有限元分析英文文献

The Basics of FEA Procedure有限元分析程序的基本知识

2.1 Introduction

This chapter discusses the spring element, especially for the purpose of introducing various concepts involved in use of the FEA technique.

本章讨论了弹簧元件，特别是用于引入使用的有限元分析技术的各种概念的目的

A spring element is not very useful in the analysis of real engineering structures; however, it represents a structure in an ideal form for an FEA analysis. Spring element doesn’t require discretization (division into smaller elements) and follows the basic equation F = ku.

在分析实际工程结构时弹簧元件不是很有用的;然而,它代表了一个有限元分析结构在一个理想的形式分析。弹簧元件不需要离散化(分裂成更小的元素)只遵循的基本方程F = ku We will use it solely for the purpose of developing an understanding of FEA concepts and procedure.

我们将使用它的目的仅仅是为了对开发有限元分析的概念和过程的理解。

2.2 Overview概述

Finite Element Analysis (FEA), also known as finite element method (FEM) is based on the concept that a structure can be simulated by the mechanical behavior of a spring in which the applied force is proportional to the displacement of the spring and the relationship F = ku is satisfied.

有限元分析(FEA),也称为有限元法(FEM)，是基于一个结构可以由一个弹簧的力学行为模拟的应用力弹簧的位移成正比,F = ku切合的关系。

In FEA, structures are modeled by a CAD program and represented by nodes and elements. The mechanical behavior of each of these elements is similar to a mechanical spring, obeying the equation, F = ku. Generally, a structure is divided into several hundred elements, generating a very large number of equations that can only be solved with the help of a computer.

在有限元分析中,结构是由CAD建模程序通过节点和元素建立。每一个元素的力学行为类似于机械弹簧,遵守方程,F =ku。一般来说,一个结构分为几百元素,生成大量的方程,只能在电脑的帮助下得到解决。

The term ‘finite element’ stems from the procedure in which a structure is divided into small but finite size elements (as opposed to an infinite size, generally used in mathematical integration).“有限元”一词源于一个结构分为小而有限大小元素的过程(而不是无限大小,通常用于数学集成)

The endpoints or corner points of the element are called nodes.

元素的端点或角点称为节点。

Each element possesses its own geometric and elastic properties.

每个元素拥有自己的几何和弹性。

Spring, Truss, and Beams elements, called line elements, are usually divided into small sections with nodes at each end. The cross-section shape doesn’t affect the behavior of a line element; only the cross-sectional constants are relevant and used in calculations. Thus, a square or a circular cross-section of a truss member will yield exactly the same results as long as the cross-sectional area is the same. Plane and solid elements require more than two nodes and can have over 8 nodes for a 3 dimensional element.

弹簧，桁架和梁元素，称为线元素，通常分为小节，每端有节点。截面形状并不影响线元素的特性;只有横截面常数是相关的并用于计算。因此,一个正方形或圆形截面桁架成员将产生完全相同的结果,只要横截面积是一样的。平面和立体元素需要超过两个节点,可以有超过8节点的三维元素。

A line element has an exact theoretical solution, e.g., truss and beam elements are governed by their respective theories of deflection and the equations of deflection can be found in an engineering text or handbook. However, engineering structures that have stress concentration points e.g., structures with holes and other discontinuities do not have a theoretical solution, and the exact stress distribution can only be found by an experimental method. However, the finite element method can provide an acceptable solution more efficiently.

线元件具有精确的理论解，例如桁架和梁元件由它们各自的偏转理论控制，并且偏转方程可以在工程文本或手册中找到。然而，具有应力集中点的工程结构，例如具有孔和其他不连续的结构不具有理论解，并且精确的应力分布只能通过实验方法找到。然而，有限元方法可以更有效地提供可接受的解决方案。

Problems of this type call for use of elements other than the line elements mentioned earlier, and the real power of the finite element is manifested.

这种类型的问题要求使用前面提到的行元素以外的元素。有限元法能真正的来体现证明。In order to develop an understanding of the FEA procedure, we will first deal with the spring element.

为了能深刻理解有限元分析过程,我们将首先处理弹簧元件。

In this chapter, spring structures will be used as building blocks for developing an understanding of the finite element analysis procedure.

在这一章,弹簧结构将被用作构建块来使用有利于有限元分析过程的理解。

Both spring and truss elements give an easier modeling overview of the finite element analysis procedure, due to the fact that each spring and truss element, regardless of length, is an ideally sized element and does not need any further division.

弹簧和桁架元件给出一个简单的建模概述了有限元分析过程,由于每个弹簧和桁架元件,不计长度,是一种理想的元素不需要任何进一步的细化。

2.3 Understanding Computer and FEA software interaction -

Using the Spring Element as an example