人大考博英语资料小汇总

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2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：48

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The terrorists kidnapped the director of the company and demanded a large sums of money for his （）.问题1选项A.libertyB.reliefC.relaxationD.release【答案】D【解析】上下文语义。

句意：恐怖分子绑架了这家公司的经理，要求得到一大笔钱才会释放他。

选项D符合句意。

2.单选题One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and（）to expressed thoughts.问题1选项A.dilemmasB.countenancesC.concessionsD.junctions【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。

dilemmas困境；countenances面容；concessions让步；junctions连接点。

句意：一个人可以通过注意他人的眼睛和面部即时的或短暂的反应来更好地理解别人。

选项B符合句意。

3.单选题Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the other three have （） ones.问题1选项A.similarB.singularC.differentD.separate【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。

句意：两个孩子必须睡在一张床上，而另外三个孩子睡在不同的床上。

根据语境可知，这里指分开的独立的床，选项D符合语境。

4.单选题The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national（）.问题1选项A.personalityB.temperamentC.interestD.destiny【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。

考博英语复习资料-人大考博英语翻译突破长难句翻译技巧-育明考博整理.

考博英语复习资料-人大考博英语翻译突破长难句翻译技巧翻译是人大考博英语中分量很重的考察内容。

掌握了翻译的解题技巧，翻译就成了最好拿分的一个题型。

因为翻译题型主要考察两点：词汇和长难句。

而翻译题型的词汇一般是认识的，最主要的一点就是碰到最难翻译的长句该怎么办?从近些年的真题中，我们发现命题者有一个非常清楚的或者非常明显的趋势和导向，就是对于比较复杂的句子结构和文章考察的比重加大。

这个体现在各个部分的题型当中，尤其以英译汉部分最为明显。

所以想要抓住获得高分的“核心竞争力”就要着重提高对文章长难句和段落逻辑结构的把握上，再加上一定的应试技巧和策略，才能在考博英语中取得高分。

育明考博提醒大家要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异，将英语的长句分解翻译成汉语的短句，这样翻译做起来就容易得分多了。

在英语长句的翻译过程中，下面六个技巧可以发挥很大的作用：(1) 逆序法英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。

在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。

倒置法通常用于英译汉，即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。

例如：It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.分析：该句由一个主句，一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成，“……变得越来越重要”是主句，也是全句的中心内容，全句共有三个谓语结构，包含三层含义：A. ……变的越来越重要;B. 如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会;C. 得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：87

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Edison tested more than one thousand materials to see if they could （）electric current and glow.问题1选项A.bringB.makeC.carryD.produce【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。

句意：爱迪生测试了一千多种材料，看它们是否能携带电流并发光。

选项C最符合语境。

2.单选题Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the other three have （） ones.问题1选项A.similarB.singularC.differentD.separate 【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。

句意：两个孩子必须睡在一张床上，而另外三个孩子睡在不同的床上。

根据语境可知，这里指分开的独立的床，选项D符合语境。

3.单选题What（） about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed all attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that tragedy.问题1选项A.worked me outB.knocked me outC.brought me upD.put me forward【答案】B【解析】work out算出，解决；knock sb. out把某人打昏，使疲劳；bring sb. up把某人抚养大；put forward提出。

句意：报纸上那篇文章让我大吃一惊的是，它的作者在面对那场悲剧时，表现出了足够冷静、足够专业的态度，因此也足够残忍。

人大考博英语真题常用词汇

人大考博英语真题常用词汇hang on/to稍等;坚持住;赖着不走;抱(推，抓)住不放hang out晾衣服;居住，呆(在某处);停留hang together团结合作，互相支持;一致，不矛盾hang up挂起来;挂上话筒;耽搁，搁置have/give access to得以进入;可以接近have/give an/the advantage over比...占上风;有利/优于...have to do with与...有关系hit on/upon无意中找到;偶然想出hold back犹豫(该不该做某事);阻止;阻碍;隐瞒;忍住hold in抑制(情绪等)，控制住hold on(to)坚持下去;等一等;别挂电话hold on to抓住不放hold out坚持要求;坚持到底;守住;提出;伸出;主张;坚持;维持hold out for坚持(得到...)而不肯妥协hold together(合在)一起;团结在一起hold up举起;托住;支撑;使停滞;耽搁;提出;阻挡;列举，推举;(理论等)经得住hunt for搜索;探求hurry up赶快;快点if only只要;哪怕;要是...就好了;真希望go up升高;提高;涨高;增长;盖起;建造起;被烧(炸)毁;(舞台幕布)拉起go with连带;带有;伴随;与...匹配;同...协调grow away from与...疏远起来grow from由...长大，由...发展起来grow in在...方面成长;增加(力量等)grow into成长为,发展为grow on使越来越感兴趣，渐渐成为习惯;加深对...的影响grow out of由...产生;长高大了(衣服等)穿不上;抛弃;戒除(恶习) grow up长大成人;成长;发展hand down(财产，技术或知识)往下传,传给(后人)hand in交进来(去);交上去;递交;面呈hand out派送;分发;(乱)给(批评，处分，忠告等)hand over/on to捐赠;移交;让与;将...移交给;交出;将...送交，依次传递hang about/around闲逛;转悠;观望/闲逛;缠(人);与...泡在一起hang back畏缩不前;迟疑(不肯做某事)hang behind迟迟不离开，落在后面a matter of几(分钟，里路，块钱等)的事;大约，左右;是个…问题，事关…about of即将;打算absent from不在;缺席absorbed in吸引;专心于…account for说明(原因);解释;占…adhere to粘附在…上;坚持，遵守;依附adjust to调整以适应after all还是;终于;毕竟aim of瞄准;致力于…;旨在all but几乎，差点;除…之外的全部all the while一直地;始终all the more更加越发all the same尽管如此，仍旧allow for酌量;考虑到and vice versa反过来也一样anything/nothing but一点也不/只是;仅仅是anything but一点也不，决不是nothing but只是，只不过是.apart from除了;且不说appeal to要求;上诉;引起…注意approve of赞赏，同意;获准，认可around the corner在拐角处;即将到来as a matter of course当然，理所当然的(事)as a result/consequence结果;因此as fellows如下as for/to/regards至于，说到就…而言/关于as it is(was)实际上;按照原样as it were似乎;实际上可以这么说;简直是;可谓as opposed to和…相反;与…相对比as well也…;和as/so far as就…而言;至于;到…程度;在…范围内ask after/for问候，询问，探问/请求;找某人;要求at a stretch不休息地，一口气地at a time一次at all一点也不，完全不(用于否定句)at(the)best/worst顶多，充其量也不过/最坏也就是at(all)time总是;无论何时，一直at a loss不知所措at all/any cost(s)不惜一切代价at all events不管怎样，反正at any moment随时at any rate不管怎样;总而言之at first起初;开始at first sight乍一看，一见就at intervals(of)不时，时时;每隔…at large一般的;普遍的;详尽地;在逃;逍遥自在地at leisure有空闲，闲着的;从容地，慢慢地at liberty自由，有权(做某事);闲着at(the)most/least至多/至少at stake关系到…的得失;在危险中at that就这样;而且at sea茫然，不知所措at the mercy of完全受…支配，听命于at the moment此刻at the risk of冒…的危险attach to附上;贴上;使隶属attend to处理，办理;照看，照料;注意,专心于back up支持;倒退be bent on(upon)一心想做(某事)be better of处境更好;情况转好be bound to肯定，注定;一定要;决心be composed of由…组成be concerned with关于…，与…有关;参与…be determined to坚定;坚决;决心be fed up with/about对…厌烦了;讨厌be fit for适合be inclined to倾向于…;想要be obliged to(do)被迫，不得不be obliged to感谢be related to与…相关的，同…有亲戚关系be/get tired/sick of对…失去兴趣;厌烦be/get used/accustomed to习惯于bear/keep in mind记住;牢记bear on/upon对…施加压力;与…有关;对…有影响before long很快;不久以后blow out(使火)熄灭;(轮胎)爆裂blow up炸毁;充气;放大(照片);勃然大怒boil/narrow down(to)压缩成;归结为;简化为…break down(机器)发生故障;(计划，谈判等)失败;分析;分解;破除;战胜;(感情)失控，(身体)垮了break in闯入;打断;训练;使驯服;使习惯于;break into闯入;打断;突然开始…;突然…起来break out突然暴发;逃脱break through突破;冲破;克服;挤过break up使粉碎;弄破;解散;结束;解体解散;中断;终止;(学校)放假使苦恼;恳(地)bring down使垮台;失败;击落，打下;降低(物价，温度等)本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

人民大学考博英语词汇练习题及参考资料

⼀、根据中国⼈导⼤学华慧教育纲规定,每年词汇题共40⼩题，每⼩题0.5分，共20分。

预计测试时间（45分钟）， 41. Nicoll made a few __ with his pen on the page he had just read. [ A ] signals [ B ] marks [ C ] signs [ D ] codes 42. During the summer holiday season there are no __ moms in this seaside hotel. [ A ] empty [ B ] blank [ C ] deserted [ D ] vacant 43. Does brain power as we get older.'? Scientists now have some surprising answers. [ A ] desceod [ B ] decline [ C ] deduce [ D ] collapse 44. To be an inventor, one needs profound knowledge as well as a very __ imagination. [ A ] vivid [ B ] bright [ C ] living [ D ] colorful 45. He gave a brief of the history of the university before the opening of the conference. [ A ] reference [ B ] statement [ C ] account [ D ] comment 46. The insurance company paid him $10,000 in after his accident. [ A ] installment [ B ] compensation [ C ] substitution [ D ] commission 47. People who refuse to with the law will be punished. [ A ] obey [ B ] consent [ C ] conceal [ D ] comply 48. Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except __ [ A ] ingredients [ B ] elements [ C ] components [ D ] compounds 49. Hot metal as it grows cooler. [ A ] contracts [ B ] reduces [ C ] condenses [ D ] compresses 50. His tastes and habits with those of his wife. [ A ] combine [ B ] compete [ C ] coincide [ D ] compromise 51. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' __ [ A ] command [ B ] conviction [ C ] consent [ D ] compromise 52. In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, __ schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16. [ A ] compelling [ B ] forced [ C ] obliged [ D ] compulsory 53. The Wright brothers __ the design of the first successful motor-powered plane. [ A ] confronted [ B ] concealed [ C ] converted [ D ] conceived 54. Rejecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose to __ on math and theoretical physics. [ A ] impose [ B ] center [ C ] overwork [ D ] concentrate 55. Among the many subjects in school, mathematics is probably the most , depending least on a student's background and culture. [ A ] universal [ B ] 'abstract [ C ] arbitrary [ D ] concrete 56. A good teacher must know how to his ideas. [ A ] convey [ B ] display [ C ] consult [ D ] confront 57. China Daily never loses sight of the fact that each day all of us __ a tough, challenging world. [ A ] encounter [ B ] acquaint [ C ] preside [ D ] confront 58. The largest system serving e-mail messengers is the Intemet, a I of millions of computers linked worldwide. [ A ] unity [ B ] combination [ C ] network [ D] connection 59. Every camera we sell comes with a two-year [ A ] guarantee [ B ] safety [ C ] confirmation [ D ] conservation 60. Sometimes they __ their students' poor comprehension to a lack of intelligence. [ A ] distribute [ B ] attribute [ C] contribute [ D ] consider 61. This kind of material can heat and moisture. [ A ] delete [ B ] compel [ C ] repel [ D ] constrain 62. For the past two years, Audi cars have __ Germany's Touring Car Championship. [ a ] dominated [ B ] conquered [ C ] determined [ D ] contested 63. The pollution question as well as other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in again next spring. [ A ] assembly [ B ] session [ C ] conference [ D ] convention 64. The prisoner has been of many privileges that average citizens enjoy. [ a ] ensured [ B ] informed [ C ] deprived [ D ] convinced 65. In order to strengthen his arguments, Toffler __ respectable social scientists who agree with him. [ A ] recites [ B ] confirms [ C ] quotes [ D ] convinces 66. Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable __ to the total cost of the product. [ A ] proportion [ B ] correlation [ C ] connection [ D ] correspondence 67. I was I by their kindness and moved to tears. [ A ] preoccupied [ B ] embarrassed [ C ] overwhelmed [ D ] counseled 68. It's usually the case that people seldom behave in a __ way when in a furious state. [ a ] stable [ B ] rational [ C ] legal [ D ] credible 69. A friendship may be __ , casual, situational or deep and lasting. [ A ] identical [ B ] original [ C ] superficial [ D ] critical 70. Our readers are comfortable with our clear, words that inform and entertain them. [ A ] conventional [ B ] concise [ C ] creative [ D ] crucial 71. By computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars. [ A ] coarse [ B ] rude [ C ] rough [ D ] crude 72. Children and old people (lo not like having their daily __ upset. [ A ] habit [ B ] routine [ C ] practice [ D ] custom 73. I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were __ [ A ] hung [ B ] hung back [ C ] cat down [ D ] cat off 74. I tried very. hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat __ [ A ] disapproval [ B ] rejection [ C ] refusal [ D ] decline 75. Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply _-- [ A ] slipped [ B ] lessened [ C ] descended [ D ] declined 76. I could see that my wife was __ having that fur coat, whether I approved of it or not. [ A ] intent on [ B ] adequate for [ C ] short of [ D ] deficient in 77. The human voice often sounds on the telephone. [ A ] twisted [ B ] irregular [ C ] distorted [ D ] deformed 78. Some people either __ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them. [ A ] violently [ B ] enthusiastically [ C ] sincerely [ D ] deliberately 79. We are __-- faced with the necessity to recognize that having more people implies a lower stand-ard of living. [ A ] readily [ B ] smoothly [ C ]inevitahly [ D ] deliberately 80. Some people criticize family doctors for too many medicines for minor illnesses. [ A] prescribing [ B] ordering [ C ] advising [ D] delivering。

中国人民大学考博英语第一阶段复习备考方案及真题分析

中国人民大学考博英语第一阶段复习备考方案及真题分析
1. 近三年真题题型、分值分布
词汇与结构
阅读理解
翻译
写作
2008年
20分（40 30分（5篇
题）
30题）
20分（英译 30分（小汉与汉译英作文10分各10分）；大作文
20分）
2007年
20分（40 30分（5篇
题）
30题）
20分（英译 30分（小汉与汉译英作文10分各10分）；大作文
A.disclosed C.exhibited
B.exposed D.revealed
5.The government has provided the capital library with heavy ____ to keep it one of the largest in the world.
b. 语法：学员在听完词汇课程之后，可以用一周的时间将语法专项训练课程听完。
c. 阅读：拓展知识面，多接触不同领域的文章，建议每天读一篇英文原版文章，可以从一些国外新闻网站上来找或者是一些英文的书刊，杂志，多关注社会热点。
中国人民大学考博英语词汇专项训练 1.Developing countries should adopt labour-intensive technologies to ____ their comparative advantage of abundant labour.
e
B.exploit
华慧考博—考博第一品牌华慧网
第2页共4页
C.employ
D.explore
2.The sudden demise of Britain's oldest investment bank ____ global markets.

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：9

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题During his two-month stay in China, Tom never （）a chance to practice his Chinese.问题1选项A.passed onB.passed upC.passed byD.passed out【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。

pass on传递，继续，去世；pass up拒绝，错过；pass by走过，经过；pass out分发，昏倒。

这里指没有错过一次练习中文的机会。

选项B符合句意。

2.单选题The Internet has been around for an almost equal amount of time as most forms of media, but only recently（）a popular way of retrieving information.问题1选项A.has it becomeB.it has becameC.it becomesD.does it become【答案】A【解析】语法知识。

根据only可知这里应该用倒装，首先排除选项B和C；填空处应用现在完成时表示过去对现在产生影响，所以选项A正确。

3.单选题A product is to be regarded as being （）when introduced into the commerce of another country at less than its normal value.问题1选项A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumped【答案】D【解析】上下文语义。

句意：一种产品以低于正常价值的价格进入另一国家的贸易时，被认为是。

根据语境可知，这里应填入与进出口货物相关的词汇。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：8

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题There is（） conflicting information on how much iron women need in their diet.问题1选项A.so muchB.so manyC.too fewD.a few【答案】A【解析】information是不可数名司，只有选项A后面接不可数名词。

2.单选题Peter’s mother kept telling him that（） in the street is dangerous, but he would not listen. 问题1选项A.playedB.will playC.playingD.been playing 【答案】C【解析】that引导的句子在句中作补语，在that从句中缺少主语，因此应该用动词的现在分词形式作主语。

所以，选项C正确。

3.单选题Tom Jones, who（） around the world, will come to Asia next month.问题1选项A.will be touringB.have touredC.had been touringD.has been touring【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知，这里是已经开始并持续进行的动作，所以应该用现在完成进行时。

选项D正确。

4.单选题Am I to understand that his new post （） no responsibility with it at all?问题1选项A.keepsB.supportsC.carriesD.possesses【答案】C【解析】常用搭配。

carry responsibility为常用搭配,意为“承担责任”。

选项C符合句意。

5.单选题The Jatakana culture encompasses every（）of life from beliefs, superstitions, and practices to art, education and tourism.问题1选项A.respectB.inspectC.aspectD.suspect【答案】C【解析】形近词词义辨析。

中国人民大学博士生英语考试listening部分

Qualifying Examination for PHD Students: listeningName _________________ Department ___________________Class __________________ Student Number _____________Section I True or False (5%)Directions: Listen to the following passage twice, decide whether the statements onyour question paper are true or false, and write your answer on your answer sheet.1 Sub prime investments were safe investments for banks.2 Lending money to those who ask for it is good business for banks.3 An asset such as a house can always be sold for a profit if you need the money.4 Customer confidence in the banking system is important to stability.5 It is unnecessary for governments to guarantee banks in a crisis.Section II: Filling in the Blank Spaces (10%)Directions: Listen to the following passage twice and fill in the blank spaces on your answer sheet.At the first glance, the world’s leading universities seem to be moving towardsa globalised form of management, in which leaders are recruited regardless of （1）and move freely across borders.Of the top 100 universities in the world, nine are headed by individuals（2 ） overseas and an emerging global market can also be perceived in the international ( 3 ) of some academic careers.But one US researcher, Ben Wildarsky, thinks that barriers to a foreignnational coming to lead a university are ( 4 ) higher than the barrier for studentsto study overseas or professors to teach overseas. He argues that international ( 5 ) at the senior management level tends to be confined to English-speaking countrie s,rather than running between anglophone nations and China or Latin America, for example. Language may be the (6) barrier here, he suggests, with universityleaders needing top-level contacts and communication skills to deal with governmentand business. Salary may also be a (7) .In Asia, the US researcher adds, universities seeking to attain world-classstatus are increasingly looking to tempt back senior Asian academics who (8) tothe West to study or further their careers. By (9) native-born professors with a background of success at top Western universities to return, Asian institutions are (10) some of the values that made those universities great.Section III: Answering Questions (5%)Directions: Listen to the following passage twice and answer the questions on your answer sheet.1 What should you always wear if you are driving a car?2 How far should you stop from an accident if you are not involved?3 What should you do if you stop behind an accident on a freeway at night?4 Where should you head for if you leave your car at an accident on a freeway?5 If your doors are blocked how should you try to get out of your car?Qualifying Examination for PHD Students: listeningName _________________ Department ___________________Class __________________ University Number _____________Answer SheetSection I （5%）1. ___________2. _________3. ___________4. __________5. ________ Section II (10%)1. ___________2. _________3. ___________4. __________5. ________ 10. __________ 1 2. _________ 13. ___________ 14. __________ 15. ________ Section III (5%)1. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5． ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：54

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题My grandmother has been going to a better dentist, so this（） problems she is having with her dentures.问题1选项A.won’t eliminateB.will be eliminationC.should have been eliminatedD.should help eliminate【答案】D【解析】句意：我的祖母一直在看牙医，所以这应该有助于解决她的假牙问题。

should表示有较大可能实现的推测，且根据句意可知，这里时态应该为一般现在时，所以选项D正确。

2.单选题Our new firm （）for a credible, aggressive individual with great skills to fill this position.问题1选项A.have lookedB.are lookingC.is lookingD.look 【答案】C【解析】句意：我们的新公司正在寻找一个可靠的、有进取心的、有很强技能的人来填补这个职位。

填空处应填入单数谓语动词，选项C符合语境。

3.单选题The role of American women （）significantly from the time the nation was born, to the modern era of the 1950s and 1960s.问题1选项A.has changedB.has been changedC.changedD.had been changed【答案】D【解析】语法知识。

根据句意可知，这里应该用过去完成时态，首先排除选项A和C；role与change之间为被动关系,所以选项D正确。

育明考博资料站-人大考博英语小作文复习重点指导——推荐信

人大考博英语小作文复习重点指导——推荐信大部分年份人大的考博英语的作文部分都包含大小作文两部分，其中小作文占10分，分为求职信、祝贺信、道歉信、询问信、推荐信、感谢信、邀请信、辞职信等等二十多种应用文。

每个类别都有相对固定的语言模式，都有固定词语要求。

推荐信是写信人向收信人推荐某人做某事的信件。

推荐信在西方国家是求职，求学的必备材料。

写推荐信的人必须对被推荐者有一定的了解。

最好有较深的资历，如被推荐者的原单位领导，本专业的专家等，名声越大越好。

除了请别人推荐，也可以自荐。

写作“三步走”：指出写信人和被推荐人的关系，及推荐的原因→概述被荐人的品质、能力、性格等总结说明被推荐人值得被推荐(例如能胜任工作)。

注意：推荐信要多写优点，充分肯定成绩，篇幅不宜过长，但也不能三言两语过于简单。

范文解析：（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式扣扣：547 063 862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八交流群105.619.820）Directions: You are asked to write a recommendation letter of your student, Li Ming, for a position of administrator in a company. Address it to the manager and express your reason(s) clearly.Write the letter with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the letter. Use “Wang Hua”instead. Do not write the address.Dear Sir or Madam,It is with great pleasure that I recommend to you Li Ming, an outstanding graduate majoring in Business Administration.I have been in charge of Mr. Li’s class since they were freshmen, so I know him well. He is courteous, sincere and hardworking. He took several courses in computer science, which strengthened his administration ability. And also his excellent communication ability and good command of English add a lot to his managerial skills.I believe Mr. Li’s education and character undoubtedly qualify him to serve as an administrator in your company. I recommend him without reservation and believe you will find him a helpful and responsible staff member.Sincerely yours,Wang Hua◆常用句式：1、It is with a great pleasure that I recommend to you…很高兴向您推荐……2、It affords me much pleasure to recommend …to you.很高兴向您推荐……3、With reference to your requirements, I shall, without reservation, recommend …as an ideal candidate.根据贵方的要求，我毫无保留地向您推荐……作为理想人选。

人大考博英语汉译英专项练习(1-10,含详解)

人大考博英语汉译英专项练习（1-10，含详解）专项练习1科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。

古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。

今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。

科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。

【参考译文】Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an old-line country, has had a high position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the harvest of technology and civilization with people from rest of the world, but promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field as well. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments home and abroad and integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide so as to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. In doing so, Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in production and people’s life promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to showcase our high-tech achievements and innovative capacity.专项练习2去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10磅。

中国人民大学考博英语词汇文档

北京大学2015考博英语词汇文档(3)在考博英语的基础复习阶段，词汇的记忆是该阶段的集中复习期。

以下为育明考博频道特别整理的《2015考博英语大纲词汇文档》。

请同学们熟记!全国免费电话：四零零六六八六九七八.2015考博交流群：一零五六一九八二零。

联系我们扣扣：二四七八七四八零五四或者四九三三七一六二六。

approval n.批准，通过；赞成，同意approve v.(of)赞成，赞许，同意；批准，审议，通过approximate a.近似的vi.(to)接近April(名)四月apt a.恰当的，适当的；易于…的，有…倾向的arbitrary a.任意的，任性的，主观的；专断的，武断的arch n.拱门，桥拱洞v.拱起，(使)变成弓形architect n.建筑师；设计师；缔造者；创造者architecture n.建筑，建筑学；建筑式样或风格，建筑物area n.面积；地区，地域；领域，范围argue vi.辩论，争论vt.辩论，论证；说服，劝说argument n.争论(吵)，辩论；理由;论证arise v.出现，发生；(from)由…引起，由…产生arithmetic n.算术，四则运算arm n.手臂，扶手，臂状物v.武装；配备n.武器army n.军队，陆军，军；大群，大批around ad.在...周围，到处prep.在..四周(或附近)arouse vt.唤醒，叫醒；唤起，激起arrange v.安排，筹划；整理，使有条理，排列，布置array n.大量；排列；盛装v.列阵；装扮；排列arrest n.逮捕，扣留vt.逮捕，扣留；阻止；吸引arrival n.到达，到来；到达者，到达物arrive vi.到达；(时间、事件)到来，发生；达到arrogant a.傲慢的，自大的arrow n.箭，矢，箭状物；箭头符号art n.艺术，美术；技术，技艺；文科，人文科学artery n.动脉；干线，要道article n.文章，论文；条款，条文；物件；冠词articulate a.善于表达的；有关节相连的v.清楚地讲话artificial a.人工的，人造的，人为的；虚伪的，做作的artist n.艺术家，美术家；(某方面的)能手artistic a.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的as ad.同样地conj.由于；像...一样prep.作为ascend vi.渐渐上升，升高vt.攀登，登上scertain vt.确定，查明，弄清ash n.灰，灰末；(pl.)骨灰；(pl.)废墟ashamed a.惭愧的，羞耻的，害臊的ashore ad.上岸；在岸上，向岸上aside ad.在旁边，到一边n.旁白；离题的话ask vt.问，询问；请求，要求；邀请，约请asleep a.睡觉，睡着(用作表语)aspect n.样子,外表,面貌,(问题等的)方面aspire vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于assassinate vt.暗杀，行刺；中伤assault v.猛烈地攻击，袭击n.突然而猛烈的攻击assemble vt.集合，召集；装配；收集vi.集合，聚集assembly n.集合；会议；装配；(美)洲议会的众议院assert vt.断言,宣称；坚持；主张（权利、权威等）assess vt.(为征税)评估(财产、收入)；征税；评价asset n.(pl.)资产,财产；有价值的物品；天赋assign vt.派给，分配；选定，指定(时间、地点等) assignment n.分配，指派；(指定的)作业，(分派的)任务assimilate vt.吸收，消化；使同化vi.被吸收；被同化assist vt.协助，帮助，促进vi.帮忙，参加assistance n.协作;援助;帮助assistant a.帮助的，辅助的n.助手，助教；辅助物associate vt.联想；交往；联合；n.伙伴；a.联合的association n.联盟，协会，社团；交往，联合；联想assume vt.假装；假定，设想；承担；呈现，采取assumption n.假定，设想；采取；承担；推测；假装assurance n.保证,担保；确信,断言；信心,信念assure vt.使确信，使放心(of)；向…保证astonish vt.使惊讶，使吃惊astronaut n.太空人，太空旅行者astronomy n．天文学at prep.[表示价格、速度等]以，达；在..方面athlete n.运动员，体育家，身强力壮的人atmosphere n.大气(层)；空气；气氛，环境；大气压atom n.原子；微粒，微量attach v.系，贴，装，连接；使成为一部分；使依恋attack v./n.攻击，抨击；着手，开始n.(病)发作attain vt.达到；完成；获得vi.达到attempt vt.企图，试图n.努力，尝试，企图attend vt.出席，参加；照顾，护理vi.注意；侍奉attendance n.出席；出席人数；护理，照料attendant n.陪从；出席人；服务员 a.出席的；伴随的attention n.注意，注意力；立正；特别照顾；照料attitude n.态度，看法(to,toward,about)；姿势attorney n.(业务或法律事务上的)代理人；辩护律师attract vt.引起的注意(或兴趣等),吸引；引起；激起attractive a.吸引人的，引人注意的；漂亮的，迷人的attribute v.(to)归因于,归属于n.属性,品质,特征auction n.／vt.拍卖audience n.听众，观众，读者；见面，会见audio n./a.音频(响)(的)；声音(的)，听觉(的) audit v.审计；查帐；核对；旁听auditorium n.观众席，听众席；会堂，礼堂augment vt.(使)增大，增加，增长，扩张August n.8月aunt n.姨母，姑母，伯母，婶母，舅母，阿姨aural a.听觉的，听力的authentic a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的author n.作者，作家，著作人；创始人，发起人authority n.权力，权威；权威人士；(pl.)官方，当局auto n.(automobile)(口语)汽车automatic a.自动(装置)的；无意识的；n.自动机械automation n.自动，自动化，自动操作autonomy n.自治，自治权；autumn n.秋，秋季；成熟期，渐衰期auxiliary a.辅助的，支援的n.辅助者，辅助设备avail n.[一般用于否定句或疑问句中]效用,利益available a.(用于物)可利用的；可见到的，接受采访的avenue n.林荫路，大街；(比喻)途径，渠道，方法average n.平均,平均数 a.平均的；普通的v.平均avert v.防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等)aviation n.航空，航空学；飞机制造业avoid vt.防止，避免；逃避，避开await vt.等候，期待；(事情等)降临于awake a.醒着的vt.唤醒，使觉醒vi.醒来，醒悟到award vt.授予,给予；判定n.奖,奖金；仲裁aware a.知道的，意识到的；away ad.在远处；离开；渐渐远去；一直；去掉awe n.敬畏，惊惧vt.使敬畏，使惊惧awful a.极度的，极坏的；威严的，可怕的awkward a.笨拙的；尴尬的；使用不便的；难处理的axe n.（ax）斧子；削减vt.用斧砍axis n.轴，轴线，中心线；坐标轴，基准线本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

人大考博英语大纲样题及答案

中国人民大学博士生（非英语专业）入学考试英语考试示例Part I Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best completing the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a singlebar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1．When I heard that Mrs. Thacher resigned, I called her. I wanted her to know that my heart was _____ her.A. forB. ofC. inD. with2. Gentleness has been considered a _____ trait.A. boyishB. delicateC. feminineD. male3. We know that this is ture, but _____ we recognize this truth only in our backward glance.A. all too oftenB. too oftenC. all too lateD. too late4. The retiring professor was _____ by his colleague.A. criticizedB. exaltedC. driven outD. examined5. He is honest. His actions are always _____ his words.A. contradictory toB. contradicted byC. agreed withD. consistent with6. Life is never just _____.A. livingB. beingC. existingD. going7. The lady _____ her skirt by sit on the seat while flying.A. disorderedB. disarrangedC. creasedD. crashed8. You must always be ready to sacrifice _____ to duty.A. inclinationB. tendencyC. interestD. career9. In many countries now, smoking is not _____ in public places.A. permissiveB. permissibleC. permutableD. pernicious10.His pleasant ways _____ me into thinking that he was my good friend.A. deprivedB. despisedC. divertedD. beguiled11._____ animals must be kept in cages in case they might hurt the tourists.A. LandB. DomesticC. ViciousD. Farm12. Almost overnight, Ames became a hero of environmentalists when his finding led to new ____and bans on certain chemicals.A. regulationsB. authoritiesC. ordersD. suggestions13.The ____ noise whistles kept me awake all night.A. incarnateB. incessantC. repetitiousD. rampant14. The baby seems content, he must have ____ his new nursemaid.A. taken toB. taken afterC. taken fromD. taken in15. He had either to leave the country immediately or to surrender himself to the Nazi authorities,and had no other _____.A. alternativeB. hopeC. resourceD. approach16. A good sense of rhythm is one of his natural ____ as a poet.A. endowmentsB. interestC. weaknessesD. accomplishments17. All his attempts to argue about the rightness were _____.A. futileB. not importantC. effective in caseD. without reason18.I ____ lowbrow, admire the highbrow all the more for his patronizing type.A. conceitingB. humbleC. overweeningD. poor19. Lowbrows are quite _____ for highbrows to have their symphonics and their Russion novels.A. contentB. containedC. capacityD. yearn20. As the speed of change brings design ____ fashion, then decisions about taste will have to bemade more and more regularly.A. near toB. nearer toC. next toD. close to21.The dark clouds suggest a(n) _____ storm.A. impendingB. surprisingC. fastD. enexpected22. To our grief, he became ______ to the drug.A. addictedB. interestedC. amusedD. disturbed23.Being a foreigner, Carl did not _____ to the joke.A. appreciateB. catch on toC. laughD. like24. Talks on climate change resulted in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to _____ globalwarming.A. focus onB. combatC. settle downD. sum up25. His parents _____ him to enlist when he was seventeen.A. permittedB. committedC. madeD. enabled26. _____ may think they are better than the facts would justify.A. OptimistsB. PessimistsC. CynicistsD. Humorists27. He quickly _____ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction.A. duckedB. evadedC. escapedD. dodged28. By isolating negative words and phrases, you can _____ the damage you‟re doing to yourself.A. point outB. pointC. pinpointD. get29. It did the _____ service of freeing us from the dilemma.A. immenseB. muchC. lot ofD. innumerous30. Sports, and not learning, seem to _____ in that school.A. appearB. occupyC. dominateD. lead31. The local people could hardly think of any good way to _____ poverty they had endured.A. shake offB. ward offC. put offD. take off32. As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracleappears to depend on a seeming _____. The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.A. interruptionB. descriptionC. qualificationD. contradiction33. His meeting with Picasso was an important _____ in the artist‟s life.A. lessonB. episodeC. sceneD. chapter34. Borders these days have little meaning for Singapore- based regional _____ of electronics firmslike Sanyo and Philips.A. executivesB. officialsC. governorsD. servants35. Unfortunately, the woman‟s hat _____ my view of the stage.A. blocked upB. obstructedC. preventedD. interfered36. Meantime, road construction is _____ on the site of a proposed Tuman River Triangle.A. under wayB. in the wayC. of the wayD. by way37. Everyone knows that the firefly is a _____ insect.A. firingB. lightingC. luminiferousD. glowing38. Preferential policies and ready cooperation do play a role in _____ poverty.A. alleviatingB. activatingC. assaultingD. accustoming39. The fact that these regions are _____ in natural resources doesn‟t mean local people are well off.A. adorableB. accessibleC. abundantD. ambient40. In spite of a problem with the ____ equipment, some very useful work was accomplished.A. imperfectB. temporaryC. emergencyD. reinstalledPart II Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C and D for each question or unfinished statement and mark the corresponding letter with a singel bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1There is extraordinary exposure in the United States ot the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle acidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer that 4 percent of all dirvers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country‟s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be penalized by this approach.To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC can be the basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this lever there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicatd. In Britain, motor vehicle fatalities fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. As the British increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the ensuing three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic beverage will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most fatalities is unclear. In part, the answer depends on the extent to which those with high BAC involved in crashes are capable of controlling their intake in response to economic or penal threat. Therapeutic programs which range from individual and group counseling and psychotherapy to chemotherapy constitute another approach, but they have not diminished the proportion of accidents in which alcohol was a factor. In the few controlled trials that have been reported, there is little evidence that rehabilitation programs of those repeatedly arrested for durnken behavior have reduced either the recidivism or crash involvement for clients exposed to them, although knowledge and attitudes have improved. One thing is clear, however, unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic intoxication plays a role, many will continue to die.41. The author is mainly concerned with _____.A.interpreting the results of surveys on traffic fatalitiesB.reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to curb drunk drivingC.suggesting reasons for the prevalence of drunk driving in the United StatesD.analyzing the causes of the large number of annual traffic fatalities42. It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Safety Act in Britain______.A.required drivers convicted under the law to undergo rehabilitation therapyB.make it illegal to drive while intoxicatedC.increased the number of drunk driving arrestsD.placed a tax on the sale of alcoholic drinks43. The author imples that a BAC of 0.1 percent _____.A.is unreasonalby high as a definition of intoxication for purposes of drivingB.penalizes the moderate drinker while allowing the heavy drinker to consume without limitC.is well below the BAC of most drivers who are involved in fatal collisionsD.proves that a driver has consumed five ounces of 80 proof spirits over a short time44. The author cites the British example in order to _____.A.demonstrate the need to lower BAC levels in states that have laws against drunk drivingB.prove that stricter enforcement of laws against intoxicated drivers would reduce trafficdeathsC.prove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of intoxicated drivers will not deterdrunk drivingD.suggest that taxation of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws45. The author‟s tone of then end of the article can best be described as _____.A. ironicB. indifferentC. admonitoryD. indecisivePassage 2No one can be greater thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who, with due study and preparation, thinks of himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. Not that it is solely, or chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. On the contrary, it is much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which whey are capable of. There have been, and may again be, great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any people has made a temporary approach to such a character, it has been because the dread of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended. Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed; where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiansm was the mind of people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect ot something of the dignity of thinking beings.He who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that. His reasons may be good, and on one may have been able to refute them. But if he is equally unble to refute the reasons on the opposite side; if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for him would be suspension of judgement, and unless he contents himself with that, he is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which he feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that he should hear the arguments of adversaries from his own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with his own mind. He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. He must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the s ubject has to encounter and dispose of else he will never really possess himself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in hundred of what are called educated men are inthis condition: even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be ture, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from and considered what such persons may have to say, and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder; the considerations which show that a fact with seeminlgy conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.46. According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find ____.A.acceptance of truthB.enthusiasmC.controversy over principlesD. a suspension of judgement47. Which of the following statements is true, according to the author?A.Most education people study both sides of a questionB.Heterodox speculation will lead to many errors in thinking.C.The vast majority of people who argue fluently are acquainted with only one side of anissue.D.It is wise to get both sides of a debatable issue from one‟s teachers48. As it is used in line 4 of the passage, the word …suffer‟ most nearly means _____.A. endureB. undergoC. permitD. support49. It can be inferred from the passage that a person who knows only his own side of an issue isregarded by the author as ______.A. uniformedB. opinionatedC. ignorantD. rational50. Which of the following statements do you think the author would be most likely to agree with?A. A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.B.Periods of intellectual achievement are of heterodox speculation.C.In a period of mental slavery, no true intellectual thought is possilbeD.Excessive controversy prevents clear thinking.Passage 3Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy‟s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generated half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.Too many of these pioneers, however, will balze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Mid-career executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also , at least for a while, be bookeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had workded with the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm‟s health in its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small –business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitabiliby. They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product have evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.Frequent checks of your firm‟s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot idea.51.According to the passage, a country‟s economy is probably decided by ______.A.the prosperity and decline of the transnational corporationsB.the rise and fall of the markets and products as well as capitalC.the fate of the small businesses such as small plants and restaurantsD.the economic increase and decrease of the large companies52. In order to succeed in a business, the entrepreneur should _______.A.get very well prepared for his new busnissB.choose a business he‟s already familiar withC.examine the company‟s crucial signs now and thenD.invest as much as possible into his enterprise53. Which of the following statement about small business is not ture?A.It helps effectively to fight unemployment.B.The earlier it starts, the sooner it collapsesC.There‟s a good omen for small business according to a survey.54. What does the last sentence in the 3rd paragraph mean according to the passage?A.The patient is seriously ill because of lack of water in the well.B.The patient can be saved if he has enough money to solve the financial problem.C.It‟s too late for small business owners to realize the gravity of the problem because theyhave used up their money.D.I t‟s urgentfor small business owners to pour all their money into the enterprise to revitalizetheir business.55. What‟s the main idea of this passage?A.How to become a winner in small business.B.How to be a successful boss in multinational corporations.C.How to deal with ups and downs in small business.D.How to conquer new markets and gain the largest profit.Passage 4The World Health Organization (WTO) is in trouble. Its leader is accused of failing to lead, and as the roganization drifts, other bodies, particularly the World Bank, are setting the global health agenda . Western governments want the WHO to set realistic targets and focus its energy on tackling major killer such as childhood diseases and tobacco.The WHO clearly needs to set priorities. Its total budget of $0.9 billion – around 10 p for each man, woman and child in the world – cannot solve all the wolrd‟s health problems. Yet its senior management does not seem willing to narrow the organization‟s focus. Instead it is trying to be all things to all people and losing dependability.Unfortuanately, the arguments for priority- setting is being seriouisly undermined by the US, one of the chief advocators of change. The US is trying to reduce its contribution to the WHO‟s regular budget from a quarter of the total to a fifth. That would leave the organization $20 million short this year, on top of the substantial debts the US already owes.The WHO may need priorities, but it certainly doesn‟t need budget cuts. Thanks to ther US‟s failure to pay its bills, many of the poorer nations see priority-setting as merely a cover forcost-cutting that would hit their health programs hard.The WHO would not serve poorer countries any worse if it shaprened its focus. It would probably serve them better. In any case, a shaprer foucs should not mean that less money is needed. When the US demands cuts, it simply fuels disputes between the richer and poorer countires and gives the WHO‟s senior management more time to postpone.The American action is not confiend to the WHO. It wants eventually to cut its contributions to the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Labor Organization too. But it knows that dissatisfaction with the WHO and its leadersip made the organization vulneralbe. It if wins against the WHO, the rest will lose out in their turn.America‟s share of the budget is already a concession. Each nation‟s contribution to the UN agencies is calculated according to its wealth, and by that measuere the US should be paying about28 percent of the WHO budget. But over the past three decades the US has gradually reduced what it pays the organization. The US should not ask for future cuts. Until it pays its full share of money, it will hold back the organization‟s much needed reforms.The world needs the WHO. The World Bank may have a bigger budget, but it sees improved health as jost one part of economic and social development. The WHO remains the only organization committed to health for all, regradless of wealth.56. How much of the WHO‟s budget should the United States pay in terms of its wealth?A. A quarterB. 28%C. More than $ 20 milllionD. A fifth57. Which of the following can best characterize ther US?A.It has stopped demanding reforms.B.Its managemtnt is inefficient.C.It is trying to pay less to WHO.D.Its government is not responsive.58. What does the author mean when he interprets the urge for a sharper focus?A.The US will be justified in cutting its financial contribution.B.More heated argumenteds will be unavoidable between richer and poorer countries.C.There should be better service for poor countries but no cost-cutting.D.The poorer countries will not receive more benefits.59. What is the United State‟s strategy to fight all those organizations according to the author?A.To defeat them all one by one.B.To defeat the WHO first and the others will give up.C.To exclusive cut contributions to the WHO.D.To cut contributions to all the organizations.60. Which of the following world organizations has the weakest leadership according to the passage?A.The International Labor OrganizationB.The Food and Agriculture Organization.C.The Wolrd Health OrganizationD.The World BankPassage 5The practice of capital punishement is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted exectutions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and dabate over whether governments should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign against capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions during this period include French authors Voltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terribe crimes. Those who advocate the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effictive punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as human rights sissue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoints, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.61. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times _____.A.death penalty had been carried out before government came into beingB.people thought it was right for the government to conduct exectionsC.death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countriesD.many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel62. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?A.People began to criticize their government.B.The government was unjust in this period.C.People began to realize the value of life.D.Social critics were very active at that time.63. Critics of capital punishment insist that it _____.A.violate human rights regulationsB.is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsC.is just the revenge for terrible crimesD.involves killing without mercy64. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty_____.A.agree that it is a human rights issueB.agree that it can prevent crimesC.explain its statistical analyses differentlyD.think that they are asked different types of questions65. The author‟s attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as ______.A. supportiveB. criticalC. neutralD. contradictoryPassage 6The sound of gunshots has become an all too familiar and unwelcome occurrence in many communities across the nation. When shots ring out, 911 calls from worried citizens may come from a large area. Unfortuately, even with numerous reports, police are ofter frustrated in their efforts to silence this gunfire because they cannot pinpoint the location of gunshots rapidly. A U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientist recognized that sound waves traveling through the air away from a gunshot are basically similar to the sound waves traveling through the ground away from an earthquake. Scientist then have adapted their methods for quickly finding the exacty source of an earthquake to the problem of locating gunshots.Field testing of a gunshot-locating system inspired by earthquake technology began in 1995. After only a few weeks of testing and improving the software, the system was locating many signals that were clearly associated with gunfire. Automatic weapons fire was the easiest to identify because of the regular time interval between individual shots. The system was more sensive during the night, when there was less background noise from traffic and other urban activity. By the last spring , the system was undergoing final acceptance trials. Captian Jim Granucci of the Redwood City Police Department stated that “ even before the system was in use, the number of illegal gunshots declined as word of its existence speread. “In this test the gunshot-locating system worked remarkable well, and according to Commander Dominick Peloso of Menlo Park Police Department, “This system, when fully developed, holds great promise for assisting police in controlling and reducing violent crime.”When the results of the test were made public, there was an enthusiastic response from San Francisco Bay area residents, who asked local government officials to impletment such systems in their cmmunities. Interest was also expressed by private firms and law enforcement agencies both in California and elsewhere in the nation. Robert Showen, founder of a company that is now marketing a gunshot-locating system, said, “The USGS test demonstrated beyond a doubt that the concept was feasible and could be implemented quickly. Without this test, I would have been hisitant to invest in the development of my product.”66. The problem of gunfire is difficult to solve because _______.A.few people would like to report gunshots to the policeB.few policemen are available to capture the criminalsC.people are indifferent to the familiar sound of gunshotsD.the police cannot immediately rush to the scene of gunshots67. It can be learned that the gunshot-locating system _______.A.is more effective within a short distanceB.is proved to be more reliable at nightC.is not affected by background noiseD.is not sensitive to automatic weapons。

育明考博资料站-人大考博英语翻译试题复习答题综述

人大考博英语翻译试题复习答题综述一、翻译的题型特点a.体裁以议论文为主，内容和意义比较抽象。

b.题材具有明显的偏向文科领域的趋势。

c.句子长，结构复杂、从句多的句子划线。

二、考博翻译的考试内容a. 考察专有名词、习惯用法和多义词的翻译人名、地名、国家名称、组织机构名称，术语，习惯用法，多义词，熟词生义。

b. 考察一般性翻译技巧，包括词义选择、词序调整、词性转换和增词法。

c. 考察具体句型的翻译步骤和方法，包括定语和定语从句、状语和状语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、并列结构、比较结构、倒装结构、插入结构、被动结构和形式主语等。

三、考博翻译的评分标准分段给分、微观评分、综合扣分（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式扣扣：547 063 862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八交流群105.619.820）四、考博翻译应对策略应对策略：两个关键。

一是理解的关键在于理解英语的语法结构、逻辑结构。

二是表达的关键在于根据汉语习惯对于译入语进行适当调整。

育明考博英语辅导老师们提醒2012年的考生们在复习的时候需要注意的是以下几点：(1) 能直译不意译。

直译不符合汉语习惯的时候，要意译。

另外，还有一些有固定翻译方法的语法结构和搭配也要遵循惯用意译方法。

例如：IT is well-known (that…) 习惯译法是众所周知。

(2) 只加不减的原则。

这是从信息量的覆盖层面来说的。

因为英文中有些词汇有特定含义，还有在并列结构中大量使用省略。

为了忠实于原文，我们要尽量在翻译时覆盖所有原文携带的信息。

以免出现因为信息减损出现的扣分。

例如：2001年真题中出现的“doll”，不能翻译成“玩具”，而必须翻成“玩具娃娃”才能得分。

(3) 适当运用翻译技巧。

考博英语翻译试题，如果不能够运用一定的翻译技巧，很难将译文处理到位。

也很难达到“达”的翻译标准。

五、考博翻译的步骤1.步骤：a.快速阅读全文，把握文章主旨和文体文章是一个有机整体，不看文章翻译其中的句子，必然会导致断章取义。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：94

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题How can you （） and watch the country go to ruin?问题1选项A.stand byB.stand forC.stand upD.stand up for【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。

stand by袖手旁观，站在旁边；stand for代表，象征；stand up站起来，坚持；stand up for支持，拥护。

句意：你怎么能袖手旁观，看着这个国家走向毁灭呢?选项A符合句意。

2.单选题People innately（） for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.问题1选项A.striveB.ascertainC.justifyD.adhere 【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。

strive for意为“争取, 奋斗”；选项B为及物动词；选项C和D通常与介词to搭配。

所以选项A正确。

3.单选题It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized, they become bound up with the techniques and implementation of the managerial process, and may concentrate on concern with position and self-advancement. In so doing, they may neglect the purpose for which they were set up.Thus, they do not facilitate the development of those who are part of the school community, and tend to neglect the desires of children, parents and society at large.It is because of such criticisms that there has been an increasing influence in political rhetoric and legislation of free-market theories of organization and society. Such theories suggest that a much more market-oriented, competitive approach is required so that schools reorient themselves towards their “clients”. By so doing, it is claimed, not only do they once again address the needs of those with whom they should be primarily concerned, but such an approach also unleashes the benefits of individual responsibility, freedom of choice, and reward.Though much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory, and this must raise the question of whether it can be viably transferred to an educational context. Indeed, if by “educational” we mean the development of all within the school community, then free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section, “the consumers”. If teachers are seen as part of this community, then their development is just as important.If bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of explaining how their values can be objective when they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation, the forms of management derived from free-market theories, suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values, are subject to the charge of relativism. In other words, free-market theories, granted that they are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends, must explain why any set of values, including their own, is preferable to another.1.According to the author, criticism of schools arises from （）.2.The “school community”( Line 3, Para. 4) the author refers to would probably include （）.3.The transfer of free market ideas to the schools may fail because （） .4.According to the text, criticism of free market solutions in education arise from the fact that （）.5.The “charge of relativism” menti oned in the last paragraph is meant to show （）.问题1选项A.concerns that schools deliberately neglect studentsB.the high cost of education due to bureaucracyC.a perception of them as self-serving and bureaucraticD.a misunderstanding of schools officials问题2选项A.studentsB.students and parentsC.students, parents and teachersD.teachers and students问题3选项A.schools have no real clientsB.they concentrate only on the consumer and do not include teachersC.schools are totally different from the free marketD.they have no solid purpose in their aims问题4选项A.they do not explain why their set of values are better than othersB.their values are too subjectiveC.their values are too different from those within an educational contextD.the educational context is not a free market问题5选项A.the values are too narrow-mindedB.the values are not specific enoughC.the values are too self-servingD.the values are not strongly held【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节推断题。

人大考博英语翻译真题模拟练习资料-育明考博-育明考博

人大考博英语翻译真题模拟练习资料-育明考博对于每一个英语句子的翻译, 并不只是使用一种翻译方法, 而是多种翻译方法的综合运用, 这在英语长句的翻译中表现得尤为突出。

长句在科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁, 因此也就成为研究生入学考试的重点, 通过对近年来试题的分析我们可以看出, 所考查的绝大多数划线的部分都是长句。

无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。

其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。

一、英语长句的分析一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。

在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。

(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。

(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。

(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。

(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。

下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。

中国人民大学考博英语写作素材

中国人民大学考博英语写作素材写作是需要充分的安静的。

喜欢安静，又有点怪癖?固执的作家埃姆莉太太讨厌无聊声音的烦扰，乐意享受夜间静谧的环境……需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

Cobwebs(蜘蛛网)hang lazily from the cracked plaster ceilings. Dust has piled thickly on the paper.Books are placed everywhere,on tall shelves and low shelves,in unsteady(不稳定的)stacks on floor, coffee table,lounge and piano,in boxes,cupboards and wardrobes(大衣柜).A reading lamp casts a single bright circle on the green cloth of the dining table,and a woman’s head bent low over them.Her hair crinkles(成波浪状)like tarnished(失去光泽的)metal.As she writes, her brown arm moves slowly across the circle of light,the faint scratching of her pen is the only sound in the room.Loud strikes at the front door shatters(打碎)the calm.The writer sighs,starts to lay down her pen,but with a shake of her head resumes writing.The over-enthusiastic knocking at the door is repeated.The house is vibrated:millions of tiny dust particles shiver and twirl(旋转)chaotically(无秩序地)through the air,fragments of plaster tremble along the cracks,spiders hurry to their corners.She hears footsteps pass the curtained window in front of her,the frail and dusted back gate opens with only a brief creak(吱吱的响声).Pushing back her chair,she stands rigidly,revealing the red glow of a heater in the dark cave under the table,and walks slowly through the cold kitchen to the back door.As she opens the back door,she finds there stands a young man on her threshold,who is from the flats across the road.He’s storing things in her garage.“Hi,Mrs Embley.I just want to ask if you’d mind if I put up a few shelves in the shed?”Shelves...timber...nails...hammering...noise!“Uh,no,I don’t think that’s a good idea:Donald wouldn’t like it.”“Oh,Donald is back,isn’t he?”“Of course.I told you he has just gone up the street.”“Yeah,haven’t seen him,but OK.It doesn’t matter.See you.”“Wait!It really would be best if you didn’t disturb us in the house.Donald needs peace and quiet for his work,you see.Just come and go to the garage,as you want,no need to ask.A1right?”“Fair enough,”he nods,and disappears down the side path.She shivers a little,glancing briefly at the vaguely familiar wildness of the yard before shutting and bolting the door.Donald used to look after it,but she no longer remembers how long since he went,nowhere he said he was st winter?Or the one before?A cup of tea,she thinks,then on to that troublesome chapter five. Searching vainly for biscuits,she curses gently.Such a waste of time,shopping.Perhaps she’ll just go to the petrol station on the corner again;they have a few things,and they certainly have biscuits.She fetches her coat from the wardrobe.The hat she wears on her head is an old gardening one,but the mirror door,hanging by a hinge, shows only a haggard(憔悴的)and lanky(瘦长的)sight of her figure, and she leaves the house.Returning ten minutes later with her stopgap(权宜的)shopping, she remembers to clear the mailbox.She skims(快速浏览)through the pile of letters and finds that most are sent to her for manuscripts. These publishers can be so pushy(热心的).She’ll deal with them later.Now for chapter five!Tea and biscuits at her hand,the heater at her feet,silence and the night screen like a protective curtain all around her.She turns to the beginning to reread what she has finished and regain the imagined world.The first paragraph is only a working one,but it has,she feels, a good title to it:When Shadows Fall,by Donald Embley.注释:belowreadspin/weavehotdisturbshutoildescribedeal本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

中国人民大学考博英语真题核心词汇集锦

中国人民大学考博英语真题核心词汇集锦1.colonial[kə'ləunjəl] a.殖民地的，关于殖民的n.殖民地居民2.colony['kɔləni]n.殖民地;侨民;聚居区;(动植物的)群体3.color['kʌlə]n.(=colour)颜色;颜料;肤色v.给…着色4.column['kɔləm]"n.圆柱,柱状物;列;(报刊中的)专栏"b[kəum]n.梳子v.梳(理)bat"['kɔmbæt,kəm'bæt]""v./n.战斗,搏斗,格斗"bination"[,kɔmbi'neiʃən]"n.结合，联合;化合;团体;组合数码。

bine[kəm'bain]v.联合;结合;化合n.集团;联合企业e[kʌm]v.来;出现于，产生;是，成为;开始，终于edy['kɔmidi]n.喜剧;喜剧性事件需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

fort['kʌmfət]n.舒适，安逸;安慰，慰问v.安慰，使舒适fortable['kʌmfətəbl]a.舒适的，舒服的;感到舒适的，安逸的ic['kɔmik] a.喜剧的，滑稽的n.连环漫画杂志;喜剧演员mand[kə'mɑ:nd]n./v.命令，指挥，控制n.掌握，运用能力memorate[kə'meməreit]vt.纪念，庆祝mence[kə'mens]vt.开始vi.获得学位mend[kə'mend]v.称赞，表扬：委托保管;推荐ment['kɔment]"n.注释,评论,意见v.(on)注释,评论"merce['kɔmə:s]n.商业，贸易;交际，交往mercial[kə'mə:ʃəl]a.商业的;商务的;可获利的n.广告节目mission[kə'miʃən]"n.委员会;委任,委托(书),代办;佣金,手续费"mit[kə'mit]"v.把…交托给,提交;犯(错误),干(坏事)"mittee[kə'miti]"n.委员会,全体委员"modity[kə'mɔditi]n.(pl.)日用品;商品;农/矿产品;有用之物mon['kɔmən] a.普通的;共同的;一般的;n.公有地monplace['kɔmənpleis] a.普通的，平庸的n.寻常的事物，平庸的东西monwealth['kɔmənwelθ]"n.共和国,联邦,共同体"municate[kə'mju:nikeit]"v.传达,传送;交流;通讯,通话"munication"[kə,mju:ni'keiʃən]""n.通讯,传达;(pl.)通讯系统;交通(工具)"munism['kɔmjunizəm]n.共产主义munity[kə'mju:niti]"n.同一地区的全体居民,社会,社区;共同体"mute[kə'mju:t]"v.乘公交车上下班,乘车(船等)往返于两地"pact[kəm'pækt]"a.紧密的,结实的;简明的v.使紧凑,压缩"panion[kəm'pænjən]"n.同伴,共事者;伴侣"pany['kɔmpəni]"n.公司;陪伴;宾客;连(队),(一)群,队,伙"parable['kɔmpərəbl]"a.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的"parative[kəm'pærətiv]"a.比较的,相当的"pare[kəm'pεə]vt.(to，with)比较;(to)把…比作vi.相比parison[kəm'pærisən]"n.比较,对比,比喻,比拟"partment[kəm'pɑ:tmənt]"n.卧车包房,(客车车厢内的)隔间;分隔的空间"pass['kʌmpəs]"n.罗盘,指南针;(pl.)圆规"passion[kəm'pæʃən]n.同情;怜悯(for)patible[kəm'pætəbl]"a.能和睦相处的,合得来的;兼容的"pel[kəm'pel]"v.强迫,迫使"pensate['kɔmpenseit]"v.(for)补偿,赔偿"pensation"[,kɔmpen'seiʃən]"n.补偿(或赔偿)的款物;补偿，赔偿pete[kəm'pi:t]vi.比赛;竞争;对抗petent['kɔmpitənt] a.有能力的，能胜任的;足够的petition"[,kɔmpi'tiʃən]"n.竞争，比赛;角逐，较量;[总称]竞争者petitive[kəm'petitiv]a.竞争的;好竞争的;(价格等的)有竞争力的本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

人大考博英语资料小汇总

人大的英语做起来比上财难，题量大，阅读题难度和考研差不多吧，有辞汇题，辞汇量不大，但要进行近义词辨析和搭配，个别题目很难选，翻译有英翻汉和汉翻英，英翻汉不难，是和经济搭边的一篇小文章，汉翻英是考研阅读的一篇文章挖出来的，我感觉不难。

时刻比较紧吧，个人感觉不难2021年中国人民大学考博英语真题作文部份“Major Study and English Learning”。

免费分享给奋战在第一线的同志们。

另，汉译英竟然是有关“青州佛像”的一段散文。

今年英语题型发生了一些转变，阅读由以前的6篇改成4篇，加入了完形填空，共20个空白，取消了小作文。

英语大伙儿普遍感觉不难、前面辞汇可能有些把握性不是很足，后面的40分主观题都不是很难，而且时刻也很充沛，可是结果出来分数都不是很高，和预期的分数有不小的差距，估量后面的主观题改的比较严，今年的英语线也划到了55分，是历年最低的一年。

2020考完后，整理了一下自己的体会，回忆了一下考题。

英语真题英语题型没变 1填词四选一较难，但听说是在研究生教材里的（20）。

2阅读辞汇简单，但数量较多，共六篇。

听说还有一道是以前的考研题（30）。

3汉译英比较简单（10），英译汉题量较大，可最后做这道题（10）。

4小作文：托室友照看你的宠物狗。

用英文提示很多，较简单，几乎照抄就行（10）。

5大作文仍是话题：政府是不是应该加大对农村的教育投入（20）12年人大考博英语题型：辞汇20题20分；完型20题20分；阅读四篇20题20分。

12年的这三类题型都比较简单，估量六级水平左右。

另两类提示是英翻中10分、中翻英10分和大作文20分。

只是一样情形下来讲每一年的人大考博英语题量比较大的。

人大的辞汇题部份共40道题，每道题分，共20分。

要求考生从所给的四个选项当选出可用在句中的最适当词或词组，考题中显现的辞汇、词组、短语等都是重要的备考知识点。

这部份要紧测试考生把握的辞汇量，是不是具有依照上下文对词和词组意义进行判定的能力和对语法的应用能力。