张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(第3版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】(Lesson

Lesson 10 “A More Perfect Union” (Part II)

一、词汇短语

1. pervasive adj. existing in all parts of a place or thing;

spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing普遍深入的2. mortgage n. a legal arrangement by which you borrow money

from a bank or similar organization in order to buy a house, and pay

back the money over a period of years 抵押贷款，按揭

3. amass v. if you amass money, knowledge, information etc., you

gradually collect a large amount of it 积聚（尤指财富），积累，大量收集4. bequeath v. (formal) to leave (property) to another by last will

and testament; to hand down to posterity遗赠，遗留，把……传下去

5. erosion n. 1) the process by which the surface of something is

gradually destroyed through the action of wind, rain, etc.腐蚀，侵蚀；2) the

process of gradually destroying something or making it weaker over a

period of time逐步损害，削弱

6. blight n. anything that destroys, prevents growth, or causes devaluation 不良影响，打击

7. constricted adj. tight or narrow, limited or restricted 收缩的；狭窄的

8. languishing adj. to become weaker or fail to make

progress日趋衰弱的，苦思的，渴望的

9. humiliation n. a feeling of being ashamed or

stupid and having lost the respect of other people; the act of making

somebody feel like this羞辱，蒙耻

10. gin up v. to come up with; generate使形成，发生

11. pulpit n. an elevated platform of a high reading desk used in

preaching or conducting a worship service（教堂的）讲道坛

12. pew n. originally a compartment in the auditorium of a church

providing seats for several persons; now a long bench with a back, in a

church教堂内的靠背长凳

13. truism n. an undoubted or self-evident truth, esp. one too

obvious for mention真实性

14. squarely adv. 1) directly; not at an angle or to one side方形

地，直角地，四角地；2) directly or exactly; without confusion直接地，断

然地，干脆地

15. complicity n. association of partnership in or as in a wrongful act同谋，共犯

16. forging v. 1)to put a lot of effort into making something

successful or strong so that it will last锻炼；2) to make an illegal copy of

something in order to cheat people伪造

17. chasm n. a deep crack in the earth’s surface; abyss; any break or

gap; a wide divergence of feelings, sentiments, interest, etc. 深坑，裂口

18. dump v. to get rid of somebody/something or leave them for

somebody else to deal with倾倒(垃圾)，倾卸，摆脱，转嫁（责任等）

19. stagnant adj. not developing, growing or changing停滞的，迟钝的

20. zero sum adj. of, relating to, or being a situation (as a

game or relationship) in which a gain for one side entails a

corresponding loss for the other side零和的

21. bogus adj. not true or real, although someone is trying to make

you think it is 假冒的，伪造的

22. reverse v. to change something completely so that it is the

opposite of what it was before颠倒，倒转

23. counterproductive adj. having the

opposite effect to the one which was intended反生产的，使达不

到预期目标的

24. culprit n. (informal) the reason for a particular problem or

difficulty问题的起因，困难的起源；犯人，罪犯

25. lobbyist n. a person whose job involves trying to influence

politicians or the government and, for example, persuade them to

support or oppose a change in the law活动议案通过者，说客

26. legitimate adj. allowed and acceptable according to

the law合法的，合理的，正统的

27. grievance n. a belief that you have been treated unfairly, or