英语语法结构体系图
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She is now a differentChinafrom what she was.
固定词组
once upon a time(从前)， an hour or two
a long time, a few, a little
定冠词
说话人和听话人心中都了解的人/事物，表示特指
Ibought a skirt yesterday.The skirt is very beautiful.
指示代词
︹表 4︺
分类
及用法
单数
复数
空间/时间上离说话人较近/
下文将要讲的事物
this
these
空间/时间上离说话人较远/
上文提及的事物
that
those
作替代词的用法
指示代词（后面必须有后置定语）
that
替代
单数可数名词
Your pen is expensive than thatIhave.
不可数名词
名词
︹表1︺
可数名词
(C countable)
单数
表示“一个”含义时需要在前面加上表示数量关系/所有关系/指示关系的限定词（冠词/数词/名词所有格/物主代词/指示代词/不定代词等。
表示泛指某一类事物加上不定冠词：a book, an orange
复数
表示泛指时不必加任何限定词
We must tell friends from enemies.
The population ofChinais larger than that of any other country.
those替代复数可数名词
His stories are more interesting than thoseItold.
区别指示代词that与数词one/ones
that只能代替事物，相当于the+被代替的单数可数名词/不可数名词（特指同一种/类的事物）
代替指示代词，起this/that作用
Is this you car?
No, it isn’t.
指代动植物、不明身份/性别的人/婴儿
Look at that bird.It always comes to my window.
The Greens have a new baby.It is lovely.
指自然现象（天气、气象、天色等）/量度（时间、距离、温度、价值等）
It is getting dark.
How far is it to the Great Wall?
充当形式主语
代替不定式
It is our duty to take care of the old.
代替动名词
It is worthwhile working the whole night.
You, she and I all enjoy music.
复数的语境下：we放在最前，they放在最后
We, you and they should preserve theenvironment
it的特殊用法
指代事物/人
代替前文提到过的事物
This is a new dictionary.Ibought it yesterday.
不可数名词(U uncountable)
单独出现表示泛指。
不可以直接跟数词、不定冠词连用，但可以在不可数名词前加表示数量的名词词组等来表示其具体数量： a piece of news, a sheet of paper
冠词
︹表 2︺
不定冠词
泛指某ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้具体的人/事物
He is an old doctor.
代替主语从句
It doesn’t matter what you do.
充当形式宾语
代替不定式
Iconsider it better to be early.
代替动名词
We thought it no use doing that.
代替宾语从句
The teacher made it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time.
face to face, hand in hand, side/step by side/step
人称代词
︹表 3︺
基本用法
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
him
they
they
she
her
it
it
多个人陈代词并列的排序
单数的语境下：you放在最前，I放在最后
Do you have a rest after lunch?
They are fond of playing basketball/chess.
Spring/April/Sunday/Children’s day is the best time.
固定词组/习惯搭配
on foot, at home, at night, in danger, for example
用于强调句型
It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who/whom+原剧中其他部分
强调主语
It is my word that counts. (我说了算)
强调宾语
It is me that/whom you should ask.
强调状语
强调时间
It is at eleven that the train leaves.
强调地点
It was in the classroom thatIleft him.
强调方式
It was just as he ordered thatIacted.
强调原因
It was because he was poor thatIhelped him
强调宾补
It was red that we painted the gate.
可以代替事物，也可以代替人。
a/an+被代替的单数可数名词（泛指同一种/类的事物/人）
the+被代替的单数可数名词（特指同一种/类的事物/人）
必须有后置定语
The population ofChinais larger than that of any other country.
最高级/固定词组/习惯用法
in the morning/afternoon/evening, in the end., by the way
零冠词
表示泛指的不可数名词/复数名词前
Failure is the mother of success.
Childrenlike cartoons.
泛指时，表示三餐、球/棋类运动、学科、季节、年份、月份、星期、节假日的名词前
固定词组
once upon a time(从前)， an hour or two
a long time, a few, a little
定冠词
说话人和听话人心中都了解的人/事物，表示特指
Ibought a skirt yesterday.The skirt is very beautiful.
指示代词
︹表 4︺
分类
及用法
单数
复数
空间/时间上离说话人较近/
下文将要讲的事物
this
these
空间/时间上离说话人较远/
上文提及的事物
that
those
作替代词的用法
指示代词（后面必须有后置定语）
that
替代
单数可数名词
Your pen is expensive than thatIhave.
不可数名词
名词
︹表1︺
可数名词
(C countable)
单数
表示“一个”含义时需要在前面加上表示数量关系/所有关系/指示关系的限定词（冠词/数词/名词所有格/物主代词/指示代词/不定代词等。
表示泛指某一类事物加上不定冠词：a book, an orange
复数
表示泛指时不必加任何限定词
We must tell friends from enemies.
The population ofChinais larger than that of any other country.
those替代复数可数名词
His stories are more interesting than thoseItold.
区别指示代词that与数词one/ones
that只能代替事物，相当于the+被代替的单数可数名词/不可数名词（特指同一种/类的事物）
代替指示代词，起this/that作用
Is this you car?
No, it isn’t.
指代动植物、不明身份/性别的人/婴儿
Look at that bird.It always comes to my window.
The Greens have a new baby.It is lovely.
指自然现象（天气、气象、天色等）/量度（时间、距离、温度、价值等）
It is getting dark.
How far is it to the Great Wall?
充当形式主语
代替不定式
It is our duty to take care of the old.
代替动名词
It is worthwhile working the whole night.
You, she and I all enjoy music.
复数的语境下：we放在最前，they放在最后
We, you and they should preserve theenvironment
it的特殊用法
指代事物/人
代替前文提到过的事物
This is a new dictionary.Ibought it yesterday.
不可数名词(U uncountable)
单独出现表示泛指。
不可以直接跟数词、不定冠词连用，但可以在不可数名词前加表示数量的名词词组等来表示其具体数量： a piece of news, a sheet of paper
冠词
︹表 2︺
不定冠词
泛指某ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้具体的人/事物
He is an old doctor.
代替主语从句
It doesn’t matter what you do.
充当形式宾语
代替不定式
Iconsider it better to be early.
代替动名词
We thought it no use doing that.
代替宾语从句
The teacher made it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time.
face to face, hand in hand, side/step by side/step
人称代词
︹表 3︺
基本用法
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
him
they
they
she
her
it
it
多个人陈代词并列的排序
单数的语境下：you放在最前，I放在最后
Do you have a rest after lunch?
They are fond of playing basketball/chess.
Spring/April/Sunday/Children’s day is the best time.
固定词组/习惯搭配
on foot, at home, at night, in danger, for example
用于强调句型
It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who/whom+原剧中其他部分
强调主语
It is my word that counts. (我说了算)
强调宾语
It is me that/whom you should ask.
强调状语
强调时间
It is at eleven that the train leaves.
强调地点
It was in the classroom thatIleft him.
强调方式
It was just as he ordered thatIacted.
强调原因
It was because he was poor thatIhelped him
强调宾补
It was red that we painted the gate.
可以代替事物，也可以代替人。
a/an+被代替的单数可数名词（泛指同一种/类的事物/人）
the+被代替的单数可数名词（特指同一种/类的事物/人）
必须有后置定语
The population ofChinais larger than that of any other country.
最高级/固定词组/习惯用法
in the morning/afternoon/evening, in the end., by the way
零冠词
表示泛指的不可数名词/复数名词前
Failure is the mother of success.
Childrenlike cartoons.
泛指时，表示三餐、球/棋类运动、学科、季节、年份、月份、星期、节假日的名词前