物联网技术的应用及发展研究最新外文文献翻译

物联网的应用英语作文

物联网的应用英语作文The Applications of the Internet of Things.The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way we interact with our surroundings, marking a significant milestone in technology advancement. It represents the interconnection of physical devices, appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity, enabling them to exchange data and communicate with each other over the internet. Thepotential applications of the IoT are vast and diverse, spanning across various industries and sectors.In the realm of smart homes, the IoT has enabled unprecedented levels of convenience and efficiency. Smart thermostats, for instance, can automatically adjust the indoor temperature based on occupancy and weather patterns, saving energy while ensuring optimal comfort. Similarly, smart lighting systems can be programmed to adapt to the time of day, occupant's preferences, and even theiractivities, creating a more personalized and energy-efficient lighting experience. Security systems have also been enhanced with IoT technology, with smart locks, cameras, and sensors that can be monitored remotely, providing peace of mind and enhanced security.In the healthcare industry, the IoT has the potentialto revolutionize patient care and disease management. Wearable devices, such as smartwatches and fitness trackers, can monitor a patient's heart rate, blood pressure, andother vital signs, allowing doctors to track their health remotely and intervene early if necessary. This continuous monitoring can lead to better disease management and prevention, as well as improved patient outcomes. Additionally, smart hospital rooms can automatically adjust lighting, temperature, and even bed position based on the patient's needs, providing a more comfortable and healing environment.The IoT also holds significant promise in the realm of agriculture. Smart farming practices, enabled by IoT technology, can monitor soil conditions, climate patterns,and crop health, allowing farmers to make more informed decisions about irrigation, fertilization, and pest control. This precision agriculture approach can lead to increased yields, reduced waste, and a more sustainable food production system.In the transportation sector, the IoT is enabling smarter and more efficient modes of travel. Smart traffic systems can monitor road conditions, traffic patterns, and weather conditions, allowing for real-time traffic management and route optimization. Autonomous vehicles are also being developed with IoT technology, which allows them to communicate with each other and the infrastructure, enabling safer and more efficient travel.Moreover, the IoT is transforming the retail industryby providing a more personalized and convenient shopping experience. Smart shelves can monitor inventory levels and automatically reorder products when they run low, ensuring stock availability. Smart fitting rooms can provide instant feedback on clothing fit and style, assisting customers in making informed purchasing decisions. Additionally, beaconsand other IoT devices can track customer movement withinthe store, providing retailers with valuable insights into shopping behaviors and preferences.In conclusion, the Internet of Things offers anexciting and unlimited array of applications across various industries and sectors. Its potential to improve efficiency, enhance convenience, and foster innovation is onlybeginning to be realized. As the technology continues to evolve and become more accessible, we can expect to seeeven more transformative applications emerge, shaping our world in profound and unprecedented ways.。

物联网安全问题的研究外文文献翻译

物联网安全问题的研究外文文献翻译毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译院系:年级专业:姓名:学号:附件:指导老师评语:指导教师签名:年月日备注:1.从所引用的与毕业设计(论文)内容相近的外文文献中选择一篇或一部分进行翻译(不少于3000实词);2.外文文献翻译的装订分两部分，第一部分为外文文献;第二部分为该外文文献的中文翻译;3.外文文献正文按毕业设计(论文)格式排版，两部分内容不能联排，用分页符分页。

The Internet of thingsThe Internet of things the Internet of things the Internet of things more and more modules and sensors embedded system to enhance theirability of communication. The resulting information networks will create new business models, improve business processes, risk and reduce costs Michael cui, marcus method, and Roger RobertsIn most organizations, the information spread along the familiar path. Proprietary information is placed in the database and make a analysis in the report and then start the management chain. Information collected from public sources, Internet information collection and information from suppliers to buy.But the forecast information is changing the way: the physical world itself is becoming a kind of information system. In so-called iot, sensors, and micro devices (actuators) is embedded in the physical module from highway to heart pacemakers is through wired or wireless network connections, is often connected to the Internet using the same Internet protocol. The network transmission of data is used for computer analysis. If some modules can sense the environment and can be used for information exchange, so they can become and rapid response to solve the problem of complicated tools. The information revolution in the field of the physical information system is developing continuously, and even some will also be able to work under a single intervention.Pill shape photomicrographic device has successfully through the human digestive tract, and back to the thousands of images to pinpoint the source of the disease. Composed of satellite and ground sensor data acquisition system through the wireless device can detect crop status and connected to the precision agriculture can adjust method for everypart of the farming land. For example, by spreading more chemical fertilizers to increase poor soil fertile. Billboards in Japan, waiting for pedestrians pass by, and can assess the consumption of passers-by, and then according to the evaluation results show that the different advertising information.Yes, in many companies, or even earlier today has been warned many predict the future. With the emergence of new value creation method, the current business model is largely based on static information structure is faced with challenges. If in a specific location to a specific time you will be able to experience the mind of the buyer, then the dynamic pricing may increase the possibility of buying. Know how often, and a deep understanding of the usage of the product might get more harvest, choose addfee instead of direct selling. There are a lot of people responsible for the control of manufacturing process to get a more accurate, and can improve the production efficiency. There are such as the operating system are constantly monitored to prevent the emergence of dangerous or people can take corrective measures to avoid the occurrence of damage, risk, and to reduce the cost. Make the fullest use of these functions of the company will gain more profit than the competitor.The wide application of Internet of things is need time, but thanks to its development technology, got advance time line. Wireless technology and the further standardization of communication protocol makes it possible to collect information from the sensor at any time.Based on this, a small silicon chip is endowed with new functions, and at the same time, based on the pattern of Moore's law, its cost is falling. These largely increase the storage capacity of computer and computing power, some of the digital operation scope has expanded through the cloud computing, and reduces the cost.The Internet of things in the workIot for those technologies and not walk in the forefront of company is the news. But as these technologies mature, the enterprise deployment scope will increase. Now is the manager ofall industries to build ideas, consider the contact from theInternet of things or get potential of the development of The Times. We now know that there are six different types of emerging applications, most of which belong to the following two categories: the first, second, information and analysis, automation and control.Information and analysisDue to network increased with the product, the company's assets or data management environment of the link, they will produce better information and analysis, it is important to improve decision making. Some organizations have begun to use these application deployment in the target region, and more advanced and thirst for application is still in concept or test phase. 1, tracking, behaviorSensors embedded in the product, the enterprise can track the movements of these products, even interaction and monitoring them. Business models can be slightly adjusted to take advantage of thisscience. For example, some insurance companies to provide the carposition sensor installation. That how the insurance company may, according to the car was driven to determine the amount and where is the travel situation. Insurance can be customized to operating the vehicle's actual risk, not based on if the driver's age, gender,or places to live in such a situation.Or consider install the sensor and the network connection to thetaxi will happen: it can be used for a short period of time for the car rental service member, so you no longer need to rental service center, and each car's use can also be optimized for higher revenues. Zipcar company pioneered the use of this model, and a growing number of car rental companies are also beginning to follow suit. In retail, used to display shopping data of sensors can provide more detailed informationor provide discount information, make shopping easier. Leaders such as tesco supermarket in the forefront of the use of this technology.The English name for The Internet of Things The Internet of Things, hereinafter referred to as: The IOT. The Internet of things through the transmission device, radio frequency identification technology, such as global positioning system (GPS) technology, no need to monitor real-time acquisition, connected, interactive object or process, collect the sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, location and other needed information, through all kinds of possible Internet access, content and the content, the objects and people in the link, to realizeintelligent perception of objects and processes, identification and management. Internet of things is through theintellisense recognition technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network integration application, known as the computer andthe Internet after the third wave of world information industry development. Rather than the Internet of things is a network, theInternet of things is the business and application of Internet of things is seen as the Internet application development. The innovation is the core of the development of the Internet of things application, the user experience as the core of innovation is the soul of the development of the Internet of things. 2.0The meaning of "thing" here "objects" to satisfy the following conditions can be incorporated into the scope of the "Internet of things" : 1. The receiver should have corresponding information; 2. Must have the data transmission channel; 3. To have a storage function; 4. Have the CPU; 5. Must have the operating system; 6. There should be special applications; 7. Must have the data sender; 8. To follow the communication protocol of the Internet of things; 9. In the network have the only number can be identified. 3. Definition of "Chinese" Internetof Things (Internet of Things) refers to the Ubiquitous (Ubiquitous) at the end of the equipment (Devices) and facility (Facilities), including "inherent intelligence" of sensors, mobile terminals, industrial system, building control systems, home intelligent Facilities and video monitoring system, etc, and "external Enabled" (Enabled), such as thevarious Assets (Assets), RFID wireless terminal to carry personal and vehicle and so on "intelligent objects or animals" or "smart dust" (Mote), through a variety of wireless and/or cable over long distances and/or short distance communication network connectivity (M2M), application Integration (Grand Integration), and cloud-based SaaS operation mode, in the internal network (Intranet), private network (Extranet), and/or the Internet (Internet) environment, adoptappropriate information security guarantee mechanism, to provide safeand controllable and personalized real-time online monitoring,positioning traces, alarm linkage, dispatch control, program management, remote control, security, remote maintenance, online upgrade, statistics, decision support, leading desktop (Cockpit display Dashboard), etc. Management and service functions,implementation of "all Things" "high efficiency, energy saving, safety, environmental protection" "tube, control, camp" Integration of the. 4. The definition of the eu in September 2009, held in Beijing the china-eu seminar on Internet of things and the enterprise environment, and social media department of RFID, head of the European commission information Lorent Ferderix DrGives the definition of the Internet of things: the Internet ofthings is a dynamic global network infrastructure, it has a standard and interoperable communications protocol based self-organizing ability, including physical and virtual "things" have identification, physical properties, the characteristics of virtual and intelligent interface,and seamless integration and information network. Iot will work with the media, Internet service of the Internet and the Internet, constitute the future Internet.Changes in theIot (Internet of Things), the word widely recognized at home and abroad is a professor at MIT Auto - Ashton ID center in RFID research in 1999 at the earliest. In 2005, the international telecommunication union (ITU) release of the same report, the definition and scope of the Internet of things have changed, coverage has a larger development, is no longer just a iot based on RFID technology.Since August 2009, when prime minister wen jiabao put forward since the "experience China" Internet of things was officially listed as one of five major emerging strategic industries, write "government work report," the Internet of things in China is heavily influenced by the whole society's attention, is the degreeof concern in the United States, European Union, and the rest of the world incomparable.The concept of Internet of things is not so much a foreign concept, as it is already a "made in China" concept, and his coverage of advancing with The Times, professor Ashton has exceeded 1999 and 2005, the scope of the ITU report referred to in the Internet of things has been labeled "Chinese".物联网物联网物联网物联网越来越多的模块与传感器构成嵌入式系统从而增强其通讯能力。

物联网中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文资料外文翻译Internet of Things1.the definition of connotationThe English name of the Internet of Things The Internet of Things, referred to as: the IOT.Internet of Things through the pass, radio frequency identification technology, global positioning system technology, real-time acquisition of any monitoring, connectivity, interactive objects or processes, collecting their sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, the location of a variety of the information you need network access through a variety of possible things and things, objects and people in the Pan-link intelligent perception of items and processes, identification and management. The Internet of Things IntelliSense recognition technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network integration application, known as the third wave of the world's information industry development following the computer, the Internet. Not so much the Internet of Things is a network, as Internet of Things services and applications, Internet of Things is also seen as Internet application development. Therefore, the application of innovation is the core of the development of Internet of Things, and 2.0 of the user experience as the core innovation is the soul of Things.2.The meaning of "material"Where the "objects" to meet the following conditions can be included in the scope of the "Internet of Things":1. Receiver have the appropriate information;2. Have a data transmission path;3. Have a certain storage capabilities;4. To have the CPU;5．To have the operating system;6. Have specialized applications;7. Have a data transmitter;8. Follow the communication protocol of Things;9. World Network, a unique number that can be identified.3. "Chinese style" as defined inInternet of Things (Internet of Things) refers to is the ubiquitous (Ubiquitous) terminal equipment (Devices) and facilities (Facilities), including with the "inner intelligence" sensors, mobile terminals, industrial systems, floor control system, the family of Intelligentfacilities, video surveillance systems, and external can "(Enabled), such as RFID, a variety of assets (the Assets), personal and vehicle carrying the wireless terminal" intelligent objects or animals "or" smart dust "(the Mote), through a variety of wireless and / or cable over long distances and / or short-range communication networks to achieve interoperability (M2M), application integration (the Grand Integration), and based on cloud computing, SaaS operation mode, in internal network (intranet), private network (extranet), and / or the Internet (Internet) environment, the use of appropriate information security mechanisms to provide a safe, controlled and even personalized real-time online monitoring, retrospective positioning, alarm linkage, command and control plan management, remote control, security, remote repair and maintenance, online upgrades, statistical reporting, decision support, the leadership of the desktop (showcase of the Cockpit Dashboard) management and service functions, "Everything," "efficient, energy saving, security environmental protection, "" possession, control, Camp integration [1].4.EU definitionIn September 2009, the Internet of Things and enterprise environments held in Beijing, China-EU Seminar on the European Commission and Social Media Division RFID Division is responsible for Dr. Lorent Ferderix, given the EU's definition of things: the Internet of Things is a dynamic global network infrastructure, it has a standards-based and interoperable communication protocols, self-organizing capabilities, including physical and virtual "objects" of identity, physical attributes, virtual features and smart interface and seamless integration of information networks .Internet of Things Internet and media, the Internet and business Internet one, constitute the future of the Internet.5．changeThe Internet of Things (Internet of Things) the word universally recognized at home and abroad Ashton, Professor of the MIT Auto-ID Center in 1999 first proposed to study RFID. The report of the same name released in 2005, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the definition and scope of the Internet of Things has been a change in the coverage of a larger expansion, no longer refers only to the Internet of Things based on RFID technology.Since August 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao put forward the "Experience China" Internet of Things was officially listed as a national one of the five emerging strategic industries, to write the "Government Work Report" Internet of Things in China has been the great concern of the society as a whole degree of concern is unparalleled in the United States, European Union, as well as other countries.The concept of Internet of Things is not so much a foreign concept, as it has been the concept of a "Made in China", his coverage of the times, has gone beyond the scope of the 1999 Ashton professor and the 2005 ITU report referred to, Internet of Things has been labeled a "Chinese style" label.6．BackgroundThe concept of Internet of Things in 1999. Internet-based, RFID technology and EPC standards, on the basis of the computer Internet, the use of radio frequency identification technology, wireless data communication technology, a global items of information to real-time sharing of the physical Internet "Internet of things" (referred to as the Internet of Things) , which is also the basis of the first round of the China Internet of Things boom set off in 2003.The sensor network is built up based on sensing technology network. Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999 on the start sensor network research and has made some achievements in scientific research, the establishment of applicable sensor network.1999, held in the United States, mobile computing and networking International Conference, "The sensor network is a development opportunity facing humanity in the next century. In 2003, the United States, "Technology Review" proposed sensor network technology will be future changes ten people's lives first.November 17, 2005, the WSIS held in Tunis (WSIS), the International TelecommunicationUnion released ITU Internet Report 2005: Internet of Things ", citing the concept of the" Internet of things ". The report pointed out that the ubiquitous "Internet of Things" communication era is approaching, all the objects in the world, from tires to toothbrushes, from housing to the tissue via the Internet, take the initiative to be exchanged. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), sensor technology, nanotechnology, intelligent embedded technology will be more widely used.According to the description of the ITU, the era of things, a short-range mobile transceivers embedded in a variety of daily necessities, human beings in the world of information and communication will receive a new communication dimension, from any time communication between people of the place of connection extended to the communication connection between persons and things and things and things. The Internet of Things concept of the rise, largely due to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the title of Internet of Things 2005 annual Internet Report. However, the ITU report the lack of a clear definition of Things.Domestic Internet of Things is also there is no single standard definition, but the Internet of Things In essence, the Internet of Things is a polymer application of modern information technology to a certain stage of development and technological upgrading of various sensing technology modern network technology and artificial intelligence and automation technology aggregation and integration of applications, so that the human and material wisdom of dialogue to create a world of wisdom. Because the development of the Internet of Things technology, involving almost all aspects of IT, innovative application and development of a polymer, systematic, and therefore be called revolutionary innovation of information industry. Summed up the nature of the Internet of Things is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, the Internet features that need to be networked objects must be able to achieve the interoperability of the Internet; identification and communication features, that is included in the Internet of Things "objects" must to have the functions of automatic identification and physical objects communication (M2M); intelligent features, the network system should have automated, self-feedback and intelligent control features January 28, 2009, Obama became the President of the United States, held with U.S. business leaders a "round table", as one of the only two representatives, IBM CEO Sam Palmisano for the first time that "the wisdom of the Earth" this concept, it is recommended that the new government to invest in a new generation of intelligent infrastructure.February 24, 2009 news, IBM Greater China CEO money crowd called "Smarter Planet"strategy announced in the forum 2009IBM.This concept was put forth, that is the great concern of the United States from all walks of life, and even analysts believe that IBM's vision is very likely to rise to U.S. national strategy, and caused a sensation in the world. IBM believes that the industry, the next phase of the mission is to make full use of the new generation of IT technology in all walks of life among specifically, is the embedded sensors and equipment to the power grid, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water supply systems dams, oil and gas pipelines and other objects, and is generally connected to the formation of Things.Strategy conference, IBM, and implant the concept of "wisdom" in the implementation of the infrastructure, strong, not only in the short term to stimulate the economy, promote employment, and in a short period of time for China to build a mature wisdom infrastructure platform.IBM "Smarter Planet" strategy will set off again after the wave of Internet technology industrial revolution. Former IBM CEO Lou Gerstner has raised an important point of view, every 15 years, a revolution in computing model. This judgment is the same as Moore's Law accurately call it a "15-year cycle Law". Before and after 1965, changes to the mainframe as a symbol, 1980 marked by the popularization of personal computers, 1995, the Internet revolution. Each such technological change are caused by the enterprise, industry and even the national competitive landscape of major upheaval and change. To a certain extent in the Internet revolution is ripening by the "information superhighway" strategy. 1990s, the Clinton administration plan for 20 years, $ 200 billion to -4000 billion, construction of the U.S. National Information Infrastructure, to create a huge economic and social benefits.Today, the "Smarter Planet" strategy by many Americans that there are many similarities with the "information superhighway", the same they revive the economy, a key strategy for competitive advantage. The strategy can be set off, not only for the United States, such as the Internet revolution was the wave of technological and economic concern, more attention from the world."Internet of Things prospects are very bright, it will dramatically change our current way of life." Demonstration director of the Center of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Electrical and Electronic Zhao Guoan said. Industry experts said that the Internet of things to our life personification of the things became a kind of human.Goods (goods) in the world of physical objects associated with each other "exchange", without the need for human intervention.The Internet of Things using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods (products) and information through the computer Internet. It can be said that the Internet of Things depict the world is full of intelligent. In the world of Internet of Things, material objects connected to the dragnet.The second session, held at Peking University in November 2008, China Mobile Government Seminar "Knowledge Society and Innovation 2.0", the experts made the mobile technology, the Internet of Things technology led to the development of economic and social form, innovative forms of change, and promote the The next generation of innovation for the knowledge society as the core of user experience (innovative 2.0) the formation of innovation and development of the form to pay more attention to the user to focus on people-oriented. Research institutions is expected to 10 years, the Internet of Things may be mass adoption of this technology will develop into one of thousands of yuan-scale high-tech market, the industry than the Internet 30 times.It is learned that the things industry chain can be broken down into the identity, perception, processing and information transfer, four links, each link of the key technologies for the wireless transmission network of RFID, sensors, smart chip and telecom operators. EPOSS in the "Internet of Things in 2020" report, an analysis predicted that the future development of the Internet of Things will go through four stages, 2010, RFID is widely used in the field of logistics, retail and pharmaceutical objects interconnect 2010 to 2015, 2015 ~ In 2020, the object into the semi-intelligent, intelligent objects into 2020.As the vanguard of the Internet of Things, RFID has become the most concerned about the technology market. The data show that the global RFID market size in 2008 from $ 4.93 billion in 2007 rose to $ 5.29 billion, this figure covers all aspects of the RFID market, including tags, readers and other infrastructure, software and services. RFID card and card-related infrastructure will account for 57.3 percent of the market, reaching $ 3.03 billion. Application from financial and security industries will drive the market growth of RFID cards. Analysys International forecasts, the Chinese RFID market size in 2009 will reach 5.0 billion, a CAGR of 33%, in which the electronic tag is more than 3.8 billion yuan, the reader close to 700 million yuan, software and services market to reach 500 million yuan pattern.MEMS is the abbreviation of the micro-electromechanical systems, MEMS technology is built on the basis of micro / nano, the market prospect is broad. The main advantage of the MEMS sensoris the small size, large-scale mass production cost reduction, mainly used in two major areas of automotive and consumer electronics. Under ICInsight the latest report is expected in 2007-2012, global sales of semiconductor sensors and actuators based on MEMS will reach 19 percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR), compared with $ 4.1 billion in 2007 to five years will achieve $ 9.7 billion in annual sales.7．PrincipleInternet of Things is on the basis of the computer Internet, RFID, wireless data communications technology, to construct a cover everything in the world's "Internet of Things". In this network, the goods (products) to each other "exchange", without the need for human intervention. Its essence is the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods (products) and information through the computer Internet.The Internet of Things is a very important technology is radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. RFID is radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification) technology abbreviation, is an automatic identification technology in the 1990s began to rise, the more advanced a non-contact identification technology. The development of RFID technology based on a simple RFID system, combined with existing network technology, database technology, middleware technology, to build a one composed by a large number of networked readers and numerous mobile label, much larger than the Internet of Things trend.RFID, It is able to let items "speak" a technique. In the "Internet of Things" concept, RFID tags are stored in the specification and interoperability information collected automatically by wireless data communications network to a central information system, to achieve the identification of goods (products), and then through the open computer network for information exchange and sharing, items "transparent" management.The information technology revolution in the Internet of Things is referred to as IT mobile Pan of a specific application. Internet of Things through IntelliSense, identification technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network convergence applications, breaking the conventional thinking before, human beings can achieve ubiquitous computing and network connectivity [3]. The traditional thinking has been the separation of physical infrastructure and IT infrastructure: on the one hand, airports, roads, buildings, while on the other hand, the data center, PC, broadband. In theera of the "Internet of Things", reinforced concrete, cable with the chip, broadband integration into a unified infrastructure, in this sense, the infrastructure is more like a new site of the Earth, the world really works it, which including economic management, production operation, social and even personal life. "Internet of Things" makes it much more refined and dynamic management of production and life, to manage the future of the city to achieve the status of "wisdom" to improve resource utilization and productivity levels, and improve the relationship between man and nature. 8．Agency1, institution-buildingAs the first national Internet of Things industry community organizations - the application of professional Committee of China Electronic Chamber of Things technology products (referred to as: "objects of the IPCC"), the Ministry of Civil Affairs in June 2010, preliminary approved by the Ministry of August being reported that the Ministry of Civil Affairs for final approval.2, the main taskServe as a bridge between business and government to assist the Government of the industry guidance, coordination, consultation and services to help members to reflect the business requirements to the Government; coordinate the relationship between enterprises to strengthen technical cooperation, product distribution, the elimination of vicious competition ; supervision of members the correct implementation of national laws and regulations, to regulate the industry; member of information communication technology products, cooperation, resource sharing, capital operation, and promote the application of Internet of Things technologies and products, and promote the Internet of Things industrial scale , co-development.9．ConstructionInternet of Things in the practical application to carry out requires the involvement of all walks of life, and need the guidance of the national government as well as related regulations and policies to assist the launching of the Internet of Things has the scale, broad participation, management, technical, and material properties, etc. other features, the technical problem is the most crucial issues of Things billion Bo logistics consulting, Internet of Things technology is an integrated technology, a system not yet which company has overall responsibility for network planning and construction of the entire system, theoretical studies have commenced in all walks of life and the practical application is limited to within the industry. The key is on the planning and design andresearch and development of the Internet of Things research in the field of RFID, sensors, embedded software, and transmission of data calculation. In general, to carry out the steps of the Internet of things mainly as follows:(1) identified the object attributes, properties, including static and dynamic properties of the static property can be stored directly in the label, the dynamic properties need to start with sensors to detect real-time;(2) the need to identify the equipment to complete the reading of object attributes, and information into a data format suitable for network transmission;(3) the object of information transmitted over the network to the information processing center (processing center may be distributed, such as home computers or mobile phones, may also be centralized, such as China Mobile IDC) by the processing center to complete the object communication calculation.10．key areasInternet of Things 4 key areas:(1) RFID;(2) sensor network;(3) The M2M;(4) integration of the two.11.TrendIndustry experts believe that the Internet of things on the one hand can improve economic efficiency and significant cost savings; the other hand, can provide technical impetus to global economic recovery. Currently, the United States, the European Union are all invested heavily in-depth study to explore the Internet of Things. The country is also highly concerned about the emphasis of Things, Industry and Information Technology Ministry in conjunction with the relevant departments are conducting research in a new generation of IT to the formation of policies and measures to support the development of a new generation of IT.China Mobile CEO Wang Jianzhou has repeatedly mentioned the Internet of Things will become the focus of future development of China Mobile. He will be invited to Taiwan to produce RFID, sensors and bar code manufacturers and China Mobile. According to him, the use of the Internet of Things technology, Shanghai Mobile has a number of industrial customers tailor the datacollection, transmission, processing and business management in one set of wireless application solutions. The latest data show that Shanghai Mobile has more than 100,000 chips mounted on a taxi, bus, various forms of matter networking applications in all walks of prowess, to ensure the orderly operation of the city. During the Shanghai World Expo, "the bus services through" will be fully applied to the Shanghai public transport system, the smooth flow traffic to the most advanced technology to protect Expo area; for logistics transportation management, e-logistics ", will provide users with real-time accurate information of Cargo, vehicle tracking and positioning, the transport path selection, logistics network design and optimization services greatly enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of logistics enterprises.In addition, the popularization of the "Internet of Things" for the number of animals, plants and machinery, sensors and RFID tags of items and related interface devices will greatly exceed the number of mobile phones. The promotion of the Internet of Things will become a drive to promote economic development for the industry to open up a potential development opportunities. According to the current demand on the Internet of Things, in recent years, billions of sensors and electronic tags, which will greatly promote the production of IT components, while increasing the number of job opportunities.According to reports, it is necessary to truly build an effective Internet of things, there are two important factors. First, the scale, only with the scale to make the items of intelligence play a role. For example, a city of one million vehicles, if we only 10000 vehicles installed on the smart system, it is impossible to form an intelligent transportation system; two mobility items are usually not static, but in the state of the movement , we must maintain the items in the state of motion, and even high-speed motion state can at any time for dialogue.FORRESTER of the authority of the U.S. advisory body predicted that 2020, the world of business of the Internet of Things, compared with the business of interpersonal communication, will reach 30 to 1, so the "Internet of Things" is known to be the next one trillion communications services.Internet of Things heat wave Why is rapidly growing in China? Internet of Things in China rapid rise thanks to the several advantages of our country in terms of things.In the early 1999 launched the Internet of Things core sensor network technology research, R & D level in the world; the second, sensor network field in the world, China is the standard one ofthe dominant country, the patent owner; third China is one of the countries to achieve a complete industrial chain of Things; Fourth, China's wireless communications network and broadband coverage provides a solid infrastructure to support the development of the Internet of Things; Fifth, China has become the world's first the three major economies, with strong economic strength to support the development of the Internet of Things.12.MythThe current understanding of the Internet of things there are a lot of misunderstanding, which is also a direct impact on our understanding of Things on the development of the logistics industry, it is necessary first to distinguish errors, clarify our thinking.One sensor networks or RFID network equivalent of Things. The fact that sensor technology, or RFID technology, or are simply one of the information collection technology. In addition to the sensor technology and RFID technology, GPS, video recognition, infrared, laser, scanning can be achieved automatically identify physical objects to communicate technical information collection technology can become the Internet of Things. Sensor networks or RFID network is just an application of Things, but not all of Things.Second, the Internet of Things as a myriad of unlimited extension of the Internet of Things as a completely open for all things, all of the interconnections, all shared Internet platform.In fact, the Internet of Things is not simple infinite extension of the global sharing of the Internet. Even if the Internet is also not only refers to we typically think of the international sharing computer network, Internet, WAN and LAN. Internet of Things can be both an extension of our usual sense of the Internet to the matter; LAN, professional can also be based on real needs and industrial applications. The reality is not necessary and can not make all the items networking; no need to make professional, LAN must be connected to the global Internet sharing platform. Of things in the future the Internet will be very different from the professional network of similar smart logistics, smart transportation, smart grid; the intelligence community and other local area network is the largest use of space.Ter, that the ubiquitous network of the Internet of Things Internet of Things, and therefore the Internet of Things is a castle in the air, is difficult to achieve the technology. In fact the Internet of things are real, many of the primary Internet of Things applications already for our services. The Internet of Things concept is introduced in many real-world applications based on polymericintegrated innovation, pre-existing network with the Internet of Things, intelligent, automated system, summarized and upgrading it upgraded from a higher perspective our knowledge.Four of Things as a basket, and everything installed inside; based on self-awareness, and only be able to interact, communication products as the Internet of Things applications. For example, just embedded some of the sensors, to become the so-called Internet of Things appliances; products labeled with RFID tags, became the Internet of Things applications.esThings widely used throughout the intelligent transportation, environmental protection, government, public safety, peace at home, smart fire, industrial monitoring, environmental monitoring, elderly care, personal health, floriculture, water monitoring, food traceability, enemy detection and intelligence collection and other fields.International Telecommunication Union in 2005, a report has portrayed the picture of the era of the "Internet of Things": car when the driver operational errors will automatically alarm; briefcase will remind the owner forgot something; clothes will "tell" washing machine color and water temperature requirements. Billion Bo logistics consulting vivid introduction of Things in the logistics field, for example, a logistics company, application of Things truck, when loading overweight, the car will automatically tell you overloaded and overload how many, but the space remaining , the severity of goods with how to tell you; when handling staff unloading a cargo packaging may be shouting "throw you hurt me", or "My dear, you do not get too barbaric, you can?"; when the driver and others gossip, trucks will pretend boss's voice roaring "stupid, the grid!Internet of things to make full use of a new generation of IT technology in all walks of life among, specifically, is embedded sensors and equipment to the power grid, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines, etc.kinds of objects, and then "Internet of Things" with the existing Internet to integrate and realize the integration of human society and the physical system, which in this integrated network, there is the ability to super-powerful central computer cluster, integrated network staff implementation of real-time management and control of the machinery, equipment and infrastructure, on this basis, the human can be more refined and dynamic management of production and life, to achieve the status of the "wisdom", to improve resource utilization and productivity levels, and improve human the relationship between the natural.。

物联网中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文资料外文翻译Internet of Things1.the definition of connotationThe English name of the Internet of Things The Internet of Things, referred to as: the IOT.Internet of Things through the pass, radio frequency identification technology, global positioning system technology, real-time acquisition of any monitoring, connectivity, interactive objects or processes, collecting their sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, the location of a variety of the information you need network access through a variety of possible things and things, objects and people in the Pan-link intelligent perception of items and processes, identification and management. The Internet of Things IntelliSense recognition technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network integration application, known as the third wave of the world's information industry development following the computer, the Internet. Not so much the Internet of Things is a network, as Internet of Things services and applications, Internet of Things is also seen as Internet application development. Therefore, the application of innovation is the core of the development of Internet of Things, and 2.0 of the user experience as the core innovation is the soul of Things.2.The meaning of "material"Where the "objects" to meet the following conditions can be included in the scope of the "Internet of Things":1. Receiver have the appropriate information;2. Have a data transmission path;3. Have a certain storage capabilities;4. To have the CPU;5．To have the operating system;6. Have specialized applications;7. Have a data transmitter;8. Follow the communication protocol of Things;9. World Network, a unique number that can be identified.3. "Chinese style" as defined inInternet of Things (Internet of Things) refers to is the ubiquitous (Ubiquitous) terminal equipment (Devices) and facilities (Facilities), including with the "inner intelligence" sensors, mobile terminals, industrial systems, floor control system, the family of Intelligentfacilities, video surveillance systems, and external can "(Enabled), such as RFID, a variety of assets (the Assets), personal and vehicle carrying the wireless terminal" intelligent objects or animals "or" smart dust "(the Mote), through a variety of wireless and / or cable over long distances and / or short-range communication networks to achieve interoperability (M2M), application integration (the Grand Integration), and based on cloud computing, SaaS operation mode, in internal network (intranet), private network (extranet), and / or the Internet (Internet) environment, the use of appropriate information security mechanisms to provide a safe, controlled and even personalized real-time online monitoring, retrospective positioning, alarm linkage, command and control plan management, remote control, security, remote repair and maintenance, online upgrades, statistical reporting, decision support, the leadership of the desktop (showcase of the Cockpit Dashboard) management and service functions, "Everything," "efficient, energy saving, security environmental protection, "" possession, control, Camp integration [1].4.EU definitionIn September 2009, the Internet of Things and enterprise environments held in Beijing, China-EU Seminar on the European Commission and Social Media Division RFID Division is responsible for Dr. Lorent Ferderix, given the EU's definition of things: the Internet of Things is a dynamic global network infrastructure, it has a standards-based and interoperable communication protocols, self-organizing capabilities, including physical and virtual "objects" of identity, physical attributes, virtual features and smart interface and seamless integration of information networks .Internet of Things Internet and media, the Internet and business Internet one, constitute the future of the Internet.5．changeThe Internet of Things (Internet of Things) the word universally recognized at home and abroad Ashton, Professor of the MIT Auto-ID Center in 1999 first proposed to study RFID. The report of the same name released in 2005, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the definition and scope of the Internet of Things has been a change in the coverage of a larger expansion, no longer refers only to the Internet of Things based on RFID technology.Since August 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao put forward the "Experience China" Internet of Things was officially listed as a national one of the five emerging strategic industries, to write the "Government Work Report" Internet of Things in China has been the great concern of the society as a whole degree of concern is unparalleled in the United States, European Union, as well as other countries.The concept of Internet of Things is not so much a foreign concept, as it has been the concept of a "Made in China", his coverage of the times, has gone beyond the scope of the 1999 Ashton professor and the 2005 ITU report referred to, Internet of Things has been labeled a "Chinese style" label.6．BackgroundThe concept of Internet of Things in 1999. Internet-based, RFID technology and EPC standards, on the basis of the computer Internet, the use of radio frequency identification technology, wireless data communication technology, a global items of information to real-time sharing of the physical Internet "Internet of things" (referred to as the Internet of Things) , which is also the basis of the first round of the China Internet of Things boom set off in 2003.The sensor network is built up based on sensing technology network. Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999 on the start sensor network research and has made some achievements in scientific research, the establishment of applicable sensor network.1999, held in the United States, mobile computing and networking International Conference, "The sensor network is a development opportunity facing humanity in the next century. In 2003, the United States, "Technology Review" proposed sensor network technology will be future changes ten people's lives first.November 17, 2005, the WSIS held in Tunis (WSIS), the International TelecommunicationUnion released ITU Internet Report 2005: Internet of Things ", citing the concept of the" Internet of things ". The report pointed out that the ubiquitous "Internet of Things" communication era is approaching, all the objects in the world, from tires to toothbrushes, from housing to the tissue via the Internet, take the initiative to be exchanged. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), sensor technology, nanotechnology, intelligent embedded technology will be more widely used.According to the description of the ITU, the era of things, a short-range mobile transceivers embedded in a variety of daily necessities, human beings in the world of information and communication will receive a new communication dimension, from any time communication between people of the place of connection extended to the communication connection between persons and things and things and things. The Internet of Things concept of the rise, largely due to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the title of Internet of Things 2005 annual Internet Report. However, the ITU report the lack of a clear definition of Things.Domestic Internet of Things is also there is no single standard definition, but the Internet of Things In essence, the Internet of Things is a polymer application of modern information technology to a certain stage of development and technological upgrading of various sensing technology modern network technology and artificial intelligence and automation technology aggregation and integration of applications, so that the human and material wisdom of dialogue to create a world of wisdom. Because the development of the Internet of Things technology, involving almost all aspects of IT, innovative application and development of a polymer, systematic, and therefore be called revolutionary innovation of information industry. Summed up the nature of the Internet of Things is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, the Internet features that need to be networked objects must be able to achieve the interoperability of the Internet; identification and communication features, that is included in the Internet of Things "objects" must to have the functions of automatic identification and physical objects communication (M2M); intelligent features, the network system should have automated, self-feedback and intelligent control features January 28, 2009, Obama became the President of the United States, held with U.S. business leaders a "round table", as one of the only two representatives, IBM CEO Sam Palmisano for the first time that "the wisdom of the Earth" this concept, it is recommended that the new government to invest in a new generation of intelligent infrastructure.February 24, 2009 news, IBM Greater China CEO money crowd called "Smarter Planet"strategy announced in the forum 2009IBM.This concept was put forth, that is the great concern of the United States from all walks of life, and even analysts believe that IBM's vision is very likely to rise to U.S. national strategy, and caused a sensation in the world. IBM believes that the industry, the next phase of the mission is to make full use of the new generation of IT technology in all walks of life among specifically, is the embedded sensors and equipment to the power grid, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water supply systems dams, oil and gas pipelines and other objects, and is generally connected to the formation of Things.Strategy conference, IBM, and implant the concept of "wisdom" in the implementation of the infrastructure, strong, not only in the short term to stimulate the economy, promote employment, and in a short period of time for China to build a mature wisdom infrastructure platform.IBM "Smarter Planet" strategy will set off again after the wave of Internet technology industrial revolution. Former IBM CEO Lou Gerstner has raised an important point of view, every 15 years, a revolution in computing model. This judgment is the same as Moore's Law accurately call it a "15-year cycle Law". Before and after 1965, changes to the mainframe as a symbol, 1980 marked by the popularization of personal computers, 1995, the Internet revolution. Each such technological change are caused by the enterprise, industry and even the national competitive landscape of major upheaval and change. To a certain extent in the Internet revolution is ripening by the "information superhighway" strategy. 1990s, the Clinton administration plan for 20 years, $ 200 billion to -4000 billion, construction of the U.S. National Information Infrastructure, to create a huge economic and social benefits.Today, the "Smarter Planet" strategy by many Americans that there are many similarities with the "information superhighway", the same they revive the economy, a key strategy for competitive advantage. The strategy can be set off, not only for the United States, such as the Internet revolution was the wave of technological and economic concern, more attention from the world."Internet of Things prospects are very bright, it will dramatically change our current way of life." Demonstration director of the Center of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Electrical and Electronic Zhao Guoan said. Industry experts said that the Internet of things to our life personification of the things became a kind of human.Goods (goods) in the world of physical objects associated with each other "exchange", without the need for human intervention.The Internet of Things using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods (products) and information through the computer Internet. It can be said that the Internet of Things depict the world is full of intelligent. In the world of Internet of Things, material objects connected to the dragnet.The second session, held at Peking University in November 2008, China Mobile Government Seminar "Knowledge Society and Innovation 2.0", the experts made the mobile technology, the Internet of Things technology led to the development of economic and social form, innovative forms of change, and promote the The next generation of innovation for the knowledge society as the core of user experience (innovative 2.0) the formation of innovation and development of the form to pay more attention to the user to focus on people-oriented. Research institutions is expected to 10 years, the Internet of Things may be mass adoption of this technology will develop into one of thousands of yuan-scale high-tech market, the industry than the Internet 30 times.It is learned that the things industry chain can be broken down into the identity, perception, processing and information transfer, four links, each link of the key technologies for the wireless transmission network of RFID, sensors, smart chip and telecom operators. EPOSS in the "Internet of Things in 2020" report, an analysis predicted that the future development of the Internet of Things will go through four stages, 2010, RFID is widely used in the field of logistics, retail and pharmaceutical objects interconnect 2010 to 2015, 2015 ~ In 2020, the object into the semi-intelligent, intelligent objects into 2020.As the vanguard of the Internet of Things, RFID has become the most concerned about the technology market. The data show that the global RFID market size in 2008 from $ 4.93 billion in 2007 rose to $ 5.29 billion, this figure covers all aspects of the RFID market, including tags, readers and other infrastructure, software and services. RFID card and card-related infrastructure will account for 57.3 percent of the market, reaching $ 3.03 billion. Application from financial and security industries will drive the market growth of RFID cards. Analysys International forecasts, the Chinese RFID market size in 2009 will reach 5.0 billion, a CAGR of 33%, in which the electronic tag is more than 3.8 billion yuan, the reader close to 700 million yuan, software and services market to reach 500 million yuan pattern.MEMS is the abbreviation of the micro-electromechanical systems, MEMS technology is built on the basis of micro / nano, the market prospect is broad. The main advantage of the MEMS sensoris the small size, large-scale mass production cost reduction, mainly used in two major areas of automotive and consumer electronics. Under ICInsight the latest report is expected in 2007-2012, global sales of semiconductor sensors and actuators based on MEMS will reach 19 percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR), compared with $ 4.1 billion in 2007 to five years will achieve $ 9.7 billion in annual sales.7．PrincipleInternet of Things is on the basis of the computer Internet, RFID, wireless data communications technology, to construct a cover everything in the world's "Internet of Things". In this network, the goods (products) to each other "exchange", without the need for human intervention. Its essence is the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods (products) and information through the computer Internet.The Internet of Things is a very important technology is radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. RFID is radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification) technology abbreviation, is an automatic identification technology in the 1990s began to rise, the more advanced a non-contact identification technology. The development of RFID technology based on a simple RFID system, combined with existing network technology, database technology, middleware technology, to build a one composed by a large number of networked readers and numerous mobile label, much larger than the Internet of Things trend.RFID, It is able to let items "speak" a technique. In the "Internet of Things" concept, RFID tags are stored in the specification and interoperability information collected automatically by wireless data communications network to a central information system, to achieve the identification of goods (products), and then through the open computer network for information exchange and sharing, items "transparent" management.The information technology revolution in the Internet of Things is referred to as IT mobile Pan of a specific application. Internet of Things through IntelliSense, identification technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network convergence applications, breaking the conventional thinking before, human beings can achieve ubiquitous computing and network connectivity [3]. The traditional thinking has been the separation of physical infrastructure and IT infrastructure: on the one hand, airports, roads, buildings, while on the other hand, the data center, PC, broadband. In theera of the "Internet of Things", reinforced concrete, cable with the chip, broadband integration into a unified infrastructure, in this sense, the infrastructure is more like a new site of the Earth, the world really works it, which including economic management, production operation, social and even personal life. "Internet of Things" makes it much more refined and dynamic management of production and life, to manage the future of the city to achieve the status of "wisdom" to improve resource utilization and productivity levels, and improve the relationship between man and nature. 8．Agency1, institution-buildingAs the first national Internet of Things industry community organizations - the application of professional Committee of China Electronic Chamber of Things technology products (referred to as: "objects of the IPCC"), the Ministry of Civil Affairs in June 2010, preliminary approved by the Ministry of August being reported that the Ministry of Civil Affairs for final approval.2, the main taskServe as a bridge between business and government to assist the Government of the industry guidance, coordination, consultation and services to help members to reflect the business requirements to the Government; coordinate the relationship between enterprises to strengthen technical cooperation, product distribution, the elimination of vicious competition ; supervision of members the correct implementation of national laws and regulations, to regulate the industry; member of information communication technology products, cooperation, resource sharing, capital operation, and promote the application of Internet of Things technologies and products, and promote the Internet of Things industrial scale , co-development.9．ConstructionInternet of Things in the practical application to carry out requires the involvement of all walks of life, and need the guidance of the national government as well as related regulations and policies to assist the launching of the Internet of Things has the scale, broad participation, management, technical, and material properties, etc. other features, the technical problem is the most crucial issues of Things billion Bo logistics consulting, Internet of Things technology is an integrated technology, a system not yet which company has overall responsibility for network planning and construction of the entire system, theoretical studies have commenced in all walks of life and the practical application is limited to within the industry. The key is on the planning and design andresearch and development of the Internet of Things research in the field of RFID, sensors, embedded software, and transmission of data calculation. In general, to carry out the steps of the Internet of things mainly as follows:(1) identified the object attributes, properties, including static and dynamic properties of the static property can be stored directly in the label, the dynamic properties need to start with sensors to detect real-time;(2) the need to identify the equipment to complete the reading of object attributes, and information into a data format suitable for network transmission;(3) the object of information transmitted over the network to the information processing center (processing center may be distributed, such as home computers or mobile phones, may also be centralized, such as China Mobile IDC) by the processing center to complete the object communication calculation.10．key areasInternet of Things 4 key areas:(1) RFID;(2) sensor network;(3) The M2M;(4) integration of the two.11.TrendIndustry experts believe that the Internet of things on the one hand can improve economic efficiency and significant cost savings; the other hand, can provide technical impetus to global economic recovery. Currently, the United States, the European Union are all invested heavily in-depth study to explore the Internet of Things. The country is also highly concerned about the emphasis of Things, Industry and Information Technology Ministry in conjunction with the relevant departments are conducting research in a new generation of IT to the formation of policies and measures to support the development of a new generation of IT.China Mobile CEO Wang Jianzhou has repeatedly mentioned the Internet of Things will become the focus of future development of China Mobile. He will be invited to Taiwan to produce RFID, sensors and bar code manufacturers and China Mobile. According to him, the use of the Internet of Things technology, Shanghai Mobile has a number of industrial customers tailor the datacollection, transmission, processing and business management in one set of wireless application solutions. The latest data show that Shanghai Mobile has more than 100,000 chips mounted on a taxi, bus, various forms of matter networking applications in all walks of prowess, to ensure the orderly operation of the city. During the Shanghai World Expo, "the bus services through" will be fully applied to the Shanghai public transport system, the smooth flow traffic to the most advanced technology to protect Expo area; for logistics transportation management, e-logistics ", will provide users with real-time accurate information of Cargo, vehicle tracking and positioning, the transport path selection, logistics network design and optimization services greatly enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of logistics enterprises.In addition, the popularization of the "Internet of Things" for the number of animals, plants and machinery, sensors and RFID tags of items and related interface devices will greatly exceed the number of mobile phones. The promotion of the Internet of Things will become a drive to promote economic development for the industry to open up a potential development opportunities. According to the current demand on the Internet of Things, in recent years, billions of sensors and electronic tags, which will greatly promote the production of IT components, while increasing the number of job opportunities.According to reports, it is necessary to truly build an effective Internet of things, there are two important factors. First, the scale, only with the scale to make the items of intelligence play a role. For example, a city of one million vehicles, if we only 10000 vehicles installed on the smart system, it is impossible to form an intelligent transportation system; two mobility items are usually not static, but in the state of the movement , we must maintain the items in the state of motion, and even high-speed motion state can at any time for dialogue.FORRESTER of the authority of the U.S. advisory body predicted that 2020, the world of business of the Internet of Things, compared with the business of interpersonal communication, will reach 30 to 1, so the "Internet of Things" is known to be the next one trillion communications services.Internet of Things heat wave Why is rapidly growing in China? Internet of Things in China rapid rise thanks to the several advantages of our country in terms of things.In the early 1999 launched the Internet of Things core sensor network technology research, R & D level in the world; the second, sensor network field in the world, China is the standard one ofthe dominant country, the patent owner; third China is one of the countries to achieve a complete industrial chain of Things; Fourth, China's wireless communications network and broadband coverage provides a solid infrastructure to support the development of the Internet of Things; Fifth, China has become the world's first the three major economies, with strong economic strength to support the development of the Internet of Things.12.MythThe current understanding of the Internet of things there are a lot of misunderstanding, which is also a direct impact on our understanding of Things on the development of the logistics industry, it is necessary first to distinguish errors, clarify our thinking.One sensor networks or RFID network equivalent of Things. The fact that sensor technology, or RFID technology, or are simply one of the information collection technology. In addition to the sensor technology and RFID technology, GPS, video recognition, infrared, laser, scanning can be achieved automatically identify physical objects to communicate technical information collection technology can become the Internet of Things. Sensor networks or RFID network is just an application of Things, but not all of Things.Second, the Internet of Things as a myriad of unlimited extension of the Internet of Things as a completely open for all things, all of the interconnections, all shared Internet platform.In fact, the Internet of Things is not simple infinite extension of the global sharing of the Internet. Even if the Internet is also not only refers to we typically think of the international sharing computer network, Internet, WAN and LAN. Internet of Things can be both an extension of our usual sense of the Internet to the matter; LAN, professional can also be based on real needs and industrial applications. The reality is not necessary and can not make all the items networking; no need to make professional, LAN must be connected to the global Internet sharing platform. Of things in the future the Internet will be very different from the professional network of similar smart logistics, smart transportation, smart grid; the intelligence community and other local area network is the largest use of space.Ter, that the ubiquitous network of the Internet of Things Internet of Things, and therefore the Internet of Things is a castle in the air, is difficult to achieve the technology. In fact the Internet of things are real, many of the primary Internet of Things applications already for our services. The Internet of Things concept is introduced in many real-world applications based on polymericintegrated innovation, pre-existing network with the Internet of Things, intelligent, automated system, summarized and upgrading it upgraded from a higher perspective our knowledge.Four of Things as a basket, and everything installed inside; based on self-awareness, and only be able to interact, communication products as the Internet of Things applications. For example, just embedded some of the sensors, to become the so-called Internet of Things appliances; products labeled with RFID tags, became the Internet of Things applications.esThings widely used throughout the intelligent transportation, environmental protection, government, public safety, peace at home, smart fire, industrial monitoring, environmental monitoring, elderly care, personal health, floriculture, water monitoring, food traceability, enemy detection and intelligence collection and other fields.International Telecommunication Union in 2005, a report has portrayed the picture of the era of the "Internet of Things": car when the driver operational errors will automatically alarm; briefcase will remind the owner forgot something; clothes will "tell" washing machine color and water temperature requirements. Billion Bo logistics consulting vivid introduction of Things in the logistics field, for example, a logistics company, application of Things truck, when loading overweight, the car will automatically tell you overloaded and overload how many, but the space remaining , the severity of goods with how to tell you; when handling staff unloading a cargo packaging may be shouting "throw you hurt me", or "My dear, you do not get too barbaric, you can?"; when the driver and others gossip, trucks will pretend boss's voice roaring "stupid, the grid!Internet of things to make full use of a new generation of IT technology in all walks of life among, specifically, is embedded sensors and equipment to the power grid, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines, etc.kinds of objects, and then "Internet of Things" with the existing Internet to integrate and realize the integration of human society and the physical system, which in this integrated network, there is the ability to super-powerful central computer cluster, integrated network staff implementation of real-time management and control of the machinery, equipment and infrastructure, on this basis, the human can be more refined and dynamic management of production and life, to achieve the status of the "wisdom", to improve resource utilization and productivity levels, and improve human the relationship between the natural.。

物联网英文论文

Deploying the “Internet of Things”Robert A. DolinChief Technology Officer, Echelon Corporationbob@AbstractThis paper explores the value in distributing and networking intellig ent devices. Value is derived from distributing intelligence to each device locally. Further value is derived from having transparent access to these devices remotely. Extracting this value depends upon overcomin g the issues of transparent connectivity, data concentration, and device interoperability. Some examples of successful, valuable applications are offered to illustrate how one might help deploy the “Internet of things.”1. IntroductionBy now, we are all familiar with Metcalf’s law: that the "value" or "power" of a network increases in proportion to the square of the number of nodes on the network. Echelon Corporation was founded with the goal of vastly increasing the number of networked nodes by making it both economic and valuable to network everyday devices in homes, buildings, factories, transportation systems – in short, just about everywhere. While we are an OEM company, one that sells technology and infrastructure products to others who make finished products, we have learned a great deal about the value in our customer’s applications for networking devices. We have also found that a primary motivator for such networking today is to improve energy efficiency. In this paper, and with additional detail in my talk, I will provide some actual applications along with some of the challenges we all face in deploying the “Internet of things.”2. Energy Savings as a Motivating ForceThere are three case studies I would like to discuss, each having energy related cost savings as a primary motivator. The first example is in building automation, the second is in electrical distribution, and the third demonstrates the economic necessity of networking light bulbs (!) well, at least some of them. In each of these projects, Echelon was more involved than as usual in our supplier role, so I am more familiar with the details and economic rationale than is normally the case.2.1. Demand Reduction On CommandIn commercial office buildings today, about 80% of the energy consumed is for Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC), and lighting. Echelon’s corporate headquarters in San ose is completely automated with the products of our customers so HVAC, lighting, access control, elevators and other main building systems are all on a single network with transparent access to all the devices. Furthermore, all the building automation devices are certified as interoperable devices by an independent trade association called LonMark® International. This association, made up of companies, installers, and end users of products using Echelon’s LonWorks® technology, certifies products as being open and interoperable. At our headquarters, we are participating in an energy conservation study with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLL). In this study, LLL provides energy status over the Internet to the building facilities management company we use in San Francisco, some 50 miles north. This company monitors energy price information published by LLL over the Internet. Upon detecting that the price of energy has risen beyond a threshold, they send a SOAP message to our building controllers, which in turn, set each office into energy savings mode. Within minutes of the LLL energy status change, our building’s energy consumption is reduced by one third. We can maintain that state at no significant discomfort to the building occupants for four hours. This system is fully automatic, and requires no human intervention whatsoever. Additionally, it should be noted that our building is not distinctive from a construction standpoint in that it is the typical, poorly insulated, single pane windowed, office building that you would find in Silicon Valley.2.2. Utility AutomationIn June of 2000 ENEL, the largest electric utility in Italy, and Echelon entered into an agreement in which Echelon would supply communications infrastructure components to ENEL. ENEL had decided to replace every residential and light commercial electricity meter in their service area, all27,000,000of them with intelligent,communicating meters of their specification.These meters were designed to provide energy management,load control, and better service to their customer base of over 90% of Italy’s population. This project was essentially completed by the end of 2005. ENEL has given the project costs as approximately 2 Billion Euros, which includes the costs to procure the hardware, install the data systems, procure the meters and install them,and integrate these new devices into their business systems. They have reported publicly that they are now saving in excess of 500 million Euros per year. The system is projected to have a life of at least 15 years.This savings does not come from reading the meters remotely. In Europe, unlike in the U.S., an electricity meter is located inside the house and is read about once every 3 years, or when someone moves out. The bill is estimated monthly in the intervening time between reads. Instead, the savings comes from being able to know and balance the loads in the distribution network, theft prevention, accurate billing due to more precise metering, the integration of pre-pay capabilities within the standard meter, time of use pricing, being able to remotely disconnect electrical service, dynamically being able to adjust how much power a customer may use during times of power shortages, and a host of other applications.Additionally,the system provides ENEL with a platform for offering fee based services within the home should they choose to do so. Based upon this experience, and the favorable economic return that ENEL has and will enjoy, Echelon has designed a system of similar capability that is targeted for the rest of the world rather than being tailored to the Italian environment. We are actively trialing the system, called the Networked Energy Services (NES) system, with utilities around the world today.2.3. Automating Outdoor LightingSurprisingly, there is good economic justification for putting individually controlled outdoor municipal and roadway lights on a network. The city of Oslo in Norway has done a pilot program that proves the point.In Norway, all lighting accounts for 15% to 20% of the TOTAL yearly demand for electricity for the entire country.Street lighting alone is 38% of the energy used for lighting in Norway. Three years ago, to comply with a government directive to remove capacitors containing PCBs, the city of Oslo decided to not only remove those outdoor lights containing the PCBs,but to install a modern system that would save energy, provide better service, and serve as a model for environmental responsibility[1].The new lights come from multiple manufacturers who use Echelon’s power line communication technology within each light fixture for communication.The lights communicate to an Internet edge server provided by Echelon that manages each group of lights and communicates alarms and status back to a central data management site. Also integrated into the system are sensors that measure ambient light and the amount of traffic on the road. In this way, Oslo can control the light on the road providing a safer environment,such as when it rains during the day, as well as an energy saving environment by using individual dimming of the bulbs and dawn and dusk. The pilot project is only 120 of the 250,000 lights managed by the city of Oslo. The pilot has been running for over 6 months and has so far generated an energy savings of 70% over the old lights that it replaced. According to Philips[2], one of the vendors in the project, 45% of the savings is due to dimming the individual bulbs. The balance of the savings is primarily due to more modern bulbs and electronics. The pilot is expected to expand to 20,000 lights by the end of 2007. Hafslund, the company managing the system for Oslo, claims that the pilot system is currently generating a 15% return on the investment, primarily from energy savings, improved billing,and more efficient maintenance. All this with the environmental benefits from reduced energy consumption,fewer bulb replacements due to longer life from dimming, safer lighting and less light pollution.3. Problems, Problems, ProblemsWith all these benefits,one could easily jump to the conclusion that the “Internet of Things” will happen practically overnight. However, it will not. There are alot of non-intelligent things in the world, and replacing them takes time. For example,even with an aggressive installation rate of 700,000 meters per month, it took a total of5years for ENEL to complete their project. Replacing all the lights in a city means closing down one lane of a main road to change out the fixtures. Building Automation systems such as the one we have at Echelon typically are not changed out until they wear out.This can be15years or more. It is just a fact that the things that consume the most energy and thus have the most energy savings potential are large, expensive pieces of equipment. Finally, the people that install these systems need to be trained on the new systems for the installations to be successful. People can only be trained so quickly.Society can make a choice to accelerate these changes. Businesses can be given incentives,laws can be passed,regulations imposed such that society could enjoy a world of less pollution and fewer carbon emissions. And, as Echelon, Enel, and the City of Oslo have all shown, moving to an Internet of things brings positive returns,so that first movers enjoy lower costs and higher quality than their peers. However, this is a difficult choice to make. It always seems (in the short term) less expensive to pollute than not to pollute.It always feels less risky (in the short term) to do things the way they were done before. Nevertheless, the world does change, and in this case it will too.The supply of energy simply cannot continue to increase and easily meet the demands of the developed and quickly developing nations. The only way to have both economic growth and enough energy is to use what we can generate much more efficiently. I believe we are at this point now. As the recent devastation of hurricane Katrina has shown, a disruption of only 1% of the world’s oil and gas processing capability has a dramatic affect on the price of energy around the globe.That is a symptom of a system running at its capacity.These sorts of social issues are not the only impairments to deploying the Internet of things, however. There are a number of technical issues that still need the attention of the technical community.3.1. Internet Communication IssuesIt is still very difficult to place a device with a packet switching wireless modem(GPRS)on the Internet, where another machine connected anywhere can initiate packet communication to that device over the GPRS network. Service providers today balk at the idea of handing out routable IP addresses to always on endpoints, even when they are dynamic and must be resolved with DNS. Without being able to initiate communication from machine to another, the applications in this paper are not possible.It is also very difficult to get a wireless service provider to terminate a VPN at the service center and allow the service center to do the authentication and hand out the IP addresses. This would be an alternative to getting a routable IP address from the service provider, and is what is being used in the Oslo pilot.3.2. SecurityThe devices that are worth networking for energy savings are important ones that we all depend upon. The thought of making them accessible on the Internet always raises the issue of security. Standard means of providing security, SSL and Ipsec, are effective, but difficult to implement in embedded devices. Also there are deployment issues in installing the latest security patches on millions of devices.The solution to this problem also solves a scalability lions of devices can generate an incredible amount of data. This data should not be blindly passed upstream, but instead filtered and concentrated. At the concentration points, one can use standard security protocols and limit the deployment issues. For example,in the ENEL system, there are approximately 250,000 data concentrators for the 27,000,000meters.Of course, below the concentrator one still needs security, but the concentrator can servea firewall function and limit the outside attacks that can be mounted on the devices below it.3.3. InteroperabilityAll these devices will not come from a single source, yet they need to do more than just connect to each other, they need to understand and process what they are saying to each other. This requires standardization above the communication protocol layers. The L ON M ARK International Association provides this for systems using Echelon’s technology, but something is needed for IT systems talking to devices as well. To this end, Echelon and its competitors and customers are trying to develop an open standard with the OASIS organization basedupon SOAP/XML to convey the rich semantics of inter-device communication. Participation from interested parties is most welcome.4. ConclusionsThe distribution of intelligence to ordinary devices, coupled with a transparent, ubiquitous communications infrastructure can yield tangible benefits in energy savings, pollution control, quality of service and convenience. These benefits can result in returns on investment that are very competitive with the sorts of investment decisions companies make to generate superior returns for their shareholders. While issues remain, both technical and structural, first movers today are showing striking economic returns in their applications to network ordinary devices. These successes also fulfill society’s need to reduce conventional and carbon atmospheric pollution. In spite of the force of psychological inertia present in preserving the status quo, the spread of these successes will result in the inevitable deployment of an Internet of Things.5. References[1] Eirik Bjelland, Tom Kristoffersen,“The Intelligent Street Lighting Project for the City of Oslo”, Conference Proceedin g s of L ON W ORLD® 2005, unpublished, Paris, France, October 20, 2005. [2] Gil Soto Tolosa, “Outdoor Lighting Controls,” Conference Proceeding s of L ON W ORLD 2005, unpublished, Paris, France, October 20, 2005.6. About the AuthorRobert A. Dolin is the system architect for Echelon Corporation. He has been with Echelon since 1989. Heis the principle or co-inventor of fourteen of Echelon's patents, and was one of the designers of the LonWorks protocol, the network development system environment, the Neuron® C programming model, and LonWorks network management. In May 1995 he was named as Echelon's Chief Technology Officer. Before joining Echelon, he worked at ROLM Corporation for 11 years, where he was one of the principle developersof its fully distributed PBX telephone system. At ROLM he also held positions of first- and second-line management as well as worldwide responsibility for system architecture. He has a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley.Echelon, LonWorks, L ON M ARK, L ON W ORLD, Neuron, are trademarks of Echelon Corporation registered in the United States and other countries.。

物联网技术的应用及发展研究最新外文文献翻译

文献出处:Marisa D. The application and development of the Internet of things technology [J]. Internet Computing, IEEE, 2015, 12(5): 44-55.原文The application and development of the Internet of things technologyMarisa DAbstractInternet of things is considered through monitoring, analysis and control of network information technology, the extension of human perception of control ability has huge potential. Iot research work has been carried out. A lot of Iot demonstration system was also developed, and has made remarkable application effect. But at the same time, the current development of the Internet of things is also facing some fundamental problems: the Internet of things has what special requirements must be met? What phase are you in the Internet of things technology? Where is the development direction of Internet of things? It is worthwhile to explore these issues. This paper reviews the development of the Internet, and according to the experience of the development of the Internet, analyzes the present situation of Internet of things and Internet of things present in the "content - machine connected to the local small-scale network stage, its development direction should be connected to open net of numerous small" net ", namely the "Internet of things". Based on this idea, called WInternet Iot design, and introduces the overall architecture, working mode and protocol system, and also discusses the several other issues worthy of further study. Keywords: Internet of things; Pipeline agreement; Cloud calculation; Technology application1 IntroductionIn recent years, the development of the Internet of things has been attached great importance to, academia, industry, the government to give great attention to the development of the Internet of things. Internet of things is considered can connect hundreds of millions of physical world objects, through monitoring, analysis and control of network information technology, the extension of human perception control ability has huge potential. Iot research work has been carried out. A lot of Iotdemonstration system was also developed, and has made remarkable application effect. But at the same time, the current development of the Internet of things is also facing some problems, especially all kinds of Internet of things generally are connected by "-" in the form of "network", although the implements of all kinds of physical objects in the local scope - machine is linked together, but different "net" resource sharing between the perception and control equipment. And because of the existing "- machine connected to the network is generally based on the special agreement, adapt to the need of the professional custom, cause a physical network is not open, hard to connectivity. To realize all kinds of network connectivity should be a Iot of development trend.2 Internet development history and experience2.1 Electronic equipment network systemsIn the 19th century to early 20th century, electronic equipment network of prototype has emerged. As the time of the telephone network, cable network, and other various types is private network system. Now in retrospect, these networks have been gradually replaced by the Internet; its reason is worth thinking about. Analysis of the network system can be found early, they generally have the following features: (1) Vertical integration, tightly coupledThe network system hardware, software and operation of the upper application mostly belong to an owner. Most of the various components of the integration in the network system is independently by the owner internal personnel, network in each part of the tightly coupled system.(2) The proprietary protocols to exchangeIn the network system of internal communication protocol is often according to the specific needs of each owner, in order to better the optimization and use of all kinds of equipment components are designed. Different owners of intellectual property rights and interests protection often will deal core part try to conceal, difficult to communication between different network systems. This method of "vertical integration, proprietary protocols" to satisfy the various network system of the optimization of resources and interests of the owner to protect specific needs, butalso directly led to the early electronic equipment network problems.(3) Resource sharing difficultBecause every electronic device network system is generally adopts the way of "vertical integration" structure, the network system in all kinds of electronic equipment and software are also often can only be used for the network users of the system. For example in the early days of the telephone network system, multiple phone companies have independent laid their phone lines, set up relevant telephone switching equipment, a relatively independent telephone network. Different lines and equipment cannot be Shared between the telephone network, caused the repeat purchase, resource sharing difficult.(4) Function to replicateAnother problem is that in the different network system to repeat the same or similar functions, such as the telephone network signaling in the instruction and the signal coding implementation. Features to replicate directly lead to two results: one is each owners are required for the design and implementation of general agreement and equipment, but due to the limitation of the technical strength of a single owner, will inevitably extend network independently design and development time; Second, under the limit of time and personnel, the realization of function module final quality more or less is not ideal. If different owners to cooperation, complementary advantages, functional modules will not only greatly shorten the development time, its quality will improve the quality and technology evolution speed will also increase.3 Internet of things present situation and the development direction3.1 The development of Internet of thingsIot technology emerges in various fields has also been a high degree of attention, many of the Internet of things application demonstration is put forward and the construction, especially in environmental monitoring, traffic control, disaster emergency, etc. The application of these systems has also made certain achievements. But at the same time, we can also see the current before the development of the Internet of things is with the Internet electronic networks have similar features, especially the "vertical integration" and "special deal". Currently, many of Iot systemare to solve the problem of specific requirements of a certain area or region, independent each other. Set up in the process of sensing equipment, software module, communication formats tend to be based on specific requirements for customization. Caused by agreement custom complex network connection between works, although perception control equipment resources abundant, but it is share difficulties, such as in the current a lot of video surveillance network, while the erection of all kinds of cameras everywhere, but its share is very difficult.3.2 Development direction of Internet of thingsFrom the development history of the Internet, we believe that the current development of the Internet of things was still in the "machine" of the "net" phase. This network connects many physical objects, can communicate with each other, data exchange, and implement all kinds of monitoring and control functions. Most of these networks for specific needs, using proprietary protocols, solve the problems of the current focus on each network owners. But at the same time, also can see, these of the “net” have a resource sharing and th e needs of each other."Machine" of the "network" become connected to many of the "net" "open net" should be the development trend of the Internet of things. This trend is also our experience on the development course from the Internet.3.3 The design requirements of Internet of thingsMentioned before the Internet of things, it is using electronic technology to the physical world of awareness and control network. This has also led to the Internet of things with the traditional numerical computing systems and the Internet data transmission network system has different characteristics and requirements.(1) Ensure real-time performanceThe numerical simulation of numerical calculation, Internet of things different from traditional problem itself may not be directly brought about changes in the physical world. But the errors of a control instruction in the Internet of things or delay a disaster may directly result in physical space. In smart grid, for example, if an error control instruction is to control equipment in the grid, small causes energy waste, is can cause paralysis of the grid. The error here includes both the wrong instruction,also including the correct instruction at the wrong time to control equipment. In other words, the real time in the Internet of things than the traditional Internet and numerical calculation system has a higher request. The design of the Internet of things should be as guarantee for real-time important consideration.(2) Privacy promiseThe emergence of the Internet of things technology makes the collection of information easier. Perception of physical space object will more or less involve in the privacy of all kinds of people. Iot will cover these private data is connected to the network, it is possible to make these data are all types of users to access remotely. How to safeguard the privacy of data is not abused and theft, this is the Internet of things another design factors must be considered.(3) Calculation to the nearsIn the Internet of things because of the continuous perception of the physical world, the amount of data and therefore is great. Under the traditional centralized data processing for the Internet of things of huge amounts of data may no longer apply. Illegal vehicle tracking, for example, found accident vehicles, such as somewhere we hope in a wider range of the car to track. One option is to all video monitoring data set to the data center. But the time delay of the data set itself will be longer, to the network bandwidth requirement is high. This scheme is difficult. To ensure real-time performance, but also to save resources, it is better near the camera video data analysis and calculation, the identification of license plate and movement track, avoid the time delay of data transmission and network bandwidth, so as to improve timeliness and network efficiency. Similarly, in the field of smart grid wide-area control, similar problems also exist, all the analyses focused on monitoring data to the data center, and then send the result to the remote, the optical signal transmission time needed for this process is likely to exceed system control limit is allowed. In this case, the calculation to the nearest has become a necessity.译文物联网技术的应用及发展研究Marisa D摘要物联网被认为是通过信息技术进行监测、分析和控制的网络，在延伸人类的感知控制能力方面潜力巨大。

物联网的关键技术的研究和应用大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：物联网的关键技术的研究和应用文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14毕业设计（论文）译文及原稿译文题目：物联网的关键技术的研究和应用Research on Key Technology and Applications for Internet of 原稿题目：ThingsXian-Yi Chen1, 2, Zhi-Gang Jin3.[J].SciV erse Sciencedirect，原稿出处：2012，Physics Procedia 33：561-566.物联网的关键技术的研究和应用摘要物联网（IOT）已经在在世界各地的各个行业和政府以及被学术界被越来越多的关注。

本文就物联网的概念和物联网的体系结构进行了讨论。

并且对物联网的关键技术，包括射频识别技术、电子产品代码技术、无线个域网技术进行了分析。

数字农业的框架下也提出了基于物联网的应用。

1.1物联网物联网的概念是在1999年在MIT（麻省理工学院）的Auto-ID实验室首次提出它是指所有的物品为了实现智能识别和网络管理通过类似于RIFD（射频识别RFID）等的传感器设备连接到互联网。

其核心支持技术是无线传感器网络和射频识别技术。

物联网的概念是在2005年在国际电信联盟报告中提出的：物联网,由国际电信联盟（ITU）在突尼斯2005年11月17日的信息社会世界峰会(WSIS)中向全世界正式发布。

据报道,一切在任何地方和任何时间通过无线射频识别技术、无线传感器网络技术、智能嵌入式技术和纳米技术可以连接到对方。

由于没有统一的物联网的定义，它可以从以下技术角度来定义。

物联网是万物的网络，可以实现互连，随时有完整的意识，传输可靠，准确控制，智能处理和其他特征的支持技术,如微型电极、射频识别、无线传感器网络技术、智能嵌入技术,互联网技术,集成智能处理技术，纳米技术。

物联网文献翻译

物联网是在计算机互联网的基础上,利用RFID、无线数据通信等技术,构造一个“物物相连的互联网”。

RFID技术对物联网的实现起着决定性的作用。

RFID技术被广泛应用于工业、商业、智能交通运输系统等领域。

物联网的实质是利用射频识别技术（Radio Frequency Identification, RFID）, 通过计算机互联网实现物品(商品)的自动识别和信息的互联与共享, 射频识别技术是物联网中的核心技术之一。

RFID是非接触式自动识别技术的一种。

它通过射频信号自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据,识别工作无须人工干预,可工作于各种恶劣环境。

RFID技术对物联网的实现起着决定性的作用。

从物联网体系来看,可分为感知层、传输层和智能应用层三个层面。

感知层在物联网体系中处于信息采集的最前端,对物联网的实现起着基础性作用;而在感知层中最重要的技术就是RFID技术。

\最简单的RFID系统由电子标签、阅读器和天线三部分组成。

电子标签进入磁场后,接收解读器发出的射频信号,凭借感应电流所获得的能量发送出存储在芯片中的产品信息,或者主动发送某一频率的信号,解读器读取信息并解码后,送至中央信息系统进行有关数据处理。

RFID具有非接触、工作距离长、适于恶劣环境、可识别运动目标等优点。

电子标签又称射频卡,可以把“物”变成为“智能物”,它的主要应用是把移动和非移动物品贴上标签,实现各种跟踪和管理。

电子标签是射频识别系统的数据载体,电子标签由标签天线和标签专用芯片组成。

应用中将电子标签附着在待识别物品上,作为待识别物品的电子标记。

电子标签可按频率的不同分为低频电子标签、高频电子标签、超高频电子标签和微波电子标签;根据供电方式的不同,分为有源标签、无源标签、半无源标签。

RFID阅读器通过天线与RFID电子标签进行无线通信,可以实现对标签识别码和内存数据的读出或写入操作。

标签芯片即相当于一个具有无线收发功能再加存贮功能的单片系统。

实际使用中可以把标签制成各种不同的大小和形状,需要特殊工艺将其密封起来,使标签和数据不被损坏,便于标签的改写和重复使用。

物联网外文文献翻译

物联网外文文献翻译中国的物联网市场正在迅速发展，并引起了许多学者和企业的关注。

为了更好地了解物联网的发展动态和技术应用，我们翻译了一篇关于物联网的外文文献，以下是翻译内容：物联网（Internet of Things）是一种通过无线传感器网络和互联网技术将现实物体与网络连接起来的系统。

它可以实现物体之间的通信和信息共享，进而实现智能化管理和控制。

物联网的出现将带来许多新的商业机会和技术挑战。

物联网的核心技术之一是无线传感器网络。

无线传感器网络由大量的传感器节点组成，这些节点可以感知和采集物体的信息，并通过无线通信传输到物联网中。

这些传感器节点具有小巧、低功耗和低成本的特点，可以广泛应用于各种环境中。

通过物联网，我们可以实现智能家居、智能交通、智能医疗等应用场景。

例如，智能家居可以实现远程控制家电、自动化调节室内环境等功能；智能交通可以实现交通流畅监控、车辆定位导航等服务；智能医疗可以实现远程健康监护、医疗设备远程监控等功能。

物联网的发展还面临一些技术挑战和隐私安全等问题。

首先，物联网需要大规模的传感器网络和基础设施支持，这对于网络扩展和管理提出了挑战。

其次，物联网中涉及到大量的数据传输和处理，对网络的带宽和计算能力提出了要求。

此外，物联网涉及到用户隐私和数据安全，需要采取有效的安全措施保护用户的信息。

在实际应用中，物联网已经取得了一些成果。

例如，智能电网可以实现对电力传输和分配的智能化管理，提高电力利用效率；智能农业可以实现对农作物的远程监控和自动化灌溉；智能健康可以实现对人体健康状况的实时监测和预警。

总的来说，物联网作为一种新兴的技术和应用领域，具有巨大的潜力和发展前景。

随着技术的不断进步和应用场景的拓展，物联网有望在未来实现更多的商业应用和社会效益。

以上是对物联网外文文献的翻译内容，希望能够对您对物联网的了解有所帮助。

物联网作为一个快速发展的领域，还有很多相关的研究和应用可以进一步探索和开发。

物联网中英文对照外文翻译文献

物联网中英文对照外文翻译文献一、引言物联网（Internet of Things，IoT）作为当今信息技术领域的热门话题，正在深刻地改变着我们的生活和工作方式。

它通过将各种物理设备与互联网连接，实现了设备之间的智能交互和数据共享，为人们带来了前所未有的便利和效率。

在这一领域，中英文对照的外文翻译文献对于推动技术的发展和交流具有重要的意义。

二、物联网的概念和特点（一）物联网的定义物联网是指通过各种信息传感设备，实时采集任何需要监控、连接、互动的物体或过程等各种需要的信息，与互联网结合形成的一个巨大网络。

其目的是实现物与物、人与物之间的智能化识别、定位、跟踪、监控和管理。

（二）物联网的特点1、全面感知通过各种传感器和智能设备，实现对物理世界的全面感知和数据采集。

2、可靠传输利用多种通信技术，确保数据的稳定、安全和快速传输。

3、智能处理运用大数据分析、人工智能等技术，对采集到的数据进行处理和分析，以实现智能化的决策和控制。

三、物联网的关键技术（一）传感器技术传感器是物联网获取信息的基础，能够将物理世界的各种信号转换为电信号。

（二）射频识别技术（RFID）通过无线电波实现对物体的自动识别和数据采集。

（三）无线通信技术包括 WiFi、蓝牙、Zigbee 等，为物联网设备之间的通信提供支持。

（四）云计算和大数据技术用于处理和存储海量的物联网数据，并从中挖掘有价值的信息。

四、物联网的应用领域（一）智能家居实现家庭设备的智能化控制和管理，提高生活的舒适性和便利性。

（二）智能交通优化交通流量，提高交通运输的安全性和效率。

（三）工业物联网提升工业生产的自动化水平和管理效率，降低成本。

（四）医疗物联网改善医疗服务质量，实现患者的远程监护和医疗资源的优化配置。

五、物联网中英文对照外文翻译文献的重要性（一）促进技术交流帮助不同国家和地区的研究人员和工程师更好地了解彼此的研究成果和技术进展。

（二）加速技术创新为国内的研究和开发提供新的思路和方法，推动物联网技术的创新发展。

物联网改变世界英语作文

物联网改变世界英语作文英文：The Internet of Things (IoT) is changing the world in so many ways. It has revolutionized the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. IoT refers to the network of physical objects or "things" embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.One of the most significant impacts of IoT is in the field of healthcare. With the help of IoT devices, doctors and healthcare professionals can remotely monitor patients, track their vital signs, and even administer medication without the need for a physical visit. This has not only improved the quality of care for patients but also made healthcare more accessible and convenient.Another area where IoT has made a huge impact is insmart homes. By connecting various devices and appliancesto the internet, homeowners can control their home's temperature, lighting, security, and even appliances remotely. This level of automation and control has made homes more energy-efficient, secure, and convenient.In the business world, IoT has enabled companies totrack and monitor their assets in real-time, optimize their supply chain, and improve overall efficiency. For example, logistics companies can use IoT devices to track thelocation and condition of their shipments, ensuring that they arrive at their destination in the best possible condition.Furthermore, IoT has also transformed the way weinteract with our environment. For example, smart citiesare using IoT technology to monitor and manage traffic flow, reduce energy consumption, and improve public safety. This has led to more sustainable and livable urban environments.In conclusion, the Internet of Things has truly changed the world in countless ways, from healthcare to homeautomation to business operations. Its impact will only continue to grow as more devices and systems become connected. The possibilities are endless, and I am excitedto see how IoT will continue to shape our world in the future.中文：物联网正在以许多方式改变世界。

物联网工程中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Android: A Programmer’s Guide1 What Is Android1.1 Key Skills & Concepts● History of embedded device programming● Explanation of Open Handset Alliance● First look at the Android home screenIt can be said that, for a while, traditional desktop application developers have been spoiled. This is not to say that traditional desktop application development is easier than other forms of develop ment. However, as traditional desktop application developers, we have had the ability to create alm ost any kind of application we can imagine. I am including myself in this grouping because I got my start in desktop programming.One aspect that has made desktop programming more accessible is that we have had the ability to interact with the desktop operating system, and thus interact with any underlying hardware, prettyfreely (or at least with minimal exceptions). This kind of freedom to program independently, how ever, has never really been available to the small group of programmers who dared to venture int o the murky waters of cell phone development.NOTE ：I refer to two different kinds of developers in this discussion: traditional desktop applicati on developers, who work in almost any language and whose end product, applications, are built to run on any “desktop” operating system; and Android developers, J ava developers who develop for the Android platform. This is not for the purposes of saying one is by any means better or wors e than the other. Rather, the distinction is made for purposes of comparing the development styles and tools of desktop operating system environments to the mobile operating system environment1.2 Brief History of Embedded Device ProgrammingFor a long time, cell phone developers comprised a small sect of a slightly larger group of developers known as embedded device developers. Seen as a less “glamorous” sibling to desktop—and later web—development, embedded device development typically got the proverbial short end of the stick as far as hardware and operating system features, because embedded device manufacturers were notoriously stingy on feature support.Embedded device manufacturers typically needed to guard their hardware secrets closely, so they gave embedded device developers few libraries to call when trying to interact with a specific device. Embedded devices differ fro m desktops in that an embedded device is typically a “computer on a chip.” For example, consider your standard television remote control; it is not really seen as an overwhelming achievement of technological complexity. When any button is pressed, a chip interprets the signal in a way that has been programmed into the device. This allows the device to know what to expect from the input device (key pad), and how to respond to those commands (for example, turn on the television). This is a simple form of embedded device programming. However, believe it or not, simple devices such as these are definitely related to the roots of early cell phone devices and development.Most embedded devices ran (and in some cases still run) proprietary operating systems. The reason for choosing to create a proprietary operating system rather than use any consumer system was really a product of necessity. Simple devices did not need very robust and optimized operating systems.As a product of device evolution, many of the more complex embedded devices, such as early PDAs, household security systems, and GPSs, moved to somewhat standardized operating system platforms about five years ago. Small-footprint operating systems such as Linux, or even an embedded version of Microsoft Windows, have become more prevalent on many embedded devices. Around this time in device evolution, cell phones branched from other embedded devices onto their own path. This branching is evident whenyou examine their architecture.Nearly since their inception, cell phones have been fringe devices insofar as they run on proprietary software—software that is owned and controlled by the manufacturer, and is almost always considered to be a “closed” system. The practice of manufacturers using proprietary operating systems began more out of necessity than any other reason. That is, cell phone manufacturers typically used hardware that was completely developed in-house, or at least hardware that was specifically developed for the purposes of running cell phone equipment. As a result, there were no openly available, off-the-shelf software packages or solutions that would reliably interact with their hardware. Since the manufacturers also wanted to guard very closely their hardware trade secrets, some of which could be revealed by allowing access to the software level of the device, the common practice was, and in most cases still is, to use completely proprietary and closed software to run their devices. The downside to this is that anyone who wanted to develop applications for cell phones needed to have intimate knowledge of the proprietary environment within which it was to run. The solution was to purchase expensive development tools directly from the manufacturer. This isolated many of the “homebrew” develo pers.NOTE：A growing culture of homebrew developers has embraced cell phone application development. The term “homebrew” refers to the fact that these developers typically do not work for a cell phone development company and generally produce small, one-off products on their own time.Another, more compelling “necessity” that kept cell phone development out of the hands of the everyday developer was the hardware manufacturers’ solution to the “memory versus need” dilemma. Until recently, cell phones did little more than execute and receive phone calls, track your contacts, and possibly send and receive short text messages; not really the “Swiss army knives” of technology they are today. Even as late as 2002, cell phones with cameras were not commonly found in the hands of consumers.By 1997, small applications such as calculators and games (Tetris, for example) crept their way onto cell phones, but the overwhelming function was still that of a phone dialer itself. Cell phones had not yet become the multiuse, multifunction personal tools they are today. No one yet saw the need for Internet browsing, MP3 playing, or any of the multitudes of functions we are accustomed to using today. It is possible that the cell phone manufacturers of 1997 did not fully perceive the need consumers would have for an all-in-one device. However, even if the need was present, a lack of device memory and storage capacity was an even bigger obstacle to overcome. More people may have wanted their devices to be all-in-one tools, but manufacturers still had to climb the memory hurdle.To put the problem simply, it takes memory to store and run applications on any device, cell phones included. Cell phones, as a device, until recently did not have the amount of memory available to them that would facilitate the inclusion of “extra” programs. Within the last two years, the price of memory has reached very low levels. Device manufacturers now have the ability to include more memory at lower prices. Many cell phones now have more standard memory than the average PC had in the mid-1990s. So, now that we have the need, and the memory, we can all jump in and develop cool applications for cell phones around the world, right? Not exactly.Device manufacturers still closely guard the operating systems that run on their devices. While a few have opened up to the point where they will allow some Java-based applications to run within a small environment on the phone, many do not allow this. Even the systems that do allow some Java apps to run do not allow the kind of access to the “core” system that standard desktop developers are accustomed to having.1.3 Open Handset Alliance and AndroidThis barrier to application development began to crumble in November of 2007 when Google, under the Open Handset Alliance, released Android. The Open Handset Alliance is a group of hardware and software developers, including Google, NTT DoCoMo, Sprint Nextel, and HTC, whose goal is to create a more open cell phone environment. The first product to be released under the alliance is the mobile device operating system, Android.With the release of Android, Google made available a host of development tools and tutorials to aid would-be developers onto the new system. Help files, the platform software development kit (SDK), and even a developers’ community can be found at Google’s Android website, This site should be your starting point, and I highly encourage you to visit the site.NOTE ：Google, in promoting the new Android operating system, even went as far as to create a $10 million contest looking for new and exciting Android applications.While cell phones running Linux, Windows, and even PalmOS are easy to find, as of this writing, no hardware platforms have been announced for Android to run on. HTC, LG Electronics, Motorola, and Samsung are members of the Open Handset Alliance, under which Android has been released, so we can only hope that they have plans for a few Android-based devices in the near future. With its release in November 2007, the system itself is still in a software-only beta. This is good news for developers because it gives us a rare advance look at a future system and a chance to begin developing applications that willrun as soon as the hardware is released.NOTE：This strategy clearly gives the Open Handset Alliance a big advantage over other cell phone operating system developers, because there could be an uncountable number of applications available immediately for the first devices released to run Android.Introduction to AndroidAndroid, as a system, is a Java-based operating system that runs on the Linux 2.6 kernel. The system is very lightweight and full featured. Android applications are developed using Java and can be ported rather easily to the new platform. If you have not yet downloaded Java or are unsure about which version you need, I detail the installation of the development environment in Chapter 2. Other features of Android include an accelerated 3-D graphics engine (based on hardware support), database support powered by SQLite, and an integrated web browser.If you are familiar with Java programming or are an OOP developer of any sort, you are likely used to programmatic user interface (UI) development—that is, UI placement which is handled directly within the program code. Android, while recognizing and allowing for programmatic UI development, also supports the newer, XML-based UI layout. XML UI layout is a fairly new concept to the average desktop developer. I will cover both the XML UI layout and the programmatic UI development in the supporting chapters of this book.One of the more exciting and compelling features of Android is that, because of its architecture, third-party applications—including those that are “home grown”—are executed with the same system priority as those that are bundled with the core system. This is a major departure from most systems, which give embedded system apps a greater execution priority than the thread priority available to apps created by third-party developers. Also, each application is executed within its own thread using a very lightweight virtual machine.Aside from the very generous SDK and the well-formed libraries that are available to us to develop with, the most exciting feature for Android developers is that we now have access to anything the operating system has access to. In other words, if you want to create an application that dials the phone, you have access to the phone’s dialer; if you want to create an application that utilizes the phone’s internal GPS (if equipped), you have access to it. The potential for developers to create dynamic and intriguing applications is now wide open.On top of all the features that are available from the Android side of the equation, Google has thrown insome very tantalizing features of its own. Developers of Android applications will be able to tie their applications into existing Google offerings such as Google Maps and the omnipresent Google Search. Suppose you want to write an application that pulls up a Google map of where an incoming call is emanating from, or you want to be able to store common search results with your contacts; the doors of possibility have been flung wide open with Android.Chapter 2 begins your journey to Android development. You will learn the how’s and why’s of using specific development environments or integrated development environments (IDE), and you will download and install the Java IDE Eclipse.2 Application: Hello World2.1 Key Skills & Concepts●Creating new Android projects●Working with Views●Using a TextView●Modifying the main.xml file●Running applications on the Android EmulatorIn this chapter, you will be creating your first Android Activity. This chapter examines the application-building process from start to finish. I will show you how to create an Android project in Eclipse, add code to the initial files, and run the finished application in the Android Emulator. The resulting application will be a fully functioning program running in an Android environment.Actually, as you move through this chapter, you will be creating more than one Android Activity. Computer programming tradition dictates that your first application be the typical Hello World! application, so in the first section you will create a standard Hello World! application with just a blank background and the “Hello World!” text. Then, for the sake of enabling you to get to know the language better, the next section explains in detail the files automatically created by Android for your Hello World! application. You will create two iterations of this Activity, each using different techniques for displaying information to the screen. You will also create two different versions of a Hello World! application that will display an image that delivers the “Hello World!” message. This will give you a good introduction to the controls and inner workings of Android.NOTE：You will often see “application” and “Activity” used interchangeably. The difference between the two is that an application can be composed of multiple Activities, but one application must have at leastone Activity. Each “window” or screen of your application is a separate Activity. Therefore, if you create a fairly simple application with only one screen of data (like the Hello World! application in this chapter), that will be one Activity. In future chapters you will create applications with multiple Activities.To make sure that you get a good overall look at programming in Android, in Chapter 6 you will create both of these applications in the Android SDK command-line environment for Microsoft Windows and Linux. In other words, this chapter covers the creation process in Eclipse, and Chapter 6 covers the creation process using the command-line tools. Therefore, before continuing, you should check that your Eclipse environment is correctly configured. Review the steps in Chapter 3 for setting the PATH statement for the Android SDK. You should also ensure that the JRE is correctly in your PATH statement.TIP：If you have configuration-related issues while attempting to work with any of the command-line examples, try referring to the configuration steps in Chapters 2 and 3; and look at the Android SDK documentation.2.2 Creating Your First Android Project in EclipseTo start your first Android project, open Eclipse. When you open Eclipse for the first time, it opens to an empty development environment (see Figure 5-1), which is where you want to begin. Your first task is to set up and name the workspace for your application. Choose File | New | Android Project, which will launch the New Android Project wizard.CAUTION Do not select Java Project from the New menu. While Android applications are written in Java, and you are doing all of your development in Java projects, this option will create a standard Java application. Selecting Android Project enables you to create Android-specific applications.If you do not see the option for Android Project, this indicates that the Android plugin for Eclipse was not fully or correctly installed. Review the procedure in Chapter 3 for installing the Android plugin for Eclipse to correct this.2.3 The New Android Project wizard creates two things for youA shell application that ties into the Android SDK, using the android.jar file, and ties the project into the Android Emulator. This allows you to code using all of the Android libraries and packages, and also lets you debug your applications in the proper environment.Your first shell files for the new project. These shell files contain some of the vital application blocks upon which you will be building your programs. In much the same way as creating a Microsoft .NET application in Visual Studio generates some Windows-created program code in your files, using the Android Project wizard in Eclipse generates your initial program files and some Android-created code. Inaddition, the New Android Project wizard contains a few options, shown next, that you must set to initiate your Android project. For the Project Name field, for purposes of this example, use the title HelloWorldText. This name sufficiently distinguishes this Hello World! project from the others that you will be creating in this chapter.In the Contents area, keep the default selections: the Create New Project in Workspace radio button should be selected and the Use Default Location check box should be checked. This will allow Eclipse to create your project in your default workspace directory. The advantage of keeping the default options is that your projects are kept in a central location, which makes ordering, managing, and finding these projects quite easy. For example, if you are working in a Unix-based environment, this path points to your $HOME directory.If you are working in a Microsoft Windows environment, the workspace path will be C:/Users/<username>/workspace, as shown in the previous illustration. However, for any number of reasons, you may want to uncheck the Use Default Location check box and select a different location for your project. One reason you may want to specify a different location here is simply if you want to choose a location for this specific project that is separate from other Android projects. For example, you may want to keep the projects that you create in this book in a different location from projects that you create in the future on your own. If so, simply override the Location option to specify your own custom location directory for this project.3 Application FundamentalsAndroid applications are written in the Java programming language. The compiled Java code — along with any data and resource files required by the application — is bundled by the aapt tool into an Android package, an archive file marked by an .apk suffix. This file is the vehicle for distributing the application and installing it on mobile devices; it's the file users download to their devices. All the code in a single .apk file is considered to be one application.In many ways, each Android application lives in its own world:1. By default, every application runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process when any of the application's code needs to be executed, and shuts down the process when it's no longer needed and system resources are required by other applications.2. Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so application code runs in isolation from the code of all other applications.3. By default, each application is assigned a unique Linux user ID. Permissions are set so that the application's files are visible only to that user and only to the application itself — although there are ways to export them to other applications as well.It's possible to arrange for two applications to share the same user ID, in which case they will be able to see each other's files. To conserve system resources, applications with the same ID can also arrange to run in the same Linux process, sharing the same VM.3.1 Application ComponentsA central feature of Android is that one application can make use of elements of other applications (provided those applications permit it). For example, if your application needs to display a scrolling list of images and another application has developed a suitable scroller and made it available to others, you can call upon that scroller to do the work, rather than develop your own. Application have four types of components:(1)ActivitiesAn activity presents a visual user interface for one focused endeavor the user can undertake. For example, an activity might present a list of menu items users can choose from or it might display photographs along with their captions. A text messaging application might have one activity that shows a list of contacts to send messages to, a second activity to write the message to the chosen contact, and other activities to review old messages or change settings. Though they work together to form a cohesive user interface, each activity is independent of the others. Each one is implemented as a subclass of the Activity base class.An application might consist of just one activity or, like the text messaging application just mentioned, it may contain several. What the activities are, and how many there are depends, of course, on the application and its design. Typically, one of the activities is marked as the first one that should be presented to the user when the application is launched. Moving from one activity to another is accomplished by having the current activity start the next one.Each activity is given a default window to draw in. Typically, the window fills the screen, but it might be smaller than the screen and float on top of other windows. An activity can also make use of additional windows — for example, a pop-up dialog that calls for a user response in the midst of the activity, or a window that presents users with vital information when they select a particular item on-screen.The visual content of the window is provided by a hierarchy of views — objects derived from the base View class. Each view controls a particular rectangular space within the window. Parent views contain and organize the layout of their children. Leaf views (those at the bottom of the hierarchy) draw in the rectangles they control and respond to user actions directed at that space. Thus, views are where the activity's interaction with the user takes place.For example, a view might display a small image and initiate an action when the user taps that image. Android has a number of ready-made views that you can use — including buttons, text fields, scroll bars, menu items, check boxes, and more.A view hierarchy is placed within an activity's window by the Activity.setContentView() method. The content view is the View object at the root of the hierarchy. (See the separate User Interface document for more information on views and the hierarchy.)(2)ServicesA service doesn't have a visual user interface, but rather runs in the background for an indefinite period of time. For example, a service might play background music as the user attends to other matters, or it might fetch data over the network or calculate something and provide the result to activities that need it. Each service extends the Service base class.A prime example is a media player playing songs from a play list. The player application would probably have one or more activities that allow the user to choose songs and start playing them. However, the musicplayback itself would not be handled by an activity because users will expect the music to keep playing even after they leave the player and begin something different. To keep the music going, the media player activity could start a service to run in the background. The system would then keep the music playback service running even after the activity that started it leaves the screen.It's possible to connect to (bind to) an ongoing service (and start the service if it's not already running). While connected, you can communicate with the service through an interface that the service exposes. For the music service, this interface might allow users to pause, rewind, stop, and restart the playback.Like activities and the other components, services run in the main thread of the application process. So that they won't block other components or the user interface, they often spawn another thread for time-consuming tasks (like music playback). See Processes and Threads, later.(3)Broadcast receiversA broadcast receiver is a component that does nothing but receive and react to broadcast announcements. Many broadcasts originate in system code — for example, announcements that the timezone has changed, that the battery is low, that a picture has been taken, or that the user changed a language preference. Applications can also initiate broadcasts — for example, to let other applications know that some data has been downloaded to the device and is available for them to use.An application can have any number of broadcast receivers to respond to any announcements it considers important. All receivers extend the BroadcastReceiver base class.Broadcast receivers do not display a user interface. However, they may start an activity in response to the information they receive, or they may use the NotificationManager to alert the user. Notifications can get the user's attention in various ways — flashing the backlight, vibrating the device, playing a sound, and so on. They typically place a persistent icon in the status bar, which users can open to get the message.(4)Content providersA content provider makes a specific set of the application's data available to other applications. The data can be stored in the file system, in an SQLite database, or in any other manner that makes sense. The content provider extends the ContentProvider base class to implement a standard set of methods that enable other applications to retrieve and store data of the type it controls. However, applications do not call these methods directly. Rather they use a ContentResolver object and call its methods instead. A ContentResolver can talk to any content provider; it cooperates with the provider to manage any interprocess communication that's involved.See the separate Content Providers document for more information on using content providers. Whenever there's a request that should be handled by a particular component, Android makes sure that the application process of the component is running, starting it if necessary, and that an appropriate instance of the component is available, creating the instance if necessary.3.2 Activating components: intentsContent providers are activated when they're targeted by a request from a ContentResolver. The other three components —activities, services, and broadcast receivers —are activated by asynchronous messages called intents. An intent is an Intent object that holds the content of the message. For activities and services, it names the action being requested and specifies the URI of the data to act on, among other things. For example, it might convey a request for an activity to present an image to the user or let the user edit some text. For broadcast receivers, theIntent object names the action being announced. For example, it might announce to interested parties that the camera button has been pressed.。

物联网英文文献

物联网英文文献在当今科技飞速发展的时代，物联网（Internet of Things，简称IoT）已经成为了一个热门话题。

物联网是指通过各种信息传感设备，实时采集任何需要监控、连接、互动的物体或过程等各种需要的信息，与互联网结合形成的一个巨大网络。

其目的是实现物与物、物与人，所有的物品与网络的连接，方便识别、管理和控制。

对于研究物联网的学者和专业人士来说，英文文献是获取最新知识和前沿技术的重要来源。

英文文献在物联网领域的重要性不言而喻，它们往往由全球顶尖的科研团队和专家撰写，代表着该领域最先进的研究成果和实践经验。

在物联网的英文文献中，涵盖了众多的主题和研究方向。

首先是传感器技术。

传感器是物联网的基础，它们能够感知物理世界的各种信息，如温度、湿度、压力、位置等。

相关的文献会深入探讨不同类型传感器的工作原理、性能特点以及在各种应用场景中的优化使用。

例如，在环境监测中，如何选择合适的传感器来准确测量空气质量、水质等参数；在工业自动化中，如何利用高精度的传感器来实现生产过程的精确控制。

其次是通信技术。

物联网中的设备需要进行有效的通信，以将采集到的数据传输到云端或其他终端。

英文文献中会涉及到多种通信协议和技术，如 WiFi、蓝牙、Zigbee、LoRaWAN 等。

研究人员会比较不同通信技术的优缺点，探讨如何在不同的应用场景中选择最合适的通信方式，以确保数据的可靠传输和低功耗运行。

数据处理和分析也是物联网英文文献中的重要内容。

随着物联网设备产生的数据量呈爆炸式增长，如何有效地处理和分析这些海量数据成为了关键问题。

文献中会介绍各种数据处理和分析的方法和算法，包括数据清洗、数据融合、机器学习算法在数据分析中的应用等。

例如，通过机器学习算法对智能家居中的用户行为数据进行分析，以实现个性化的智能控制；利用大数据分析技术对城市交通流量数据进行处理，以优化交通管理。

此外，物联网的安全和隐私问题也备受关注。

由于物联网设备通常连接到公共网络，存在着被黑客攻击和数据泄露的风险。

物联网安全问题的研究外文文献翻译

物联网安全问题的研究外文文献翻译毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译院系:年级专业:姓名:学号:附件:指导老师评语:指导教师签名:年月日备注:1.从所引用的与毕业设计(论文)内容相近的外文文献中选择一篇或一部分进行翻译(不少于3000实词);2.外文文献翻译的装订分两部分，第一部分为外文文献;第二部分为该外文文献的中文翻译;3.外文文献正文按毕业设计(论文)格式排版，两部分内容不能联排，用分页符分页。

The Internet of thingsThe Internet of things the Internet of things the Internet of things more and more modules and sensors embedded system to enhance theirability of communication. The resulting information networks will create new business models, improve business processes, risk and reduce costs Michael cui, marcus method, and Roger RobertsIn most organizations, the information spread along the familiar path. Proprietary information is placed in the database and make a analysis in the report and then start the management chain. Information collected from public sources, Internet information collection and information from suppliers to buy.But the forecast information is changing the way: the physical world itself is becoming a kind of information system. In so-called iot, sensors, and micro devices (actuators) is embedded in the physical module from highway to heart pacemakers is through wired or wireless network connections, is often connected to the Internet using the same Internet protocol. The network transmission of data is used for computer analysis. If some modules can sense the environment and can be used for information exchange, so they can become and rapid response to solve the problem of complicated tools. The information revolution in the field of the physical information system is developing continuously, and even some will also be able to work under a single intervention.Pill shape photomicrographic device has successfully through the human digestive tract, and back to the thousands of images to pinpoint the source of the disease. Composed of satellite and ground sensor data acquisition system through the wireless device can detect crop status and connected to the precision agriculture can adjust method for everypart of the farming land. For example, by spreading more chemical fertilizers to increase poor soil fertile. Billboards in Japan, waiting for pedestrians pass by, and can assess the consumption of passers-by, and then according to the evaluation results show that the different advertising information.Yes, in many companies, or even earlier today has been warned many predict the future. With the emergence of new value creation method, the current business model is largely based on static information structure is faced with challenges. If in a specific location to a specific time you will be able to experience the mind of the buyer, then the dynamic pricing may increase the possibility of buying. Know how often, and a deep understanding of the usage of the product might get more harvest, choose addfee instead of direct selling. There are a lot of people responsible for the control of manufacturing process to get a more accurate, and can improve the production efficiency. There are such as the operating system are constantly monitored to prevent the emergence of dangerous or people can take corrective measures to avoid the occurrence of damage, risk, and to reduce the cost. Make the fullest use of these functions of the company will gain more profit than the competitor.The wide application of Internet of things is need time, but thanks to its development technology, got advance time line. Wireless technology and the further standardization of communication protocol makes it possible to collect information from the sensor at any time.Based on this, a small silicon chip is endowed with new functions, and at the same time, based on the pattern of Moore's law, its cost is falling. These largely increase the storage capacity of computer and computing power, some of the digital operation scope has expanded through the cloud computing, and reduces the cost.The Internet of things in the workIot for those technologies and not walk in the forefront of company is the news. But as these technologies mature, the enterprise deployment scope will increase. Now is the manager ofall industries to build ideas, consider the contact from theInternet of things or get potential of the development of The Times. We now know that there are six different types of emerging applications, most of which belong to the following two categories: the first, second, information and analysis, automation and control.Information and analysisDue to network increased with the product, the company's assets or data management environment of the link, they will produce better information and analysis, it is important to improve decision making. Some organizations have begun to use these application deployment in the target region, and more advanced and thirst for application is still in concept or test phase. 1, tracking, behaviorSensors embedded in the product, the enterprise can track the movements of these products, even interaction and monitoring them. Business models can be slightly adjusted to take advantage of thisscience. For example, some insurance companies to provide the carposition sensor installation. That how the insurance company may, according to the car was driven to determine the amount and where is the travel situation. Insurance can be customized to operating the vehicle's actual risk, not based on if the driver's age, gender,or places to live in such a situation.Or consider install the sensor and the network connection to thetaxi will happen: it can be used for a short period of time for the car rental service member, so you no longer need to rental service center, and each car's use can also be optimized for higher revenues. Zipcar company pioneered the use of this model, and a growing number of car rental companies are also beginning to follow suit. In retail, used to display shopping data of sensors can provide more detailed informationor provide discount information, make shopping easier. Leaders such as tesco supermarket in the forefront of the use of this technology.The English name for The Internet of Things The Internet of Things, hereinafter referred to as: The IOT. The Internet of things through the transmission device, radio frequency identification technology, such as global positioning system (GPS) technology, no need to monitor real-time acquisition, connected, interactive object or process, collect the sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, location and other needed information, through all kinds of possible Internet access, content and the content, the objects and people in the link, to realizeintelligent perception of objects and processes, identification and management. Internet of things is through theintellisense recognition technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network integration application, known as the computer andthe Internet after the third wave of world information industry development. Rather than the Internet of things is a network, theInternet of things is the business and application of Internet of things is seen as the Internet application development. The innovation is the core of the development of the Internet of things application, the user experience as the core of innovation is the soul of the development of the Internet of things. 2.0The meaning of "thing" here "objects" to satisfy the following conditions can be incorporated into the scope of the "Internet of things" : 1. The receiver should have corresponding information; 2. Must have the data transmission channel; 3. To have a storage function; 4. Have the CPU; 5. Must have the operating system; 6. There should be special applications; 7. Must have the data sender; 8. To follow the communication protocol of the Internet of things; 9. In the network have the only number can be identified. 3. Definition of "Chinese" Internetof Things (Internet of Things) refers to the Ubiquitous (Ubiquitous) at the end of the equipment (Devices) and facility (Facilities), including "inherent intelligence" of sensors, mobile terminals, industrial system, building control systems, home intelligent Facilities and video monitoring system, etc, and "external Enabled" (Enabled), such as thevarious Assets (Assets), RFID wireless terminal to carry personal and vehicle and so on "intelligent objects or animals" or "smart dust" (Mote), through a variety of wireless and/or cable over long distances and/or short distance communication network connectivity (M2M), application Integration (Grand Integration), and cloud-based SaaS operation mode, in the internal network (Intranet), private network (Extranet), and/or the Internet (Internet) environment, adoptappropriate information security guarantee mechanism, to provide safeand controllable and personalized real-time online monitoring,positioning traces, alarm linkage, dispatch control, program management, remote control, security, remote maintenance, online upgrade, statistics, decision support, leading desktop (Cockpit display Dashboard), etc. Management and service functions,implementation of "all Things" "high efficiency, energy saving, safety, environmental protection" "tube, control, camp" Integration of the. 4. The definition of the eu in September 2009, held in Beijing the china-eu seminar on Internet of things and the enterprise environment, and social media department of RFID, head of the European commission information Lorent Ferderix DrGives the definition of the Internet of things: the Internet ofthings is a dynamic global network infrastructure, it has a standard and interoperable communications protocol based self-organizing ability, including physical and virtual "things" have identification, physical properties, the characteristics of virtual and intelligent interface,and seamless integration and information network. Iot will work with the media, Internet service of the Internet and the Internet, constitute the future Internet.Changes in theIot (Internet of Things), the word widely recognized at home and abroad is a professor at MIT Auto - Ashton ID center in RFID research in 1999 at the earliest. In 2005, the international telecommunication union (ITU) release of the same report, the definition and scope of the Internet of things have changed, coverage has a larger development, is no longer just a iot based on RFID technology.Since August 2009, when prime minister wen jiabao put forward since the "experience China" Internet of things was officially listed as one of five major emerging strategic industries, write "government work report," the Internet of things in China is heavily influenced by the whole society's attention, is the degreeof concern in the United States, European Union, and the rest of the world incomparable.The concept of Internet of things is not so much a foreign concept, as it is already a "made in China" concept, and his coverage of advancing with The Times, professor Ashton has exceeded 1999 and 2005, the scope of the ITU report referred to in the Internet of things has been labeled "Chinese".物联网物联网物联网物联网越来越多的模块与传感器构成嵌入式系统从而增强其通讯能力。

面向智能制造的物联网技术研究(英文中文双语版优质文档)

面向智能制造的物联网技术研究（英文中文双语版优质文档）With the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing, IoT technology is widely used in intelligent manufacturing. This article will focus on the research and future development trend of IoT technology for intelligent manufacturing.1. Status1. Application of Internet of Things technology in intelligent manufacturingThe Internet of Things technology can connect information such as production equipment, materials, and products to form a real-time, comprehensive, and dynamic information interaction network, so as to realize the seamless connection between equipment, materials, and products, and improve production efficiency. , Reduce production costs, improve product quality.2. Challenges of IoT technology in smart manufacturingAt present, there are still some challenges in the intelligent manufacturing of IoT technology. First of all, IoT technology needs to face massive data, how to effectively manage and process these data is an urgent problem to be solved. Secondly, the Internet of Things technology needs to face the issue of information security. How to ensure the security and privacy of data is also a problem that needs to be solved. Finally, the Internet of Things technology needs to face the problem of network interconnection. How to realize the seamless connection between equipment, materials, products and other links is also a problem that needs to be solved.Two, the future1. Intelligentization of IoT technologyIn the future, IoT technology will become more intelligent. The Internet of Things technology can realize autonomous control and intelligent management of the production process through artificial intelligence technology, and improve production efficiency and quality.2. Diverse applicationsIn the future, IoT technology will realize more diverse applications. IoT technology can be applied in various fields, such as industrial manufacturing, medical and health, urban management, etc., to provide more comprehensive, accurate and efficient information support for social development.3. SecurityIn the future, IoT technology will strengthen information security. The Internet of Things technology needs to strengthen the protection and management of data, improve the security and privacy of information, and also need to strengthen the management of network interconnection to ensure the seamless connection between equipment, materials, products and other links.4. Open innovationIn the future, IoT technology will enable more open innovation. The Internet of Things technology can absorb the innovative power of all sectors of society through open innovation, promote the continuous development and improvement of Internet of Things technology, and realize comprehensive services for production and life.5. Environmentally friendly and sustainableIn the future, IoT technology will focus on environmental protection and sustainable development. The Internet of Things technology can realize the monitoring and management of energy, resources, environment, etc., and provide scientific basis and support for sustainable development.6. Intelligent application of dataIn the future, IoT technology will further realize the intelligent application of data. Through big data technology and artificial intelligence technology, Internet of Things technology can analyze and process data in various links such as production equipment, materials, products, etc., extract valuable information, and provide more accurate and comprehensive reference for enterprise decision-making.7. Human-machine collaborationIn the future, IoT technology will enable closer human-machine collaboration. The Internet of Things technology can realize human-machine collaboration through intelligent control systems, realize the automation and intelligence of production processes, and improve production efficiency and quality.3. ConclusionTo sum up, IoT technology is one of the important supporting technologies for intelligent manufacturing. In the future, with the continuous development and improvement of the Internet of Things technology, it will achieve more intelligence, diversification, security, open innovation, environmental protection and sustainability, intelligent data application, and human-machine collaboration. These advances will provide a broader space and infinite possibilities for the development of intelligent manufacturing.随着智能制造的快速发展，物联网技术被广泛应用于智能制造中。

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