逻辑哲学论 维特根斯坦

逻辑哲学论维特根斯坦

1 世界就是所有为真的一切。

( The world is everything that is the case)

1.1 世界是所有事实，而非事物，的总和。

(The world is the totality of facts，not of things )

1.11 世界是由事实所决定的，并且由全部事实所决定。

(The world is determined by the facts, and by these being all the facts.)

1.12 因为事实的总和既断定了什么是真的，也断定了什么不是真的。

(For the totality of facts determines both what is the case, and also all that is not the case.)

1.13 逻辑空间中的事实(所有为真的)就是整个世界

(The facts in logical space are the world)

1.2 世界可以分解为事实

( The world divides into facts。)

1.2.1 任一事实或者为真，或者不为真，其它所有事实皆然。

(Any one can either be the case or not be the case, and everything else remains the same.)

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2 那些为真的事实，是由原子事实组成的。

(What is the case，the fact, is the existence of atomic facts.)

2.01 一个原子事实是多个对象(或实体，事物)的组合。( object !!)

(An atomic fact is a combination of objects(entities，things.)

2.011 事物的一个基本性质就是，它可以成为某个原子事实的一个组成部分

(It is essential to a thing that it can be a constitute part of an atomic fact)

......

2.013 每个事物都是，正如假设的那样，处于一个由可能的原子事实空间之中；我可以

想象这样的空间为空，我却无法想象一个无原子事实空间可依的事物。

(Everything is, as it were, in a space of possible atomic facts; I can think of this space as empty,

but not of the thing without the space.)

2.014 对象包含了事务的全部状态的可能性(?)

(Objects contain the possibility of all states of affairs)

.......

2.02 对象是简单的(基本的)

(The Object is simple.)

2.0201 每个关于复杂事物的陈述都可以分解为对其组成部分的陈述，而且能被分解成能完全描述这些复杂事物的陈述。

(Every statement about complexes can be analysed into a statement about their constituent parts, and into those propositions which completely describe the complexse.)

2.021 对象形成了世界的基础。因而它们不会是复合物。

(Objects form the substance of the world.Therefore they cannnot be compound.)

2.022 尽管我们主观想象中的世界和现实的客观世界是不同的，但是它们之间显然有些东西――一种模式――是相同的。

(It is clear that however different from the real one an imagined world may be

it must have somthing -- a form -- in common with the real world。)

2.023 这种固定不变的模式由对象组成。

(This fixed form consists of the objects)

2.026 只有存在对象，才能有一个固定模式的世界的存在。

(Only if there are objects can there be a fixed form of the world)

2.03 在原子事实中，对象如一条锁链相互连接。

(In the atomic fact objects hang one in another，like the links of a chain)

2.031 在原子事实中，对象以某种确定的方式相连。

(In the atomic fact the objects are combined in a difinite way)

2.032 原子事实中对象相互连接的方式即是原子事实的结构

(The way in which objects hang together in the atomic fact is

the structure of the atomic fact)

......

2.034 事实的结构存在于原子事实的结构之中

(The structure of the fact consists in the structures of the atomic facts)

2.04 存在的原子事实的总和即是世界