大学科技英语翻译
科技英语翻译1—4
The four types of sustainability include human, economic, social, andenvironmental. All four are required to maintain the entirety of life on Earth. Althoughinterconnected, itis importanttonotethedifferences of eachinterms ofits nature and requirements.The very basic need of humansustainability is good reproductive healthandsafe childbearing.Those that reproduce have the responsibility of caring for their children, giving them access to proper education, and promoting their health and wellness. At some point, the childrenshould have enoughskills and knowledge suchthatthey cansustaintheir ownway of life. Itis atthatpointthatthey becomeconsidered as productive human capital as well as individuals that can go through the process of reproduction and rearing. As long as this process is maintained at a rate that all human systems can support, human sustainability should be no cause for concern.Insimple terms, economic sustainability is havinga set amount of capital for acertain period. Those who consume that capital must also conserve it so that they will continue to enjoy it towards the end of the specified period. This means thatwe must preserve all our resources as we consume them so that human beings inthe future can enjoy them as well. To achieve this, we must regenerate our resources at a rate that is equal to or faster than our consumption.Social capital is an important aspect of sustainability because it is through communities and civil societies that humankind can easily and inexpensively work together. Without proper levels of social capital, it can easily deplete and violence as well as mistrustcantake over. Whenthathappens, societies andeverythingelsethat depends on them will be destroyed. Through proper maintenance of and adherencetolaws, rules, andvalues thatsocieties havedevelopedfor thecommongood, social sustainability can be achieved.Environmental sustainability is important because it involves natural resources that humanbeings need for economic or manufactured capital. Materials takenfromnature are usedfor solutions that address humanneeds. If nature is depletedfaster than it can regenerate, human beings will be left without raw materials.Furthermore,environmental sustainability also involves ensuring that waste emissions areatvolumes thatnaturecanhandle. If not, all humans andother livingthings on Earth can be harmed to the point of extinction.可持续性分类四种可持续性包括人类可持续性，经济可持续性，社会可持续性和环境可持续性。
科技英语翻译
1.To find the area of a square or oblong,you merely multiply its length by its width.将长乘以宽就可以得到这个长方形的面积。
2.This suggests that matter can be converted into energy.这就是说物质可以转化为能量，能量也可以转化为物质。
3.Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy.量子化学仍处于发展初期。
4.Even the protective environment is no insurance against death from lack of oxygen.即使有防护措施，也不能保证不发生因缺氧而死亡的情况。
5.In any amchine, input work equals output work plus work done against friction.任何机器的输入功都等于输出功加上客服摩擦所做的功。
6.Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions.地震通常比火山爆发更具有杀伤力。
7.Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating.应慢慢加热以避免出现局部过热现象。
8.How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air.燃料燃烧的速度取决于它与氧气或空气的混合程度。
9.Gene mutation is of great importance in breeding new varieties.在新品种培育方面，基因突变是非常重要的。
大学英语四六级翻译--科技类词汇(精炼版)
四六级翻译——科技类词汇1.科技园science and technology park2.高新技术开发区high-tech industrial zones3.信息产业IT (Information Technology)4.电器设备electrical appliance5.电子设备electronic device6.电子商务e-commerce7.人工智能artificial intelligience8.先进技术advanced technology9.尖端技术state-of-the-art technology10.载人航天飞行manned space flight11.发射成功successful launch12.自然科学natural science13.新兴学科new branch of science14.科技成果research achievements15.科学发展观concept of scientific development16.科教兴国revitalize China through science and education17.可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development18.科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure19.专利，专利权patent20.生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture21.物种起源origin of species22.生物工程bio-technology23.基因工程genetic engineering24.转基因食品GM food (genetically modified food)25.技术产权technology property right26.科技含量technology content27.电脑病毒computer virus28.黑客hacker29.垃圾邮件junk mail30.数码科技digital technology31.虚拟社区virtual community32.网络空间cyber space 网络文化cyber culture33.网民netizen34.克隆cloning 激光laser35.纳米nanometer 粒子particle36.太阳能/ 核能/ 原子能solar/ nuclear/ atomic energy37.突飞猛进advance by leaps and bounds38.技术创新technological innovation39.中国科学院the Chinese Academy of Science40.科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology constitute the foremost productive forces.41.科技前沿the forefront of science and technology42.科技发明的传播和交流dissemination and exchanges of advanced scientific andtechnological inventions。
科技英语词汇的翻译
• 常见科技词汇后缀：
-ness -tion -ity -ism
表示性质、状态 表示动作、状态 表示性质、状态 表示主义、学说
oneness, thoughtfulness, carelessness examination, realization, decoration reality, purity, gravity, formality atomism, criticism, socialism
在这种情况下，可能会损伤火箭发动机机体。
• He walks when he might take a taxi.
虽然他可坐出租车，却还是步行。
• The volcano has not been active for thousands of years. It is inactive.
这座火山有几千年没有爆发了，它是座死
• 翻译误区：科技英语翻译的难点是专业术语的翻
译，有一些词汇看起来很简单，但是在科技文章 中则产生了其他的含义。
英语 pig cock coat hand tooth
常见意义 猪
公鸡 外衣
手 牙齿
专业术语含义 金属锭块 吊车 镀层
手柄、指针 粗糙面
词义的引申
• 1. 技术性引申 使译文中涉及科学技术概念的词语符合技 术语言规范。
• BBS：Bulletin Board System 电子公告牌系统 • DNA：deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸 • UFO：Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物 • VCD：Video Compact Disc 影音光盘（影碟） • AC：alternating current 交流电 • DC：direct current 直流电
大学科技英语翻译考试例句
上篇（共25 个）1.The waster radiation is revolutionizing X-ray science，enablingresearchers to see things on an atomic level with eyes that are a million times more powerful than ever before.这种鄙视为废物的辐射使X 射线科学发生了一场革命；它使科研工作者能用眼睛看到原子级的东西，这一放大率比以往提高了100 万倍。
2.If we had known the properties of the material, we should have madefull use of it. 要是当时了解这种材料的特性的话，我们就会充分利用它了。
3.Moving parts of a machine would wear much more rapidly withoutbeing oiled. 机器的运动部件如果不加油就会磨损的非常快。
4.Cool slowly to minimize cracking. 要慢慢冷却，以最大限度的减少开裂。
5.Don' tl et the stresses inside the material exceed the elasticlimit, or else permanent deformation will result. 不要使材料的应力超过弹性极限，否则会产生永久变形。
6.Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。
7.Television is the transmission and reception of image of movingobjects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受各种活动物体的图像8.An understanding of the essential character of scientificinvestigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science. 要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。
科技英语四级词汇
科技英语四级词汇
科技英语是当前科技领域的重要语言之一。
掌握科技英语词汇对于从事科学研究、技术开发以及与科技相关的工作非常重要。
以下是科技英语四级词汇的完整版。
2. Artificial Intelligence: 人工智能
3. Robotics: 机器人技术
4. Data Analytics: 数据分析
5. Internet of Things (IoT): 物联网
6. Cybersecurity: 网络安全
7. Virtual Reality (VR): 虚拟现实
8. Augmented Reality (AR): 增强现实
10. Genetic Engineering: 基因工程
11. Biotechnology: 生物技术
12. Nanotechnology: 纳米技术
13. Renewable Energy: 可再生能源
14. Artificial Neural Network: 人工神经网络
15. Big Data: 大数据
16. Cryptocurrency: 加密货币
17. Machine Learning: 机器研究
18. 3D Printing: 3D打印
20. Space Exploration: 太空探索
这些词汇涵盖了科技领域的多个方面，帮助人们更好地理解和交流科技相关的概念和技术。
掌握这些词汇将有助于提高科技英语的水平，为从事相关工作打下坚实基础。
(注意：本文档的内容来源于科技领域常见的英语词汇，没有引用无法确认来源的内容。
)。
Unit 9 Science and Technology新编大学英语第二版第四册课文翻译
Unit 9 Science and TechnologyToo Fast?People who were born just before World War I remember waving at automobiles as they passed. Seeing a car was like watching a parade—exciting and out of the ordinary. The airplane—it was spelled "aeroplane" then—was another new invention. Refrigerators were "iceboxes," and a man delivered the ice for the box in the summer and the coal for the stove in the winter. Now, the iceman, like the blacksmith, survives only in literature.Today, change comes so fast that working people can become obsolete because their occupations vanish in the middle of their lives. Knowledge, and thus the rate of change, increases geometrically. Every idea gives birth to a dozen new ones, and each of them has a dozen children. The people of the pre-World War I generation had hardly assimilated the inventions of that era before they were attacked by a new batch of even more sophisticated inventions. The Atomic Age dawned in 1945, August 6 to be exact, and then, before we could catch our breath, the Space Age arrived.Change was not always this rapid. Certain important inventions, like the telephone, the airplane, the automobile, and the radio, had been invented by 1914, but the effects of these inventions upon the lives of ordinary citizens were not felt until many years later. We now have the technology to develop machines before people are ready to use them. For example, we have the technology to enable people to pay their bills by phone—but even people with phones resist. The change is too much too fast. People don't want to talk to machines, especially if the machines talk back to them.It is certain that technology, especially computer technology, will rule our lives to a greater and greater degree. This situation will not necessarily prove positive or negative in effect. Many people would be more comfortable if change came more slowly, but on the other hand, there are many for whom every innovation is like a new toy. They can't wait for the next invention to be available. When scientists talk about the remarkably adaptable nature of people, they probably have these people in mind.But there is a limit to everyone's ability to adapt. What will happen to us when change comes so rapidly that we can no longer adjust to it? These same scientists who talk about our adaptable nature also tell us that change is to some degree emotionally painful to everyone. What then, will happen to us when change comes so rapidly that we can no longer stand the pain, and we refuse to change?We have read a lot about scientific and technological change, but that is only part of the picture of modern life. There is often a great lag between scientific discovery andcultural acceptance. For example, Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, proposed over one hundred years ago and accepted by all serious scholars for generations, is still rejected by large segments of society. These segments see science as contradicting a higher religious authority. They see science as questioning and destroying their beliefs and culture.The problem is not easily solved because it is in the nature of science to question, and it is in the nature of human beings not to want to question the things they believe in. Science is not merely a field of study like chemistry or physics or biology. Science is a method of looking at the world, a method that requires an open mind, objectivity, and proof based upon observation or experimentation. It is a method that ignores religion, race, nationality, economics, morality, and ethics. It pays attention only to the results of research. The scientific method has shown us endless marvels and wonders, but methods can't provide all the answers. Science cannot tell us whether or not to drop a bomb: That is a moral or political question. Science only tells us how to make one.As we have already said, technological innovations are being made at faster and faster rates. The future will be even more revolutionary than the past. Will we, as a species, survive the revolutions that we have begun? There is plenty of evidence to think that we will. Our species has enormous potential that we have just begun to use. For example, we have only begun to control the environment. One day technology will make every desert bloom. It's simple, really. To do so, all we need to do is lower the cost of converting sea water into fresh water. Then, when the deserts bloom, will they provide enough food for our growing numbers? Most likely, they will. We have only just begun to discover the possibilities of highly intensive desert agriculture. We already have the technology to increase production ten times and to use one-twentieth of the water we needed before.We know how to make agricultural miracles. What we need are the time and money to make the technology available to everyone.In the nineteenth century, people believed in progress. They believed that science would lead them to a new era of endless prosperity and happiness. Well, it didn't work out that way. Two disastrous world wars convinced people of that. Yet, in our disappointment and in our fears that science was a monster that would one day destroy us, we forgot that science was not the monster; we were the monster. Science was merely a servant, and like fire, a good servant when treated properly.Despite all the problems of the modern world, however, most people would not choose to live in any of the less scientific ages that have preceded ours. If—and this is abig if—we don't destroy ourselves in war, the future can only be better. Each year will bring a more bewildering array of scientific advances: diseases cured, space conquered, transportation and communication revolutionized, agriculture and industry completely transformed, etc. To some, the future sounds exciting; to others, frightening. But one thing is sure—it won't be boring.太快了？1 在第一次世界大战前夕出生的人仍然记得看到身边经过的汽车就挥手的情景。
大学英语科技翻译知识及材料
大学英语科技翻译知识及材料标志用语的表达与翻译1. 用词特征及其翻译标志用语常以独立的词出现。
例如：动词：START 启动STOP 停车PULL 推PRESELECT 预选名词：INLET 入口OUTLET 出口DANGER 危险GLASS 小心玻璃AUTO 自动形容词：OPEN 开（正在营业）CLOSED 关（停止营业）LEFT 左RIGHT 右POISONOUS 有毒物品副词：CLOCKWISE 顺时针COUNTER-CLOCKWISE 逆时针UP 向上DOWN 向下介词：ON 开OFF 关其中以形容词为单位的独立词可译为“……品”。
例如：Dangerous 危险品Perishable 易腐品Explosive 易爆品Radial 放射品Inflammable 易燃品大量使用词组、短语也是科技英语中标志影只用于的特征之一，从而体现出其简洁、客观、信息量大的特点。
例如：HOT WORK IN PROGRESS 正在施工SAFETY FOOTWEAR 穿安全靴NO PHOTOS 禁止拍照NO ADMISSION 禁止入内NO ENTRY 禁止驶入PERSONNEL ONLY 闲人免进HANDS OFF 请勿触碰KEEP CLEAN 保持整洁KEEP DRY 保持干爽Site entrance, dangerous 工地入口，危险Slow, site entrance 工地入口请慢行MAN: 10/03/2007 生产日期：2007年3月10日EXP: 10/03/2008 失效期：2007年3月10日OIL ONCE EVERY SHIFT 每班加油一次2. 句型特征及其翻译标志用语在实际运用中具有指示性、提示性、限制性、强制性等应用功能，经常使用祈使句来实现这些功能。
例如：Handle with care 小心轻放Insert here 由此处插入Do not pass 禁止超车Open here 由此处开启Keep away from moisture 切勿受潮Keep off the grass 勿踏草坪Keep cool 冷藏Protect against heat 注意高温Keep away from heat 切勿受热Stand clear of the door 勿靠（车）门Mind the step 小心台阶Do not turn upside down 切勿倒置Split here 由此处撕开Keep away from fire 切勿近火Keep on deck 甲板装运Stand on end 竖着放Open daily 每天开放在英美国家中，有很多温馨、亲和的提示和请求标志用语，这类标志语多以带祈使语气的单词please开头，因此在翻译成汉语时用语气较温和的“请”字。
第五章-科技英语翻译
第1节翻译练习4This type of furnace uses4times more electricity than that type does.这种炉的耗电量是那种炉耗电量的4倍。
This rod is4times longer than that one.这根杆比那根长3倍。
The oxygen atom is nearly16times as heavy as the hydrogen atom.氧原子的原子量几乎是氢原子量的16倍。
The atomic weight of helium is four times heavier than that of hydrogen.氦原子量比氢原子量重3倍。
In rolling bearing the starting friction is about twice the running friction.滚动轴承的启动摩擦大概是转动摩擦的2倍。
第1节翻译练习5The leads of the new condenser are shortened by six times.新型电容器的引线缩短了5/6。
The operation of cost decreased by five times.成本运行降至1/5。
The loss of electricity was reduced by a factor of four.电损减少了3/4。
The pipe is four times lighter than that one.这根管子重量是那根的1/4。
第1节翻译练习6Weld strength can be increased by45percent.焊接强度可增加45%。
Tests have shown that the energy consuming can be reduced by30percent.试验证明能量消耗可减低30%。
大学科技英语翻译考试例句
上篇（共25个）1.The waster radiation is revolutionizing X-ray science，enabling researchers tosee things on an atomic level with eyes that are a million times more powerful than ever before.这种鄙视为废物的辐射使X射线科学发生了一场革命；它使科研工作者能用眼睛看到原子级的东西，这一放大率比以往提高了100万倍。
2.If we had known the properties of the material, we should have made full useof it.要是当时了解这种材料的特性的话，我们就会充分利用它了。
3.Moving parts of a machine would wear much more rapidly without beingoiled.机器的运动部件如果不加油就会磨损的非常快。
4.Cool slowly to minimize cracking.要慢慢冷却，以最大限度的减少开裂。
5.Don’t let the stresses inside the material exceed the elastic limit, or elsepermanent deformation will result.不要使材料的应力超过弹性极限，否则会产生永久变形。
6.Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。
7.Television is the transmission and reception of image of moving objects byradio waves.电视通过无线电波发射和接受各种活动物体的图像8.An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is bestacquired from the study of a representative particular science.要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。
科技英语的翻译
动词多倾向于行为动词。时态往往用一般现 在式。
倾向使用被动语态。
大量使用动词的非限定式，即分词、不定式 和动名词。
文体总貌
科技英语的显著特点是重叙事逻辑上的连贯 （coherence)及表达上的明晰（clarity)与畅达 （fluency);避免行文晦涩，坐着避免表露个人感 情，避免论证上的主观随意性。因此，科技论文 总是力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情 作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词。科技英语力求平 易、精确，因此尽力避免使用旨在加强语言感染 力和宣传效果的各种修饰词格，忌用夸张、借喻、 讽刺、反诘、双关等修辞手段，以免使读者产生 行文浮华、内容虚饰之感。
词类转换（n-v)
Despite the long-standing availability of effective antibiotics, particularly penicilin, pnemococcal disease continues to take a heavy death toll, particularly among people suffering from other chronic diseases.
Scientists thought that regular orbits of such faint particles were practically nonexistent. The idea has now been rejected by facts.
科学家原来以为这样微弱的粒子实际上是 不存在有规则的轨道的。这种看法现在已 经被事实否定了。
翻译练习
非限定动词
A canning tomato 一种供做罐头的西红柿
Infected children 受到感染的儿童
成都信息工程大学科技英语翻译课后习题答案
"Science and Technology in Traditional China" on pages 25-26 Ⅰ.Translate following terms into English.印刷术printing火药gunpowder指南针compass/magnetism中国的社会结构structure of Chinese society雕版印刷block printing佛经Buddhist text儒家经典著作Classical Books of Confucius活字印刷moveable type磁力罗盘magnetic compass指南勺south-controlling spoon磁偏角magnetic declination磁的二极性（磁极性）magnetic polarityⅡ.Translate sentences 1, 2, 5 in exerciseⅡinto Chinese.1、Until relativeiy recently the general belief in the West was that the science and technology which had existed in traditional China was of relatively little importance compared with that of Europe.Tr: 直到不久以前，西方普遍认为，与欧洲相比，古代中国的科学技术微不足道。
2、These three discoveries——printing,gunpowder and magnetism——were all made much earlier in China than in Europe but, unlike in Europe, these discoveries were not followed by major changes in the structure of Chinese society.Tr: 印刷术、火药、指南针这三大发明都先出现在中国，大大早于欧洲。
15.科技英语翻译
转化法 (conversion)
不通过任何词形上变化，直接转化为另一个词。在转 化过程中，词性有所改变而词义则与转化前的原义仍 保留有若干联系。 radio用无线电通讯(由名词词义“无线电”转化 而来) x-ray用x光检查(由名词词义“X光”转化而来) e-mail发电子邮件(由名词词义“电子邮件”转化 而来) clone使无性繁殖；复制(由名词词义“无性繁殖， 克隆”转化而来) format为„编排格式(由名词词义“格式”转化而 来)
情态动词can和may
这两个情态动词可用来表示客观可能性，而其他则多突出主 观性。
(1)You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease ． 与艾滋病患者一起工作或上学不会传染上艾滋病。 (2)Anyone with a personal computer ，a modem and the necessary software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on． 任何人只要有一台个人电脑, 再有一个调制解调器和必要的软件， 就可以把电脑连接到电话线上，然后就能申请上网。 (3)The best way to improve urban air may be to curb the use of cars，even though modem car are far cleaner than earlier ones． 改善城市空气质量最好的办法可能还是控制汽车的使用，尽管现代 汽车比以前的汽车污染要小得多。 (4)There are many methods by which gastric resection may be accomplished． 胃切除可以用许多方法。
《科技英语翻译》课程思政融入点思考与实践
《科技英语翻译》课程思政融入点思考与实践*王利梅（上海工程技术大学外国语学院上海201620）摘要：立德树人成效是检验高等院校一切工作的根本标准，一流本科课程建设离不开课程思政的有效融入。
本文从知识传授、能力培养、价值引领三位一体的概念出发，探析思政融入点的系统化，并以探索实践案例说明如何有效实施，使之与科技英语翻译教学活动有机自然融合。
关键词：科技英语翻译；课程思政；小组探究学习法中图分类号：G642文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-1578（2021)06-0006-021引言在当前复杂的国际政治经济形势下，高等院校承担着培养合格的中国特色社会主义建设者的重要任务，如何培养青年学生对祖国优秀文化的自信与热爱，对国家治理的价值认同，对中华民族和伟大祖国的情感归属，实现教育的最终目标，是每一位高校教师应思考并付诸教学实践的崇高使命。
如何充分挖掘《科技英语翻译》课程的思想政治教育资源，上海工程技术大学“科技英语翻译”教学团队展开了积极的探索实践，提出实施了“小组探究学习法”。
实践表明，组建探究小组，调动学生自身的主动性和积极性来深挖、呈现课程思政资源，不但可润物无声地实现自然丰富的思政教育，还可有效提高学生对于课程专业翻译技能的理解和掌握程度。
2《科技英语翻译》课程思政资源之发掘整合“亲其师”方可“信其道”，教师队伍是课程思政的主力军，要有效实施课程思政，首先需要提升教师对于课程思政的认知与理解，提升教师的思政意识和育人能力，找到课程思政润物无声的源头活水。
因此，挖掘课程思政资源之前，教学团队首先深入学习了党中央、教育部关于高校课程思政教育建设的文件和指导精神，明确了科技英语翻译课程思政资源选取的指导原则与教育目标。
习近平总书记在2016年12月全国高校思想政治工作会议上强调，“高校思想政治工作关系高校培养什么样的人、如何培养人以及为谁培养人这个根本问题。
要坚持把立德树人作为中心环节，把思想政治工作贯穿教育教学全过程，实现全程育人、全方位育人，努力开创我国高等教育事业新局面[1]。
西南科技大学科技英语课文翻译UNIT1-8
Unit 1罗素悖论的提出是基于这样的一个事例：设想有这样一群理发师，他们只给不给自己理发的人理发。
假设其中一个理发师符合上述的条件，不给自己理发；然而按照要求，他必须要给自己理发。
但是在这个集合中没有人会给自己理发。
（如果这样的话，这个理发师必定是给别人理发还要给自己理发）1901年，伯特兰·罗素悖论的发现打击了他其中的一个数学家同事。
在19世纪后期，弗雷格尝试发展一个基本原理以便数学上能使用符号逻辑。
他确立了形式表达式（如：x =2）和数学特性（如偶数）之间的联系。
按照弗雷格理论的发展，我们能自由的用一个特性去定义更多更深远的特性。
1903年，发表在《数学原理》上的罗素悖论从根本上揭示了弗雷格这种集合系统的局限性。
就现在而言，这种类型的集合系统能很好的用俗称集的结构式来描述。
例如，我们可以用 x代表整数，通过n来表示并且n大于3小于7，来表示4，5,6这样一个集合。
这种集合的书写形势就是：x={n：n是整数，3<n<7}。
集合中的对象并不一定是数字。
我们也可让y={x：x是美国的一个男性居民}。
表面上看，似乎任何一个关于x的描述都有一个符合要求的空间。
但是，罗素（和策梅洛一起）发现x={a：a不再a中}导致一个矛盾，就像对一群理发师的描述一样。
x它本身是在x的集合中吗？否定的答案导致了矛盾的出现。
当罗素发现了悖论，弗雷格立即就发现悖论对他的理论有致命的打击。
尽管这样，他还不能解决这个问题,并且上世纪有很多的尝试，去解决这个问题（但没有成功）。
罗素自己对这个悖论的回答促进了类型理论的形成。
他解释说，悖论的问题在于我们混淆了数集和数集的集合。
所以，罗素介绍了对象的分级系统：数、数集、数集的集合等等。
这个系统为形式化数学的形成奠定了基础，至今它还应用于哲学研究和计算机科学分支。
策梅洛对于罗素悖论的解决方法用新的公理：对于任意公式A（x）和任意集合b，都会有一个集合满足y={x：x既在b中又满足A（x）}取代了以前的公理：对于任意公式A（x），都会有一个集合满足y={x：x满足A（x）}。
大学科技英语课文翻译Unit 1-7
Unit1 Text A 石油1油，和煤一样，存在于沉积岩中，而且可能由死去很长时间的生物有机体形成。
含有石油的岩石几乎都来源于海洋，所以形成石油的有机物一定是海洋生物，而不是树木。
2 石油，并不是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质，而可能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物质。
比如浮游生物：大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生物。
3 有机物的脂肪物质主要由碳氢原子组成，因此并不需要太多的化学变化就可以形成石油。
生物有机体只需在缺氧的条件下沉积到海湾浅水处的淤泥里。
其脂肪不是分解腐烂，而是逐渐积聚，并在深层的淤泥里圈闭起来，进而经过细微的原子重组，最终形成石油。
4 油比水轻，呈液态，会经由上方覆盖的孔隙性岩石向上渗透，在地球上有些地区到达表层，古人将这些表层石油称为沥青、柏油或异庚烷。
在古代和中世纪，这些石油油苗常被看作药品而不是燃料。
5 当然，表层的油苗数量很少。
而石油油藏上方有时覆盖的是非孔隙性岩石。
石油向上渗透抵达该岩石，然后在岩石下方逐渐积聚形成油层。
若在上方的岩石上钻个孔，石油就可以通过该孔向上迁移。
有时压力过大，石油会向高空喷出。
1859年在宾夕法尼亚州，由埃德温·德雷克成功打出第一口井。
6 如果可以发现一个合适的地点（勘探人员已经识别出地下可能圈闭有石油的地层结构），那么就很容易抽取这一液体燃料，这要比派人到地下把大块的固体煤炭砍成小块要容易得多。
而且一旦获得石油，可以通过地上管道运输，而不必像煤一样，由运货车经过繁重的装卸任务来运输。
7 石油便于抽取，易于运输，促进了石油的应用。
石油可以蒸馏成不同的馏分，每种馏分均由特定大小的分子组成，分子越小，该馏分就越容易蒸发。
8 到19世纪下半叶，最重要的石油馏分是由中等大小的分子构成的煤油，它不易蒸发，被用于照明。
9 然而，到19世纪末人们研制出了内燃机。
内燃机是通过在汽缸里将空气与可燃气体混合，产生爆炸来提供动力的。
最便利的可燃气体是汽油——石油的又一馏分，由小分子构成，容易蒸发。
科技英语课后翻译整理
Unit 11.在历时四年的研究中，科学家调查了地球上的许多生境、物种以及将它们联系起来的生态体系。
For four years the scientists examined the planet’s many habitats and species and the systems that bind them together.2.《千年生态系统评估综合报告》为人们提供了认识生态系统经济价值的全新视角，也为人们尊重和保护地球的生命支持体系提供了新的论据。
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report gives people a new insight into the economic importance of ecosystem services and some new and additional arguments for respecting and conserving the Earth’s life-support system.3.科学家认为，水文系统的改变可能导致破坏性洪灾的发生更加频繁和严重。
According to the scientists, changes to water systems may increase the frequency and severity of destructive floods.4.从经济角度看，与那些被用于商业开发的生态系统相比，很多原始生态系统的价值更高。
From an economic perspective, compared with the ecosystems altered for commercial use, many intact ones are more valuable.5.如何在利用地球生态系统提高人类生活水平的同时，缓解该系统所承受的压力，完全取决于人类社会。
科技英语翻译练习
• 目前，中国的宽带接入技术主要有四种。一是有 线电话的同轴电缆光纤混合网技术，二是利用传 统电话线不对称数字用户环路技术，三是小区以 太技术，四是直接卫星连接技术。
• 例如： • 例1. The testing of machines by this method
entails some loss of power.
• 译文∶用这种方法测试机器会浪费一定的 能量。
• 例2. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.
• 译文：对小于米的单位，十进制是这样应用的： 米被分成分米（dm）、厘米（cm）、毫米 （mm)等等，使测量变得非常简单。此外， 1000米合成一公里（km），作为用来测量长 距离的单位。
• 以上篇章中共出现了四个句子，其中前三个句子 采用了被动语态（算上第三句中的which引导的 非限定性定于从句）。在翻译成汉语时需要作必 要的调整，一般情况下要用主动语态结ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ进行翻 译。该译文如下：
The explosion of the device’s three 30-kiloton atomic mechanism went smoothly.
It was the largest nuclear blast so far in the Atomic Energy Commission project to stimulate massive stores of natural gas locked in rock formations.
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A body hat contains only atoms with the same general properties is called an element.物质如果包含的原子性质都相同，则称之为元素。
A color transmission contains the same information as a black and white transmission.彩色传输所容纳的信息，和黑白传输容纳的信息一样。
A data processer can issue address and function codes数据处理器能发出各种地址码和功能码。
A machine is just a mechanical device which makes it possible to do work more conveniently by changing the applied force in directions or in magnitude or both 机器只不过是这样的机械装置，它通过改变作用力的大小或方向，或既改变其大小又改变其方向的方法，使人们能够更加顺利地做工A material balance is based on the law of conservation of matter.物质平衡是以物质守恒定律为基础的。
A new kind of computer –small, cheap, fine-is attracting increasing attention.一种新型的计算机越来越引起人们的注意—这种计算机体积小巧、价钱低廉、性能优越。
A transversely stressed fillet weld can sustain higher loads than one stressed longitudinally.受横向应力的角焊缝比受纵向应力的角焊缝承受能力强。
Air is a mixture of gases.空气是多种气体的混合物。
All isotopes cannot be manufactured in this way 并非所有的同位素都可以这样制造All metals do not conduct electricity equally well并非所有金属的导电性能都同样好All structural materials behave plastically above their elastic range.超过弹性极限时，一切结构材料都会显示出可塑性。
All the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat 并非燃料中的所有化学能都可转化为热All these various losses, great as they are, do not in any way contradict the lay of conservation of energy所有这些各种各样的损失，虽然都很大，却并不都是和能量守恒定律矛盾的An electric current begins to flow through a coil, which is connected across a charged condenser如果线圈同充电的电容器相连接，电流就开始流过线圈An electric light bulb is a vacuum , and so is a radio tube电灯泡是真空的，电子管也是真空的。
An engine may not always do work at its rated horse-power发动机并不总是以额定马力工作An improved design of such a large tower must be achieved which results in more uniformed temperature distribution in it.这种大型塔的设计必须改进，已使塔内温度分布更均匀。
An oxidation number may be assigned to each atom in a substance by the application of simple rules.应用一些简单的规则，可以给一种物质里的各原子指定氧化值。
An understanding of laws of friction is important in the designing of modern machines.了解摩擦的规律对于现代机器的设计是重要的。
Another kind of rectifier consists of a large pear-shaped glass bulb from which all the air has been removed.另一种整流器由一个大的梨形玻璃泡构成，泡内的空气已全部抽空。
Arc welding is to make metals together by means of an electric current.电焊弧是利用电流将金属融合在一起。
As rubber prevents electricity from passing through it , it is used as insulating material.由于橡胶不导电，所以用作绝缘材料。
Barely any of our present batteries would be satisfactory enough to drive the electric train fast and at a reasonable cost.我们现有的蓄电池几乎都不足以保证电气火车快速而经济高效的运行。
Being no cause to change the motion, a body can move uniformly and in a straight line.如果没有改变物体运动的原因，物体将匀速直线运动。
Better to do well than to say well.与其说的好不如做得好。
Both of the instruments are not precision ones这两台仪器并非都精密Both of the substances are not made up of carbons这两种物质并非都是由碳组成的China‟s successful explosion of its first atom bom b caused tremendous repercussion of wealther map at a central meteorological station .创立科学理论的工作可以同在中心气象台制造气象图相比。
Chlorine is very active chemically.氯的化学性能很活跃。
Circuits breakers are necessary to deenergize equipment either for normal operation or on the occurrence of short circuits.无论在系统正常运行或发生短路时都需要使用断路器来断电。
Coating thickness ranges from 0.1 mm to 2 mm.涂层厚度范围为0.1到2毫米。
Conductors allow electricity to pass through more or less freely.导体可使电较为容易地流过。
Crystals do not melt until heated to a definite temperature,晶体要加热到一定温度才会融化。
Day light comes from the sun,which is a mass of hot,glowing gas.日光来自太阳，太阳是一团炽热的发光的气体。
Digital oscilloscopes can not be often used in our experiments数字示波器不常用在我们的实验中Earthquakes are closely related to faulting.地震与断层的产生有密切的关系。
Economic globalization has widened the gap between the North and the South and between the rich and the poor经济全球化使南北的发展差距、贫富差距进一步扩大Electricity makes a motor run.电使电机运转。
Electronic computer having many advantages cannot carry out creative work and replace man.即使电子计算机有很多优点，它们也不能进行创造性工作，不能代替人。
For reasons the alternating current is more widely used than the direct current.由于种种原因，交流电比直流电用得更为广泛。
Forces can be classified as internal and external.里可以分为内力和外力两种。
Fuel cells are devices that when a fuel such as hydrogen or hydrogen-rich compounds and oxygen is supplied to materials arranged like the anode and cathode of a conventional battery,combine to convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy.燃料电池是这样一种装置：当供给氢（或富氢化合物）、氧反应物时，燃料点吃中的阴阳两极就会像普通蓄电池中阳极和阴极一样发生化学反应，将化学能直接转变为电能。
Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter.气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性。
Gases,the molecules of which are widely separated from one another,have great compressibility than liquids.气体的分子互相之间距离很远，因而气体的可压缩性较液体大。