lecture 2 英译汉的技巧
lecture 2 汉英语言类型对比与翻译(形合与意合)
III. 汉英语的组织法特点
可见,英语重形合,注重语句形式上的接应或衔接 (cohesion); 汉语重意合,注重行文意义上的连贯(coherence)。 英语形合主要依赖词汇手段与形态手段,汉语形合主要依赖 词汇手段。 英汉语法相比,前者是显性的,刚性的,后者是隐性的,柔 性的。因为英语是形态型语言,是形足型语言;汉语是语义 型语言,是音足型语言。(潘国文,1997) 汉语意合具体表现在:省略虚词,利用词语和句子表达事件 的先后顺序和因果逻辑关系,如汗流浃背(先“汗流”后 “浃背”),玩物丧志(“玩物”是因,“丧志”是果), 不进则退(“不进”是条件,“则退”是结果)。 英语形合具体主要表现在:组词成句都离不开标记词(如连 接词、关系词、介词、冠词、分词等),明示词语和语句各 成分间的语法-语义-逻辑关系。例如:Don’t come in until I call you. (不叫你不要进来。)
II. Main Concepts
• • • • • •
意合(parataxis)和形合(hypotaxis)是语言组织法,在任 何语言中,形合手段与意合手段都是并行的,相辅相成的。 所谓形合,是指借助语言形式手段(包括词汇手段和形态等) 实现词语或句子的连接; 所谓意合,指的是词语或语句的连接主要凭借语义或语句间 的逻辑关系而实现,无需使用显性形式手段。 Consider the following: 1. The sun was shining brightly. We went for a walk. 2. The sun was shining brightly; (and) we went for a walk. 3. The sun was shining brightly, and we went for a walk. 4. The sun was shining brightly, so we went for a walk. In the first example, the two sentences are independent expressions, while in the last example they are dependent. However the connection of thought in the first examples is just as real as in the last ones, where it is explicitly expressed via the syntax of subordination.
lecture翻译技巧一词义选择
• 译:可能影响投资开支的因素并不止这些。 • 析:do not stop here 由“不停留在这里” 转译为“并不止这些”。
Case 2
• Whether you like it or not, globalization is here to stay. We are not going to reverse the trend.
1. 根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 选择某个词的词义,首先要判明这个词在原句中应属哪 一种词类,然后再进一步确定其词义。例如: Like charges repel. Unlike charges attract. 同极相斥。 异极相吸。
但在下面例句中,like又分属其他几个不同词类: 1) He likes mathematics more than physics. 他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理学。(动词) 2) In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 在射入窗内的阳光里,细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发光。
• 译:不管你对它的态度如何,经济全球化已成为 我们生活的一部分,这个趋势不可逆转。 • 析:若把它死译为“呆在这里”,不通顺。但引 申为“已成为我们生活的一部分”,把原文的信 息充分地传达出来,且易于读者理解。
Case 3
• Our products, if maintained properly and regularly, can at least see twenty years’ service.
[1][2][3][4][5]
再如“take (off)这一动词:
1) To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years.
lecture的意思用法大全
lecture的意思用法大全lecture有演讲,训斥,教训的意思。
那你们想知道lecture的用法吗?今天给大家带来了lecture的用法,希望能够帮助到大家,一起来学习吧。
lecture的意思n. 演讲,训斥,教训vi. 作演讲vt. 给…作演讲,教训(通常是长篇大论的)变形:过去式: lectured; 现在分词:lecturing; 过去分词:lectured;lecture用法lecture可以用作名词lecture主要指教育性或学术性“演讲”,引申可指“冗长的训斥或谴责”。
lecture是可数名词,其后接介词on或about ,意为“关于…的演讲”“就…做演讲”“因…训斥或谴责某人”。
lecture作“讲演,讲课”解时,是不及物动词。
说“讲授某课程”时常与介词on连用,说“在某地讲演”时常与介词at〔in〕连用。
lecture用作名词的用法例句She ran over her notes before giving the lecture.她讲课前把讲稿匆匆看了一遍。
His lecture covered various aspects of language.他的讲课涉及到语言诸方面的问题。
They could not follow the lecture.他们听不懂这次演讲。
lecture可以用作动词lecture作“讲演,讲课”解时,是不及物动词。
说“讲授某课程”时常与介词on连用,说“在某地讲演”时常与介词at〔in〕连用。
lecture也可用作及物动词,意思是“向…讲演,给…讲课”,接名词或代词作宾语。
lecture还可作“责备”“教训”“训斥”解,用作及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语。
“因…而受到训斥”可说lecture sb for n./v -ing。
lecture用作动词的用法例句It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class.当着整个班级的面被训斥了一顿,真让我感到羞辱。
英汉互译lecturenote2(仅供参考)解析
Lecture note 21、直译(literal translation)VS意译(free translation)直译:是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。
直译不等于硬译或死译,也叫逐字翻译——就是以词为单位进行考虑的,力求目的语的每个词都能与原语的每个词对等。
直译不仅能保持原作的特点,而且还可使读者逐步接受原作的文学风格,促进语言多样性,丰富目的语的语言形式,以利跨文化沟通与交流。
Eg:1.dark horse(黑马)brandy(白兰地)rifle(来福枪)carnation(康乃馨)litchi(荔枝)salon(沙龙)engine(引擎)gentlemen’s agreement(君子协议)one country,two systems(一国两制)2.to show one’s cards摊牌3.Soon got, soon gone.来得容易,去得快。
4.Speech is silver, silence is golden.雄辩是银,沉默是金。
5.There is no smoke without fire.无火不生烟6.The worst wheel of a cart creaks most.最坏的车轮最会嘎嘎响。
7.Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见,心不念。
8.来得易,去得疾。
Easy come, easy go.9.同一个世界,同一个梦想。
One world, one dream.10.She has many hot potatoes to handle every day.她每天都要处理很多棘手的问题。
11.Partly as a result of the recently increasing demand, whole sale tea prices havealmost doubled.部分由于日益增长的需求,批发茶的价格几乎翻了一番。
桥梁工程专业英语2
1、加词法 2+1=2(加词不加意) Exam. 1 Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.(„and energy can be changed into matter.) 汉译:物质可以转化为能量,能量也可以转化为物质。
3、 一句拆成两句 Exam. You must grasp the concept of “work” which is very important in physics. 译文:你必须掌握“功”的概念,因为它在物理学中很重要。 Exam. Einstein, who worked out the famous Theories of Relativity, won the Nobel Prize in 1921. 译文:由于爱因斯坦提出了著名的“相对论”,因此,他于1921年获得了诺贝尔奖 金。 Exam. The enemy tried in vain to capture our stronghold for several times. 译文:敌人曾几次试图拿下我们的阵地,但都失败了。
Exercises: 1. Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution. 2. His failure in observing the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. puters having many advantages can’t do creative work, never can they replace man. 4.He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. 译文:1、她曾期待某种奇迹般的解决方法,这是不合逻辑的。 2、他不遵守安全规则,因而导致了机械故障。 3、计算机虽然有许多优点,但它不能做创造性的工作, 更不能替代人。 4、他坚持要再造一栋房子,尽管他不需要。
2 Lecture Two英汉译汉教程
Monday, July 08, 2013
English College
Monday, July 08, 2013
English College
Monday, July 08, 2013
English College
What is translation?
Part 1
Eg. Caesar was right. Thin people need watching.
English-Chinese Translation Lecture Two
Lecturer:Tracy (童洁萍)
Monday, July 08, 2013
English College
Chapter I General PrTranslation
Contents
Translation Criteria
Competence of the Translator
Translation Strategies
Basic Processes of Translation
Monday, July 08, 2013
English College
General principles
Monday, July 08, 2013
English College
Example explanation
≠对等翻译:translate word by word
back
3) Find yourself. Be yourself. 【Popularity】 will come—with the people who respect you for who you are.
n) 多半时间都在注意他们,但所看到的情况让我很 不喜欢。细瘦的人冲我走来时,我连脚趾都哆嗦 。虽然瘦人的性格各异,但多数让人望而生畏。
Lecture2中英文字幕
Lecture2中英文字幕Unit6 Go shoppingLecture2 Sales and promotionHello, everybody.大家好In this session we are going to focus on the main idea and structure of our text on p.78.这节课我们主要来讲解一下78页课文的大意及文章结构。
Do you know how to find out the main idea of an article?你们知道如何找出文章的大意么?Let’s watch a video clip to figure it out.让我们来看一段视频短片What have you learnt from the video clip?从这段视频中你们学到了什么?To find out the main idea, we should try to find the topic.想找出文章的大意我们应该先找到文章的主题Repeating words in the text can help us to find the topic.文章中重复出现的词有助于我们找出文章的主题Look! What are the repeating words in our text?看!这篇课文中重复出现的词是什么?As we can see technique and response are repeated many times in the text.正如我们所看到的,technique和response是课文中重复出现的词。
Response means the way to resist the techniques ,response在这篇文章中的意思是应对促销手段的方法so the main idea of the text is sales techniques and the ways to resist the techniques.所以这篇文章的大意就是促销手段和应对方法A sales technique is a selling method that is used by a sales person or sales team to make money and help sell more effectively.促销手段是销售人员或销售团队为了赚钱或卖出更多商品而采取的销售策略The way to resist the techniques means the way to fight against the sales techniques.应对方法是指应对这些促销手段的方法。
Lecture 1-2 词汇对比
do large harm to do great harm to
great population
a large population crowded traffic heavy traffic
keep one’s face save one’s face
留面子
三、 情感意义对比
教师休息室 teachers’ restroom
sea cucumber 海黄瓜
海参
不能望文生义,要勤查 字典,避免貌合神离
4. Mr. Smith is one of the most durable teachers at this university. 持久的 史密斯先生是该大学任教时间最长的教师之一. 5. He used to be very shy; but after entering college he’s started to blossom. 开花、绽放 他过去一直非常害羞,但是现在他开始活泼/开朗起来。
译文一:…… made our blood boil. 愤怒 译文二:Beijing's winning the bid for the 2008 Olympics ek 凉茶 红茶 cold tea red tea
yoghurt herbal tea black tea teachers’ lounge
3. 意见 (1) 我们应该认真倾听群众的意见。
看法
We should listen carefully to people’s opinions. (2) 两位领导人就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 见解 (fml) The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.
英汉语言对比与翻译第2讲课后思考题
3. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.
Difference 3
English : Static (静态)
英汉语言对比与翻译 Contrast and Translation between
English and Chinese
Lecture 2 英汉语系统对比与翻译
小结
1
被动与主动
2
物称与人称
3
静态与动态
翻译下面三张PPT的 句子,并结合本讲内容 找出英汉表达的不同点。 10月16日上课检查。
课后思考
Difference 1 English : Passive (被动) Chinese: Active (主动)
课后思考
1. Astonishment and even horror oppressed him.
2. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance.
1. They are paid for this. 2. The difficulties have been
overcome, and the problem solved. 3. Table tennis is played all over China. 4. Why should all these unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me?
出来。
3. The sight of the big tree 我一看到那棵大树就想 always reminds me of my 起了童年的情景。 childhood.
Lecture 2 词法翻译1
Exercises
你这是什么意思?请别误会我的意思。 What do you mean by that? Please do not misunderstand me. 她被夸得不好意思。 She felt embarrassed by so much praise. 让你久等了,不好意思。 I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 做了这种事,亏他还好意思说呢! Fancy his doing that sort of thing and then having the nerve to talk about it.
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English College
Compare the following two translation versions. 他们正在积极巩固成果。 Version A: They were actively consolidating their victorious gains. Version B: They were actively consolidating their victories. Comment: “victorious gains” sometimes refers to things grabbed from the captured.
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1. 他穿一身浅灰色底子淡蓝色条子的西装,打着一条玫瑰红的领 带。 He was dressed in a European- style suit of a pale-grey material with pale-blue stripes and a rose-red tie. 2. 一轮血红的刚升起来的太阳。 The rising sun was a blood-red disc. 改换颜色词 3. 封面和封底是重磅的米色道林纸,边上打了两个眼。(米色不译 成rice-colored) The covers were of heavyweight, buff-colored calendered paper with two holes punched in the edges. 4. 她脸色突然变成灰黄,死了似的。 (英语中一般用pale来形容。) All of a sudden, her face turned ashy pale, like a corpse. 5. 他便变了脸,铁一般的青。 His complexion changed, and he grew ghastly pale. English College 2015-2-25 19
有关演讲的翻译技巧
有关演讲的翻译技巧有关演讲的翻译技巧1、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
2、省译法:这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。
增译法的例句反之即可。
3、转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。
在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。
在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。
在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。
4、拆句法和合并法:这是两种相对应的翻译方法。
拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。
汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。
所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。
这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。
5、正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。
所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。
所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。
正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。
因此比较地道。
6. 倒置法:在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。
英汉互译Lecture 1 (2)
General principle
• Translate literally, if possible, or appeal to free translation.
• 1)For Kino and Juana, this was the meaning of morning of their lives, comparable only to the day when the baby had been born. Literal translation: 在Kino和Juana看来,这 是他们一生中最了不起的早晨,只有宝宝 出生的那一天,才可以与之媲美. Free translation: Kino和Juana认为,这一天 非常重要.
More
• 1) It was an old and ragged moon. 是一个又老 又破的月亮. • 2) Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Word-for-word translation: 他的许多思想 对当代青年特别有趣. • 3)Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begin to breathe. Word-for-word translation: 老师一直在创 造中,当泥土开始呼吸。
Difference between word-for-word translation and literal translation
• Word-for-word translation: translate word by word without making any adjustment, starchy, stiff, unintelligible (死板、生硬、 难理解) • unacceptable, unqualified translation • Literal translation: make some necessary adjustment; smooth, clear & natural. Can have almost the same feeling as the SLR. • Acceptable, good translation
英语专业翻译【课件】
英汉对比与翻译: 1.包惠南、包昂《中国文化与汉英翻译》,外文2004. 2.陈定安《英汉比较与翻译》,中国对外翻译2006. 3.陈文伯《英汉成语对比与翻译》,世界知识2005. 4.何善芬《英汉语言对比研究》,上海外教社2002. 5.金惠康《跨文化交际翻译》,中国对外翻译2005. 6.李定坤《汉英辞格对比与翻译》,华中师大1994. 7.连淑能《英汉对比研究》,高等教育1993. 8.刘宓庆《新编汉英对比与翻译》,中国对外翻译2006. 9.潘文国《汉英语对比纲要》,北京语言大学2004. 10.彭宣维《英汉语篇综合对比》,上海外教社2000. 11.王德春《汉英谚语与文化》,上海外教社2001. 12.王菊泉、郑立信主编《英汉语言文化对比研究(1995-2003)》,上海外教社2004. 13.汪福祥《英美文化与英汉翻译》,外文2006. 14.王逢鑫《英汉比较语义学》,外文2001. 15.魏志成《英汉语比较导论》,上海外教社2003. 16.萧立明《英汉比较研究与翻译》,上海外教社2002. 17.熊文华,《汉英应用对比概论》,北京语言大学,1997. 18.杨丰宁《英汉语言比较与翻译》,天津大学2006. 19.张良军、王庆华、王蕾《实用英汉语言对比教程》,黑龙江人民2006. 20.赵世开主编《汉英对比语法论集》,上海外教社1999. 21.周志培《汉英对比与翻译中的转换》,华东理工2003. 22.朱永生、郑立信、苗兴伟《英汉语篇衔接手段对比研究》,上海外教社2001.
Hale Waihona Puke Lecture 1 Introduction
1.What is translation? 2.What is the function of translation? 3.Translation standards? 4.Translation methods? 5.The purposes of translation?
lecture 2 翻译技巧
(3)The beauty of lasers is that they can do machining without ever physically touching the material. 激光的妙处在于它能进行机械加工而不必实 际接触所加工的材料。 (不宜译为“美丽”)
(4)The wireless sensor network is a useful tool for managing the automatic controls inside the greenhouse. 无线传感器网络对于温室内自动控制器的管 理十分有用。
(8)The shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is casting. 铸造是把原材料加工成成品的最简便方法。 (不译为“最短的距离”)
(9)Science has become a source of power, not merely a subject fit for fiction. 科学已成为一种力量源泉,而不只是作为幻 想的主题了。 讨论:fiction的其他可能译法。如: 科幻小说?
三、词义的选择与引申
英语词汇丰富,一词多用、一词多义现象非 常普遍,而且有些词在汉语中没有对应的表 达,所以在具体的上下文中确定词义是翻译 的一个基本功,需要认真对待。
1. 词义的选择
词义的选择可从词性、上下文、所属领域或专业 等方面考虑。
试译以下各句,注意一词多义现象。
(1)He was wet to the skin. 他全身湿透了。 (2)At that time he was still wet behind the ears. 那时候他仍然有些乳臭未干。 (3)If you think I am for him, you are all wet. 如果你认为我支持他,那你就大错特错了。
lecture 2
2)汉语亲属称谓语的英译法 ) 充分性” 可接受性” ※ “充分性”与“可接受性”: 充分性 “充分性”就是遵守原文及源语文化的规范, “可接受性” 充分性”就是遵守原文及源语文化的规范, 可接受性” 则是遵守原文乃至于源语言和文化的规范 。在汉文化里人们 习惯于用“排行称谓“,如”大哥“、”二哥“,”大嫂 习惯于用“排行称谓“ 大哥“ 二哥“ “、”二嫂“等,在西方文化中,人们则习惯于使用”姓名 二嫂“ 在西方文化中,人们则习惯于使用” 称谓“ 在翻译亲属称谓语时, 称谓“,在翻译亲属称谓语时,为了让英语读者理解汉语中 人物之间错综复杂的关系,我们宜”目标语文化的规范“ 人物之间错综复杂的关系,我们宜”目标语文化的规范“, 即通常将汉语中的“排行称谓“译成英语的”姓名称谓“ 即通常将汉语中的“排行称谓“译成英语的”姓名称谓“以 符合英语的称谓习惯。 符合英语的称谓习惯。
Task 1:汉语亲 汉语亲பைடு நூலகம்属称谓语的特点及 其英译 Task 2:社会称 社会称 谓语系统的分类及 其英译
Lecture 2
称谓文化与汉英翻译
5
e.g. 刘太太也称赞丈夫心思敏捷,只担心方鸿渐本 刘太太也称赞丈夫心思敏捷,
领太遭, 替他捧牢饭碗。 领太遭,要大舅子替他捧牢饭碗。 钱钟书《围城》 (钱钟书《围城》) Mrs. Liu also approved of her husband’s keen reasoning, her only qualm being that Fang was inept and would need her husband to keep his job for him. (珍妮 凯利、茅国权 译) 珍妮·凯利 珍妮 凯利、 刘太太想把自己丈夫的妹妹许配给方鸿渐, 〔 注 〕 刘太太想把自己丈夫的妹妹许配给方鸿渐 , 假若此桩 婚姻成功的话, 婚姻成功的话 , 那么他们两家就能通过姻亲结成连襟亲属关 那么刘太太的丈夫就自然成了方鸿渐妻子( 系 。 那么刘太太的丈夫就自然成了方鸿渐妻子 ( 刘太太丈夫 的妹妹) 舅爷” 的妹妹 ) 的 “ 舅爷 ” 。 假若汉译英时将这么复杂的关系转过 去 , 肯 定 会 让 英 语 读 者 摸 不 着 头 脑 。 因 此 , 简 译 成 her husband,英语读者一看就知道指的是刘太太的丈夫。 ,英语读者一看就知道指的是刘太太的丈夫。
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众所周知,过度肥胖或消瘦都肯定是
不健康的。 He acts a lot older than his years. 他年纪轻轻,做事却相当老练。
The
young girl thumbed her way to the passing cars.
那个年轻的姑娘站在路边不停地向来往的
汽车摆动着竖起的拇指表示她要搭车.
2.直译加注
(literal translation + annotation)
音译加注:音译后附加解释性注释。
1.
词语翻译
比萨饼 丰田车 撒哈拉沙漠 艾滋病 爵士乐
Pizza Toyota Sahara AIDS Jazz
2.
句子翻译 He did it a Jordon. 他投篮像飞人乔丹那样棒。 I’m Peter Darwin. Everyone asks, so I may as well say at once that no, I’m not related to Charles. 我叫彼得.达尔文。谁都会对我的名字产生疑问, 我不妨当下说个明白:我与进化论创始人查尔斯 没有关系。 A dead leaf fell in Soapy’s lap. That was Jack Frost’s card. 一片枯叶飘落到苏贝的膝头。那是杰克.弗罗斯 特的名片。(杰克.弗罗斯特:英文里对“寒霜” 的拟人称号。)
释义(paraphrase)
定义:舍弃原文的具体表达形式和比喻形
象,采取解释性的办法译出原文。在翻译 一些具有鲜明民族色彩的词语(如成语、 典故、超常规搭配)时,如果直译不能使 译文读者明白其意思,而加注又使译文太 啰嗦时,可采用释义法,将原文的意思传 达出来。
例:
Bill’s
new girlfriend is certainly a knockout. 比尔新结识的女友确实是个迷人的姑娘。 Knockout: in boxing a knockout is a situation in which a boxer wins the fight by making his opponent fall to the ground and be unable to stand up before the referee has counted to ten. If you describe someone as a knockout, you think that they are extremely attractive or impressive. (informal)
Asia‘s
strength of economic management, however, has not been its perfection, but its pragmatism and flexibility. 亚洲经济管理向来不以完美见长,而是以 务实和弹性取胜。
2
增加形容词 With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主 义啊!
他没有认识奥斯本之前,已经暗暗佩服他.如今便 成了他的听差,他的狗,他的忠仆星期五*. *星期五(Friday)是《鲁滨逊漂流记》故事中 Robinson Crusoe的忠实奴仆.
练习
1.The
professor rapped on his desk and shouted: ―Gentlemen, order!‖ The entire class yelled, ―Beer!‖
当然,使联盟长期保持下去是很不容易的,有不 少的艰难曲折。但是,我高兴地说,到目前为止 确实没有出现过什么裂痕—希望能一直这样老天 保佑,无灾无难。 You can say ‗touchwood‘ in British English, or ‗knock on wood‘ in American English, to indicate that you hope to have good luck in something you are doing, usually after saying that you have been lucky with it so
(三明治人:指既要照顾孩子又要照
顾父母的人)
People
considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas Kiss. 人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过 是犹大之吻,居心险恶。
It was Friday and soon they'd go out and get drunk.
直译加注:直译原文,并附加解释性注释,
注释可长可短,既可采用文中注释,也可 采用脚注,还可二者合用。
单词,尤其是专有名词的翻译 Zero Ground 零地带 (指纽约世贸大厦2001年9月11日遭两 架被劫持的飞机撞击坍塌后所形成的瓦砾 场,源出自原子弹着陆后的爆炸点) Sesame Street 芝麻街 (指美国儿童电视连续节目,每天一小时, 主要为动画片、游戏、木偶戏等)
星期五发薪日到了,他们马上就要上街 去喝得酩酊大醉. *星期五[Friday]为英国的发薪日.
Even before they were acquainted, he had admired Osborn in secret. Now he was his valet, his dog, his man Frito school. He must break out of the pot that holds us in.
我们的儿子一定得上学,一定要出人头地.
If
anything goes wrong now, what a come-down that will be. H i s best jokes fell flat. Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed, smiling attention. He was quick to use self-deprecating humor to throw anyone off the scent. Nothing, whether a weighty matter or small detail, was overlooked.
It's
not easy to become a member of that club-they want people who have plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom, Dick, and Harry. 要参加那个俱乐部并非易事――他们只吸 收手头阔绰的人,而不是普通百姓.
英译汉的技巧
加注 释义 增词 减词 转换 切分 合并 annotation paraphrase amplification omission shift of perspective division combination
加注 annotation
由于社会文化的差异,英语中有些词义在
汉语中完全不存在,形成了词义上的空缺。 1.音译加注 (transliteration + annotation )
增词 (amplification)
英汉两种语言由于表达方式不尽相同,翻
译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适当的 增加,使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容 和风格,又能符合译入语的表达习惯。 增词的原则:增词不增义。 增词的两种情况
1
把不清楚的语义用更多的字讲清楚。 例如:presidential historian A 总统的历史学家 B 研究总统的历史学家 2调整译文结构,使更地道。 For mistakes had been made, bad ones.
5增加表示时态的词
Yesterday
evening I had seen her on her knees in front of the house. 昨天夜晚我曾看见她跪在房子面前。
She
would spend hours dressing herself in fine clothes, and brushing her black hair. Then she would stand by the mirror and admire Herself. 她总是要花好几个小时为自己盛装打扮, 梳理她乌黑的头发。之后她还常常照着镜 子自我欣赏一番。
开始是借钱,接下来就是讨饭。
He
is a complicated man –moody, kind ,with a melancholy streak. 他是一个性格复杂的人-------喜怒无常, 反复多变,有些忧郁。
She
was more royal than the royals. 他比皇家成员更有皇家气质。
释义法
释义法也可以用来翻译某些不可直译成汉
语的英语表达形式,或是处理那些虽可直 译成汉语但表达效果不是令人费解就是不 够简练的英语表达方式。
He
was smooth and agreeable.
他待人处事,八面玲珑。
What
is known is that weight extremes in either direction are d e f i n i t e l y u n h e a l t h y .
.
I
wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse
我不知道他是不是内奸。 If you describe a person or thing as a Trojan horse, you mean that they are being used to hide someone‘s true purpose or intention.