句子翻译技巧(二)英译汉
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
8. The value of loss in this equation is so small that we can overlook it. 在这个方程式中，损耗值小到可以忽略不计。
9. Ocean-going ships, equipped with radar, are safe from collision with other ships. 远洋船只要装上雷达后，就不会跟其它船只相撞。
8. There are also some reporters there; in fact, there are quite a few. 那儿有一些记者，事实上，记者还不少。
9. There are no greys in his picture of the world; everything is either diabolically black or celestially white. 在他的世界里没有灰色；每样东西不是地狱般的黑 暗，就是天堂一样的明亮。
6. If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. 如果他12点前不来，我们就不等他了。
7. The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风刮得那么大，我们简直寸步难行。
9. Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another . 每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式变为另一种形式。
10. The pyramids stand huge and silent. 金字塔巍然耸立，庄严肃穆。
10. But that the careful check were made, many errors in the blue print could not be discovered. 要不是经过仔细检查，蓝图中许多错误不可能发现。
There be 结构
❖ 带地点状语的there be结构 1、译成带主语的“有”（原句中的地点状语作主语） 2、译成无主句的“有”（“某处有……”）
3. There are not many classmates who agree with me. 同意我意见的同学不多。
4. One could not be too careful when driving a car. 驾车时越小心越好。
（或:驾车时再小心也不为过。）
5. Not until the invention of the high altitude rocket did the direct study of the upper atmosphere become possible. 直到发明高空火箭之后，直接研究上层大气才成为可能。
❖ 表语从句
一般也无须改变语序
❖ 同位语从句
1、基本保持原文语序 2、译为类似定语的结构或独成一句。 3、加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这一”、“即” 等字眼
4、改变原文的同位语结构，用无主句或其他方式译 出。
练习六
1. It has been roughly estimated that 40% of human diseases are the result of infection by bacteria. 有人粗略估计，人的40%疾病是由细菌感染造成的。
3. When imaginative scientists first suggested the possibility that one person could speak directly to another over a long distance, few people took them seriously. 当富有想象力的科学家最初提出某人可能同相隔遥远的 另一人直接通话时，极少有人认真对待他们。
6. All graduates from the Foreign Language Institute will not be competent to be interpreters. 外语学院的毕业生并非人人都将胜任口译工作。
7. The contemporary phenomenon of motorcar worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. 当代社会崇尚汽车的现象其部分原因可以解释为：一个 人有了汽车，便可以自由行动，不依赖他人。
否定含义
英语的否定大致有以下几种：
1. 完全否定 2. 部分否定 3. 双重否定 4. 否定的转移
练习四
1. He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life. 叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不再过以往那种日子就行。
2. Nothing in the world moves faster than light. 世界上没有任何东西比光传播得快。
4. I’m wondering if the heart of all new ideas lies in the borrowing, adding, combining or modifying of old ones.
我想知道：一切创新，实质上是否就是对旧事物的借鉴、 充实、组合或修改。
5. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.
2. He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at 6 years of age to work under the lash in the factories for 16 hours a day. 他吹嘘说，任何奴隶一踏上英国的土地就获得自由，而 他却出卖穷人家六岁的孩子到工厂干活，每天十六小时， 受尽鞭打和责骂
❖ 简单句：只有一个主语和一个谓语的句子称为简单句。 ❖ 复合句：复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句
构成。
句子英译汉的基本方法
2. 句式变化
① 时间顺序 ② 逻辑顺序
句子英译汉的基本方法
其他情况（描述与评论的顺序）：
❖ It is important that everyone does his duty. ❖ 每个人各司其责，这一点是很重要的。
❖ 不带地点状语的there be结构 1、把原句主语部分拆开，一部分译成主语，另一部 分译成谓语“有”的宾语 2、译成汉语无主句“有”或其他动词
❖ 其他译法
1. There are rich natural resources in China. 中国有丰富的自然资源。
练习五
2. There are three main kinds of food: carbohydrates, fats and proteins. 食物主要有三种：碳水化合物，脂肪和蛋白质。
3. Is there any flour in the kitchen? 厨房里有面粉吗？
4. But ther百度文库 had been too much publicity about his case. 但他的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。
5. There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me. 这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希 望不大。
7. There was another long pause and then he said unsteadily, “All right”. He sounded far away, as if he has partially covered the mouthpiece with his hand. 又停顿了好长一会儿，然后他颤声说道：“好吧。”他 的声音听上去很遥远，仿佛他用手半捂着电话的话筒似 的。
3. The time was when we were happy and gay. 那时候我们无忧无虑。
4. She came on Monday, when I was busy doing an experiment. 她星期一来的，那天我正忙着做实验。
5. He had hardly gone to bed when the door bell rang. 他刚刚睡下，门铃就响了。
10. There are some old people dancing in the hall. （有）一些老人在大厅里跳舞。
名词性从句
❖ 主语从句 1、由关系代词引导的主语从句，一般可按原文语序 翻译 2、由it作形式主语的主语从句，翻译时位置可前可 后
❖ 宾语从句 翻译时一般不需要改变其位置。（it作形式宾语或 介词宾语时，适当调整语序）
理的。
句子英译汉的基本方法
3. 句式变化
① 被动态→主动态 (主动态→被动态) ② 正面表达→反面表达 (反面表达→正面表达)
1. Many teenagers don’t know what education means to them. 很多青少年不知道教育的意义。
2. A force is needed to move an object against mertia. 需要一个力来使物体克服惯性而运动。
句子翻译技巧
二、英译汉
1. 句子英译汉的基本方法 2. 被动语态 3. 否定意义 4. There be 结构 5. 名词性从句 6. 定语从句 7. 状语从句 8. 长句
句子英译汉的基本方法
1. 句式变化 2. 句序变化 3. 句子表达
句子英译汉的基本方法
1. 句式变化
① 复合句→简单句 ② 简单句→复合句 ③ 复合句→不同类型的复合句
8. We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that followed one another for three years after we left China in 1959. 我们于1959年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭到自 然灾害。当我们读到这方面的消息时，心里颇为不安。
❖ It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want a wife.
❖ 凡有产业的单身汉，总要娶位太太，这已经是一 条举世公认的真理。
❖ The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical. ❖ 以为生命半途夭折就不圆满，这种看法是没有道
6. There is another problem in referring to the USA, since some Latin American countries are also “United States.”. USA这个称呼还有另外一个问题，因为某些拉丁美洲国 家也是United States（“合众国”） 。
9. Ocean-going ships, equipped with radar, are safe from collision with other ships. 远洋船只要装上雷达后，就不会跟其它船只相撞。
8. There are also some reporters there; in fact, there are quite a few. 那儿有一些记者，事实上，记者还不少。
9. There are no greys in his picture of the world; everything is either diabolically black or celestially white. 在他的世界里没有灰色；每样东西不是地狱般的黑 暗，就是天堂一样的明亮。
6. If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. 如果他12点前不来，我们就不等他了。
7. The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风刮得那么大，我们简直寸步难行。
9. Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another . 每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式变为另一种形式。
10. The pyramids stand huge and silent. 金字塔巍然耸立，庄严肃穆。
10. But that the careful check were made, many errors in the blue print could not be discovered. 要不是经过仔细检查，蓝图中许多错误不可能发现。
There be 结构
❖ 带地点状语的there be结构 1、译成带主语的“有”（原句中的地点状语作主语） 2、译成无主句的“有”（“某处有……”）
3. There are not many classmates who agree with me. 同意我意见的同学不多。
4. One could not be too careful when driving a car. 驾车时越小心越好。
（或:驾车时再小心也不为过。）
5. Not until the invention of the high altitude rocket did the direct study of the upper atmosphere become possible. 直到发明高空火箭之后，直接研究上层大气才成为可能。
❖ 表语从句
一般也无须改变语序
❖ 同位语从句
1、基本保持原文语序 2、译为类似定语的结构或独成一句。 3、加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这一”、“即” 等字眼
4、改变原文的同位语结构，用无主句或其他方式译 出。
练习六
1. It has been roughly estimated that 40% of human diseases are the result of infection by bacteria. 有人粗略估计，人的40%疾病是由细菌感染造成的。
3. When imaginative scientists first suggested the possibility that one person could speak directly to another over a long distance, few people took them seriously. 当富有想象力的科学家最初提出某人可能同相隔遥远的 另一人直接通话时，极少有人认真对待他们。
6. All graduates from the Foreign Language Institute will not be competent to be interpreters. 外语学院的毕业生并非人人都将胜任口译工作。
7. The contemporary phenomenon of motorcar worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. 当代社会崇尚汽车的现象其部分原因可以解释为：一个 人有了汽车，便可以自由行动，不依赖他人。
否定含义
英语的否定大致有以下几种：
1. 完全否定 2. 部分否定 3. 双重否定 4. 否定的转移
练习四
1. He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life. 叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不再过以往那种日子就行。
2. Nothing in the world moves faster than light. 世界上没有任何东西比光传播得快。
4. I’m wondering if the heart of all new ideas lies in the borrowing, adding, combining or modifying of old ones.
我想知道：一切创新，实质上是否就是对旧事物的借鉴、 充实、组合或修改。
5. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.
2. He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at 6 years of age to work under the lash in the factories for 16 hours a day. 他吹嘘说，任何奴隶一踏上英国的土地就获得自由，而 他却出卖穷人家六岁的孩子到工厂干活，每天十六小时， 受尽鞭打和责骂
❖ 简单句：只有一个主语和一个谓语的句子称为简单句。 ❖ 复合句：复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句
构成。
句子英译汉的基本方法
2. 句式变化
① 时间顺序 ② 逻辑顺序
句子英译汉的基本方法
其他情况（描述与评论的顺序）：
❖ It is important that everyone does his duty. ❖ 每个人各司其责，这一点是很重要的。
❖ 不带地点状语的there be结构 1、把原句主语部分拆开，一部分译成主语，另一部 分译成谓语“有”的宾语 2、译成汉语无主句“有”或其他动词
❖ 其他译法
1. There are rich natural resources in China. 中国有丰富的自然资源。
练习五
2. There are three main kinds of food: carbohydrates, fats and proteins. 食物主要有三种：碳水化合物，脂肪和蛋白质。
3. Is there any flour in the kitchen? 厨房里有面粉吗？
4. But ther百度文库 had been too much publicity about his case. 但他的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。
5. There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me. 这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希 望不大。
7. There was another long pause and then he said unsteadily, “All right”. He sounded far away, as if he has partially covered the mouthpiece with his hand. 又停顿了好长一会儿，然后他颤声说道：“好吧。”他 的声音听上去很遥远，仿佛他用手半捂着电话的话筒似 的。
3. The time was when we were happy and gay. 那时候我们无忧无虑。
4. She came on Monday, when I was busy doing an experiment. 她星期一来的，那天我正忙着做实验。
5. He had hardly gone to bed when the door bell rang. 他刚刚睡下，门铃就响了。
10. There are some old people dancing in the hall. （有）一些老人在大厅里跳舞。
名词性从句
❖ 主语从句 1、由关系代词引导的主语从句，一般可按原文语序 翻译 2、由it作形式主语的主语从句，翻译时位置可前可 后
❖ 宾语从句 翻译时一般不需要改变其位置。（it作形式宾语或 介词宾语时，适当调整语序）
理的。
句子英译汉的基本方法
3. 句式变化
① 被动态→主动态 (主动态→被动态) ② 正面表达→反面表达 (反面表达→正面表达)
1. Many teenagers don’t know what education means to them. 很多青少年不知道教育的意义。
2. A force is needed to move an object against mertia. 需要一个力来使物体克服惯性而运动。
句子翻译技巧
二、英译汉
1. 句子英译汉的基本方法 2. 被动语态 3. 否定意义 4. There be 结构 5. 名词性从句 6. 定语从句 7. 状语从句 8. 长句
句子英译汉的基本方法
1. 句式变化 2. 句序变化 3. 句子表达
句子英译汉的基本方法
1. 句式变化
① 复合句→简单句 ② 简单句→复合句 ③ 复合句→不同类型的复合句
8. We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that followed one another for three years after we left China in 1959. 我们于1959年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭到自 然灾害。当我们读到这方面的消息时，心里颇为不安。
❖ It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want a wife.
❖ 凡有产业的单身汉，总要娶位太太，这已经是一 条举世公认的真理。
❖ The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical. ❖ 以为生命半途夭折就不圆满，这种看法是没有道
6. There is another problem in referring to the USA, since some Latin American countries are also “United States.”. USA这个称呼还有另外一个问题，因为某些拉丁美洲国 家也是United States（“合众国”） 。