its increasing demise”) and, most of all, those bland, robotic happy types, with their “paper-thin minds”. But who are these heartland Americans who are unable to feel pain and sadness? How did he find them? The author's self-serving indictment seethes with malevolence.Mr Wilson seems to be overlooking the fact that America's growing self-help industrial complex does not indicate “flaccid contentment” but its absence. As Mr Weiner writes, since 1960 America's “divorce rate has doubled, the teen-suicide rate tripled, the violent-crime ratequadrupled, and the prison population quintupled.” Also depression, anxiety and other mental-health problems are on the rise, ensuring there will be plenty of melancholic types to write poetry and compose music for some time. There is certainly little risk of eradicating the blues. As Eric Hoffer, an American social philosopher, once observed: “The search for happiness is one of the chief sources of unhappiness.”1. What does the author mean by “the search for happiness is becoming more scientific” (Para.1)? Give a list of some of the conclusions of the “scientific search”.2. According to Mr. Weiner’s travel and research, what are the characteristics of the places wherethe happiest people live?3. Give a brief introduction to Eric Wilson’s book “Against Happiness”.Questions 4-6For fans, it is the biggest scandal since Gonch Gardner made off with Mr Bronson's toupee at the swimming pool. “Grange Hill”, a BBC children's television drama about an inner-city school and its raucous pupils, is getting a makeover as it celebrates its 30th anniversary this year. Formerly stuffed with edgy teenage storylines—drugs, gangs, pregnancy and so on—the next series will instead follow a younger cast, pitching more innocent plotlines to an audience of under-12s. Blasphemy, according to the programme's creator, Phil Redmond, who says it would be better for the series to “hang up its mortar board”.The squeezing out of original programming for teenage viewers is one unexpected early consequence of the arrival of multi-channel digital television. Children are among the most eager adopters of digital TV, and now spend 82% of their viewing time on specialist digital channels rather than the old analogue five. Their parents are happy to indulge them: 90% of households with children have multi-channel television, against 76% of childless homes. More channels have meant lots more choice: some 113,000 hours of children's programmes were broadcast in 2006, compared with 20,000 in 1998.But there is a catch: nearly all of this is either imported or repeated. By 2006 only 1% of children's broadcasting consisted of original material made in Britain. Increased competition for viewers from the new channels, as well as bans on advertising junk food during children's shows, has made it unprofitable to commission expensive new children's programmes. Britain's main commercial broadcasters have halved their investment in children's shows since 1998.Pre-schoolers are getting the lion's share of what is left, partly because they are more likely to watch with their parents, whom advertisers will pay more to reach. The BBC, which is funded by a tax on households with televisions, has managed to increase its spending on children's programmes—yet it too seems to be focusing on younger kids. Its children's service, which used to cater for under-16s, was redefined in 2006 to attract under-12s away from competitors such as Disney and Nickelodeon. Programmes for older children, such as “Grange Hill”, are having to soften their content accordingly. A new teenagers' brand, BBC Switch, was launched in October, but its output is slim and mainly on the web, where Beeb bosses reckon teenagers now lurk. The television-minded among the over-12s are increasingly left to watch adult-oriented programmes or imports for children.Does it matter if young people come to consume almost exclusively television programmes that are made abroad? It might. “Grange Hill” and its ilk tackle awkward subjects that foreignseries tend to shy away from, and in a British context that makes them more real to British children. And television helps to mould national identity. Most Britons under 40 can remember “Grange Hill” teachers as vividly as their own, and in some circles few things garner more respect than a “Blue Peter” bad ge. Finally, exporting programmes is a form of soft power. Big Bird is more famous than Condoleezza Rice; Britain's best ambassadors could well be the Teletubbies.4. What is “Grange Hill”? Why does the author mention it at the beginning of the passage?5. Paraphrase the sentence “pre-schoolers are getting the lion’s share of what is left”. (Para. 4)6. Why does the author say “Big Bird is more famous than Condoleezza Rice; Britain’s bestambassadors could well be the Teletubbies”, (Para. 5)?Questions 7-10“T his paper is the manifestation of a guilty conscience.” With those words, Paul Krugman began the recent presentation of his new study of trade and wages at the Brookings Institution. Mr. Krugman, a leading trade economist, had concluded in a 1995 Brookings paper that trade with poor countries played only a small role in America's rising wage inequality, explaining perhaps one-tenth of the widening income gap between skilled and unskilled workers during the 1980s. Together with several studies in the mid-1990s that had similar findings, Mr. Krugman's paper convinced economists that trade was a bit-part player in causing inequality. Other factors, particularly technological innovation that favored those with skills, were much more important.At some level that was a surprise. In theory, although trade brings gains to the economy as a whole, it can have substantial effects on the distribution of income. When a country with relatively more high-skilled workers (such as America) trades with poorer countries that have relatively more low-skilled workers, America's low skilled will lose out. But when the effect appeared modest, economists heaved a sigh of relief and moved on.In recent years, however, the issue has returned. Opinion polls suggest that Americans have become increasingly convinced that globalization harms ordinary workers. As a commentator, Mr. Krugman has become more sk eptical. “It's no longer safe to assert that trade's impact on the income distribution in wealthy countries is fairly minor,” he wrote on the VoxEU blog last year. “There's a good case that it is big and getting bigger.” He offered two reasons why. First, more of America's trade is with poor countries, such as China. Second, the growing fragmentation of production means more tasks have become tradable, increasing the universe of labor-intensive jobs in which Chinese workers compete with Americans. His new paper set out to substantiate these assertions.That proved hard. Certainly, America's trade patterns have changed. Poor countries' share of commerce in manufactured goods has doubled. In contrast to the 1980s, the average wage of America's top-ten trading partners has fallen since 1990. All of which, you might think, would increase the impact of trade on wage inequality.But by how much? If you simply update the approach used in Mr. Krugman's 1995 paper to take into account today's trade patterns, you find that the effect on wages has increased. Josh Bivens, of the Economic Policy Institute, a Washington, DC, think-tank, did just that and found that trade widened wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers by 6.9% in 2006 and 4.8% in 1995. But even with that increase, trade is still far from being the main cause of wage inequality. Lawrence Katz, a Harvard economist who discussed Mr. Krugman's paper at Brookings,estimates that, using Mr. Bivens's approach, trade with poor countries can account for about 15% of the growth in the wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers since 1979.Even this is almost certainly an overstatement. Many imports from China have moved up-market from easy-to-produce products, such as footwear, to more sophisticated goods, such as computers and electronics. As a result, to use economists' jargon, the “factor content” of American imports—in effect, the amount of skilled labor they contain—has not shifted downwards. Mr. Katz says factor-based models suggest trade with poor countries explains only 5% of rising income inequality.Mr Krugman argues that the effect is bigger, but that import statistics are too coarse to capture it. Thanks to the fragmentation of production, Chinese workers are doing the low-skill parts of producing computers. Just because computers from China are classified as skill-intensive in America's imports does not prevent them from hurting less-skilled American workers. Mr. Krugman may be right but, as he admits, it is hard to prove.Robert Lawrence, another Harvard economist, has looked at the same evidence and reached rather different conclusions. In a new book, “Blue Collar Blues”, he points out that the contours of American inequality sit ill with the idea that trade with poor countries is to blame. Once you measure income properly, the gap between white- and blue-collar workers has not risen that much since the late 1990s when China's global integration accelerated. The wages of the least skilled have improved relative to those in the middle. Some types of inequality have increased, notably the share of income going to the very richest. But there is little sign that wage inequality has behaved as traditional trade theory might suggest.Mr. Lawrence offers two reasons why. One possibility is that America no longer makes some of the low-skilled, labor-intensive goods that it imports. In those goods there are no domestic workers to lose out to foreign competition. Second, even when America does produce something that is imported from China, it may make it in a different way, with more machinery and only a few high-skilled workers. If imports from China and other poor countries compete with more-skilled American workers, they may displace workers but will not widen wage inequality.7. Why does Paul Krugman say that his paper is “the manifestation of a guilty conscience”(para.1)?8. What made Mr. Krugman believe that the trade’s impact on the income distribution is “big andgetting bigger” (Para. 3)?9. What is “factor content”(para. 6)? What does it reveal in the analyzing of income inequality?10. What are Robert Lawrence’s findings in the research into income inequality? What are hisreasons?SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes)Directions:Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.这次发生在四川汶川等地的特大地震灾害,其破坏之严重、人员伤亡之多、救灾难度之大都是历史罕见的,抗震救灾工作面临着十分严峻的困难局面。
2007年9月高级口译阅读下半场真题
2007年9月高级口译阅读下半场真题【下半场阅读理解第一篇】Questions 1-3On Apr. 27, the Dean of Duke's business school had the unfortunate task of announcing that nearly 10% of the Class of 2008 had been caught cheating on a take-home final exam. The scandal, which has cast yet another pall over the leafy, Gothic campus, is already going down as the biggest episode of alleged student deception in the business school's history.Almost immediately, the questions started swirling. The accused MBAs were, on average, 29 years old. They were the cut-and-paste generation, the champions of Linux. Before going to the business school, they worked in corporations for an average of six years. They did so at a time when their bosses were trumpeting the brave new world of open source, where one's ability to aggregate (or rip off) other people's intellectual property was touted as a crucial competitive advantage.It's easy to imagine the explanations these MBAs, who are mulling an appeal, might come up with. Teaming up on a take-home exam: That's not academic fraud, it's postmodern learning, wiki style. Text-messaging exam answers or downloading essays onto iPods: That's simply a wise use of technology.One can understand the confusion. This is a generation that came of age nabbing music off Napster and watching bootlegged Hollywood blockbusters in their dorm rooms. "What do you mean?" you can almost hear them saying. "We're not supposed to share?"That's not to say that university administrators should ignore unethical behavior, if it in fact occurred. But in this wired world, maybe the very notion of what constitutes cheating has to be reevaluated. The scandal at Duke points to how much the world has changed, and how academia and corporations are confused about it all, sending split messages.We're told it's all about teamwork and shared information. But then we're graded and ranked as individuals. We assess everybody as single entities. But then weplop them into an interdependent world and tell them their success hinges on creative collaboration.The new culture of shared information is vastly different from the old, where hoarding information was power. But professors-and bosses, for that matter-need to be able to test individual ability. For all the talk about workforce teamwork, there are plenty of times when a person is on his or her own, arguing a case, preparing a profit and loss statement, or writing a research report.Still, many believe that a rethinking of the assessment process is in store. The Stanford University Design School, for example, is so collaborative that "it would be impossible to cheat," says D-school professor Robert I. Sutton. "If you found somebody to help you write an exam, in our view that's a sign of an inventive person who gets stuff done. If you found someone to do work for free who was committed to open source, we'd say, 'Wow, that was smart.' One group of students got the police to help them with a school project to build a roundabout where there were a lot of bike accidents. Is that cheating?"That's food for thought at a time when learning is becoming more and more of a social process embedded in a larger network. This is in no way a pass on those who consciously break the rules. With countries aping American business practices, a backlash against an ethically rudderless culture can't happen soon enough. But the saga at Duke raises an interesting question: In the age of Twitter, a social network that keeps users in constant streaming contact with one another, what is cheating?1. What is the author's attitude towards the student deception in Duke's business school?2. According to the author, what are the "split messages" sent by the academia and corporations (para. 5)?3. Why does the author cite the example of Stanford University Design School?【下半场阅读理解第二篇】Questions 4-6Many animals and plants threatened with extinction could be saved if scientistsspent more time talking with the native people whose knowledge of local species is dying out as fast as their languages are being lost.Potentially vital information about many endangered species is locked in the vocabulary and expressions of local people, yet biologists are failing to tap into this huge source of knowledge before it is lost for good, scientists said. "It seems logical that the biologists should go and talk to the indigenous people who know more about the local environment than anyone else," said David Harrison, an assistant professor of linguistics at Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania."Most of what humans know about ecosystems and species is not found in databases or libraries or written down anywhere. It's in people's heads. It's in purely oral traditions," Dr Harrison told the American Association for the Advancement of Science in San Francisco. "About 80 per cent of the animals and plants visible to the naked eye have not yet been classified by science. It doesn't mean they are unknown; it just means we have a knowledge gap."An estimated 7,000 languages are spoken in the world but more than half of them are dying out so fast that they will be lost completely by the end of the century as children learn more common languages, such as English or Spanish. He cited the example of a South American skipper butterfly, Astraptes fulgerator, which scientists thought was just one species until a DNA study three years ago revealed that it was in fact 10 different species whose camouflaged colouration made the adult forms appear " identical to one another.Yet if the scientists had spoken to the Tzeltal-speaking people of Mexico-descendants of the Maya-they might have leamt this information much sooner because Tzeltal has several descriptions of the butterflies based on the different kinds of caterpillar. "These people live on the territory of that butterfly habitat and in fact care very little about the adult butterfly but they have a very-fine grained classification for the larvae because the caterpillars affect their crops and their agriculture," Dr Harrison said."It's crucial for them to know which larva is eating which crop and at what time of year. Their survival literally depends on knowing that, whereas the adultbutterfly has no impact on their crops," he said. "There was a knowledge gap on both sides and if they had been talking to each other they might have figured out sooner that they were dealing with a species complex," he said."Indigenous people often have classification systems that are often more fine-grained and more precise than what Western science knows about species and their territories." Another example of local knowledge was shown by the Musqueam people of British Columbia in Canada, who have fished the local rivers for generations and describe the trout and the salmon as belonging to the same group.In 2003 they were vindicated when a genetic study revealed that the "trout" did in fact belong to the same group as Pacific salmon, Dr Harrison said. "It seems obvious that knowing more about species and ecosystems would put us in a better position to sustain those species and ecosystems," he said. "That's my argument, that the knowledge gap is vastly to the detriment of Western science. We know much less than we think we do."4. Why does the author say that indigenous languages hold the key to saving endangered species?5. What does Dr Harrison's example of a South American skipper butterfly tell us?6. Explain in your own words the author's conclusion "that the knowledge gap is vastly to the detriment of Western science. We know much less than we think we do."【下半场阅读理解第三篇】Questions 7-10Graduates from under-privileged backgrounds are to challenge the elitism of the barristers' profession, under plans outlined today. Reforms aimed at challenging the dominance of the rich and privileged classes which are disproportionately represented among the membership of the Bar will tackle the decline in students from poorer backgrounds joining the profession. They include financial assistance as well as measures to end the "intimidating environment" of the barristers' chambers which young lawyers must join if they want to train as advocates.The increasing cost of the Bar and a perception that it is run by a social elite has halted progress in the greater inclusion of barristers from different backgrounds. A number of high-profile barristers, including the prime minister's wife, Cherie Booth QC, have warned that without changes, the Bar will continue to be dominated by white, middle-class male lawyers.In a speech to the Social Mobility Foundation think tank in London this afternoon, Geoffrey Vos QC, Bar Council chairman, will say: "The Bar is a professional elite, by which I mean that the Bar's membership includes the best-quality lawyers practicing advocacy and offering specialist legal advice in many specialist areas. That kind of elitism is meritocratic, and hence desirable."Unfortunately, however, the elitism which fosters the high-quality services that the Bar stands for has also encouraged another form of elitism. That is elitism in the sense of exclusivity, exclusion, and in the creation of a profession which is barely accessible to equally talented people from less privileged backgrounds."Last month, Mr Vos warned that the future of the barristers' profession was threatened by an overemphasis on posh accents and public school education. Mr Vos said then that people from ordinary backgrounds were often overlooked in favour of those who were from a "snobby" background. People from a privileged background were sometimes recruited even though they were not up to the job intellectually, he added. In his speech today, Mr Vos will outline the "barriers to entry," to a career at the Bar and some of the ways in which these may be overcome.The Bar Council has asked the law lord, Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury, to examine how these barriers can be overcome, and he will publish his interim report and consultation paper before Easter. He is expected to propose a placement programme to enable gifted children from state schools to learn about the Bar, the courts and barristers at first hand.The Bar Council is also working towards putting together a new package of bank loans on favourable terms to allow young, aspiring barristers from poorer backgrounds to finance the Bar vocational course year and then have the financial ability to establish themselves in practice before they need to repay.These loans would be available alongside the Inns of Court's scholarship and awards programmes. Mr Vos will say today: "I passionately believe that the professions in general, and the Bar in particular, must be accessible to the most able candidates from any background, whatever their race, gender, or socioeconomic group. "The Bar has done well in attracting good proportions of women and racial minorities and we must be as positive in attracting people from all socioeconomic backgrounds."7. What is the "elitism of the barristers' profession" in the United Kingdom?8. What are the barriers for graduates from under-privileged families to become barristers?9. Give a brief summary of Bar Council chairman Geoffrey Vos's view on elitism of the barrister's profession.10. What are the measures of reform to help poorer graduates become barristers?【Translation Test(汉译英)】据说,上海男人是最好丈夫。
Money 昂立:9月高级口译听力NTGF原文
Ok, so we've been looking at the attitudes of various social and cultural groups towards the management of their personal finances; how important they feel it is to save money and what they save their money for.One aspect that we haven't yet considered is gender. So if when we considered gender issues, we are basically asking whether men and women have different attitudes towards saving money and whether they save money for different things.Back in 1928, the British writer George Bernard Shaw wrote in his Intelligent Women's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism that a man is supposed to understand politics, economics and finance, and is therefore unwilling to accept essential instruction. He also said a woman, having fewer pretensions, is far more willing to learn. Now, though these days people might question a lot of the assumptions contained in those statements, recent research does suggest that there are some quite fundamental differences between men and women in their attitudes to economic matters.Let's look at what men and women actually save for. Research studies of women in North America have found that women are far more likely to save for their children's education. And they are also more likely to save up to buy a house one day. The same studies have found that men, on the other hand, tend to save for a car, which by the way, takes a surprisingly large amount of the household budget in North America. But the other main priority for men when saving money is their retirement. When they are earning, they are far more likely to put their money aside for their old age than women are. Now this is rather disturbing because in fact the need for women to save for their old age is far greater than for men. Let's consider this for a moment. To start with, it is a fact that, throughout the world, women are likely to live many years longer than men. So they need money to support them during this time. Since women are likely to be the ones left without a partner in old age, they may therefore have to pay for nursing care because they don't have a spouse to look after them. Furthermore, the high divorce rates in North America are creating a poverty cycle for women. It is the divorced woman who will most often have to look after the children, and thus they need more money to look after not just themselves but others.So what can be done about the situation? The population in North America is likely to contain an increasing number of elderly women. The research indicates that at present for women it takes a crisis to make them think about their future financial situation. But of course this is the very worst time for anyone to make important decisions. Women today need to look ahead, think ahead, not wait until they're under pressure. Even women in their early twenties need to think about pensions, for example. And with increasing numbers of women in professional positions, there're signs that this is beginning to happen. Then research also suggests that women avoid dealing effectively with their economic situation because of a lack of confidence. The best way for them to overcome this is by getting themselves properly informed, so they're less dependent on other people's advice. A number of initiatives have been set up to help them do this. This college, for example, is one of the educational institutions which offers night classes in Money Management, and increasing numbers of women are enrolling on such courses. Here they can be given advice on different ways of saving. Many women are unwilling to invest in stocks and shares, for instance, but these can be extremely profitable. It is usually advised that at least 70% of a person's savings should be in low-risk investments. But for the rest, financial advisers often advise taking some well-informed risks. Initiatives such as this can give women the economic skills and knowledge they need for a comfortable, independent retirement.。
2012年9月高级口译考试真题答案及解析(完整版)
2012年9月高级口译考试真题+答案+解析(完整版)Spot Dictation:Hunger and food insecurity have been called America’s “hidden crisis.” At the same time, and apparently paradoxically, obesity has been declared a serious epidemic. Both obesity and hunger (and, more broadly, food insecurity) are serious public health problems, sometimes co-existing in the same families and the same individuals. Their existence sounds contradictory, but those with insufficient resources to purchase adequate food can still be overweight, for reasons that researchers now are beginning to understand.The apparent paradox of expanding wastelands and persistent hunger and food insecurity in America is driven in part by the economics of buying food. Households without money to buy enough food first change their purchasing in eating habits, relying on cheaper high-calorie foods over more expensive neutral rich foods before they cut back on the amount of food. In order to cope with limited money for food and to stave off hunger, families try to maximize calories-intake for each dollar spent, which can lead to over-consumptions of calories and a less healthful diet.Research among low-income families shows that mothers first sacrifice their own nutrition by restricting their food intake during periods of food insufficiency in order to protect their children from hunger. The resulting chronic ups and downs in food intake can contribute, over the long run, to obesity among low-income women.Dr. Larry Brown, executive director of the Center on Hunger and Poverty, reported, "A growing body of research shows that hunger and obesity pose a dual threat for some people. We need to better understand this relationship if our nation is to grapple with these parallel threats to the well-being of Americans. We particularly need to avoid damaging policy prescriptions that assume hunger and obesity cannot coexist."Renowned food experts and scientists call for a reform agenda to address both hunger and obesity. According to James Wells, president of the Food Research and Action Center, an agenda that seriously tackles hunger and obesity among the poor must address their common roots. Those roots include food insecurity and the impact of poverty. One answer is increased access to income supports and nutrition programs so that more families have sufficient resources to obtain healthier diets.评析:本文选自《The Paradox of Hunger and Obesity in America》和《Hunger, obesity: two sides of same coin.》,命题者对两篇文章的内容进行了节选和组合,组成了一篇听写段落。
2010年9月高级口译真题与答案课件
2010年9月高级口译考试真题与答案【Spot Dictation】We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve developed technology that gets us so much information that we’ve got cell phones ringing every second. We’ve got computers and laptops. We’ve got personal organizers. And we’re just being bombarded with communication and every advancing technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are thought of over-whelmed by the information flow.Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains work better and faster, producing a world-wide increase in IQ up to 20 points and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in all these mental gymnastics we now have to go through? We are not becoming a race of global idiots, but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to make fast decisions, to answer a dozen emails in 5 minutes or to fill out maybe big ap titude text. That’s enhanced.But when someone is out there with his kids laying in his little league, or something like that, he’s got his cell phone in his pocket, he is always wondering: “Jeez, did I get a voicemail?” This might have negative effects on our own brains patterns. Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just noodling around, just playing. When it puts together ideas which you haven’t thought of, or maybe you have time to read a book. You are a business person but you have time to read a book about history or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago, or something or some ideas, some default of long ago.Actually, it might occur to you that you can think of your own business in that way. And so if this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your productivity, feeds your creativity, and if your mind is disciplined to answer every email, then you don’t have time for that playful noodling, you don’t have time for those unexpected conjunctions. So I think maybe we are getting smarter in some senses, but over communication is a threat to our creativity and to our reflection.【Listening Comprehension】Listening Comprehension 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.M: You know in designing this new town, we try to look backward at small town in America, and take the best of those planning elements. Houses close together, sidewalks from the porches, tree-lined streets, easy non-automobile-dependent access to the town center and to your neighbors and to the school and the other institutions that are vital. And we’ve tried to take some of those ideas and update them and come out with a livable, workable place where people can go and re-kindle the sense of community that seems to be missing from suburbs all across the country. W: So give us a sense of how these new towns are designed.M: Houses are all very close together. We were just 10 feet apart from our neighbors on either side of us. And that’s pretty much the standard for the town. So, you have houses that are close together, houses that surround open areas. They have a lot of big parks, a lot of common areas. The theory is that you are willing to sacrificial private yards base. You don’t need a quarter of an acre or half an acre. If you have a public area where you can go and enjoy the facilities there. And, most importantly, you can interact with your neighbors. That helps to create the sense of community. That’s so important to many of these new town developments.W: Now I see this whole sense of community. It’s going to be a new town, but we are going to do it with the sense of nostalgia for the past, like, a lot of the houses had porches.M: yes, it would create a front-porch culture, that people would be out on their porches, talking to their neighbors next door, and to people walking down the street, or people riding their bikes. And that would be this culture that existed 40, 50 or 60 years ago. But that really has been one of the failures that we observed during our 2 years in this new town. And the people don’t spend very much time at all on their front porches. There are a couple of things going on. One is this central Florida and it’s hotter than hell a god part of the year. And sitting on your front porch, even if you have a fun going, can be a very uncomfortable thing. People prefer to be inside in the air-conditioning.W: What were some of the rules you had to live by in the new project? And did any of these rules bother you?M: well, the developer and I have different feelings about rules. His feeling is, if I can summarize these feelings for him, that you move in then knowing the rules, and if you don’t like them, you shouldn’t move in. I have some problems with rules. I just sometimes like to break them. And They just bother me because of their inexistence. But the rules sometimes were silly and sometimes weren’t. They dictated what colo r your curtains could be facing this street, and actually asked a woman with red curtains to remove them.W: really? Is that true?M: And they dictated where you could park your car and for how long. They dictated any sort of thing you could attach to you r house. You couldn’t attach a satellite dish to your house, they dictated forever the color of your house. And they dictate how often you have to repaint your house. They try to go a step further and remove plastic flowers and plastic furniture from that all important front porches. Some rules seem to go a little too far.Questions:1. What are the two speakers talking about?2. There are several planning elements for recreating a sense of community. Which of the following is not one of these elements?3. According to the conversation, what can we learn about the so-called front porch culture?4. Which of the following is not one of the rules that the residents have to live by?5. What does the man think of these rules according to the conversation?Listening Comprehension 2Question 6 to 10 are based on the following newsNew York, USThe biggest Wall Street banks slashed their small business loan portfolios by 9% between 2008 and 2009, more than double the rate at which they cut their overall lending, according to agovernment report released Thursday.The Congressional Oversight Panel report spotlights the role banks, especially the largest ones, played in the credit crunch that has plagued small companies throughout the recession."Big banks pulled back on everyone, but they pulled back harder on small businesses," Elizabeth Warren, the panel's chairwoman.Warren's oversight committee was established to keep tabs on the federal government's financial stabilization effort. The committee's May report focuses on the role her committee played in improving credit access for small companies.Madrid, SpainThe European Union eases trade with Latin America at Madrid summitThe EU plans to boost trade with Latin America despite warnings from some European ministers and farmers, who fear unfair competition.EU negotiations with the Mercosur trade bloc, frozen since 2004, will reopen. The Mercosur group embraces Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Trade deals were also reached with Central America, Peru and Colombia, following marathon talks in Madrid. EU Commission president Jose Manuel Barroso said, “We have opened a ground-breaking chapter in the EU relationship with our Latin America and Caribbean partners.” The EU is pursuing regional trade agreements while global trade talks - the so-called Doha Round - have failed to make progress.Tripoli, LibyaMembers of a Dutch family are on their way to Libya after being told that the sole survivor of the plane crash that killed 103 people might be their relative. A member of the Dutch family told the media that officials had told her family the child being treated at a hospital in Tripoli might be her grandson, 9-year-old Ruben van Assouw.The Dutch foreign ministry confirmed that two presumed family members of the injured child were on their way to Tripoli.Ruben had been on safari in South Africa with his brother, mother and father. All of whomperished in the crash, said the newspaper.Sixty-one Dutch citizens were believed killed when the MA Flight 230 from Johannesburg to Tripoli crashed on landing in clear weather at 6am. The Times understands that seven passengers had been due to fly on to London. Two of the dead were Britons and one was Irish.London, the United KingdomTarget Corp posted a higher quarterly profit as consumers loosened their wallets to spend on items including clothing and electronics.The discount retailer said profit was $671 million in the first fiscal quarter that ended May 1, compared with $522 million a year earlier.Target has benefited from consumers becoming a bit more willing to spend on discretionary items such as clothing and home furnishings.The company previously said that sales at stores open at least a year rose 2.8 percent in the first quarter.Bonn, GermanyFears of greater financial regulation across Europe hammered stocks after German measures aimed at limiting speculation were taken to smack of desperation.Stock markets were unnerved by Germany's unilateral ban on certain naked shorts announced late on Tuesday. And the euro suffered a kneejerk reaction, falling more than 1 percent against the yen, as investors saw foreign exchange as the only way to bet against the euro zone.World stocks were down 1.43 percent whilst the more volatile emerging markets index fell 2.64 percent.There were also fears that the debt crisis was about to worsen as some believed Germany's move smacked of desperation.Questions:6. What did the Wall Street banks do between 2008 and 2009 as reported in the news?7. What did the European Union plan to do at the Madrid Summit?8. How many people were killed when the passenger plane from Johannesburg to Tripoli crashed on landing?9. How much profit did Target Corp make in the first quarter of the year?10. What did Germany’s rece nt financial measures aim at?Listening Comprehension 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.Man: When most couples married, they may discuss some things in advance like how many children they want or where they want to live. But most of the day-to-day details or problems of married life work out after marriage. Not so with Steven Karen Parsons who have a 15-page prenuptial agreement that states the rules they must follow in almost every aspect of their married life. Today, Karen is here with us.Man: Karen, first I’d like to ask you why you decided to write this agreement. You’ve both bee n married before. Am I right?Woman: Yes, I’ve been married twice and Steve was married once before. So we have some experience about what goes wrong in a marriage.Man: And that’s why you wrote this agreement.Woman: Yes, we found that many problems happen when a person has different expectations from his or her spouse. We want to talk about everything openly and honestly before we start living together. Also, we both know how important it is to respect each other’s quotes. We’re all bothered by things that seems small to someone else, like it used to really bother me when my ex-husband let his dirty clothes on the floor. So we put that in the agreement: dirty clothing must be put in a laundry bag. Now Steve knows what my expectations are.Man: I’m sure that some people hearing this report will think this contract isn’t very romantic. Woman: Well, we disagree. We think it’s very romantic. Disag reement shows that we set down and talked and really try to understand the other person. A lot of problems occur in a marriage because people don’t talk about what they want. That’s right. When we disagree about something, we workout solution. That’s good for both of us. I’d much rather do that than get some romantic gifts like flowers or candy.Man: Some of these rules sound like, well, a business agreement. Many of your rules concern money in some way, even the rules about having children.Woman: In our experience, disagreements about money can cause a lot of problems, so we talked about how we want to spend our money and put that in the agreement as well.Man: So do you spend a lot of time checking on each other to see if the rules are being followed? Woman: No, not at all. And we don’t argue about them, either. As a matter of fact I think we spend less time arguing than most couples. Because we both know what the other person expects. We can spend our time doing things we enjoy and just being with each other.Man: What happens if one of you breaks the rule.?Woman: We don’t think that will be a problem. No, becaus e we do agree on these rules.Man: But what if, say, you don’t want to cook di nner one night, what happens?Woman: Well, we talk about it and reach a compromise. Maybe there’s a good reason.Man: But if you break a lot of rules all the time?Woman: Then we have to ask ‘Is this marriage really working?’ Because if we can’t follow all our own agreement. There’s no point making it.Man: So it sounds like you two are happy with this agreement. Do you think other couples should follow your example and write the prenuptial agreement of their own?Woman: “So a lot of work to write an agreement, but I think it could be useful to a lot of people. Maybe there would be fewer divorces if everyone did this.Questions:11. About which of the following topics is the woman been interviewed?12. What can we learn about the man and the woman from the interview?13. According to the woman, why did so many problems happen in a marriage?14. What does the woman think of this contract?15. What happens if one of the couple sometimes breaks a rule of the contract?Listening Comprehension 4Question 16-20 are based on the following talk.Different cultures often have entirely different perceptions of time. The cultural anthropologist Edward T Hall popularized the idea that cultures use time and view time in very different ways. The idea of the past, present and future and the whole concept of scheduling or managing time can be so different that it leads to cross-cultural miscommunications. In his 1990 book,The Dance of Life, Hall writes time is one of the fundamental bases, on which all cultures rest, and around which all activities revolve. Understanding the difference between monochronic time and polychronic time is essential to success. Hall's notion of monochronism and polychronism can be understood as follows: monochronic time is linear, events scheduled one at a time, one event following another. To a monochronic culture, this type of schedule is valued over interpersonal relationships.On the other hand, polychronic time is characterized by many things happening simultaneously. In addition, interpersonal relationships are highly valued in polychronic cultures. Hall's theory is that monochronic time can be found primarily in North American and northern European cultures. These cultures emphasize schedules, punctuality and preciseness. They also emphasize doing things. They are cultures that value productivity, that value getting things done on time. They view time as something that can be lost, killed or wasted. Or conversely, they view as something that can or should be managed, planed and used efficiently. Polychronic time, on the other hand, can be found primarily in Latin American, African, and Native American cultures. Their conception of time is more connected to natural rhythms. It is connected to the earth, to the seasons. This makes sense when we consider that natural events can occur spontaneously, sporadically or concurrently. Polychronic cultures view time as being somewhat flexible. Since life isn't so predictable, scheduling and being processed simply isn't that important. In addition, relationships with people are valued more than making schedules. There is more value placed on being than on doing.Different cultural perceptions of time can lead to conflict, especially in the business world. The idea of being late versus on time for a meeting, for example, might differ widely between anAmerican business person and a Brazilian. The American business person might be far less tolerant of a Brazilian's late arrival. However, the Brazilian business person might be offended by an American's insistence on punctuality, or on getting right down to business. The Brazilian would generally prefer to finish talking with colleagues first and would not want to cut conversation short in order to make an appointment. Some traditional time management programs used in the business world might not translate well in another culture. Traditional time management programs in the business world emphasize to-do-list and careful scheduling. They are monochronic. However, a business in a polychronic culture might not adjust well to that system. Companies, who impose those monochronic systems on places of business in polychronic cultures, might be guilty of ethno-centrism, which means making their own ethnical cultural values central and not valuing other values. Edward Hall's theory of monochronic and polychronic cultures has been challenged by some critics. Some people think it is overly general. They argue that within any culture group we might find people who think of time differently.In other words, a primarily polychronic culture might have both monochronic and polychronic types of people. The same diversity among individuals might be found in a primarily monochronic culture. Critics of anthropologist like Edward Hall feel that it is more useful to think of time differences among individuals, not just between culture groups.Questions:16. Which of the following topics is the person talking about?17. What can we learn about Monochronism from the cultural anthropologist Edward T Hall?18. Which of the following statements apply to Polychronism according to Edward Hall?19. In the business world, who would prefer to finish talking with colleagues before keeping an appointment?20. Edward Hall's theory has been challenged by some critics. What do these critics think of his theory?【上半场阅读理解第一篇】Congress began 2010 with a bad case of legislative déjàvu. Last year, it approved a $787billion stimulus package meant to "create or save" millions of jobs. President Obama says the stimulus has saved or created as many as 2 million jobs so far. But even if that highly optimistic figure is true, in the real world, over 3 million jobs have been lost since the stimulus was signed into law – a dismal feat all financed with enormous debt. Now Congress is working on another stimulus package, but they're calling it a jobs bill. In December, the House passed a $174 billion "Jobs for Main Street Bill" that would use federal dollars to fund job-creating infrastructure projects, while extending unemployment benefits. Sound familiar?Unemployment remains at about 10 percent and state unemployment insurance funds are running out of money. While the Obama administration works to artificially inflate the number of jobs, the unemployed face diminished opportunities and income security. By 2012, 40 state unemployment trust funds are projected to be empty, requiring $90 billion in federal loans to continue operating. Normally, state unemployment benefits pay jobless workers between 50 and 70 percent of their salaries for up to 26 weeks. But during this recession, Congress has extended those benefits four times. The result is that some workers can now claim benefits for 99 weeks. Now Congress may enact a record fifth extension. What would be wrong with that? Everything. The state-federal unemployment insurance program (UI) is an economic drag on businesses and states. And it's a poor safety net for the unemployed.UI, a relic of the Great Depression, fails workers when they need it most. UI trust funds depend on a state-levied payroll tax on employers. During boom years, these funds are generally flush. But during recessions, they can get depleted quickly. The bind is that to replenish their UI fund, states have to raise payroll taxes. That hurts the bottom line for businesses both large and small. Passed on to workers as a lower salary, high payroll taxes discourage businesses from hiring. During steep recessions, states face a fiscal Catch-22: Reduce benefits or raise taxes. To date, 27 states have depleted their UI funds and are using $29 billion in federal loans they'll have to start repaying in 2011. Other states are slashing benefits. While federal guidelines recommend that states keep one year's worth of unemployment reserves, many states entered the recession already insolvent. When federal loans are exhausted, the only option left is higher payroll taxes – a move sure to discourage hiring and depress salaries.The increasingly small and uncertain payouts of UI are the opposite of income security. Theeffect of UI's eight-decade experiment has been to condition workers to save less for a "rainy day" and instead rely on a system that provides no guarantee. UI limits personal responsibility to save; gradually, individuals find themselves in financial peril. Real reform requires putting employees in charge with individual private accounts and getting the government out of the business of creating illusionary safety nets.Unemployment Insurance Savings Accounts (UISA), by contrast, give workers control of their own income, eliminating the negative effects of the UI program on businesses and budgets. Adopted by Chile in 2003, UISAs are also financed via a payroll tax on individual workers and employers. The difference is the money is directly deposited into the individual worker's account. Basically a form of forced savings, UISAs allow individuals to draw on their own accounts during periods of unemployment and roll unused funds into their savings upon retirement. With the burden reduced on employers, wages rise, leading to greater contributions to the individual's fund. The federal government is removed from the picture, and all workers are guaranteed a savings account upon retirement.UISAs liberate workers from uncertainty and improve incentives. When unemployed workers must rely on their own funds rather than the common fiscal pool, they find jobs faster. Congress's repeated extensions of the current UI program may be well intended, but they may also be counterproductive. Like any deadline extension, additional jobless benefits diminish the job seeker's urgency, all at taxpayers' expense.Today, expanded UI benefits mean higher state payroll taxes, which make it harder for employers to expand hiring or raise wages. UISAs, on the other hand, make the payroll tax on business part of the employer's investment in an individual worker, rather than a penalty for doing business. In 2010, it's time to say goodbye to the problems created by broken policies. Congress should start this decade with a promise for true economic freedom: Let businesses create jobs and let workers keep what they've earned.【上半场阅读理解第二篇】LIKE the space telescope he championed, astronomer Lyman Spitzer faced some perilousmoments in his career. Most notably, on a July day in 1945, he happened to be in the Empire State building when a B-25 Mitchell bomber lost its way in fog and crashed into the skyscraper 14 floors above him. Seeing debris falling past the window, his curiosity got the better of him, as Robert Zimmerman recounts in his Hubble history, The Universe in a Mirror. Spitzer tried to poke his head out the window to see what was going on, but others quickly convinced him it was too dangerous.Spitzer was not the first astronomer to dream of sending a telescope above the distorting effects of the atmosphere, but it was his tireless advocacy, in part, that led NASA to launch the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990. Initially jubilant, astronomers were soon horrified to discover that Hubble's 2.4-metre main mirror had been ground to the wrong shape. Although it was only off by 2.2 micrometres, this badly blurred the telescope's vision and made the scientists who had promised the world new images and science in exchange for $1.5 billion of public money the butt of jokes. The fiasco, inevitably dubbed "Hubble Trouble" by the press, wasn't helped when even the limited science the crippled Hubble could do was threatened as its gyroscopes, needed to control the orientation of the telescope, started to fail one by one.By 1993, as NASA prepared to launch a rescue mission, the situation looked bleak. The telescope "probably wouldn't have gone on for more than a year or two" without repairs, says John Grunsfeld, an astronaut who flew on the most recent Hubble servicing mission. Happily, the rescue mission was a success. Shuttle astronauts installed new instruments that corrected for the flawed mirror, and replaced the gyroscopes. Two years later, Hubble gave us the deepest ever view of the universe, peering back to an era just 1 billion years after the big bang to see the primordial building blocks that aggregated to form galaxies like our own.The success of the 1993 servicing mission encouraged NASA to mount three more (in 1997, 1999 and 2002). Far from merely keeping the observatory alive, astronauts installed updated instruments on these missions that dramatically improved Hubble's power. It was "as if you took in your Chevy Nova [for repairs] and they gave you back a Lear jet," says Steven Beckwith, who from 1998 to 2005 headed the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland, where Hubble's observations are planned. Along the way, in 1998, Hubble's measurements of supernovas in distant galaxies unexpectedly revealed that the universe is expanding at anever-increasing pace, propelled by a mysterious entity now known as dark energy. In 2001 the space observatory also managed to make the first measurement of a chemical in the atmosphere of a planet in an alien solar system.Despite its successes, Hubble's life looked like it would be cut short when in 2004, NASA's then administrator Sean O'Keefe announced the agency would send no more servicing missions to Hubble, citing unacceptable risks to astronauts in the wake of the Columbia shuttle disaster of 2003, in which the craft exploded on re-entry, killing its crew. By this time, three of Hubble's gyroscopes were already broken or ailing and no one was sure how long the other three would last. Citizen petitions and an outcry among astronomers put pressure on NASA, and after a high-level panel of experts declared that another mission to Hubble would not be exceptionally risky, the agency reversed course, leading to the most recent servicing mission, in May 2009.No more are planned. The remainder of the shuttle fleet that astronauts used to reach Hubble is scheduled to retire by the year's end. And in 2014, NASA plans to launch Hubble's successor, an infrared observatory called the James Webb Space Telescope, which will probe galaxies even further away and make more measurements of exoplanet atmospheres.According to Grunsfeld, now STScI's deputy director, plans are afoot for a robotic mission to grab Hubble when it reaches the end of its useful life, nudging it into Earth's atmosphere where most of it would be incinerated. Only the mirror is sturdy enough to survive the fall into an empty patch of ocean.But let's not get ahead of ourselves - Hubble is far from finished. The instruments installed in May 2009, including the Wide Field Camera 3, which took this image of the Butterfly nebula, 3800 light years away, have boosted its powers yet again. It might have as much as a decade of life left even without more servicing. "It really is only reaching its full stride now, after 20 years," says Grunsfeld.A key priority for Hubble will be to explore the origin of dark energy by probing for it at earlier times in the universe's history. Hubble scientist Malcolm Niedner of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, is not willing to bet on what its most important discovery will be. "More than half of the most amazing textbook-changing science to emerge from this telescope occurred in areas we couldn't even have dreamed of," he says. "Expect the。
2010年9月高口汉译英原文1
2010年9月高口汉译英原文、答案和解析高口汉译英答案及解析我们应该牢记国际金融危机的深刻教训,正本清源,对症下药,本着简单易行、便于问责的原则推进国际金融监管改革,建立有利于实体经济发展的国际金融体系。
要强调国际监管核心原则和标准的一致性,同时要充分考虑不同国家金融市场的差异性,提高金融监管的针对性和有效性。
We should bear in mind the profound lessens of the international financial crisis so as to promote international financial regulatory reform and establish international financial system conducive to the development of the entity economy based on the principles of simplicity, enforceability and accountability by tracing the proper origin and suiting the remedy to the situation. Emphasis should be placed on the consistency of core principles and standards of international regulatory while differences in financial markets of different countries should be fully taken into account in order to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of financial supervision.我们要牢牢把握强劲、可持续、平衡增长三者的有机统一。
9月英语高级口译真题+答案(2)
9月英语高级口译真题+答案(2)SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C)or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.It’s not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced,” says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to hav e much. They say thatby instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer from an emotional or learning disability, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure t hat conveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. “Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term,” says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor a t Stanford. “You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.” Over the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. “The message is that everything is within the kids’ control, that their intelligence is malleable,” says Lisa Blackwell, a re search scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’ interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, “parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, strategy and progress rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’ or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for thedisappearance of drive in some kids. “These program s shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’s academic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,” says Michael Nakkua l, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A)Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B)How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C)Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D)Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students’ ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________.(A)stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B)cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C)enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D)making them understand their family crisis3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A)A sudden lack of motivation is attribute d to the student’s failure.(B)Book knowledge is not as important as practical experience.(C)Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D)To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4. The word “malleable” in the clause “that their intelligence is malleable,” (para.3)most probably means capable of being ________.(A)altered and developed(B)blocked and impaired(C)sharpened and advanced(D)replaced and transplanted5. The expression “to disabuse them of the notion” (para.4)can be paraphrased as ________.(A)to free them of the idea(B)to help them understand the idea(C)to imbue them with the notion(D)to inform them of the conceptQuestions 6-10Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods.What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment-to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics-the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors” might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform it s test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,” said Google attorney Nicole Wong.DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.)Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the re quest has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the oppositionhas said all along-you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,” says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ’s Miller, “I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the pr oper authorities.” Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a window into people’s personalities,” says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attorney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”6. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’ search behavior, the major intention is _________.(A)to protect national security(B)to help protect personal freedom(C)to monitor Internet pornography(D)to implement the Child Online Protection Act7. Google refused to turn over “its proprietary information”(para.2)required byDOJ as it believes that ________.(A)it is not involved in the court case(B)users’ privacy is most important(C)the government has violated the First Amendment(D)search terms is the company’s business secret8. The phrase “scaled back to” in the sentence“the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries” (para.3)can be replaced by _________.(A)maximized to(B)minimized to(C)returned to(D)reduced to9. In the sentence “One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4), the expression “sink its own case” most probably means that _________.(A)counterattack the opposition(B)lead to blocking of porn sites(C)provide evidence to disprove the case(D)give full ground to support the case10. When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.” (para.5), the expression “Big Brother” is used to refer to _________.(A)a friend or relative showing much concern(B)a colleague who is much more experienced(C)a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D)a benevolent and democratic organization。
英语翻译高级口译-高级阅读(一)
英语翻译高级口译-高级阅读(一)(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、{{B}}SECTION 1 READING TEST{{/B}}(总题数:4,分数:50.00)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A. B. C. or D. to each question. "They treat us like mules," the guy installing my washer tells me, his eyes narrowing as he wipes his hands, I had just complimented him and his partner on the speed and assurance of their work. He explains that it's rare that customers speak to him this way. I know what he's talking about. My mother was a waitress all her life, in coffee shops and fast-paced chain restaurants. It was hard work, but she liked it, liked "being among the public", as she would say. But that work had its sting, too—the customer who would treat her like a servant or, her biggest complaint, like she was not that bright.There's a lesson here for this political season: the subtle andnot-so-subtle insults that blue-collar and service workers endure as part of their working lives. And those insults often have to do with intelligence.We like to think of the United States as a classless society. The belief in economic mobility is central to the American Dream, and we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism. But we also have a troubling streak of aristocratic bias in our national temperament, and one way it manifests itself is in the assumptions we make about people who work with their hands. Working people sense this bias and react to it when they vote. The common political wisdom is that hot-button social issues have driven blue-collar voters rightward. But there are other cultural dynamics at play as well. And Democrats can be as oblivious to these dynamics as Republicans—though the Grand Old Party did appeal to them in St. Paul. Let's go back to those two men installing my washer and dryer. They do a lot of heavy lifting quickly—mine was the first of 15 deliveries—and efficiently, to avoid injury. Between them there is ongoing communication, verbal and nonverbal, to coordinate the lift, negotiate the tight fit, move in rhythm with each other. And all the while, they are weighing options, making decisions and solving problems—as when my new dryer didn't match up with the gas outlet.Think about what a good waitress has to do in the busy restaurant: rememberorders and monitor them, attend to a dynamic, quickly changing environment, prioritize tasks and manage the flow of work, make decisions on the fly. There's the carpenter using a number of mathematical concepts—symmetry, proportion, congruence, the properties of angles—and visualizing these concepts while building a cabinet, a flight of stairs, or a pitched roof. The hairstylist's practice is a mix of technique, knowledge about the biology of hair, aesthetic judgment, and communication skill. The mechanic, electrician, and plumber are troubleshooters and problem solvers. Even the routinized factory floor calls for working smarts. When has any of this made its way into our political speeches? From either party. Even on Labor Day.Last week, the GOP masterfully invoked some old cultural suspicions: country folk versus city and east-coast versus heartland education. But these are symbolic populist gestures, not the stuff of true engagement. Judgments about intelligence carry great weight in our society, and we have a tendency to make sweeping assessments of people's intelligence based on the kind of work they do.Political tributes to labor over the next two months will render the muscled arm, sleeve rolled tight against biceps. But few will also celebrate the thought bright behind the eye, or offer an image that links hand and brain. It would be fitting in a country with an egalitarian vision of itself to have a truer, richer sense of all that is involved in the wide range of work that surrounds and sustains us.Those politicians who can communicate that sense will tap a deep reserve of neglected feeling. And those who can honor and use work in explaining and personalizing their policies will find a welcome reception.(分数:12.50)(1).To illustrate the intelligence of the working class, the author cites the examples of all of the following EXCEPT ______.∙ A. hairstylist and waitress∙ B. carpenter and mechanic∙ C. electrician and plumber∙ D. street cleaner and shop assistant(分数:2.50)A.B.C.D. √解析:[解析] 对文章基本内容的理解,具体内容见第四至六段。
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9月高级口译阅读第一篇原文(昂立)2011年秋季上海中高级口译考试将于9月18日开考,为了帮助考生朋友第一时间得知自己的考试情况,考试大将会在考后第一时间为您发布9月18日上海中高级口译考试真题及答案,敬请关注!本文为2011年9月高级口译阅读原文第一篇。
Great to see the article I’d written on the role of charities in health published this morning. It reads well (he says modestly!). Here it is in case you missed it;Charities can offer better service than the NHSStop arguing over private or public delivery on health and choose what is best for patientsSt John’s Hospital in Bath was established in 1180 to provide healing and homes by the bubbling spa springs for the poor and infirm. The charity is still there 830 years later: a much valued health and care service for the elderly.This demonstrates our country’s great charitable tradition in health. The Government’s desire to put citizens and patients first is both core to the current health reforms and a guiding mission for the country’s great charities and social enterprises. The words of the Health Secretary, Andrew Lansley, “no decision about me, without me”, are our driving passion.We have a dual role: to deliver health services, undertake research and provide care and compassion to those most in need; and to act as an advocate and adviser. We are sometimes a challenger of the health establishment and always a doughty champion for patients.For these reforms to be a success we must ensure a much stronger role for the third sector. That is why we strongly support the policy of “any willing provider”. The previous Government was profoundly mistaken in pursuing a policy of the NHS as“preferred provider”, which implied that services from our sector were less valued than the State’s. In fact, through a big expansion of the role of charities and social enterprises in providing care, we can provide more cost-effective and citizen-focused services.This is not about privatisation. What matters is what is delivered, not who delivers it. This must be at the heart of health service reform.Charities can offer a better deal in so many ways. In 2008 the NHS spent just over 0.05 per cent of its healthcare budget through charities. In other words this is a virtually untapped resource waiting to be used.To me, competition in the NHS means British Red Cross volunteers being able to help more people to adapt to life at home after a lengthy spell in hospital, so preventing the need for readmission. Those who get this support are often aged over 65 and have experienced a fall. V olunteers bring them home, settle them in, advise neighbours or relatives of their return, check on pets, help to prepare a meal and make a further visit to ensure that they are safe and well. Such schemes can save the typical NHS commissioner up to 1 million a year.Competition in the NHS would also mean an environmental charity such as BTCV running more “green gyms”, which give people a physical workout while taking part in environmental projects. So far, more than 10,000 people — often referred by GPs —have taken part. An evaluation found that the positive impact on mental and physical health, not to mention the acquisition of new skills, means that the State saves 153 for every 100 it invests. On top of that, it has a positive impact on local communities and the environment. Do we want less of this or more? I suspect that for most of us the answer is obvious.Those who rely most on the NHS are the vulnerable, the very people charities were set up to help, precisely because they were being let down by the status quo. If groups such as the Red Cross and BTCV can do a better job than the NHS, we should let them.Promoting wellbeing and preventing ill health have for too long been neglected aspects of the NHS’s role. These reforms rightly put emphasis on public health. Giving a role in health back to local councils is long overdue. The new health and wellbeing boards may provide the opportunity to get more resources behind public health as well as, for the first time, giving elected councillors the chance to scrutinise NHS resources. Preventing diabetes through better education, diet and exercise is always a better approach than picking up the costs of a growing number of people with diabetes. Charities such as Diabetes UK, working with councils and GPs, are critical to achieving that.Of course there are challenges in introducing reforms. Of course proper funding is crucial. We want to ensure that there is a strategic approach to commissioning, including national guidelines. We want the new GP consortia to take full advantage of the opportunity to expand their work with our sector.The challenge we face as a country is to build on the sure foundations of our NHS to provide service that recognises and expands the work of charities, promotes partnerships between State, third and private sectors and moves on from arcane arguments over privatisation.And The Times also had a brilliant summary of the problems of Big Society and how to solve them by Phil Collins and a great letter from my Chair in response to the Francis Maude MP article.I’m blogging from H M Treasury where the Prime Minister has been announcing new procurement and commissioning arrangements to free up the process for SMEs and charities and social enterprises. He was clear that we are part of the SME community and contracting has to be changed so that we can bid easier and better. He must have mentioned charities some 10 times in his speech and even referred to me directly. Then shook my hand on the way out! I made the point to him that we welcome the initiatives and I referred to Chris White MP’s Social Clause Bill and how important that is.And now the weekend beckons. Though I’m spending Sunday morning on Sky News. There you go; no rest for the wicked!。