不同方式力量训练对优秀摔跤运动员心率和心率恢复影响的比较研究

武汉体育学院

硕士学位论文

不同方式力量训练对优秀摔跤运动员心率和心率恢复影响的比

较研究

姓名：刘歌

申请学位级别：硕士

专业：运动人体科学

指导教师：王梅

20100301

摘要

研究目的：应用SUUNTO遥测心率团队包监控队员在不同方式力量训练中的实时心率与心率恢复速度变化，帮助教练员和运动员及时准确的掌握训练情况。了解不同方式力量训练方法对摔跤运动员训练中最高心率、心率恢复的影响情况，探讨这些训练方法的训练效果，以及两心率指标与运动员疲劳的关系，从而为我国摔跤运动员的科学训练提供科学、量化的理论依据。

研究对象与方法：本研究以武汉体育学院10名中、小级别优秀自由式摔跤运动员为研究对象，其中包括3名参加第11届全国运动会的重点运动员，应用SUUNTO团队包监控一般力量训练、专项速度力量训练和专项力量耐力训练的每次训练的心率变化，训练结束后采用SUUNTO TEAM MANAGER分析软件对收集的训练中最高心率（submaximal heart rate, HRsubmax）及心率恢复(heart rate recovery, HRR)数据进行分析。最后对收集到的数据用spss11.5统计软件进行统计分析。

研究结果：1.不同方式力量训练对HRsubmax影响存在显著性差异。首先，专项力量耐力训练的强度(93%HRmax)显著高于专项速度力量训练（89% HRmax）和一般力量训练（88% HRmax），而后两种训练方式间不存在显著性差异。2. 专项速度力量训练HRR为24.9±6.08bpm，与其他两种训练方式间均存在显著性差异（p<0.01），专项力量耐力训练（22.6±4.89bpm）的恢复速度稍高于一般力量训练（21.6±4.62bpm），但两种力量训练中心率的恢复速度不存在显著性差异。3.经过一段时间的训练，一般力量训练前后HRsubmax的差值为 5.7±11.14bpm，一般力量训练对队员的次最大心率无有效影响（p=0.140）。专项力量耐力训练前后HRsubmax的差值为-7.6±9.18bpm，专项力量耐力训练对运动员训练中的次最大心率有效果（p=0.028）。专项速度力量训练前后HRsubmax 的差值为-5.6±8.32bpm，专项速度力量训练有效果（P=0.062）。一般力量训练前后HRR 的差值为0.5±3.42bpm，一般力量对HRR无效果（p=0.655）。专项力量耐力训练前后HRR的差值为5.56±3.48bpm，专项力量耐力训练对HRR有效果（P=0.001）；速度训练前后HRR的差值为 4.36±3.58bpm，专项速度力量训练对HRR有效果（p=0.004）。

4.HRsubmax与HRR的相关性在不同方式力量训练间存在差异，专项速度力量训练中两指标间呈弱负相关；一般力量训练和专项力量耐力训练中两指标间呈正相关。

结论：1. 运动中HRsubmax可以作为评价力量训练负荷的准确指标，专项力量耐力训练的强度显著高于专项速度训练和一般力量训练。专项力量耐力、专项速度力量和一般力量训练对HRsubmax的影响存在显著性差异。2. 力量训练可促进心血管恢复，但不同方式的力量训练对HRR的影响存在差异，专项速度力量训练中HRR显著高于专项耐力训练和一般力量训练中的HRR，一般力量训练后HRR没有明显上升，其他两种训练后HRR出现极显著的增加。3. 不同方式力量训练间HRsubmax与HRR的相关性存在差异。

4. 结合对10名摔跤运动员力量训练中HRsubmax与HRR的纵向变化的分析结果，可以把训练中的HRsubmax和训练后HRR作为评价运动员负荷强度和身体疲劳状况的指标。

关键词：摔跤；力量训练；训练中最高心率；心率恢复；监控

Abstract

Research object: SUUNTO team manager was used to supervise elite wrestlers’ heart rate changes to help coaches and athletes control the training intensity timely and accurately. so as to provide scientific, quantitative theory for China’s training of wrestlers.

Research subjects and Methods: 10 little and medium-level excellent freestyle wrestlers of Wuhan Institution of Physical Education including three important players who participated the 11th National Games were the subject of this study. SUUNTO team manager was used to monitor the heart rate(HRsubmax) and heart rate recovery(HRR) changes in the absolute strength training method、speed strength training and strength endurance training method. SUUNTO team manager analysis software was used to analyze the HRsubmax and HRR. Finally, this data was analyzed using SPSS 11.5 statistical software.

Results and Conclusion: 1.Though monitoring the 10 wrestlers’ long time training and analyzing the results, the intensity of strength training could be evaluated exactly. There were significant differences between different strength training methods on the impact of HRsubmax and HRR. Strength endurance training intensity (93%HRmax) was significantly higher than speed and strength training(89%HRmax) and absolute strength training (88%HRmax). There was no significant difference between the latter two training methods. There were significant differences between the effect of different training methods. The effect of absolute strength training on HRsubmax was not obvious (p=0.140), while HRsubmax enhanced after speed strength training (p=0.028) and enduring training (p=0.062). 2. Strength training could promote cardiovascular recovery but different ways had differences on HRR. Heart rate recovery quickly after speed strength and strength endurance training, but there was no change after absolute strength training.3. In different methods the correlation between HRR and HRsubmax was different. The two indicators showed a weak negative correlation in speed strength training methods, but a positive correlation in the other training methods.

4.HRsubmax and HRR could be used as evaluation indicators of fatigue in athletes. During the training if HRsubmax rised suddenly while HRR lowered than general there might be a sign of fatigue, training plans should be adjusted timely to prevent the appearance of fatigue.

Key words:wrestling; strength training; sub-maximal heart rate; heart rate recovery; monitoring