复习课程--专题二：名词性从句 主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句

名词性从句知识结构图解

定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses). 名词性从句包括主语,宾语,表语,同位语从句.

h,等.在从句

等在从句中做状语成分。

Do you know who he is? (从句中缺表语,指人)

)

That she was chosen made a great stir (轰动) in her school.

: ①it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

形容词+ that-从句It is necessary / important that….…是有必要/ 重要的….

分词+ that-从句It is universally acknowledged that../ It is known that…众所周知…

名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge/ a fact that………是常识/事实

不及物动词+ that-分句It happens that…碰巧.. / It occurs to sb.that…突然想起……

主语从句②It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

强调句：It is in the morning that the murder took place.(去掉该结构后,句子成分完整)

主语从句：It was a pity that you shouldn’t go to see the film.（在句子中作主语成分）

③whatever /whichever/ whoever引导主语从句的区别

Whatever 是what的强调形式表示“无论什么”相当于anything that…

Whatever / Anything that she does is wrong.

whoever 是who的强调形式，表示‘无论谁’相当于anyone who….

Whoever / Anyone who walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.

whichever ‘无论哪个;无论哪些’,既指人,又指物. 可修饰名词与of连用

Whichever book you borrow doesn’t matter to us.

Whichever of us fulfills his task will lend a hand to others.

定义：在复合句中充当宾语功能的句子叫宾语从句

We can learn what we didn’t know.

We find it necessary that we (should) practice English every day.

★某些作表语的形容词，如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后可带宾语从句

I am glad that you can come and help me.

wish/would rather后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。

I wish I had finished my homework yesterday. I’d rather you had been there yesterday

②在表示建议,命令, 请求的词后面的宾语从句当中用should + V, should可以省略

宾语从句His pale face suggested that he was ill so I suggested that he should go to see the doctor.

He insisted that he was innocent and insisted that he should be set free.

③注意it作形式宾语的结构

We all thought it a pity that we had missed the lesson. I took it for granted that they were not coming.

④ that一般不接介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in的宾语；其它介词后面需用it作形式宾语

He differs from his roommates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.

He knows nothing about Jim except that he is from London.

You can depend on it that he will help you in time of emergency.

⑤表示好恶的动词如like; hate; love;enjoy; dislike; appreciate等后面不能直接跟宾语；

I like it when the weather is sunny. I hate it when someone is later for my class.

定义：充当表语功能的句子被叫做表语从句。★复习系动词的概念和类别！

The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

表语从句reason后面的表语从句只能用that,不能用why引导. ★The reason is that（because ×)…

The reason why we didn’t trust him is that he has often lied. (该句型中why引导一个定语从句)

同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容. 这些名词主要是表示抽象概念的词如fact,

news, promise, idea, truth; possibility; statement; warning; advice等

★同位语的引导词有that; whether; why; who; where; how等；其中that和whether只起引导作用

其他连词具有实际意思，同时在同位语中作句子成分。

The news that China broken the world record in the Olympic Games has cheered all of us.

The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still

under discussion. ( why 引导同位语从句解释说明中心语question的内容；且why在从句中作状语) 只起引导作用时，连接词用that而不用which

Where did you get the idea that she could not come.

②同位语从句和定语从句的区别：就看that在作引导的从句中是否做句子成分

The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very important. （that 引导定语)

The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good. (that引导同位语从句)

wh~, 在引导让步状语从句两者可以互换.

⒈He will believe whatever others say. (划线部分部分为名词性从句，不能互换)

wh~+ever区别Whatever others say, he will believe it. (划线部分为状语从句，可以互换)

(不可互换)

①在表语, 同位语，主语(置于句首时)从句时只用whether表“是否”

The question is whether the film is worth seeing. （表语从句）

I have no idea whether we should go to the party. （同位语从句）

Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. (主语从句句首)

It hasn’t been decided yet if we shall attend the meeting.

Whether / if区别It is doubtful whether / if he will come here. (主语从句，句末时可互换)

②形容词；介词；discuss后的宾语从句中只用whether表“是否”

It depends on whether you can do the work well. (介词宾语)

几个难点The students are discussing whether they will go out for a picnic this Sunday.

I am not sure whether he will come here or not. (形容词的宾语)

③whether与to do；whether与or或or not 的搭配

The question is whether to stay or leave.

Do you mind whether a man or woman does the job.

that不能省略

That they are good at English is known to all. （主语从句）

The problem is that we don’t have enough money. （表语从句）

fact that there are still many people suffering from poverty is really a great

problem to the Chinese government. (同位语从句)

that在以下几种情况中不能省略

that的省略①做介词宾语时that不能省略

I know nothing about my neighbor except that he used to work abroad.

②由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that不可省略

We all consider it important that every student (should) be treated properly.

③句子含多个并列句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略

Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.

④宾语从句被隔开时，that不能省略

I never doubt, under any circumstance, that he will study hard.

⑤如果名词性从句中又含有从句，此时that不能省略

Keep in mind that if you want others to respect you, you must respect others first.

(that不能省略，后面的宾语从句中含有一个条件状语从句)