POMPEII庞贝古城中英文解析ppt知识分享
庞贝古城
Cherish your life~~
^v^
II. Liquid（液态）----Lava flows（熔岩流）
III. Solid（固态）----Volcanic ash, volcanic bombs(火山弹)， Volcanic dust，and so on
.
Lava flows
熔岩流
Volcanic ash 火山灰
Lapilli
火山砾
Debris [`deibri:]残骸 Remains 遗骸 Erosion [i‘rəuʒən]腐蚀 Fertile ['fə:tail]肥沃的 Fissure[‘fiʃə]裂缝 Gaseous [‘ɡæsiəs]气体 Granitic[ɡræ‘nitik]花岗石的 Intermittently [intə‘mitəntli]间歇 地 Magma[‘mæɡmə]岩浆 Mudflow[‘mʌdfləu]泥流 Potassium [pə‘tæsjəm]钾 Extinct volcano死火山
岩浆活动穿过地壳，到达地面或伴随有水气和 灰渣喷出地表，形成特殊结构和锥状形态的 山体。火山是炽热地心的窗口，是 地球上最具爆发性的力量。
HOW?
地壳之下100至150千米处，有一个“液态区”， 区内存在着高温、高压下含气体挥发份的熔融 状硅酸盐物质，即岩浆。它一旦从地壳薄弱 的地段冲出地表，就形成了火山。
Vesuvius 1631 and 1694
Mount Vesuvius
The Gymnasium（体育馆）
The theatre
The Fresco(壁画)
Vesuvius eruption ＆ Rediscovery
extinct volcano 死火山 dormant volcano 休眠火山
《庞贝古城》课件
考古学家一层一层地挖开火山岩屑，深埋在地下的庞贝城终于“出 土”了。曾被淹没的庞贝为古罗马文明的研究提供了难得的史料。 在一幕幕重见天日的遗迹前，人们对往昔的怀念是如此地生动，几 乎触手可及。这就使今日的庞贝充满了无穷的魅力。庞贝人奔放的 个
难怪德国诗人歌德看见庞贝后说：“在世界上发生的诸多灾难中， 还从未有过任何灾难像庞贝一样，它带给后人的是如此巨大的愉 悦。”而法国历史学家泰纳从庞贝归来后感叹道：“那时候的人， 是用整个身体活着。” 徜徉在庞贝城中，望着那一座座建筑，满眼的断壁残垣，心中 不自觉地会生出很多感慨。你会慨叹面临自然的灾难，人类生命是 何等的脆弱；你会慨叹会经过2000年的尘封，庞贝城竟然还会如此 完整地重现在我们的面前；你更会慨叹人类的智慧、劳动所孕育的 巨大创造力，而这创造力使得人类不断地发展从而走到了今天，而 且还将继续走下去。。。
最伟大的古代文明遗址
庞贝是古罗马文明最有意义的见证之一。 它像一本打开的书，向我们展示着其往昔辉煌 时期的艺术、风俗、手工艺及日常生活。该城 从悠悠世纪的漆黑中再现，就像具有毁灭性的 维苏威火山爆发喷出的火山岩灰的厚层突然覆 盖它时那样。那是公元79年。这场悲剧是巨大 的：在这曾是古罗马时代最有活力、最为昌盛 的中心之一，生命永远停息了。火山喷发物的 厚层将它淹没了，但由于该厚层的大部分是由 非坚硬的火山灰和火山砾组成，所以使庞贝无 论在其建筑还是在其居住区和店铺内部的方方 面面上都得以保存完整至今，构成一幅难以置 信、魅力无穷的“日常”生活。
庞贝城内
富人家墙上的维纳斯诞生画
庞贝城占地面积1.8平方米，用石头砌建的城墙周 长4.8千米，在塔楼14座，城门7个，蔚为壮观。纵 横的4条石铺大街组成一个“井”字形，全城分割成 9区，每城区又有很多大街小巷相通，金属车轮在大 街上碾出了深深的车辙，历历在目，仿佛马车刚刚 驶过一般。在大街的十字路口都设有高近1米，长约 2米的石头水槽，用来向市民供水。那么水槽里的水 又是从哪里引来的呢？原来水槽与城里的水塔相通， 水塔的水则是通过砖石砌成的渡槽从城外高山上引 进来的。然后分流到各个十字路口的公共水槽中， 这个系统也为贵族富商庭院的喷泉和鱼池供水。城 西南有一个长方形广场，是全城政治、经济和宗教 中心，四周建有官署、法庭、神庙和市场。
庞贝古城中英文解析PPT课件
POMPEII
Location
POMPEII
Uncovering the City
HOUSE OF FAUN
HOUSE OF VETTI
Pompeii
Beware of dog
FORUM
Pompeii
GRAFFITI
Graffiti walls
49
STREETS
Recognized as Pompeii in 1736. Fully excavated in 1748 Skeletons found in 1982 that may have
boarded ships. All excavations finished in 1983
Current restoration and conservation
When You Do Your Best, Failure Is Great, So Don'T Give Up, Stick To The End
感谢聆听
不足之处请大家批评指导
Please Criticize And Guide The Shortcomings
演讲人：XXXXXX 时 间：XX年XX月XX日
Many repairs and reconstruction Trying to Carry on with life as usual Booming Economy
Large Mediterranean trade point Holiday Villas of the Rich profiting
Wells dried up 10 days before Cows on the hills were behaving strangely
POMPEII庞贝古城中英文解析ppt只是分享
Many died from Thermal Shock
At least 750oF
Eruption cont…
Long periods of inactivity at Vesuvius
False sense of security People were not aware of
POMPEII
Location
பைடு நூலகம்
POMPEII
Uncovering the City
HOUSE OF FAUN
HOUSE OF VETTI
Pompeii
Beware of dog
FORUM
Pompeii
GRAFFITI
Graffiti walls
49
STREETS
Many repairs and reconstruction Trying to Carry on with life as usual Booming Economy
Large Mediterranean trade point Holiday Villas of the Rich profiting
6th Century BC, under Greek rule 400 BC: Conquered by Samnites 80 BC: Conquered by Rome
Pompeii: Before the Eruption
Recovering from Earthquake of 62 A.D.
Recognized as Pompeii in 1736. Fully excavated in 1748 Skeletons found in 1982 that may have
现代大学英语第二册Unit10Pompeii
Writing essays helps to develop coherent arguments and evidence-based writing. It involves learning different essay formats and structures, as well as practice in writing different types of essays.
Predicate
The predicate is the part of the sentence that expresses an action or state of being and typically includes a verb.
Modifier
A modifier is a word or phrase that adds descriptive information to the subject or predicate. Adjectives and adverbs are common types of modifiers.
Grammar and punctuation
Essay writing
Writing for different purposes
Writing skills
Developing the ability to listen actively and understand the main points of what is being said is essential for effective communication. This involves asking questions, clarifying points, and paraphrasing to ensure understanding.
POMPEII庞贝古城中英文解析精品PPT课件
Warning signs People were unprepared Curiosity instead of fear
Eruption of August 24-25 79AD
Eruptions took 17 hrs
Big and small one People that were left behind were either the old
or the young.
Many died from Thermal Shock
At least 750oF
Eruption cont…
Long periods of inactivity at Vesuvius
False sense of security People were not aware of
POMPEII
Location
POMPEII
Uncovering the City
HOUSE OF FAUN
HOUSE OF VETTI
Pompeii
Beware of dog
FORUwalls
49
STREETS
Recognized as Pompeii in 1736. Fully excavated in 1748 Skeletons found in 1982 that may have
boarded ships. All excavations finished in 1983
Current restoration and conservation
6th Century BC, under Greek rule 400 BC: Conquered by Samnites 80 BC: Conquered by Rome
庞贝古城课件
incident to contact them. 2.The past 20 years have witnessed the development of China’s economy 3.we have a to the killing.
词义辨析 look, see, watch, observe, witness这些动词均有“看”之 意。
Lesson 1 Stories from History
Designer：yangyanjiao
Key words: volcanic capsule tremble awesome architecture monument preserve split up
eruption witness loss rewind authentic sorrow sympathy block out
original street of the city
2.How did the impressions of human bodies appear?
People gathered together for protection in their last hours of life.
One person, sitting alone, looks like he was praying.
Hale Waihona Puke 2.How did the impressions of human bodie appear? Para5） （
1.What had Pompeii been likebefore the eruption?
Before the eruption occurred, it had a booming Roman city with temples, markets, restaurants, and theaters.
POMPEII庞贝古城中英文解析课堂
? Many died from Thermal Shock
? At least 750oF
3
Eruption cont…
? Long periods of inactivity at Vesuvius
? False sense of security ? People were not aware of
Pompeii
45
46
47
TEMPLES
Pompeii
48
49
50
BATHS
Pompeii
51
52
? Many repairs and reconstruction ? Trying to Carry on with life as usual ? Booming Economy
? Large Mediterranean trade point ? Holiday Villas of the Rich profiting
? Recognized as Pompeii in 1736. ? Fully excavated in 1748 ? Skeletons found in 1982 that may have
boarded ships. ? All excavations finished in 1983
? Current restoration and conservation
the impact of past eruptions
? Wiped out previously densely populated sites
? Avellino prumice 1800 BC
4
Pompeii: Before the Eruption
最新POMPEII庞贝古城中英文解析ppt
TEMPLES
Pompeii
BATHS
Pompeii
结束语
谢谢大家聆听！！！
53
Excavations
City rediscovered in 1590 by workmen digging a canal, and again in 1711.
Recognized as Pompeii in 1736. Fully excavated in 1748 Skeletons found in 1982 that may have
Pompeii: Before the Eruption
Recovering from Earthquake of 62 A.D.
Many repairs and reconstruction Trying to Carry on with life as usual Booming Economy
At least 750oF
Eruption cont…
Long periods of inactivity at Vesuvius
False sense of security People were not aware of
the impact of past eruptions
Wiped out previously densely populated sites
Eruption of August 24-25 79AD
Eruptions took 17 hrs
Big and small one People that were left behind were either the old
or the young.
Many died from Thermal Shock
POMPEII庞贝古城中英文解析1PPT课件
boarded ships. All excavations finished in 1983
Current restoration and conservation
.
8
POMPEII
Location
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9
.
10
.
11
POMPEII
Uncovering the City
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12
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13
HOUSE OF FAUN
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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HOUSE OF VETTI
Pompeii
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20
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22
Beware of dog
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23
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6th Century BC, under Greek rule 400 BC: Conquered by Samnites 80 BC: Conquered by Rome
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5
Pompeii: Before the Eruption
Recovering from Earthquake of 62 A.D.
p52
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41
THEATER
Pompeii
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42
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43
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44
PALAESTRA AMPHITHEATER
Pompeii
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45
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庞贝古城的灾难TheDisasterofPompeiiPPT课件
写在最后
成功的基础在于好的学习习惯
The foundation of success lies in good 自己的最大努力时，失败也是伟大的， 所以不要放弃，坚持就是正确的。
When You Do Your Best, Failure Is Great, So Don'T Give Up, Stick To The End 演讲人：XXXXXX 时 间：XX年XX月XX日
It was completely dark. People were frightened. It began to drop stones. People ran home.
Help:
violently [ˈvaɪələntli](剧烈地)
poisonous [ˈpɔɪzənəs](有毒的)
carbon dioxide
[ˈkɑ:bən daɪˈɔksaɪd](二氧化碳)
muriatic acid
[ˌmjuəriˈætik ˈæsid](盐酸) erode [ɪ'rəʊd](腐蚀) throat [θrəʊt](喉咙) severely [sə'vɪrlɪ](严重 地)
Help: explosion [ɪkˈspləʊʒn](轰响) sticky ['stɪkɪ](粘稠的) centigrade [ˈsentɪgreɪd](摄氏) carbonize ['kɑ:bənaɪz](炭化)
介绍 universe [ˈju:nivə:s](宇宙)
introduction.
He was so old! South Pole(南极)
tragedy [ˈtrædʒidi]灾难
Pompeii was a modern city. Everything was in a great order. We didn’t have an Emperor.
The City of Pompeii庞贝古城英文介绍ppt
• Food markets were built in Pompeii in the second century b.c., and the remains of the goods sold can still be seen. There is a grain market under construction in the city, which is engulfed by the lava （岩浆） before it is completed. There are a lot of large pottery pots.
• As early as the 8th century BC, Pompeii, a small fishing village based on the natural harbor of the Mediterranean Sea（地中海）, gradually developed into a city. After a few decades, it became the second largest city after Rome in Italy.It is 300 km from Rome to the north, bounded by the famous island of Sicily（西西里岛） to the west, Greece and north Africaf Pompeii
presetation Leo
• Pompeii,, is one of the ancient Roman cities. Located on the edge of Italy's fertile little plain（平 原）,Campania(坎帕尼亚）, near the mouth of the Sarno River（萨尔诺河）. It was founded in the 8th century BC and belonged to the Samono people（萨 摩诺人） from the 5th century BC. In the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, after three wars between the Romans and the Samonos, Pompeii became part of the Roman Republic（罗马共和国） and gradually became a typical Roman city. Pompeii was covered in ash from the eruption of mount Vesuvius on August 24, 79.
庞贝图片及文字
庞贝古城,你到底是毁于天灾还是人祸?（组图）作者：马可来源：马可中国－－汉文化重建博客1.古城入口地球没有一个地方，能像庞贝(POMPEII)那样震撼我们的心灵！庞贝更像一面镜子，可以反射出天地人心的本来面目。
这面镜子的别名，就是不可抗拒的自然法则。
庞贝古城座落在意大利南部的维苏威火山下。
距维苏威约10公里，与20公里外的那不勒斯遥遥相望，距意大利首都罗马只有200多公里。
这座曾被埋在火山灰下的古城，原版再现了1930多年前庞贝人的城市面貌和风土人情，成为最值得去的地方。
2.街道庞贝古城成长方形，规模不大。
东西长1200米，南北宽700米，四面有城墙环绕。
城内面积1．8平方公里，有7扇城门。
城区四条大街，呈“井”字形纵横交错，由石板铺就。
沿街有排水沟，主街宽7米。
只需一个多小时，你就可以走完已经挖掘出来的四分之一景区。
3.角斗士训练营公元前600年，庞贝还只是个普通的濒海小鱼村。
这里物产丰富，优质葡萄酒和橄榄油(火山灰的土地含有得天独厚的矿物质)远近闻名。
同时又因为150多年保持中立(总是与周边战争双方眉来眼去)，而独享安宁与繁荣(瑞士也是因为150年保持中立富裕起来的)。
公元前 89年，精明的庞贝人最终投入了强势古罗马的怀抱(又一次避免了战争)，成为仅次于古罗马仅次于首都罗马的第二大城市。
4.豪宅庭院漫步古城，高大的法院，宽广的中心广场，各种神庙，圆形的斗兽场，半圆形的露天剧院，当年的繁华似乎触手可及。
那些规划有序的街巷，以及街巷两边的水果摊、菜市场、酒吧、面包店、橄榄油店、铁匠铺、陶器、金银作坊和大户人家的豪宅等等，绝对不会让你感到陌生，甚至感到似曾相识。
5.面包店如果忽略100年多来才有的汽车、电灯、空调和冰箱等现代概念的东西， 2000年前庞贝人的生活，与我们今天并没有什么两样。
那时候，庞贝人就用上了自来水。
输水管有石凿的，陶烧的，最细的入户水管则是铅制的。
先是石凿的水管把清澈的山泉从百公里之外的引来，再是陶制的大管道把送到公共浴池，最后由铅制的小管道把水引入各家各户。
庞贝古城
2021年11月，庞贝遗址公园园长加布里埃·约翰·祖贺特里格分享了庞贝古城最新考古发现：一辆装饰精美的 仪式用马车以及奴隶房间遗迹。
2022年，首个庞贝人基因组......
古城保护
古城保护
庞贝古城已被联合国教科文组织定为世界文化和自然遗产，游客们称这里是“天然的历史博物馆”，它每天 吸引着数以万计的来自世界各地的游人们来这里参观。穿梭在古城废墟的大街小巷，进出于半毁的民宅、别墅、 贸易市场、商铺、面包房、温泉澡堂、仓库以及剧场、斗兽场、运动场，不禁使人心潮起伏，浮想联翩。
庞贝市场
遗迹内 公元前2世纪的庞贝就建有食品市场，还依然能够看到出售商品时的遗迹。城中有一个尚在建设中的 粮食市场，还没等到建成就被火山岩浆吞没，里面堆放着许多大型陶罐、石碾等。位于市中心东侧的欧玛齐娅楼， 就是一座很大的综合性市场。外厢高处有两个相对着的大壁间是拍卖市场，为拍卖主持人和唱价人而设，里厢则 是大型的洗衣场。此外，这里还是羊毛交易市场。走在空旷的公共市场里，可以想见当年这里熙熙攘攘的商品交 易场景。
圆形大剧场
遗迹内 庞贝城里有多座剧场，与罗马的一样为圆形大剧场。其中用作角斗的圆形竞技场比著名的罗马竞技 场还要早建51年。这里主要表演角斗，包括人与人、人与兽之间的角斗，有时也举行体育赛事。圆剧场外围的围 墙高达2米多，墙上绘有许多狩猎、竞技的壁画，反映出当年人们的生活状态。城市里还有另外一大一小两个剧场， 多用于戏剧和音乐演出。
考古发现
考古发现
1594年，人们在萨尔诺河畔修建饮水渠时发现了一块上面刻有“庞贝”字样的石头；1707年，人们在的女性雕像。人们以为这些不过是那不勒斯海湾沿岸古代 遗址中的文物，没有人意识到，一座古代城市此刻正完整地密封在他们脚下占地近65公顷的火山岩屑中。
《庞贝城的毁灭》地面形态的变化PPT课件【优秀课件PPT】
火山的简单分类
► 活火山：是指有史以来有过活动的火山。如夏威夷的冒 纳罗亚火山以及新疆的卡尔达西火山、黑龙江省的五大 连池火山等
► 死火山：有史以来没有活动过的火山。如我国山西省的 大同火山群
► 休眠火山：在人类历史上曾经爆发，后处于平静状态的 火山，但还有可能重新喷发。如我国东北的白头山。
火山爆发的危害
►18世纪中期，庞贝城重新被人们发现， 并逐渐被考古学家挖掘出来。
火山喷发物
►火山喷发物有烟、灰、火红的石块和岩浆， 从火山口直冲上几千米的高并提 出问题。
►火山喷发时有哪些现象？ ►根据火山喷发时的情景请你推
想一下地球内部是什么样的？
推想火山喷发发的原因
火山喷出的大量气体、尘埃会破坏 环境，造成大气污染。
火山爆发会毁坏房屋、森林甚至吞 噬城市。
火山爆发可以引发其他的地质灾害， 泥石流、海啸、地震等。
火山爆发的益处
火山爆发可以制造出新的大陆或岛屿。 火山爆发所喷出的火山灰可以成为良
好的土壤肥料。 火山附近的地热可以成为人们的新型
能源。 火山周围的奇特环境成为良好的旅游
庞贝城的毁灭
庞贝城
阿波罗神庙
庞贝城是意大利那不勒斯东南 的维苏威火山脚下的一座繁华的城 市，三千年前就已经建成。它是一 座充满艺术魅力的城市，当时的人 口约有5万，人们在这里创造了很 多精美绝伦的建筑物。这里成为贵 族、商人的聚集地。
悲剧的一刻
►公元79年8月24日，庞贝城附近的维苏 威火山爆发，转眼间这座城市消失在火 山熔岩、泥石流的包围之中。城中5万 居民无一幸免。
资源。
有时候，人太清醒反而觉得累，觉得不快乐，但是想要学会装糊涂还真是难。不要等到人生垂暮，才想起俯拾朝花，且行且珍 面前一文不值，却在另一个人面前是无价之宝。谨记自己的价值所在。路再远，也有尽头;苦再深，也会结束，只要不放弃， 漫漫的长途中跋涉，在深深的痛苦中挣扎，我们常常为环境所迫，被困难所迷惑，放弃了希望，厌倦了生活，觉得路越走越窄 窄的不是路，是思想与感情，深的不是苦，是感受与心情，路边是路，苦中有甜，看得是你自己。许多人，不是擦肩，就是 事，不是无能，就是无情，总是无缘。人生，就是一次艰辛的旅行，得意时，顿生许多豪情，期盼着，浏览更多美好的风景 心，渴望着，走出困境摆脱愁情。人生所有的一切，得意也好，失意也罢，圆满很少，完美不多，人如此，事这样，如意很少 好多人或事，明明喜欢，偏偏不能;明明热爱，恰恰不能;生活，有许多无能，好多事情，明明讨厌，常常不做不行;明明厌倦， 的不能，想说的不行;不愿做的，却又不能，不想说的，就是不行。我们就是这样无奈，无能。何时，能随心如愿，给心身最大 这个世界有两件事我们不能不做：一是赶路，二是停下来看看自己是否拥有一份好心态。好心态是人们一生中的好伴侣，让人 悟：要有阳光般的心态。没有爱的生活就像一片荒漠，赠人玫瑰，手有余香“学会爱别人，其实就是爱自己”，让爱如同午后阳 房。人生感悟：学会爱别人多去尊重理解别人，常怀宽容和感激之心，宽容是一种美德，是一种智慧，海纳百川才有了海的广 是他们给了你帮助：感激你的敌人，是让你变得坚强。人生感悟：懂得宽容和感恩。管好自己的嘴，讲话不要只顾一时痛快 三冬暖，伤人一语六月寒”说话要用脑子。不扬人恶，自然能化敌为友。人生感悟：切记祸从口出！人情、人情，人之常情， 往，“平时多烧香，急时有人帮”，所以，“人情要多储存，就像银行存款，存的越多，时间越长，红利就越大。人生感悟：多储 躁！不要急于下结论特别是生气的时候做决断，要学会换位思考，或者等一等，大事化小，小事化了。把复杂的事情尽量简单 单的事情复杂化。人生感悟：遇事莫急躁！真正学会知足。人生最大的烦恼是从没有意义的比较开始，大千世界总有比如你 我哭泣没鞋穿的时候，我发现有人却没脚”。人生感悟：真正学会知足。如果敌人让你生气，那说明你还有胜他的把握，根本 的人是谁。如果有一条疯狗咬你一口，难道你也要趴下去反咬它一口吗？人生感悟：不和小人生气计较。别把工作当负担，既 没有更好的选择，与其生气埋怨，不如积极快乐的去面对。当你把工作当做生活和艺术时，你就会享受到生活的乐趣。人生感 人活着一天就是福气，就该珍惜，人生短短几十年，不要给自己留下更多的遗憾。日出东海落西山，愁也一天，喜也一天；遇 舒坦，心也舒坦。人生感悟：珍惜自己的生活。1.人生就像蒲公英，看似自由，却往往身不由己。生活没有如果，只有结果， 就好。有的人像WIFI热点，即使远了，但是只要你没改密码，再相见的时候也会自动连上，只是改不改密码，也是人家的事了 人生，要么没心每肺扮傻到底，别让自己活成了那种，懂得很多道理却过不好这一生的人。成大事的人，往往做小事也认真， 往往也做不成大事。看别人不顺眼，其实是自已的修养不够。人生在世，顺少逆多，一辈子不容易，千万不要总是跟别人过不 不去。如果是一堆苹果，有好有坏，你就应该先吃好的，把坏的扔掉，如果你先吃坏的，好的也会变坏，你将永远吃不到好的 总爱跟别人比较，看看有谁比自己好，又有谁比不上自己。而其实，为你的烦恼和忧伤垫底的，从来不是别人的不幸和痛苦， 学习中经常取得成功可能会导致更大的学习兴趣，并改善学生作为学习的自我概念。为了成功地生活，少年人必须学习自立， 在家庭要教养他，使他具有为人所认可的独立人格。劳动教养了身体，学习教养了心灵我们的事业就是学习再学习，努力积累 了知识，社会就会有长足的进步，人类的励志语录未来幸福就在于此。青年是整个社会力量中的一部分最积极最有生气的力量 少保守思想，在社会主义时代尤其是这样。必须记住我们学习的时间有限的。时间有限，不只由于人生短促，更由于人事纷繁 手勤脑勤，就可以成为有学问的人。聪明在于学习，天才在于积累。所谓天才，实际上是依靠学习。天才不能使人不必工作， 展天才，必须长时间地学习和高度紧张地工作。人越有天才，他面临的任务也就越复杂，越重要。诺夫对所学知识内容的兴趣 12、要建设，就必须有知识，必须掌握科学。而要有知识，就必须学习，顽强地耐心地学习。向所有的人学习，不论向敌人或 是向敌人学习。学习专看文学书，也是不好的。先前的文学青年，往往厌恶数学理化史地生物学，以为这些都无足轻重，后来 只有让学生不把全部时间都用在学习上，而留下许多自由支配的时间，他才能顺利地学习，这是教育过程的逻辑。游手好闲地 手好闲好。学习的敌人是自己的满足，要认真学习一点东西，必须从不自满开始。对自己，“学而不厌”，对人家，“诲人不倦” 钢是在烈火和急剧冷却里锻炼出来的，所以才能坚硬和什么也不怕。我们的一代也是这样的在斗争中和可怕的考验中锻炼出来
Pompeii_puzzles_solved_庞贝考古之谜
1The ruins of the ancient Roman City of Pompeii are full of strange mysteries. In 79CE, a volcanic eruption wiped out the city of between 10,000 and 20,000 residents. Massive volcanic ash and floating stones shot out of Mount Vesuvius, killing Pompeii s residents by not letting them breathe air. Archaeologists have found the remains of over 1300 victims in the site of the city of Naples over the last 250 years. 2 Some of the bodies of Pompeii were also preserved in plaster (石膏), but not from Mount Vesuvius and not in 79 CE. In the 1860s and 1870s, archaeologists led by Giuseppe Fiorelli poured plaster into the empty space left behind by the bodies. Thesecasts typically have the bone remains deeply fixed in the plaster that keeps the body shape and give a realistic image of victims of the eruption.3“Pompeii is one of the most important places from an archaeological view,” Gianni Gallello, an archeologist at the University of Valencia in Spain says. “Pompeii stopped at that moment after the eruption, all stuck in time.” However, the plaster may have polluted the chemical composition of the bones, according to Gianni. While the plaster may have changed the chemical make⁃up of the bones, bioarchaeological analysis still supports the theory that these specific victims died from asphyxiation (窒息) and not from forceinjury from rocks or burning.Pompeii puzzles solved庞贝考古之谜山东 王立柱4 Gallello brought a technique called portable X⁃ray fluorescence as a way to examine the elemental composition of the bones and plaster for the first time. “It s a portable device that takes the material profile invisibly,” Gallello explains.5 Using portable X⁃ray fluorescence, the archaeologists found that the plaster from Pompeii was completely different from the burned and unburned bones from the collection. Testing out this method for the first time on the Pompeii casts also helped add to the popu⁃lar theories of what killed these specific residents of Pompeii during the eruption. While the plaster pollution makes it more difficult to study, the chemical analysis supports the theory that the victims suffocated (窒息) from the volcanic ash.ReadingCheck1. What do we know about the ruins of Pompeii City?A. They were caused by fires made by residents.B. Over 20,000 bodies of residents were dug out.C. So many puzzles about them wait to be solved.D. Archaeologists have proved the reasons for them.2. What is the finding of Gianni Gallello s team?A. Pompeii once suffered severe pollution.B. Pompeii victims died from too much volcanic ash.C. Pompeii victims died from burning and heat.D. Volcanic eruption in Pompeii was frequent.3. How did Gianni Gallello s team get the results?A. By checking up the function of the volcanic ash.B. By working out the loss caused by the eruption.C. By examining the composition of rocks in Pompeii.D. By studying the chemicals in the bones and plaster.4. What does the text try to convey?A. Chemical analysis reveals some mysteries in Pompeii.B. Pompeii s archaeological puzzles won t be solved.C. With a little help from chemistry we can defeat all.D. A new device helps Pompeii return to the past.Ø语篇解码本文是一篇关于庞贝古城遗址和其石膏人模的考古学文章，主要介绍了庞贝古城被火山喷发摧毁后的情况，以及考古学家是如何在19世纪60年代和19世纪70年代使用石膏对庞贝古城的遗体进行模型化保存的。
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THERMOPOLIUM
Pompeii
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THEATER
Pompeii
PALAESTRA AMPHITHEATER
Pompeii
TEMPLES
Pompeii
BATHS
Pompeii
POMPEII
Location
POMPEII
Uncovering the City
HOUSE OF FAUN
HOUSE OF VETTI
Pompeii
Beware of dog
FORUM
Pompeii
GRAFFITI
Graffiti walls
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STREETS
POMPEII
Laura Ragoonanan Chantal Raymond
Kevin Moore
Eruption of August 24-25 79AD
Pliny --a Roman administrator and poet, whose many vivid letters have been preserved
Many repairs and reconstruction Trying to Carry on with life as usual Booming Economy
Large Mediterranean trade point Holiday Villas of the Rich profiting
or the young.
Many died from Thermal Shock
At least 750oF
Eruption cont…
Long periods of inactivity at Vesuvius
False sense of security People were not aware of
Recognized as Pompeii in 1736. Fully excavated in 1748 Skeletons found in 1982 that may have
boarded ships. All excavations finished in 1983
Current restoration and conserห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ation
the impact of past eruptions
Wiped out previously densely populated sites
Avellino prumice 1800 BC
Pompeii: Before the Eruption
Founded in the 18th century BC by the Oscans
Wells dried up 10 days before Cows on the hills were behaving strangely
Pompeii is unique because….
Excavations
City rediscovered in 1590 by workmen digging a canal, and again in 1711.
6th Century BC, under Greek rule 400 BC: Conquered by Samnites 80 BC: Conquered by Rome
Pompeii: Before the Eruption
Recovering from Earthquake of 62 A.D.
Warning signs People were unprepared Curiosity instead of fear
Eruption of August 24-25 79AD
Eruptions took 17 hrs
Big and small one People that were left behind were either the old