英美报刊选读模拟卷

英美报刊选读 》模拟卷II. Tran slate the followi ng senten ces. ( 5X 6' = 30 ') long as people feel embarrassed, restrained or openly criticized for using a particular language, it 's only n atural for them to want to avoid continuing to do what ' s causing a negative response, whether it ' s something overt like having your mouth washed out or more subtle like discrimination.the United States and Australia in past decades, the government forced nativepeoples to abandon their languages through vehicles such as boarding schools that punished youth for speaking a traditional tongue.the time of last week ' s election, she had won over all but the most partisan of critics.messaging is being used effectively by two colleges in West Yorkshire as a way of communicating with students. As well as sending them reminders about lessons and dealines, the phones are being used for learning games and revision exercises.meeting certainly produced more than the usual photo ops and spin- and itsparticipants did not go away yelling at one another as they have in the past. VIII. Reading Comprehension ( 20 X 2' =40')Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage one: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race PrejudiceIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so cometo be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by lootingand pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reas on able men, get up and calmly argue in favor of viole nee - as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to 考试形式：闭卷 考试时间： 90 分钟I. Translate the following terms into Chinese.( 301． Blue BeretsX 1 = 30 ')3. same-sex marriage5. property tax7. elevated highways9. cellular phone poll 4 ． discount store superhighway 10. talk showthe crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other 's problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk, ' the advocates of violence say,‘all you ever do is talk, and we are nonethe wiser. ' It 's rather like the story of the famous barrister who painsta kingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord, ' the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed. ' Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1. What is the best title for this passageA) Advocating Violence.B) Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C) Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D) The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.2. Recorded history has taught us _________A) violence never solves anything. B) nothing.C) the bloodshed means nothing. D) everything.3. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men ___________A) can 't get a hearing. B) are looked down upon.C) are persecuted. D) Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4. “He was none the wiser ” means ______ ___________A) he was not at all wise in listening.B) He was not at all wiser than nothing before.C) He gains nothing after listening.D) He makes no sense of the argument.5. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is ____________A) law enforcement. B) knowledge.C) nonviolence. D) Mopping up the violent mess.Passage two: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.THE elephants of Thailand used never to be short of work hauling timber. But most of the country's forests have been cut down, and logging is now banned to save the few that are left. The number of domesticated elephants left in the country is now only 2,500 or so, down from about 100,000 a century ago. Though being the national animal of Thailand earns an elephant plenty of respect, this does not put grass on the table. Thai elephants these days take tourists on treks or perform in circuses, and are sometimes to be seen begging for bananas on the streets of Bangkok.Some of the 46 elephants living at the Thai Elephant Conservation Centre, a former governmentlogging camp near Lampang, have found a new life in music. The Thai Elephant Orchestra is the creation of two Americans, Richard Lair, who has worked with Asian elephants for 23 years, and David Soldier, a musician and neuroscientist with a taste for the avant- garde. They provided six of the center ' s elephants, aged seven to 18, with a variety of percussion and wind instruments. Those familiar with Thai instruments will recognize the slit drums, the gong, the bow bass, the xylophone-like rants, as well as the thunder sheet. The only difference is that the elephant versions are a bit sturdier.The elephants are given a cue to start and then they improvise. They clearly have a strong sense of rhythm. They flap their ears to the beat, swish their tails and generally rock back and forth. Someadd to the melody with their own trumpeting. Elephant mood-music could have a commercial future, Mr. Soldier believes. He has even produced a CDon the Mulatta label-it is available at13elephant tracks. It is real elephant music, he says, with only the human noises removed by sound engineers. But is it music Bob Halliday, music critic of the Bangkok Post, says it is. He commendsthe elephants for being "so communicative". Anyone not knowing that it was elephant music, he says, would assume that humans were playing.Some of the elephants in the band have also tried their hand at painting, tending to favor the abstract over the representational style. Their broad-stroke acrylic paintings last year helped raise some $25,000 at a charity auction at Christie's in NewYork, and a London gallery has also taken some of their work. These art sales, together with profits from the CD, are helping to keep the centre going. A second CD is on the way. It will be less classical, more pop.1. The elephants of Thailand now are short of the work they used to do becauseA) they are trained to take tourists on trek.B) they are trained to play music.C) the forest-cutting is illegalD) there is not enough timber for them to haul.2. The author ' s attitude towards these elephants is _______________A) astonished B) indescribable C) supportive D) appreciative3. The two American created the Orchestra in order to _________A) earn money B) protect elephantsC) enjoy themselves D) none of the above4. “ trumpet ” in the 3rd paragraph refers to __________A) jump B) shriek C) move D) shake5. The elephants do not make money from _________A) getting charity from visitors B) selling their paintingsC) selling their own CDs D) all their entertainment workPassage three: Questi ons 1 to 5 are based on the follow ing passage.Federal Reserve System, cen tral banking system of the Un ited States, popularly called the Fed. A cen tral bank serves as the ban ker to both the banking com mun ity and the gover nment; it also issues the n ati onal curre ncy, con ducts mon etary policy, and plays a major role in supervisi on and regulati on of banks and bank hold ing compa ni es. In the . these fun ctio ns are the resp on sibilities of key officials of the Federal Reserve System: the Board of Governors, located in Washington, ., and the top officers of the 12 district Federal Reserve banks, located throughout the n ati on. The Fed ' s actions, described below, gen erally have a sig ni fica nt effect on the .in terest rates and, subseque ntly, on stock, bond, and other finan cial markets.The Federal Reserve ' s basic powers are concentrated in the Board of Governors, which is paramount in all policy issues concerning bank regulation and supervision and in most aspects of monetary control. The board enunciates the Fed' s policies on both monetary and banking matters. Because the board is not an operating agency, most of the day-to-day implementation of policies decisions is left to the districtFederal Reserve ban ks, stock in which is owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Own ership in this in sta nee, however, does not imply control the Board of Governors and the heads of the Reserve banks orient their policies to the public in terest rather tha n to the ben efit of the private banking system.The . banking system ' s regulatory apparatus is complex; the authority of theFederal Reserve is shared in some instances for example, in mergers or theexam in ati on of banks with other federal age ncies such as the Comptroller of theCurre ncy and the Federal Deposit In sura nee Cooperatio n (FDIC). In the critical area of regulating the nation ' s money supply in accordanee with national economic goals, however, the Federal Reserve is in depe ndent withi n the gover nmen t. In come and expe nditures of the Federal Reserve banks and of the Board of Governors are notsubject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal to thecongressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve Its in come ($ billion in 1992) comes mainly from Reserveincome-earning securities, primarily those of the . government. in 1992) aremostly for operational expenses in providing services and for expe ndituresconn ected with regulati on and mon etary policy .In 1992 the FederalReserve returned $ billio n in earnings to the . Treasury.Fed of the Un ited StatesA) functions as China BankB) is the counterpart of People ' s Bank of ChinaC) is subject to the banking com munity and gover nmentD) has 13 top officers who can in flue nee the America n finan cial marketfact that stock in the Fed bel ongs to commercial banks __ .A) doesn ' t mean the latter is in controlB) means the latter is in cC) means the latter is subjected to the Reserve banksD) means the Rese rve banks orient the latter ' s policies of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage A) The Fed is a very big, complex Reserve is subject is self-financing. bank holdings of Outlays ($ billion to the gover nmentand significant system which comprises many local banks.B) All the commercial banks are not the components of Federal Reserve System.C) Board of Governors is the supreme policy-makers of Federal Reserve System.D) District Reserve banks rather than Board of Governors perform the day to day policies.4. The authority of the Federal Reserve __ .A) has to be shared with other establishmentsisB) is exclusive at other timesC) isn ' t limited by comptroller of the Currency and FDICD) is limited by Board of Governors5. Income of the Board of Governors __ .A) is borrowed from the . TreasuryB) is used by the government to make various policiesC) comes from the . Treasury D) is not granted by the governmentPassage four: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on theportrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to reportthat multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to angerPsychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links mayinvolve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.1. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to ________A) curious B) unhappyC) thoughtful D) uncertain2. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to ______________________A) differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of itB) support Darwin's theory of evolutionC) provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD) contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions3. The word concur in the passage is closest in meaning to __________A) estimate B) agreeC) expect D) un dersta nd4. Accord ing to paragraph 2, which of the follow ing was true of the Fore peopleof New GuineaA) They did not want to be show n photographs.B) They were famous for their story-telling skills.C) They knew very little about Wester n culture.D) They did not en courage the expressi on of emoti ons.5. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to humanemotions that were not expressedA) They would become less inten se.B) They would last Ion ger tha n usual.C) They would cause problems later.D) They would become more n egative.英美报刊选读A卷答案I. Tran slate the followi ng terms into Chi nese.( 30 x 1 ' = 30 ')I. 蓝色贝雷帽(联合国维持和平部队) 2. 民意调查 3. 同性恋者婚姻4.折扣店5. 财产税6. 不可雇佣的人7. 高架铁路8信息高速公路9. 移动电话10. 访谈节目II. Tran slate the followi ng sentences into Chin ese. ( 5 x 6' = 30 ')1.只要是因为使用某种特定的语言让人们感觉到尴尬，拘谨或者公然遭到谴责，那他们很自然地就想要避免继续做正在导致负面反应的事情，不管是像让你讲话变得文明这样公开的还是像歧视这样更为具体的事情。