(英文原版)2003年国际船舶保险条款
海洋运输货物保险条款(附英文)
海洋运输货物保险条款（附英文）一、责任范围本保险分为平安险、水渍险及一切险三种。
被保险货物遭受损失时，本保险按照保险单上订明承保险别的条款规定，负赔偿责任。
（一）平安险本保险负责赔偿：1、被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。
当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。
被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。
推定全损是指被保险货物的实际全损已经不可避免，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。
2、由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸意外事故造成货物的全部或部份损失。
3、在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
4、在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部份损失。
5、被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。
6、运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。
7、共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。
8、运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。
（二）水渍险除包括上列平安险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
（三）一切险除包括上列平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失。
二、除外责任本保险对下列损失不负赔偿责任：（一）被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失。
（二）属于发货人责任所引起的损失。
（三）在保险责任开始前，被保险货物已存在的品质不良或数量短差所造成的损失。
海洋运输货物保险条款(附英文)
海洋运输货物保险条款（附英文）一、责任范围本保险分为平安险、水渍险及一切险三种。
被保险货物遭受损失时，本保险按照保险单上订明承保险别的条款规定，负赔偿责任。
（一）平安险本保险负责赔偿：1、被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。
当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。
被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。
推定全损是指被保险货物的实际全损已经不可避免，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。
2、由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸意外事故造成货物的全部或部份损失。
3、在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
4、在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部份损失。
5、被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。
6、运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。
7、共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。
8、运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。
（二）水渍险除包括上列平安险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
（三）一切险除包括上列平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失。
二、除外责任本保险对下列损失不负赔偿责任：（一）被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失。
（二）属于发货人责任所引起的损失。
（三）在保险责任开始前，被保险货物已存在的品质不良或数量短差所造成的损失。
海洋运输货物保险条款(中英文对照)
海洋运输货物保险条款一、责任范围本保险分为平安险、水渍险及一切险三种。
被保险货物遭受损失时，本保险按照保险单上订明承保险别的条款规定，负赔偿责任。
（一）平安险本保险负责赔偿：1.被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。
当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。
被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。
推定全损是指被保险货物的实际全损已经不可避免，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。
2.由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸意外事故造成货物的全部或部份损失。
3.在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
4.在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部份损失。
5.被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。
6.运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。
7.共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。
8.运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。
（二）水渍险除包括上列平安险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
（三）一切险除包括上列平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失。
二、除外责任本保险对下列损失不负赔偿责任：（一）被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失。
（二）属于发货人责任所引起的损失。
（三）在保险责任开始前，被保险货物已存在的品质不良或数量短差所造成的损失。
海洋运输货物保险条款(附英文)
大海运输货物保险条款（附英文）一、责任范围本保险分为安全险、水渍险及全部险三种。
被保险货物遭到损失机，本保险依据保险单上订明承保险其余条款规定，负补偿责任。
（一）安全险本保险负责补偿：1、被保险货物在运输途中因为恶劣天气、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾祸造成整批货物的所有损失或推定全损。
当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权益委付给保险企业。
被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。
推定全损是指被保险货物的实质全损已经不行防止，或许恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的花费超出该目的地的货物价值。
2、因为运输工具遭到搁浅、触礁、淹没、互撞、与流冰或其余物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸不测事故造成货物的所有或部份损失。
3、在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、淹没、焚毁不测事故的状况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭到恶劣天气、雷电、海啸等自然灾祸所造成的部份损失。
4、在装卸或转运时因为一件或数件整件货物落海造成的所有或部份损失。
5、被保险人对遭到承保责任内危险的货物采纳急救、防备或减少货损的举措而支付的合理花费，但以不超出该批被救货物的保险金额为限。
6、运输工具遭受海难后，在逃难港因为卸货所惹起的损失以及在半途港，逃难港因为卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别花费。
7、共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救援花费。
8、运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，依据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。
（二）水渍险除包含上列安全险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物因为恶劣天气、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾祸所造成的部份损失。
（三）全部险除包含上列安全险和水渍险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物在运输途中因为外来原由所致的所有或部分损失。
二、除外责任本保险对以下损失不负补偿责任：（一）被保险人的成心行为或过错所造成的损失。
（二）属于发货人责任所惹起的损失。
（三）在保险责任开始前，被保险货物已存在的质量不良或数目短差所造成的损失。
2003年国际船舶保险条款”修订条款研究
摘要2002年11月1日，劳合社保险人协会（Lloyd’ s Underwriters’ Association）和伦敦保险人协会（Members of the Institute of London Underwriters）联合起来成立的联合船舶委员会（Joint Hull Committee，JHC）公布了国际船舶保险条款（International Hull Clause-1/11/2002），新的条款被冠以“国际”之名，其意在让伦敦以外的水险市场同样接受它。
在经过了相当长时间的市场咨询后，2002年条款（以下简称IHC02）被修改后于2003年11月1日正式颁布，在市场上使用，形成了现在的2003年国际船舶保险条款（以下简称IHC03）。
IHC03在结构上分为三部分，第一部分从第1条至第31条，为主要承保条件。
第二部分从第32条至第41条，为附加条款。
第三部分从第42条至第50条，为索赔条款。
本文主要对一些修改和增订的条款进行分析讨论，以求对IHC03的新变化做详细的陈述以及可以给我国“1986年中国人民保险公司船舶保险条款”（以下简称PICC1986）的修改一些启示。
全文分五章，章节结构简要说明如下：第一章风险条款：详细介绍殷琪玛瑞条款中潜在缺陷条款的修改背景以及承保范围的变化，同时介绍了除外责任条款中承保范围的变化。
第二章损失（费用）条款：分三小节介绍了共同海损、救助，共同海损吸收条款，施救费用。
重点对IHC03规定共同海损、救助和施救费用不适用不足额保险的这一修改做了讨论。
第三章保证条款：对保证条款的修改也是IHC03的重要修改之一，本章主要介绍了航海条款、船级条款以及管理条款中的关于保证的主要修改。
第四章索赔条款：介绍了被保险人义务条款、索赔通知条款以及追偿条款，力求通过对实践中一些判例的介绍讲清楚条款修改的用义和内容。
第五章其他条款：对其他一些修改和新增的条款做了介绍，主要包括保险费支付条款、退费条款以及1999合同（第三者权利）法等。
海洋运输货物保险条款(附英文)-精校.doc
海洋运输货物保险条款（附英文）一、责任范围本保险分为平安险、水渍险及一切险三种。
被保险货物遭受损失时，本保险按照保险单上订明承保险别的条款规定，负赔偿责任。
（一）平安险本保险负责赔偿：1、被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。
当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。
被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。
推定全损是指被保险货物的实际全损已经不可避免，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。
2、由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸意外事故造成货物的全部或部份损失。
3、在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
4、在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部份损失。
5、被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。
6、运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。
7、共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。
8、运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。
（二）水渍险除包括上列平安险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
（三）一切险除包括上列平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失。
二、除外责任本保险对下列损失不负赔偿责任：（一）被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失。
（二）属于发货人责任所引起的损失。
（三）在保险责任开始前，被保险货物已存在的品质不良或数量短差所造成的损失。
海洋运输货物保险条款(附英文)
合同编号：_________海洋运输货物保险条款（附英文）甲方：_________________________乙方：_________________________签订日期：______年_____月_____日第1 页共6 页海洋运输货物保险条款（附英文）一、责任范围本保险分为平安险、水渍险及一切险三种。
被保险货物遭受损失时，本保险按照保险单上订明承保险别的条款规定，负赔偿责任。
（一）平安险。
本保险负责赔偿：、被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。
当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。
被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。
推定全损是指被保险货物的实际全损已经不可避免，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。
2、由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸意外事故造成货物的全部或部份损失。
3、在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
4、在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部份损失。
5、被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。
6、运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。
第 2 页共 6 页7、共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。
8、运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。
（二）水渍险。
除包括上列平安险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
（三）一切险。
除包括上列平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失。
海洋运输货物保险条款(附英文)
海洋运输货物保险条款（附英文）一、责任范围本保险分为平安险、水渍险及一切险三种。
被保险货物遭受损失时，本保险按照保险单上订明承保险别的条款规定，负赔偿责任。
（一）平安险本保险负责赔偿：1、被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。
当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。
被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。
推定全损是指被保险货物的实际全损已经不可避免，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。
2、由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸意外事故造成货物的全部或部份损失。
3、在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
4、在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部份损失。
5、被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。
6、运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。
7、共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。
8、运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。
（二）水渍险除包括上列平安险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
（三）一切险除包括上列平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失。
二、除外责任本保险对下列损失不负赔偿责任：（一）被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失。
（二）属于发货人责任所引起的损失。
（三）在保险责任开始前，被保险货物已存在的品质不良或数量短差所造成的损失。
《国际贸易术语解释通则》FOB(中英文版)
《国际贸易术语解释通则》FOB(中英文版)国际贸易术语解释通则：FOB（中英文版）一、词汇解释FOB，即“Free On Board”，是国际贸易中常用的术语之一，表示货物交付给海上运输承运人后，卖方的责任结束。
在FOB价格中，包括了卖方将货物运载到指定港口码头并将货物装上船的费用，但不包括海上运费及保险费。
买方成为货物的承担风险和费用的责任方。
二、FOB的具体条款解释1、FOB的含义FOB的定义是指卖方负责将商品运送到指定的装运港口，并在货物装载到承运人指定的船上时，交付货物的所有权和责任。
在FOB条件下，卖方需承担的责任包含了将货物送到指定港口码头，并保证将货物装上船舶的费用和风险。
2、FOB规定的权利和义务2.1 卖方的权利和义务：- 将货物送到指定的装运港口码头；- 确保货物按照装船要求进行准备；- 承担由于运输过程中的损失或者损坏所导致的责任，直到货物装上船；- 安排货物进口的海关手续。
2.2 买方的权利和义务：- 做好相应的进口许可证、海关手续等准备工作；- 承担运费、保险费等费用；- 从卖方处接收货物，并负责货物离港后的风险和费用。
三、本文档所涉及附件如下：1. 货物交付清单该清单详细列出了卖方将要交付的货物，包括数量、规格、质量等信息。
2. 装船要求该附件详细说明了卖方要求买方按照一定的标准和程序进行货物的装船操作，以确保货物的安全及顺利运输。
3. 运输合同运输合同是卖方与承运人之间的协议，包括了运费、运输方式、运输时间等条款，对交付货物的方式和条件进行了约定。
4. 货物保险该附件包含了卖方在货物运输过程中所购买的保险政策，其中包括了保险费用、保险范围及索赔方式等内容。
四、本文档所涉及的法律名词及注释：1. 海上运输承运人指负责承担货物在海上运输过程中的责任和义务的公司或者个人。
2. 港口码头指用于装卸货物的特定区域，通常位于港口内。
3. 进口许可证指进口国政府颁发的一种准许进口特定商品或者货物的许可证明文件。
海洋运输货物保险条款(附英文)
海洋运输货物保险条款（附英文）各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢一、责任范围本保险分为平安险、水渍险及一切险三种。
被保险货物遭受损失时，本保险按照保险单上订明承保险别的条款规定，负赔偿责任。
（一）平安险。
本保险负责赔偿：1、被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。
当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。
被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。
推定全损是指被保险货物的实际全损已经不可避免，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。
2、由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸意外事故造成货物的全部或部份损失。
3、在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
4、在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部份损失。
5、被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。
6、运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。
7、共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。
8、运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。
（二）水渍险。
除包括上列平安险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
（三）一切险。
除包括上列平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失。
二、除外责任本保险对下列损失不负赔偿责任：（一）被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失。
（二）属于发货人责任所引起的损失。
海船船长驾驶必备英语第六章海上保险条款
第六章海上保险条款§6-1 中保船舶险PICC Marine Insurance (Hull Insurance Clauses)The subject matter of this insurance is the vessel, including its hull, lifeboats, machinery, equipments, instruments, tackles, bunkers and stores.This insurance is classified into Total Loss Cover an All Risk Cover.I. Scope of Cover1. Total Loss CoverThis insurance covers total loss of the Insured vessel caused by:1) earthquake, volcanic eruption, lightning or other natural calamities;2) grounding, collision, contact with any object, fixed, floating or otherwise, or other perils of the sea;3) fire or explosions;4) violent theft by persons from outside the vessel or piracy;5) jettison;6) breakdown of or accident to nuclear installations or reactors;7) this insurance also covers total loss of the Insured vessel caused by:(1) accidents in loading, discharging or shifting cargo or fuel;(2) any latent defect in a machinery or hull of the vessel;(3) wrongful acts will fully committed by the master or crew to the prejudiceof the Insured interest;(4) negligence of the master crew or pilots repairers or charterers;(5) acts of any governmental authority to prevent or minimize a pollutionhazard resulting from damage to the vessel caused by risks insured against,provided such loss has not resulted from want of due diligence by theInsured, Owners or Managers.2. All Risks CoverThis insurance covers total loss of or partial loss of or damage to the Insured vessel arising from the causes under the Total Loss Cover and also covers the under-mentioned liability or expense:1) Collision Liabilities(1) This insurance covers legal liabilities of the Insured as a consequenceof the Insured vessel coming into collision or contact with any othervessel, or any object, fixed, floating or otherwise. However, this clausedoes not cover any liabilities in respect of: loss of life, personal injuryor illness; cargo or other property on or engagements of the Insured vessel;removal or disposal of obstructions, wrecks, cargoes or any other thingwhatsoever; pollution or contamination of any property or thing whatsoever(including cost of preventive measures and clean-up operations) exceptpollution or contamination of the other vessel with which the Insuredvessels is in collision or property on such other vessel; indirect expensesarising from delay to or loss of use of any object, fixed, floating orotherwise.(2) Where the Insured vessel is in collision with another vessel and bothvessels are to blame, then unless the liability of one or both vesselsbecomes limited by law, the indemnity under this clause shall be calculatedon the principle of cross liabilities. This principle also applies whenthe Insured vessel comes into contact with an object.(3) The insurer’s liability (including legal costs) under this clause shallbe in addition to his liability under the other provisions of thisinsurance but shall not exceed the Insured amount of the vessel herebyinsured in respect of each separate occurrence.2) General Average and Salvage(1) This insurance covers the Insured vessel’s proportion of general average,salvage or salvage charges, but in case of general average sacrifice of thevessel, the Insured may recover fully for such loss without obtainingcontributions from other parties.(2) General average shall be adjusted in accordance with the relative contractand of governing law and practice. However, where the contract of affreightment or carriage does not so provide, the adjustment shall be according to the Beijing Adjustment Rules or similar provisions of other rules.(3) Where all the contributing interests are owned by the Insured, or whenthe Insured vessel sails in ballast and there ate no other contributing interests the provisions of the Beijing Adjusting Rules (excluding Article5), or similar provisions of other rules if expressly agreed, shall applyas if the interests were owned by different persons. The voyage for this purpose shall be deemed to continue from the port or place of departure until the arrival of the vessel at the first port or place of call for bunkering only. If at any such intermediate port or place there is an abandonment of the adventure originally contemplated the voyage shall thereupon be deemed to be terminated.3) Sue and Labour(1) Where there is loss or damage to the vessel from a peril insured againstor where the vessel is in immediate danger from such a peril, and as a result reasonable expenditure is incurred by the Insured in order to avert or minimize a loss which would be recoverable under this insurance, the Insurer will be liable for the expenses so incurred by the Insured. This clause shall not apply to general average, salvage or salvage charges or to expenditure otherwise provided for in this insurance.(2) The insurer’s liability under this clause is in addition to his liabilityunder the other provisions of this insurance, but shall not exceed an amount equal to the sum insured in respect of the vessel.II. ExclusionsThis insurance does not cover loss, damage, liability or expense cause by:1. Unseaworthiness including not being properly manned, equipped or loaded, providedthat the Insured knew, or should have know, of such unseaworthiness when the vessel was sent to sea;2. Negligence or intentional act of the Insured and his representative;3. Ordinary wear and tear, corrosion, rottenness or insufficient upkeep, or defectin material which the Insured should have discovered with due diligence, or replacement of or repair to any part in unsound condition as mentioned above.4. Risks covered and excluded in the Hull War and Strikes Clauses of this Company.III. Deductible1. Partial loss caused by a peril insured against shall be payable subject to thedeductible stipulated in the policy for each separate accident or occurrence (excluding claims under collision liability, salvage and general average, and sue and labour).2. Claims for damage by heavy weather occurring during a single sea passage betweentwo successive ports shall be treated as being due to one accident.This clause shall not apply to a claim for total loss of vessel, and the reasonable expense of sighting the bottom after grounding, if incurred specially for that purpose.IV. ShippingUnless previously approved by the insurer and any amended terms of cover and additional premium required have been agreed, this insurance does not cover loss, damage, liability and expense caused under the following circumstances:1. towage or salvage service undertaken by the Insured vessel;2. cargo loading or discharging operation at sea from or into another vessel (not being a harbor or inshore craft) including whist approaching, lying alongside and leaving;3. the Insured vessel sailing with an intention of being broken up or sold for breaking up.V. Period of InsuranceThis insurance is classified into Time Insurance and Voyage Insurance.1. Time Insurance: Longest duration is one year, the time of commencement andtermination being subject to the stipulation in the policy. Should the Insured vessel at the expiration of this insurance be at sea or in distress or at port of refuge or of call, she shall, provided previous notice be given to the insurer, be held covered to her port of destination with the payment of an additional pro rata daily premium. However, in case of a total loss of the vessel during such period of extension, an additional six moths premium shall be paid to the insurer.2. Voyage Insurance: to be subject of the voyage stipulated in the policy. The timeof commencement and termination to be dealt with according to the following provisions:1) With no cargo on board: to commence from the time of unmooring or weightinganchor at the port of sailing until the completion of casing anchor or mooring at the port of destination.2) With cargo on board: to commence from the time of loading at the port of sailinguntil the completion of discharge at the port of destination, but in no case shall a period of thirty days be exceeded counting from midnight of the day of arrival of the vessel at the port of distination.VI. Termination1. This insurance shall terminate automatically in the event of payment for totalloss of the Insured vessel.2. Unless previously agreed by the Insurer in writing, this insurance shall terminateautomatically at the time of any change of the Classification Society of the Insured vessel, change or cancellation or withdrawal of her Class therein, change in the ownership or flag, assignment or transfer to new management, charter ona bareboat basis, requisition for title. If the vessel has cargo on board or isat sea, such termination shall, if required, be deferred until arrival at hernext port or final port of discharge or destination.3. In case of any such breach of warranty as to cargo, voyage, trading limit, towage,salvage services or date of sailing, this insurance shall terminate automatically unless notice be given to the Insurer immediately after receipt of advice and any amended terms of cover and any additional premium required be agreed.VII. Premium and Returns1. Time Insurance: Full premium shall be due and payable on attachment, and if agreedby the Insurer payment may be made by installments, but in the event of total loss of the Insured vessel, any unpaid premium shall be immediately due and payable. Premium is returnable as follows:1) If this insurance is cancelled or terminated, premium shall be returned prorata daily net for the uncommenced day, but this clause shall not be applicable to clause .2) Where the Insured vessel is laid up in a port or a lay-up area approved bythe Insurer for a period exceeding thirty consecutive days irrespective of whether she is under repairs in dock or shipyard, loading or discharging, 50% (fifty percent) of net premium for such period shall be returned pro rata daily but in no case shall such return of premium be recoverable in the event of total loss of the vessel.In the event of any return recoverable under this clause being based on thirty consecutive days which fall on successive insurance effected for the same Insured, such return of premium shall be calculated pro rata separately for the number of days covered by each insurance.2. Voyage insurance: In no case shall voyage insurance be cancelable and the premiumthereof be returnable once it commences.VIII. Duty of Insured1. Immediately upon receipt of advice of any accident or loss to the Insured vessel,it is the duty of the Insured to give notice to the Insurer within 48 hours, andif the vessel is abroad, to the Insurer’s nearest agent immediately, and so take all reasonable measures for the purpose of averting or minimizing a loss which would be recoverable under this insurance.2. Measures taken by the Insured or the Insurer with the object of averting orminimizing a loss which would be recoverable under this insurance shall not be considered as waiver or acceptance of abandonment or otherwise prejudice the rights of either party.3. The Insured shall obtain prior agreement of the Insurer in determining theliabilities and expenses in respect of the Insured vessel.4. In submitting a claim for loss, the Insured shall transfer to the Insurer allnecessary documents and assist him in pursuing recovery against the third party in case of third party liabilities or expenses being involved.IX. Tender1. Where the Insured vessel is damaged and repairs are required, the Insured shalltake such tenders as a diligent uninsured owner would take to obtain the most favourable offer for the repairs of the damaged vessel.2. The Insurer may also take tenders or may require further tenders to be taken forthe repair of the vessel. Where such a tender is accepted with the approval of the Insurer, the allowance in respect of fuel and stores and wages and maintenance of the master and crew shall be made for the time lost between the dispatch of the invitations to tender required by the Insurer and the acceptance of a tender, but the maximum allowance shall not exceed the rate of 30% per annum on the Insured value of the vessel.3. The Insured may decide the place of repair of the damaged vessel, however, ifthe Insured in making such decisions does not act as a diligent uninsured owner, then the Insurer shall have a right of veto concerning the place of repair ora repairing firm decided by the owner or deduct any increased costs resultingtherefrom from the indemnity.X. Claim and IndemnityIn case of accident or loss insured against, no claim shall be recoverable should the Insured failed to submit claim document to the insurer within two years following the accident or loss.Total Loss1) Where the Insured vessel is completely destroyed or so seriously damaged asto cease to be a thing of the kind insured or there the Insured is irretrievably deprived of the vessel, it may be deemed a actual total loss, and the full insured amount shall be indemnified.2) Where no news is received of the whereabouts of the Insured vessel over aperiod of two months after the date on which she is expected to arrive at the port of destination it shall be deemed an actual total loss and the full insured amount shall be indemnified.3) Where an actual total loss of the Insured vessel appears to be unavoidableor the cost of recovery, repair and/or salvage or the aggregate thereof will exceed the Insured value of the vessel, it may be deemed a constructive total loss and the full insured amount shall be indemnified after notice of abandonment of the vessel is given to the Insurer irrespective of whether the Insurer accepts the abandonment. Once the Insurer accepts the abandonment, the subject matter insured belongs to the Insurer.Partial loss1) Claims under this insurance shall be payable without deduction new for old;2) In no case shall a claim be admitted in respect of scrapping derusting orpainting of the vessel’s bottom unless directly related repairs of plating, damaged by an insured peril;3) Where repairs for owner’s account necessary to make the vessel seaworthyand/or a routine drydocking are carried out concurrently with repairs covered by this insurance, then the cost of entering and leaving dock and the dock dues for the time spent in dock shall be divide equally.4) Where it is necessary to place the vessel in drydock for repair of the damagecovered by this insurance, the Insurer’s liability for the cost of docking shall not be reduced, should the Insured has surveys or other work carried out while the vessel is in dock provided the time for the work for the Insured’s account is not prolonged in dock or the cost of docking is not in any way increased.In no case shall any sum be allowed under this insurance either by way of remuneration of the Insured for time and trouble taken to obtain and supply information or documents or in respect of the commission or charges of any manager, agent, managing or agency company or the like, appointed by or on behalf of the Insured to perform such services, unless prior agreement has been obtained.Where the Insured amount is less than the agreed value or the contributory value in respect of general average or salvage, then the Insurer is only liable to pay that proportion of any loss or expense covered by this insurance that the amount insured bears to the agreed or contributory value.Where the Insured vessel comes into collision with or receives salvage services from another vessel owned by the Insured or under the same management, the Insurer shall be liable under this insurance as if the other vessel were owned by a third party.XI. Treatment of DisputesShould disputes arise between the insured and insurer and it is necessary to submit to arbitration or take legal action, such arbitration or legal action shall be carried out at the place where the defendant is domiciled.注释tackle, 索具。
试论我国海上保险保证制度的完善
试论我国海上保险保证制度的完善摘要：海上保险的保证制度起源于海上保险最为发达的英国，是海上保险法律中的一项重要制度。
中国现行法律对保证制度的规定内容过于简单，立法技术亦显滞后，由于保险法中未规定保证制度，海商法对保证的规定过于简化，海商法立法原意不能充分体现，不能被人们正确理解。
本文从保证的定义入手，结合英国《1906年海上保险法》对保证的系统规定，提出对中国海商法完善保证制度的建议。
关键词：英国海上保险保证船舶保险中国一、保证制度概述保险法律上的保证主要是英美法系国家所特有的制度。
我国保险法没有关于保证的规定，海商法仅有一条关于保证的规定，即它在第235条规定了违反保证条款的后果。
根据英国《1906年海上保险法》第33条的规定，保证是指允诺性的保证，即被保证人保证去做或不去做某种特定事情，或履行某项条件，或者肯定或否定存在某些事实的特定状态。
保证可以明示或默示。
无论保证对风险是否重要，均是一种必须严格遵守的条件。
如果被保险人不如此遵守，除非保险单另有明示规定，从被保险人违反保证之日起，保险人解除责任，但不妨碍在违反保证之前他所承保的任何责任。
从上述规定可以看出，保证的突出特点在于履行的严格性和后果的严厉性。
按照英国法律，保证可分为明示保证和默示保证两种。
明示保证表现为合同条款，只要当事人以明确的意图给其以保证的地位。
默示保证是指合同依法必不可少的重要保证条款，合同当事人无须在合同中明确约定，但仍应推定适用。
默示保证有适航保证和合法性保证。
合法性默示保证指所保航程合法，而且在被保险人可以控制的范围内以合法的方式完成航程。
明示保证和默示保证都有下列特征：（一）保证必须严格遵守，不得有丝毫背离。
尤其对于明示保证，不适用”法律不管琐事”原则，必须按照文字的内容严格遵守，基本上遵守是不够的。
这就是保证的严苛性。
例如，船舶保证定于8月1日开航，但却等到2日才开航，这就没有遵守此项保证。
（二）违反保证，被保险人没有抗辩理由。
海洋运输货物保险条款(附英文)
标准合同模板Standard contract template海洋运输货物保险条款（附英文）海洋运输货物保险条款（附英文）一、责任范围本保险分为平安险、水渍险及一切险三种。
被保险货物遭受损失时，本保险按照保险单上订明承保险别的条款规定，负赔偿责任。
（一）平安险本保险负责赔偿：1、被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。
当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。
被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。
推定全损是指被保险货物的实际全损已经不可避免，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。
2、由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸意外事故造成货物的全部或部份损失。
3、在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
4、在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部份损失。
5、被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。
6、运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。
7、共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。
8、运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。
（二）水渍险除包括上列平安险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
（三）一切险除包括上列平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失。
二、除外责任本保险对下列损失不负赔偿责任：（一）被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失。
【保险合同】海洋运输货物保险条款(附英文)
海洋运输货物保险条款（附英文）一、责任范围本保险分为平安险、水渍险及一切险三种。
被保险货物遭受损失时，本保险按照保险单上订明承保险别的条款规定，负赔偿责任。
（一）平安险。
本保险负责赔偿：1、被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。
当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。
被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。
推定全损是指被保险货物的实际全损已经不可避免，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。
2、由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸意外事故造成货物的全部或部份损失。
3、在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
4、在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部份损失。
5、被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。
6、运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。
7、共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。
8、运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。
（二）水渍险。
除包括上列平安险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
（三）一切险。
除包括上列平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失。
二、除外责任本保险对下列损失不负赔偿责任：（一）被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失。
（二）属于发货人责任所引起的损失。
（三）在保险责任开始前，被保险货物已存在的品质不良或数量短差所造成的损失。
海上保险讲义-part5-20100508
3、碰撞责任范围 是法律赔偿责任，如果赔偿责任系双方当事 人约定而无法律依据，保险人不赔（和解一 般须经保险人同意）；但我国条款不要求被 保险人对赔偿责任已实际支付，与ITC不同。 具体包括三项： （1）对方船舶或船上财产（货物、备件、个人 物品等）的灭失/损坏； （2）对方船或船上财产的延误或丧失使用的损 失（船期损失）； （3）对方船或船上财产承担的共同海损或救助 报酬（纯救助或合同救助）
碰撞对方如果不是船舶，则不是船舶碰 撞。例如，如果船舶与他船锚链或缆绳 接触、或与正在被打捞的沉船接触，应 构成船舶碰撞；如果船舶与渔船拖网接 触，或与沉船残骸或没有打捞或修复可 能的沉船相撞，或与浮吊、浮筒等装置 相撞，则不构成船舶碰撞。
2、碰撞责任条款在整个条款中的地位 （1）碰撞责任是一种补充合同，在船舶保 险条款中自成体系。 （2）碰撞损害赔偿责任在船舶本身损失、 费用之外另行支付。 （3）不受本保险列明风险的制约，不受被 保险人克尽职责的限制，但仍受其他条 款（包括除外责任、海运、保险期限、 保险终止、被保险人义务、姊妹船条款 以及争议处理等条款）的限制。
全损险承保列明风险（具体参见第三章） 造成保险船舶的全损+有关施救费用； 一切险承保列明风险造成保险船舶的全损 或部分损失以及碰撞责任、共同海损分 摊和救助以及施救费用。 在ITC条款中，保险人只赔偿被保险人对碰 撞损害赔偿责任的3/4，而且对每次碰 撞事故的总责任不得超过船舶保险价值 的3/4，我国船舶保险条款碰撞全部碰 撞责任，但每次事故以保险金额为限。
则－
（1）A船保险人实际赔偿A船28000+9000=37000 ① A船自负本船船期损失12000 A船损失及其单一碰撞责任合计为49000 （37000+12000） （2）B船保险人实际赔偿B船20000-9000=11000 ② B船自负本船船期损失10000 A船对B船的单一碰撞责任9000 B船损失合计为30000（11000+10000+9000）
船舶保险的实务与法律
船舶保险的实务与法律
孙景亮 合伙人
2008年11月 天津
讲 者
孙景亮 合伙人
Tel: 0755-8882 8008 / Mobile: 1350 152 8841 Email: sunjingliang@
学 历：
1996年毕业于上海海运学院，主修国际航运管理，获经济学学士学位 1999年毕业于上海海运学院，主修海商法，获法学硕士学位 2004年毕业于英国伦敦大学，主修保险法、公司法等，获法学硕士学位
三、防范于未然 ——合同订立前、履行中
• 殷其玛瑞[―Inchmaree‖]条款
– “雪峰岭” 轮 （1997）粤法经二上字第292号
船东按照PICC86条款为“雪峰岭”轮投保了一切险，即保险船舶 所遭受的全损或部分损失，其中包括因船舶机件或船壳的潜在缺 陷。由于甲板纵骨局部严重锈蚀超耗而强度不足，导致船体在满 载时严重中垂而断裂。船东索赔约为人民币144万和港币823万。 保险人辩称该锈蚀属于自然损耗或正常锈蚀，可以依据《海商法》 第244条免除赔偿责任。
二、船舶保险的常遇风险
• 潜在缺陷（殷其玛瑞[―Inchmaree‖]）条款 （cl.6.2, ITC83; cl.1.7.1~4, PICC86） • 碰撞责任条款 （cl.8, ITC83; cl.1.2, PICC86） • 污染危险条款 （cl.7, ITC83; cl.1.7.5, PICC86）
三、防范于未然 ——合同订立前、履行中
• 殷其玛瑞[―Inchmaree‖]条款
– “潍洋”轮 （1998）鲁经终字第639号
保险人按照PICC86―一切险”承保―潍洋”轮。靠港卸货时碰撞码 头。直接原因经查明是减压阀失灵。该故障在船舶的日常保养能 否被发现成为保险合同双方的争议焦点之一。
海洋运输货物保险条款(附英文)
海洋运输货物保险条款〔附英文〕一、责任范围本保险分为平安险、水渍险及一切险三种。
被保险货物遭受损失时，本保险按照保险单上订明承保险别的条款规定，负赔偿责任。
〔一〕平安险本保险负责赔偿：1、被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。
当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。
被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。
推定全损是指被保险货物的实际全损已经不可防止，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。
2、由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、漂浮、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸意外事故造成货物的全部或部份损失。
3、在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、漂浮、焚毁意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
4、在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部份损失。
5、被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。
6、运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。
7、共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。
8、运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任〞条款，根据该条款规定应由货方归还船方的损失。
〔二〕水渍险除包括上列平安险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害所造成的部份损失。
〔三〕一切险除包括上列平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，本保险还负责被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或局部损失。
二、除外责任本保险对以下损失不负赔偿责任：〔一〕被保险人的成心行为或过失所造成的损失。
〔二〕属于发货人责任所引起的损失。
〔三〕在保险责任开始前，被保险货物已存在的品质不良或数量短差所造成的损失。
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"These clauses are purely illustrative. Different policy conditions may be agreed. The specimen clauses are available to any interested person upon request. In particular:(a) in relation to any clause which excludes losses from the cover, insurers may agree a separate insurance policycovering such losses or may extend the clause to cover such events;(b) In relation to clauses making cover of certain risks subject to specific conditions each insurer may alter the saidconditions."(FOR USE WITH THE CURRENT MAR POLICY FORM)INTERNATIONAL HULL CLAUSES (01/11/03)PART 1 - PRINCIPAL INSURING CONDITIONS1GENERAL1.1Part 1, Clauses 32-36 of Part 2 and Part 3 apply to this insurance. Parts 2 and 3 shallbe those current at the date of inception of this insurance. Clauses 37-41 of Part 2 shall only apply where the Underwriters have expressly so agreed in writing.1.2This insurance is subject to English law and practice.1.3This insurance is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English High Court ofJustice, except as may be expressly provided herein to the contrary.1.4If any provision of this insurance is held to be invalid or unenforceable, suchinvalidity or unenforceability will not affect the other provisions of this insurance, which shall remain in full force and effect.2PERILS2.1This insurance covers loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured caused by2.1.1perils of the seas, rivers, lakes or other navigable waters2.1.2fire, explosion2.1.3violent theft by persons from outside the vessel2.1.4jettison2.1.5piracy2.1.6contact with land conveyance, dock or harbour equipment or installation2.1.7earthquake, volcanic eruption or lightning2.1.8accidents in loading, discharging or shifting cargo, fuel, stores or parts2.1.9contact with satellites, aircraft, helicopters or similar objects, or objectsfalling therefrom.2.2This insurance covers loss of or damage to the subject matter insured caused by2.2.1bursting of boilers or breakage of shafts but does not cover any of the costs ofrepairing or replacing the boiler which bursts or the shaft which breaks2.2.2any latent defect in the machinery or hull, but does not cover any of the costsof correcting the latent defect2.2.3negligence of Master, Officers, Crew or Pilots2.2.4negligence of repairers or charterers provided such repairers or charterers arenot an Assured under this insurance2.2.5barratry of Master, Officers or Crewprovided that such loss or damage has not resulted from want of due diligence by the Assured, Owners or Managers.2.3Where there is a claim recoverable under Clause 2.2.1, this insurance shall also coverone half of the costs common to the repair of the burst boiler or the broken shaft and to the repair of the loss or damage caused thereby.2.4Where there is a claim recoverable under Clause 2.2.2, this insurance shall also coverone half of the costs common to the correction of the latent defect and to the repair of the loss or damage caused thereby.2.5Master, Officers, Crew or Pilots shall not be considered Owners within the meaningof Clause 2.2 should they hold shares in the vessel.3LEASED EQUIPMENT3.1This insurance covers loss of or damage to equipment and apparatus not owned by theAssured but installed for use on the vessel and for which the Assured has assumed contractual liability, where such loss or damage is caused by a peril insured under this insurance.3.2The liability of the Underwriters shall not exceed the lesser of the contractual liabilityof the Assured for loss of or damage to such equipment or apparatus or the reasonable cost of their repair or their replacement value. All such equipment and apparatus are included in the insured value of the vessel.4PARTS TAKEN OFF4.1This insurance covers loss of or damage to parts taken off the vessel, where such lossor damage is caused by a peril insured under this insurance.4.2Where the parts taken off the vessel are not owned by the Assured but where theAssured has assumed contractual liability for such parts, the liability of the Underwriters for such parts taken off shall not exceed the lesser of the contractual liability of the Assured for loss of or damage to such parts or the reasonable cost of their repair or their replacement value.4.3If at the time of loss of or damage to the parts taken off the vessel, such parts arecovered by any other insurance or would be so covered but for this Clause 4, then this insurance shall only be excess of such other insurance.4.4Cover in respect of parts taken off the vessel shall be limited to 60 days whilst not onboard the vessel. Periods in excess of 60 days shall be held covered provided notice is given to the Underwriters prior to the expiry of the 60 day period and any amended terms of cover and any additional premium required are agreed.4.5In no case shall the total liability of the Underwriters under this Clause 4 exceed 5%of the insured value of the vessel.5POLLUTION HAZARDThis insurance covers loss of or damage to the vessel caused by any governmental authority acting under the powers vested in it to prevent or mitigate a pollution hazard or damage to the environment or threat thereof, resulting directly from damage to the vessel for which the Underwriters are liable under this insurance, provided that such act of governmental authority has not resulted from want of due diligence by the Assured, Owners or Managers to prevent or mitigate such hazard or damage or threat thereof. Master, Officers, Crew or Pilots shall not be considered Owners within the meaning of this Clause 5 should they hold shares in the vessel.63/4THS COLLISION LIABILITY6.1The Underwriters agree to indemnify the Assured for three fourths of any sum orsums paid by the Assured to any other person or persons by reason of the Assured becoming legally liable by way of damages for6.1.1loss of or damage to any other vessel or property thereon6.1.2delay to or loss of use of any such other vessel or property thereon6.1.3general average of, salvage of, or salvage under contract of, any such othervessel or property thereon,where such payment by the Assured is in consequence of the insured vessel cominginto collision with any other vessel.6.2The indemnity provided by this Clause 6 shall be in addition to the indemnityprovided by the other terms and conditions of this insurance and shall be subject tothe following provisions6.2.1where the insured vessel is in collision with another vessel and both vesselsare to blame then, unless the liability of one or both vessels becomes limitedby law, the indemnity under this Clause 6 shall be calculated on the principleof cross-liabilities as if the respective Owners had been compelled to pay toeach other such proportion of each other's damages as may have beenproperly allowed in ascertaining the balance or sum payable by or to theAssured in consequence of the collision6.2.2in no case shall the total liability of the Underwriters under Clauses 6.1 and6.2 exceed their proportionate part of three fourths of the insured value of theinsured vessel in respect of any one collision.6.3The Underwriters shall also pay three fourths of the legal costs incurred by theAssured or which the Assured may be compelled to pay in contesting liability or taking proceedings to limit liability, provided always that their prior written consent to the incurring of such costs shall have been obtained and that the total liability of the Underwriters under this Clause 6.3 shall not (unless the Underwriters' specificwritten agreement shall have been obtained) exceed 25% of the insured value of the insured vessel.EXCLUSIONS6.4In no case shall the Underwriters indemnify the Assured under this Clause 6 for anysum, which the Assured shall pay for or in respect of6.4.1removal or disposal of obstructions, wrecks, cargoes or any other thingwhatsoever6.4.2any real or personal property or thing whatsoever except other vessels orproperty on other vessels6.4.3the cargo or other property on, or the engagements of, the insured vessel6.4.4loss of life, personal injury or illness6.4.5pollution or contamination, or threats thereof, of any real or personal propertyor thing whatsoever (except other vessels with which the insured vessel is incollision or property on such other vessels) or damage to the environment, orthreat thereof, save that this exclusion shall not exclude any sum which theAssured shall pay for or in respect of salvage remuneration in which the skilland efforts of the salvors in preventing or minimising damage to theenvironment as referred to in Article 13 paragraph l(b) of the InternationalConvention on Salvage, 1989 have been taken into account.7SISTERSHIPShould the insured vessel come into collision with or receive salvage services from another vessel belonging wholly or in part to the same Owners or under the same management, the Assured shall have the same rights under this insurance as they would have were the other vessel entirely the property of Owners not interested in the insured vessel; but in such cases the liability for the collision or the amount payable for the services rendered shall be referred to a sole arbitrator to be agreed upon between the Underwriters and the Assured.8GENERAL AVERAGE AND SALVAGE8.1This insurance covers the vessel's proportion of salvage, salvage charges and/orgeneral average, without reduction in respect of any under-insurance, but in case of general average sacrifice of the vessel the Assured may recover in respect of the whole loss without first enforcing their right of contribution from other parties.8.2General average shall be adjusted according to the law and practice obtaining at theplace where the adventure ends, as if the contract of affreightment contained no special terms upon the subject; but where the contract of affreightment so provides the adjustment shall be according to the York-Antwerp Rules.8.3When the vessel sails in ballast, not under charter, the provisions of the York-Antwerp Rules, 1994 (excluding Rules XX and XXI) shall be applicable, and the voyage for this purpose shall be deemed to continue from the port or place of departure until the arrival of the vessel at the first port or place thereafter other than a port or place of refuge or a port or place of call for bunkering only. If at any such intermediate port or place there is an abandonment of the adventure originallycontemplated, the voyage shall thereupon be deemed to be terminated.8.4The Underwriters shall not be liable under this Clause 8 where the loss was notincurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of a peril insured under this insurance.8.5The Underwriters shall not be liable under this Clause 8 for or in respect of8.5.1special compensation payable to a salvor under Article 14 of the InternationalConvention on Salvage, 1989 or under any other provision in any statute,rule, law or contract which is similar in substance8.5.2expenses or liabilities incurred in respect of damage to the environment, orthe threat of such damage, or as a consequence of the escape or release ofpollutant substances from the vessel, or the threat of such escape or release. 8.6Clause 8.5 shall not however exclude any sum which the Assured shall pay8.6.1to salvors for or in respect of salvage remuneration in which the skill andefforts of the salvors in preventing or minimising damage to the environmentas referred to in Article 13 paragraph l(b) of the International Convention onSalvage, 1989 have been taken into account8.6.2as general average expenditure allowable under Rule Xl(d) of the York-Antwerp Rules 1994, but only where the contract of affreightment providesfor adjustment according to the York-Antwerp Rules 1994.9DUTY OF THE ASSURED (SUE AND LABOUR)9.1In case of any loss or misfortune it is the duty of the Assured and their servants andagents to take such measures as may be reasonable for the purpose of averting or minimising a loss which would be recoverable under this insurance.9.2Subject to the provisions below and to Clause 15, the Underwriters shall contribute tocharges properly and reasonably incurred by the Assured their servants or agents for such measures. General average, salvage charges (except as provided for in Clause9.4), special compensation and expenses as referred to in Clause 8.5 and collisiondefence or attack costs are not recoverable under this Clause 9.9.3Measures taken by the Assured or the Underwriters with the object of saving,protecting or recovering the subject-matter insured shall not be considered as awaiver or acceptance of abandonment or otherwise prejudice the rights of eitherparty.9.4When the Underwriters have admitted a claim for total loss of the vessel under thisinsurance and expenses have been reasonably incurred in saving or attempting to save the vessel and other property and there are no proceeds, or the expenses exceed the proceeds, then this insurance shall bear its pro rata share of such proportion of the expenses, or of the expenses in excess of the proceeds, as the case may be, as may reasonably be regarded as having been incurred in respect of the vessel, excluding all special compensation and expenses as referred to in Clause 8.5.9.5The sum recoverable under this Clause 9 shall be in addition to the loss otherwiserecoverable under this insurance but shall in no circumstances exceed the insured value of the vessel.10NAVIGATION PROVISIONSUnless and to the extent otherwise agreed by the Underwriters in accordance with Clause 1110.1the vessel shall not breach any provisions of this insurance as to cargo, trade orlocality (including, but not limited to, Clause 32)10.2the vessel may navigate with or without pilots, go on trial trips and assist and towvessels or craft in distress, but shall not be towed, except as is customary (including customary towage in connection with loading or discharging) or to the first safe port or place when in need of assistance, or undertake towage or salvage services under a contract previously arranged by the Assured and/or Owners and/or Managers and/or Charterers10.3the Assured shall not enter into any contract with pilots or for customary towagewhich limits or exempts the liability of the pilots and/or tugs and/or towboats and/or their owners except where the Assured or their agents accept or are compelled to accept such contracts in accordance with established local law or practice10.4the vessel shall not be employed in trading operations which entail cargo loading ordischarging at sea from or into another vessel (not being a harbour or inshore craft). 11BREACH OF NAVIGATION PROVISIONSIn the event of any breach of any of the provisions of Clause 10, the Underwriters shall not be liable for any loss, damage, liability or expense arising out of or resulting from an accident or occurrence during the period of breach, unless notice is given to the Underwriters immediately after receipt of advices of such breach and any amended terms of cover and any additional premium required by them are agreed.12CONTINUATIONShould the vessel at the expiration of this insurance be at sea and in distress or missing, she shall be held covered until arrival at the next port in good safety, or if in port and in distress until the vessel is made safe, at a pro rata monthly premium, provided that notice be given to the Underwriters as soon as possible.These Clauses 13 and 14 shall prevail notwithstanding any provision whether written typed or printed in this insurance inconsistent therewith.13CLASSIFICATION AND ISM13.1At the inception of and throughout the period of this insurance and any extensionthereof13.1.1the vessel shall be classed with a Classification Society agreed by theUnderwriters13.1.2there shall be no change, suspension, discontinuance, withdrawal or expiry ofthe vessel's class with the Classification Society13.1.3any recommendations, requirements or restrictions imposed by the vessel'sClassification Society which relate to the vessel's seaworthiness or to hermaintenance in a seaworthy condition shall be complied with by the datesrequired by that Society13.1.4the Owners or the party assuming responsibility for operation of the vesselfrom the Owners shall hold a valid Document of Compliance in respect of thevessel as required by chapter IX of the International Convention for theSafety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974 as amended and any modificationthereof13.1.5the vessel shall have in force a valid Safety Management Certificate asrequired by chapter IX of the International Convention for the Safety of Lifeat Sea (SOLAS) 1974 as amended and any modification thereof.13.2Unless the Underwriters agree to the contrary in writing, in the event of any breach ofany of the provisions of Clause 13.1, this insurance shall terminate automatically at the time of such breach, provided13.2.1that if the vessel is at sea at such date, such automatic termination shall bedeferred until arrival at her next port13.2.2where such change, suspension, discontinuance or withdrawal of her classunder Clause 13.1.2 has resulted from loss or damage covered by Clause 2 orby Clause 5 or by Clause 41.1.3 (if applicable) or which would be covered byan insurance of the vessel subject to current Institute War and Strikes ClausesHulls-Time, such automatic termination shall only operate should the vesselsail from her next port without the prior approval of the ClassificationSociety.A pro rata daily net return of premium shall be made provided that a total loss of thevessel, whether by perils insured under this insurance or otherwise, has not occurred during the period of this insurance or any extension thereof.14MANAGEMENT14.1Unless the Underwriters agree to the contrary in writing, this insurance shallterminate automatically at the time of14.1.1any change, voluntary or otherwise, in the ownership or flag of the vessel14.1.2transfer of the vessel to new management14.1.3charter of the vessel on a bareboat basis14.1.4requisition of the vessel for title or useprovided that, if the vessel has cargo on board and has already sailed from her loading port or is at sea in ballast, such automatic termination shall if required be deferred, whilst the vessel continues her planned voyage, until arrival at final port of discharge if with cargo or at port of destination if in ballast. However, in the event of requisition for title or use without the prior execution of a written agreement by the Assured, such automatic termination shall occur fifteen days after such requisition whether the vessel is at sea or in port.14.2Unless the Underwriters agree to the contrary in writing, this insurance shallterminate automatically at the time of the vessel sailing (with or without cargo) with an intention of being broken up, or being sold for breaking up.14.3In the event of termination under Clause 14.1 or Clause 14.2, a pro rata daily netreturn of premium shall be made provided that a total loss of the vessel, whether by perils insured under this insurance or otherwise, has not occurred during the period of this insurance or any extension thereof.14.4It is the duty of the Assured, Owners and Managers at the inception of and throughoutthe period of this insurance and any extension thereof to14.4.1comply with all statutory requirements of the vessel's flag state relating toconstruction, adaptation, condition, fitment, equipment, operation andmanning of the vessel14.4.2comply with all requirements of the vessel's Classification Society regardingthe reporting to the Classification Society of accidents to and defects in thevessel.In the event of any breach of any of the duties in this Clause 14.4, the Underwriters shall not be liable for any loss, damage, liability or expense attributable to such breach.15DEDUCTIBLE(S)15.1Subject to Clause 15.2, no claim arising from a peril insured under this insuranceshall be payable under this insurance unless the aggregate of all such claims arising out of each separate accident or occurrence (including claims under Clauses 2, 3, 4, 5,6 (including, if applicable, Clause 6 as amended by Clauses 37 or 38), Clauses8 and9 and, if applicable, Clause 41 exceeds the deductible amount agreed in which casethis sum shall be deducted. Nevertheless the expense of sighting the bottom after stranding, if reasonably incurred specially for that purpose, shall be paid even if no damage is found.15.2No claim for loss of or damage to any machinery, shaft, electrical equipment orwiring, boiler, condenser, heating coil or associated pipework, arising under Clauses2.2.1 to 2.2.5 and Clause 41 (if applicable) or from fire or explosion when either hasoriginated in a machinery space, shall be payable under this insurance unless the aggregate of all such claims arising out of each separate accident or occurrence exceeds the additional machinery damage deductible amount agreed (if any) in which case that amount shall be deducted. Any balance remaining, after application of this deductible, with any other claim arising from the same accident or occurrence, shall then be subject to the deductible referred to in Clause 15.1.15.3Clauses 15.1 and 15.2 shall not apply to a claim for total or constructive total loss ofthe vessel or, in the event of such a claim, to any associated claim under Clause 9 arising from the same accident or occurrence.15.4Claims for damage by heavy weather occurring during a single sea passage betweentwo successive ports shall be treated as being due to one accident. In the case of such heavy weather extending over a period not wholly covered by this insurance the deductible to be applied to the claim recoverable under this insurance shall be the proportion of the deductible in Clause 15.1 that the number of days of such heavy weather falling within the period of this insurance and any extension thereof bears to the number of days of heavy weather during the single sea passage. The expression "heavy weather" in this Clause 15.4 shall be deemed to include contact with floating ice.15.5Claims for damage occurring during each separate lightening operation and/or eachseparate cargo loading or discharging operation from or into another vessel at sea, where recoverable under this insurance, shall be treated as being due to one accident. 16NEW FOR OLDClaims recoverable under this insurance shall be payable without deduction on the basis of new for old.17BOTTOM TREATMENTThe Underwriters shall not be liable in respect of scraping, gritblasting and/or other surface preparation or painting of the vessel's bottom except that17.1gritblasting and/or other surface preparation of new bottom plates ashore andsupplying and applying any "shop" primer thereto17.2gritblasting and/or other surface preparation of17.2.1the butts or area of plating immediately adjacent to any renewed or refittedplating damaged during the course of welding and/or repairs17.2.2areas of plating damaged during the course of fairing, either in place orashore17.3supplying and applying the first coat of primer/anti-corrosive to those particular areasmentioned in Clauses 17.1 and 17.217.4supplying and applying anti-fouling coatings to those particular areas mentioned inClauses 17.1 and 17.2,shall be included as part of the reasonable cost of repairs in respect of damage to bottom plating caused by a peril insured under this insurance.18WAGES AND MAINTENANCEOther than in general average, the Underwriters shall not be liable for wages and maintenance of the Master, Officers and Crew or any member thereof, except when incurred solely for the necessary removal of the vessel from one port to another for the repair of damage covered by the Underwriters, or for trial trips for such repairs, and then only for such wages and maintenance as are incurred whilst the vessel is under way.19AGENCY COMMISSIONNo sum shall be recoverable under this insurance either by way of remuneration of the Assured for time and trouble taken to obtain and supply information or documents or in respect of the commission or charges of any manager, agent, managing or agency company or the like, appointed by or on behalf of the Assured to perform such services.20UNREPAIRED DAMAGE20.1The measure of indemnity in respect of claims for unrepaired damage shall be thereasonable depreciation in the market value of the vessel at the time this insuranceterminates arising from such unrepaired damage, but not exceeding the reasonablecost of repairs.20.2In no case shall the Underwriters be liable for unrepaired damage in the event of asubsequent total loss of the vessel (whether by perils insured under this insurance orotherwise) sustained during the period of this insurance or any extension thereof. 20.3The Underwriters shall not be liable in respect of unrepaired damage for more thanthe insured value of the vessel at the time this insurance terminates.21CONSTRUCTIVE TOTAL LOSS21.1In ascertaining whether the vessel is a constructive total loss, 80% of the insuredvalue of the vessel shall be taken as the repaired value and nothing in respect of the damaged or break-up value of the vessel or wreck shall be taken into account.21.2No claim for constructive total loss of the vessel based upon the cost of recoveryand/or repair of the vessel shall be recoverable hereunder unless such cost wouldexceed 80% of the insured value of the vessel. In making this determination, only thecost relating to a single accident or sequence of damages arising from the same accident shall be taken into account.22FREIGHT WAIVERIf a total or constructive total loss of the vessel has been admitted by the Underwriters, they shall make no claim for freight whether notice of abandonment has been given or not.23ASSIGNMENTNo assignment of or interest in this insurance or in any moneys which may be or become payable under this insurance is to be binding on or recognised by the Underwriters unless a dated notice of such assignment or interest signed by the Assured, and by the assignor in the case of subsequent assignment, is endorsed on the policy and the policy with such endorsement is produced before payment of any claim or return of premium under this insurance.24DISBURSEMENTS WARRANTY24.1Additional insurances as follows are permitted by the Underwriters:24.1.1Disbursements, Managers' Commissions, Profits or Excess or IncreasedValue of Hull and Machinery. A sum not exceeding 25% of the value statedherein.24.1.2Freight, Chartered Freight or Anticipated Freight, insured for time. A sumnot exceeding 25% of the value as stated herein less any sum insured,however described, under Clause 24.1.124.1.3Freight or Hire, under contracts for voyage. A sum not exceeding the grossfreight or hire for the current cargo passage and next succeeding cargopassage (such insurance to include, if required, a preliminary and anintermediate ballast passage) plus the charges of insurance. In the case of avoyage charter where payment is made on a time basis, the sum permitted forinsurance shall be calculated on the estimated duration of the voyage, subjectto the limitation of two cargo passages as laid down herein. Any sum insured。