专八人文知识(练习题+答案详解)

专八人文知识（练习题+答案详解）
专八人文知识练习（1）
1. Morphology is a study of ___1___
A. the internal structure of words and the rules that govern their formation
B. the uses of different types of utterances in different contexts
C. the differences between sounds used in human languages and sounds in nature
D. the rules that pertain to all languages throughout the world
2.Which of the following does NOT belong to “open class words”?___2___
A. Nouns
B. Adjectives
C. Conjunctions
D. Adverbs
3. What is the minimal unit of meaning?___3___
A. Phoneme
B. Morpheme
C. Allophone
D. Allomorph
4. Which of the following is NOT a free morpheme?___4___
A. bed
B. tress
C. dance
D. children
5. Which of the following is NOT a compound word?___5___
A. Rainbow
B. Inaction
C. Icy-cold
D. Unpleasant
6. ___6___ are bound morphemes because they can not be used as separate words.
A. Roots
B. Stems
C. Affixes
D. Compounds
7.Syntax mainly deals with ___7___
A. how a language changes through time
B. how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.
C. how the human work when they use language
D. how a language varies through geographical space
8.Syntactic categories contain the type of ___8___
A. meaning that words express
B. affixes that the words take
C. structures in which the words can occur
D. all of the above
9.Which of the following is NOT the concern of a word category? ___9___
A. A word category can be determined by meaning, inflection and distribution
B. T o determine a word’s category by its meaning only is often not reliable.
C. A word category can be embodied directly from its meaning.
D. Distribution is more reliable than the meaning to determine a word’s category.
10. What elements does a phrase contain? ___10___
A. Head, determine and complement.
B. Head, specifier and complement.
C. Head, specifier and complementizer.
D. Head, determiner and complementizer.
参考答案：ACBDD CBDCB
专八人文知识练习（2）
1. Where is Belfast?
A. In Ireland.
B. In Wales
C. In Northern Ireland.
D. In Scotland.
2. The capital of New Zealand is_____
A. Canberra.
B. Ottawa.
C. Wellington.
D. Washington.
3. Which of the following is NOT a U.K. newspaper?
A. The Guardian.
B. Christian Science Monitor.
C. The Daily Telegraph.
D. The Times.
4. The community college is a kind of_____ college popular in_____ to satisfy the needs of both the individual and the society.
A. five-year; U.K.
B. four-year; U.K.
C. three-year; U.S.
D. two-year; U.S.
5. James Joyce was a famous____ whose masterpiece Ulysses has been highly eulogized in the Western literary world as one of the greatest works in the 20th century.
A. Essayist.
B. Novelist.
C. Poet.
D. Playwright.
6. George Gordon Byron was famous for the following works except____
A. Child Harold’s Pilgrimage.
B. Queen Mab.
C. Hours of Idleness.
D. Don Juan.
7. Which of the following is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s most noteworthy novel in the world?
A. Gone with the Wind.
B. For Whom the Bell Tolls.
C. American Tragedy.
D. The Scarlet Letter
8.The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences is______.
A. syntax
B. semantics
C. morphology
D. sociolinguistics
9.Words like “Xerox” and ”Kodak” a re formed by____
A. back-formation
B. blending
C. coinage
D. acronym
10.Which of the following is NOT an approach for English language to enrich its vocabulary in the past several centuries?
A. Borrowing
B. Upgradation
C. Narrowing
D. Widening
参考答案：CCBDB BDACB
专八人文知识练习（3）
1 _____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.
A Washington D.C.
B Los Angeles
C San Francisco
D New Y ork City
2 _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.
A Blacks
B Hispanics
C Indians
D Asian Americans
3 Washington D.C. is named after___________.
A the U.S. President George Washington
B Christopher Columbus
C both George Washington and Christopher Columbus
D none of them
4 American and British English are two_____ of the English language.
A varieties
B elements
C parts
D form
5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.
A Thomas Jefferson
B James Monroe
C James Madison
D Abraham Lincoln
6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.
A Rhode Island
B Virginia
C Texas
D Montana
7 The national flag of the United States is known as_____.
A the Star-Spangled Banner
B Uncle Sam
C Hot Dog
D Union Jack
8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.
A contribution a state has made to the nation
B population
C size
D none of the above
9 The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.
A the Amazon River
B the Mississippi River
C the Nile River
D the Hudson River
10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.
A France
B Spain
C Italy
D Britain
答案详解：
1 D,纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。

2 A,黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。

3 C,首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治•华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥伦比亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂•哥伦布。

4 A,美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。

5 D,美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕•林肯。

6 A,美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。

7 A,美国的国旗是星条旗。

8 B,美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。

9 B,美国的“众河之父”指的是密西西比河。

10 A,美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。

专八人文知识练习（4）
1. _____is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes, it is a long poem of over 3000 lines and the national epic of the English people.
A Beowulf
B sir Gawain
C the Canterbury tale
D king Arthur and his knights
2. The father of English poetry, the author of Troilus and Criseyde is also the one of ____.
A Romeo and Juliet
B the faerie queen
C Tamburlainc
D the Canterbury tales
3. The group of Shakespeare plays known as "romance"or "reconciliation plays" is ______.
A merchant of V enice, as you like it
B the tempest, pericles, the winter's tale
C Romeo and Juliet, antonym and Cleopatra
D.the tempest, pericles, the winter's tale,Cymbeline
4. Which of the following are regarded as Shakespeare's four great tragedies?
A Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, King Lear
B Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, Macbeth
C hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth
D Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, Timon of Athens
5. Which of the following is not the work of Francis bacon?
A advancement of learning
B new instrument
C songs of innocence
D essays
6. At the beginning of 17th century appeared a school of poets called metaphysics by Samuel Johnson, ____is the founder of metaphysical poetry.
A Ben Johnson
B john Milton
C john Bunyan
D john Donne
7. Daniel Defoe is a famous____.
A poet
B novelist
C playwright
D essayist
8. "He has a servant called Friday." "he"in the quoted sentence is a character in______.
A Henry fielding's tom jones
B john Bunyan' the pilgrim's progress
C Richard brinsley Sheridan's the school for scandal
D Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe
9. Guiiliver' travel was written by____.
A Daniel Defoe
B Charles dickens
C Jonathan swift
D Joseph Addison
10. William Wordsworth is generally known as a ____poet.
A romantic
B realistic
C naturalistic
D neo-classic
答案详解:
1. A. Beowulf是Anglo-Saxon时代留下的重要的古英语文学作品,它被认为是英国的民族史诗.sir Gawain and the green knight, king Arthur and his knights of the round table是中古英语时期的浪漫传奇.the Canterbury tale是英国大诗人乔叟的一部诗体短篇小说集.
2. D. 乔叟被誉为英国诗歌之父, Troilus and Criseyde是他的重要作品之一.
3. D. 1608-1612被认为是莎翁的浪漫剧创作时期, 包括四部浪漫剧和解剧the tempest, pericles, the winter's tale, Cymbeline. merchant of V enice, as you like it, twelfth night, the merry wives of Windsor为莎翁的喜剧,Romeo and Juliet, antonym and Cleopatra为悲剧.
4. C. 莎翁最杰出的四大悲剧为hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth.
5. C. songs of innocence是英国18世纪末19世纪初浪漫主义诗人William Blake的著作.
6. D. john Donne是17世纪玄学派诗人的重要代表人物, Ben Johnson是莎翁同时代的剧作家,
john Milton, john Bunyan虽都是17世纪著名作家, 但作品风格与玄学派大相径庭。

7. B. Daniel Defoe创作的鲁宾逊漂流记为他赢得了英国小说之父的称号.
8. D. Daniel Defoe创作的鲁宾逊漂流记中的主人公Robinson Crusoe有个同伴和仆人叫Friday.
9. C. Guiliver' travel是Jonathan swift一部极具魅力的儿童故事, 同时包含深刻的思想内容。

10. A. William Wordsworth为英国浪漫派诗
专八人文知识练习（5）
1.____is the home of golf.
A. England
B. Scotland
C. Wales
D. Ireland
2.Which of the following languages is NOT spoken in Scotland?
A English
B Scottish
C Gaelic
D Danish
3.The election of ____ made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first woman prime minister.
A 1979
B 1980
C 1982
D 1992
4.To its full sense, the British Parliament consist of ____
A the House Lord and the House of Commons
B the House and the Senate
C the Queen and the Hosue of Lords
D the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons
5.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by ____
A King Harold
B Robin Hood
C Oliver Cromwell
D William the Conqueror
6.There are ____ state churches in Britain.
A two
B three
C four
D five
7.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son____, the regime began immediately to collapse.
A Henry
B Hamilton
C Richard
D Charles
8.____ birthday is a great event in Britain since it marks the beginning of full manhood or womanhood.
A The twenty-first
B The eighteenth
C The nineteenth
D The twentieth
9.Reuters was founded in ____
A 1715
B 1751
C 1851
D 1815
10. What is （are）the nickname（s）of the U.S.A.?
A Uncle Sam
B Brother Jonathan
C Y ankee
D All of the above
答案详解：
1.B 高尔夫是一项古老的贵族的运动，源于十五世纪或更早以前的苏格兰，苏格兰地区山多，气候湿润，多雾，非常适合牧草生长，这里的工业文明以前是连绵不断的牧场。

相传当时牧羊人放牧闲暇时，用木板玩游戏，将石子击入兔子窝或洞中。

久而久之形成了使用不同的球杆并按一定的规则击球。

2.D Gaelic苏格兰盖尔语是高地苏格兰人的传统语言；更多人使用的语言是英语。

一直到15世纪末，盎格鲁人仍然以他们的语言称苏格兰盖尔语为「苏格兰语」（盎格鲁语：Scottish）。

3.A Margaret Thatcher 在1979年成为英国首相，为英国史上第一个女首相。

4.D 具体的说，英国的议会是有元首，上议院和下议院组成。

其中，元首没有实权，上议员由大法官（Lord
Chancellor）掌权，是由神职议员（the Lord Spiritual）和世俗议员（the Lord Temporal），下议院的成员是通过选举产生的651名议员，以首相为首。

5.D 伦敦塔名为“塔”，实际上是公元11世纪处于罗马统治时期的一座城堡式建筑。

6.A英国有两大国教：在英格兰是英格兰教（Church of England）或者英国圣公会，在苏格莎白的头衔全称为“托上帝宏恩，大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合国和她的其他领土和领地的女王、英联邦元首、基督教的保护者伊丽莎白二世”。

可见，英/女王是基督教的保护者。

7.C Oliver Cromwell的儿子在父亲过世后继承王权，但是不久后掌控的政体瓦解。

1660年，议会扶植流浪法国的前国王儿子Charle二世当国王。

8.A在英国，21岁生日是个大生日，因为他们认为21岁是大人开始的年龄。

9.C 路透社是世界四大通讯社之一，也是英国创办最早的通讯社。

1850年由保罗·朱利叶斯·路透（paul julius reuter）在德国亚琛创办，1851年迁址到伦敦。

创办人路透原为德国人，后加入英国籍。

1865年，路透把他的私人通讯社扩展成为一家大公司。

10.D “山姆大叔”（Uncle Sam），“乔纳森大哥”和“扬基老”都是美国和美国人的绰号。

专八人文知识练习（6）
1. "The Graveyard Poets" got the name because ___.
A they chose to live near graveyards
B they often wrote about death and melancholy
C they always wrote about dead people
D they often use "graveyard" as the title
2. It is generally understood that the recurrent theme in many of Thomas Hardy’s novel is ___.
A man against nature
B love and marriage
C social criticism
D fate and destiny
3. The Romantic Period in English literature began with the publication of ___.
A William Blake's Songs of Innocence
B Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice
C Wordsworth’s and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads
D a piece of land
4. It is generally regarded that Keats’ most important and mature poems are in the form of ___.
A ode
B elegy
C epic
D sonnet
5. G.B. Shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s Profession is a realistic exposure of the ___ in the English society.
A slum landlordism
B inequality between men and women
C political corruption
D economic exploitation of women
6. The Preface to Shakespeare and Lives of the Poets are the works of critic ___.
A. G.
B. Shaw B Samuel Johnson C Ben Johnson D E.M. Foster
7. The Ring and the Book is a masterpiece of ___.
A Alfred Tennyson
B Robert Browning
C Thomas Hardy
D Ralph Waldo Emerson
8. Matthew Arnold is the writer of ___.
A Dover Beach
B My last Duchess
C Break, Break, Break
D The Eagle
9. The writer of Heart of Darkness is also the one of ___.
A Time of Machine
B Jim
C Lord Jim
D A Passage to India
10. Of Human Bondage is a novel by ___.
A Herbert George Wells
B Arnold Bennett
C William Somerset Maugham
D John Galsworthy
答案详解：
1. 选B。

“墓畔派”是指18世纪那些描写死亡的哀挽的诗人。

代表作有托马斯.格雷《墓园挽歌》(Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard)，托马斯.巴奈尔的《死亡之夜》(Night Piece on Death)，爱德华. 扬《夜思》(Night Thoughts)和罗伯特.布莱尔的《坟墓》(The Grave)。

2. 选D。

在哈代(Thomas Hardy)的作品中，他那悲剧色彩的哲学观告诉我们，人生的一切都是命运安排，是不可抗拒的。

人在命运的面前束手无策，无论人们怎样努力，都很难逃脱命运的折磨和戏弄。

3. 选C。

威廉.华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)，于1798同柯勒律治(Samuel Tayor Coleridge)合作出版了著名的《抒情歌谣集》(Lyrical Ballads)，该诗第二版的“序”被认为是英国浪漫主义的宣言。

4. 选A。

济慈的代表作品有《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)，《希腊古瓮颂》(Ode on a Grecian Urn)，《忧郁颂》(Ode on Melancholy)，《秋颂》(To Autumn)等。

“颂”被认为是济慈最具有代表性和最为成功的诗歌形式。

5. 选D。

萧伯纳的剧作《华伦夫人的职业》(Mrs. Warren’s Profession)塑造了一个在经济重压下普通妇女的形象，该剧揭露了一个令人愤怒的事实：在资本主义社会，娼妓业也成了一种剥削方式。

6. 选B。

塞缪尔.约翰逊18世纪英国人文主义文学批评的巨匠，《莎士比亚戏剧集序言》(The Preface to Shakespeare)，和《诗人传》(Lives of the Poets)是他对文学批评做出的饿突出贡献。

7. 选B。

《指环与书》(The Ring and the Book)是罗伯特.勃郎宁(Robert Browning)的诗作。

8. 选A。

《多佛海滩》(Dover Beach)是阿诺德(Matthew Arnold)诗歌中的名篇之一，反映了19世纪西方社会中的宗教信仰在新知识的冲击下普遍沦丧的时代风貌。

9. 选C。

《黑暗的心》(Heart of Darkness)和《吉姆老爷》(Lord Jim)都是约瑟夫.康德拉的小说，《吉姆》(Jim)是同时期另一位作家迪亚德.吉卜林的作品。

10.选C。

威廉.萨默塞特.毛姆(William Somerset Maugham)的创作深受法国自然主义的影响，他的长篇小说《人性的枷锁》(Of Human Bondage)展现了主人公摆脱精神枷锁的过程。

专八人文知识冲刺(1)
1. St. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by both ____
A America and Mexico
B America and Canada
C America and Cuba
D America and Brazil
2. European settlement of Australia began in the late part of ____ when a British penal colony was established on the east coast of the continent.
A the 16th century
B the 17th century
C the 18th century
D the 19th century
3. Which sport is supposed to be America’s national sport and used to be call “American’s favorab le pastime”?
A baseball
B basketball
C rugby
D cricket
4. The largest city in New Zealand is ____
A Auckland
B Wellington
C Christchurch
D Dunedin
5. After Adam Bede,____wrote The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner in which moral problems a re discussed and psychological analysis of characters are emphasized.
A George Eliot
B Jane Austin
C George Dickens
D Charlotte Bronte
6. All of the following odes are written by John Keats EXCEPT____
A Ode to Autumn
B Ode to a Nightingale
C Ode to a Skylark
D Ode on Melancholy
7. Of ____’s four famous comedies, the best known is Lady Windermere’s Fan.
A Oscar Wilde
B Richard Sheridan
C Bernard Shaw
D Somerset Maugham
8. If the air stream meets with no obstruction when a sound is pronounced, it is a(n) ____
A voiced consonant
B voiceless consonant
C vowel
D explosive
9. The internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription is ____
A I.P.A
B I.A.P.S
C I.S.S
D S.S.I.P
10. With the ____, Latin words were added into the vocabulary of the language spoken in Britain.
A invasion of the Romans
B Christianization of Britain
C Scandinavian invasion
D Norman Conquest
答案BCAAA CACAB
专八人文知识冲刺(2)
每天第一个迎接新一天的国家是哪个呢？
新西兰，由于新西兰整个国家非常狭窄，所以新西兰的任何地方距离海洋都不超过110公里，全国只有一个时区。

新西兰正好位于国际日期变更线以西的第一个时区，所以它是第一个迎接新一天的国家。

1. It was during ____ reign that the name Great Britain came into being.
A Mary’s
B Anne’s
C Jame II’s
D Oliver Cromwell
2. Where is Edinburgh?
A In Wales
B In Scotland
C In Northern Ireland
D In Ireland
3. One of the most famous national parks in the U.S. is the ____
A Y ellowstone National Park
B Hyde Park
C Kakadu National Park
D American Fishing Center
4. New Zealand is just west of the International Date Line, so it is the first country to get ____
A frozen
B wet
C the new day
D united
5. Mr. Darcy is a character in ____
A Tess of the D’Urbervilles
B Pride and Prejudice
C Happy Prince
D The Mill on the Floss
6. Lyrical Ballads is the joint work between Wordsworth and his friend____
A Coleridge
B Bryon
C Keats
D Shelly
7.____is the representative work of the Jazz Age
A The Great Gatsby
B On the Road
C Look Back in Anger
D The Sun Also Rises
8. The distinction of langue and parole is made by ____
A Hall
B Sapir
C Chomsky
D Saussure
9. ____examines how meaning is encoded in a language.
A Semantics
B Syntax
C Pragmatics
D Morphology
10.The sentence “I apologize!” belongs to the category of ____according to the speech act theory.
A. expressive B performative C representative D constative
答案BBACB AADAB
Constative 为叙述句performative 为施为句
专八人文知识冲刺(3)
美国人口构成
1. The population of the United States is a bit more than 272 million, about 13% of which are Blac k, 12 % are Hispanic(讲西班牙语的人)，4% are Asian and the rest are White Americans.
2. It is the third most populous country in the world after China and India.
3. The most populous states are California, Texas, New Y ork, Florida and Illinois.
4. More than 80% of Americans live in urban areas.
巩固：按照人口数量排列，美国在世界排在第几位；按照面积排，美国又是排第几位呢？
1. Christmas is usually connected to ____
A the reunion of a large family
B the eating of Easter eggs
C the resurrection of Christ
D the forgiving of other’s sins
2. The largest of the ethnic minorities in America is ____
A the blacks
B the Mexico-Americans
C the Spanish-Americans
D the Chinese
3. The British establish ____colonies along the east coast of North American between 16.7 and 17
33.
A 11
B 12
C 13
D 14
4. The largest university in Canada is ____
A Laval University
B The University of Toronto
C McGill University
D Simon Fraser University
5. Robinson Crusoe is written by ____
A Henry Fielding
B Daniel Defoe
C Samuel Richardson
D Jonathan Swift
6. ____is written by Walt Whitman.
A Representative Men
B English Traits
C Nature
D Leaves of Grass
7. ____is not a novelist.
A Henry James
B Emily Dickinson
C William Dean Howells
D Mark Twain
8. ____is not one of the core branches of linguistics.
A Phonology
B Psycho-linguistics
C Syntax
D Semantics
9. ____ is the common factor of the three sounds: [p], [t], [k]
A voiceless
B spread
C voiced
D nasal
10. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc, in terms of ____
A manner of articulation
B openness of mouth
C place of articulation
D voicing
答案 ACCBB DBBAA
按面积计算，美国继俄罗斯，加拿大，中国之后位居第四。

按人口计算，美国继中国，印度后，居第三。