英汉翻译教案 Unit 1 翻译标准
英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter One Introduction to Translation
[点评] ：
(1)译文1中，well-paved确是“铺设得很好的”，可是，一见到well或good
[译就译文成1“]：好铺”，设显得得很语言好贫的乏公。事路实经上过，英一语排里排的这整两洁个的词在，汉现译代时有的很房多屋译法，。 如：a这w些ell房-be屋ha坐ved落gi在rl“树举中止得。体的姑娘”
[译文]: 我们都会想念他的，但我们祝愿他退休后快乐，长寿。 4. He has enough money to burn.
[译文]: 他有花不完的钱。 5. Why did you set the wolf to keep the sheep?
[译文]: 你为什么要引狼入室？
General Introduction to Translation
expression）。
General Introduction to Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
以作者和读者为取向
Chapter One
• 这类翻译标准或原则的共同特点是：翻译既要“忠实”又要 “通顺”，即译文必须既要考虑到原作者又要考虑到译文的 读者。
• 所谓忠实，首先指忠实于原作的内容。译者必须把原作的内 容完整而准确地表达出来，不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏阉 割或任意增删的现象。其次还应保持原作的风格——即原作 的民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。 译者对原作的风格不能任意破坏和改变，不能以译者的风格 代替原作的风格。
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
以作者和读者为取向
Chapter One
十八世纪末的英国学者亚历山大·泰特勒（Alexander Fraser Tytler,1747-1814）在《论翻译的原则》（Essay on the Principles of Translation）一书中提出了著名的翻译三 原则：
《英汉互译》教案与讲义
《英汉互译》教案与讲义第一章：英汉互译概述1.1 英汉互译的重要性1.2 英汉互译的基本原则1.3 英汉互译的难点与挑战1.4 英汉互译的技巧与策略第二章：词汇与短语的互译2.1 词汇的直译与意译2.2 词汇的借用与创新2.3 短语的固定搭配与转换2.4 专有名词与地名的一般译法第三章：句子的互译3.1 句型的转换3.2 语序的调整3.3 被动语态与主动语态的互译3.4 从句与并列句的互译第四章：时态与语态的互译4.1 一般现在时与一般过去时的互译4.2 进行时与完成时的互译4.3 主动语态与被动语态的互译4.4 虚拟语气与实际语气的互译第五章：文化与语境的理解5.1 文化背景知识的重要性5.2 语境的理解与运用5.3 语言习惯与表达方式的差异5.4 跨文化交流的技巧与策略第六章：翻译标准与原则6.1 翻译标准的历史演变6.2 忠实原则与达意原则6.3 等效翻译与功能翻译6.4 翻译中的创译与意译第七章：翻译技巧与策略（上）7.1 词义选择与词性转换7.2 修辞格的翻译7.3 成语与谚语的翻译7.4 诗歌与文学作品的语言特点与翻译第八章：翻译技巧与策略（下）8.1 幽默与讽刺的翻译8.2 商务与法律文本的翻译8.3 科技与医学文本的翻译8.4 翻译中的校对与润色第九章：实践案例分析9.1 英汉互译案例分析9.2 翻译错误分析与避免9.3 翻译实践与反馈9.4 翻译作品的评价与赏析第十章：翻译软件与辅助工具10.1 翻译软件的种类与功能10.2 翻译辅助工具的使用10.3 语料库与在线翻译资源10.4 在翻译领域的应用与展望重点和难点解析一、英汉互译概述难点解析：理解英汉两种语言的结构差异，如语序、句型、时态和语态的使用，以及文化背景和语境的理解。
二、词汇与短语的互译难点解析：不同语言中词汇的内涵和外延可能存在差异，需要根据语境进行适当的调整。
三、句子的互译难点解析：不同语言的句子结构差异，如主被动语态的转换，以及保持原意的调整语序。
新标准大学英语1课后翻译
新标准大学英语1课后翻译Unit 1 Friendship。
Part I。
1. 我有一个好朋友，她叫玛丽。
她是一个非常聪明和有趣的女孩。
I have a good friend, her name is Mary. She is a very smart and interesting girl.2. 我们经常一起上学，一起吃午饭，一起做作业。
We often go to school together, have lunch together, and do homework together.3. 玛丽是一个很好的倾听者，她总是在我需要的时候给我建议。
Mary is a good listener, she always gives me advice when I need it.4. 我们经常分享彼此的快乐和痛苦，这让我们的友谊更加牢固。
We often share our joys and sorrows, which makes our friendship stronger.5. 有时候我们也会有争吵，但是我们总是很快就和好了。
Sometimes we argue, but we always make up quickly.Part II。
1. 我们的友谊是建立在信任和理解的基础上的。
Our friendship is based on trust and understanding.2. 无论发生什么事情，我们都会互相支持和鼓励。
No matter what happens, we always support and encourage each other.3. 我相信这样的友谊会一直持续下去。
I believe that this kind of friendship will last forever.4. 我们经常一起度过美好的时光，这让我们的大学生活变得更加丰富多彩。
英语翻译教程教案Unit1
Unit 1Exercises1.中国人有在正月十五晚上吃元宵、赏花灯的习俗。
【原译】Chinese have the custom that they eat sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and appreciate festive lanterns at the night of January 15.【改译】The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao (sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour) and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.其他译文：In China, it’s the custom (for people) to eat…There is a Chinese tradition of eating…According to custom, people in China eat…2.他的不合作态度使这个项目进展十分缓慢。
【原译】The project makes less progress because of his incooperation.【改译】The project is making very slow progress due to his lack of cooperation,The project is proceeding rather slowly because of his uncooperativeness.His uncooperative attitude accounted for the slow progress of the project.His uncooperative attitude resulted in the project’s slow progress.3.你们谁想参加春游就在星期五之前报名并交费。
Unit 1 翻译标准
We are all only passing visitors in this world. All of us share this world for but a brief moment
2019/11/30
宋天锡汉英翻译1
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新学期，新课程 ——说“难”道“易”话“两译”
• 新课程：从英汉翻译到汉英翻译 • 英汉翻译VS 汉英翻译（E to C VS C to E）
• 翻译的两道功夫—— 理解， 表达 • E to C 理解相对较难，表达用母语，相对较易 • C to E 理解相对较易，表达用英语，相对较难 • 然而，毕竟是相对而已！ • The process of translating is almost
从英汉翻译到汉英翻译??英汉翻译vs汉英翻译etocvsctoe??翻译的两道功夫理解表达??cetoc理解相对较难表表达用母语相对较易2017735宋天锡汉英翻译1??ecetocc理解相对较难表表达用母语相对较易??ectoe理解相对较易表达用英语相对较难??然而毕竟是相对而已
宋天锡编著 《翻译新概念:英汉互译实用教程》 第二部分：汉英翻译
but without any result. People wanted him to
help, however, he refused them.
b.
Many warm-hearted neighbors came,
but they could do nothing for her. So they
unit 1英汉翻译
“红楼宴”是北京大观园酒店根据中国古典名 著《红楼梦》中关于王府宴饮生活描写推出的 颇具清风格调的高雅特色宴席 The Wang Family the noble families 金陵十二钗 the twelve hairpins of Jinling the twelve ladies of Jinling
衔接手段的功能
In the last twenty years or so, some underdeveloped countries have increased their food production. Their populations, however, have at the same time grown faster, and so their standard of living hasn’t improved. What’s more, their increase in food production has been achieved at the expense of using up marginal lands. As a result, there has been no gain in the productivity of land labour.
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Prerequisites for a Translator (翻译对 译者素养的要求)
I. the Translator’s Bilingual Competence II. The broadening of the range and scope of our general knowledge
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common people are forbidden even to light lamps. If things are not properly handled, our work will have been in vain. Development means change; without change, there can be no development.
《 英汉互译(一)》第1课教案
广西师范学院《英汉互译（一）》课程教案编号: 15-1 开课单位：外语系授课教研室：翻译写作课程名称：《英汉互译（一）》授课教师：唐旭光教材：《新编英汉互译教程》，授课对象：06级英语专业2、3、5班《英汉互译（一）》第一讲翻译简论与主要翻译方法（A Brief Discussion of Translation and Major Translation Approaches）1. IntroductionTranslation studies started along with translation practice. Translation theories developed flourishingly in the 20th century, especially in the second half of the last century.In fact, translation, which is a very complex phenomenon, is related to different disciplines, such as linguistics, psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, communication theory, literary criticism, aesthetics, and semiotics. As translation study is a cross-discipline and cross-culture subject involving many aspects of human knowledge, the lack of a fully acceptable theory of translation should not come as a surprise. Meanwhile, quite a number of translation approaches and strategies have become universally acceptable and widely applicable. They are, of course, the fruits of many translation theorists and translation practitioners at home and abroad.2.The Origin of TranslationLanguage makes it possible for people to communicate with one another freely so as to complete important tasks in human life. Translation makes it possible for people from different languages to communicate with one another so as to complete important tasks in their life.Theodore Savory points out, “Translation is almost as old as original authorship and has a history as honorable and as complex as that of any other branch of literature”(申雨平, 2002:4).In Zhou Dynasty there were different forms of address for translators in different places. “Translators are called Ji in the east, Xiang in the south, Didi in the west, andYi in the north(东方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮，北方曰译)”（陈福康, 2000:3）.3. Function of TranslationIt has helped people to better communicate with one another, and in the mean time it has facilitated the development of culture and civilization of all nations, such as the Sutra translation （佛经翻译）in China and the Bible translation in Western countries.Actually, translation, as a means to bridge different cultures, has been playing a very important role in promoting global economic and cultural development, and China in particular benefits a great deal from translation, which is obvious to all.4. Nature of translationOne school of theorists maintain that any interpretation is translation. Translation thus defined includes intra-lingual rewording（语言内的重新措辞）, inter-lingual （语言之间的翻译或语际翻译）translation and inter-semiotic transmutation（符号转换）.But most scholars who are interested in translation maintain that translation is a communicative activity which entails a most adequate or identical reproduction in a target language of a written message or text in a source language.5. Definition of translation in our textbook as follows: Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text. In terms of its nature or character, translation is both an art and a science as well, since it calls for a good command of at least two languages, a flexible application of their rules, and some knowledge of at least two cultures, as well as a good grasp of the necessary translation theories.6. Other scholars’ viewpoints about the translation1). The traditional viewpoint about the nature of translation is that translation is an art only. This viewpoint is still maintained by Xu Yuanchong（许渊冲）, a well-known professor at Beijing University, and a few other scholars.2). Professor Liu Zhongde vigorously advocates that translation is a science as well as an art mainly because of the following reasons:Firstly, like any other art and science, translation requires a good grasp and a flexible use of the necessary specialized knowledge and skills.Secondly, like any other art and science, translation calls for independent, honest and creative effort.Thirdly, just like any other art and science, translation demands that the translator be very careful about and highly responsible for his or her work.7. Principle for translationThe 13 statements on page 81). A translation must reproduce the words of the SLT(Source Language Text).2). A translation must reproduce the ideas (meaning) of the SLT.3). A translation should read like an original work.4). A translation should read like a translation.5). A translation should reflect the style of the original.6). A translation should possess the style of the translator.7). A translation should retain the historical stylistic dimension of the SLT.8). A translation should read as a contemporary piece of literature.9). A translation may add to or omit from the original.10). A translation may never add to or omit from the original.11). A translation should let the readers of the SLT and the target language text (TLT) have essentially the same response.12). A translation should convey what the SLT author intends to convey.13). A translation should satisfy the need of the client.Evidently, though each of the above statements is right in a certain sense, yet it is not adequate or comprehensive enough to serve as a translation principle. Some of the principles proposed by various translation theorists can find their expression in the statements given above. Interlinear translation is an illustration of the first statement. Yan Fu’s three-character principle can be a combination of statements 2, 3 and 6. Nida’s functional equivalence is best express ed in statement 11.8. Yan Fu’s Considerations for translation?Strictly speaking, a translation theory in its true sense in China originated from Yan Fu(严复). He proposed the famous triple principle for translation, namely, faithfulness(信), expressiveness(达) and elegance(雅).1). His faithfulness means that the translated text should be faithful to the original text, ie, the version should keep the content or ideas of the original.2). His expressiveness means that the translated text should be expressive and coherent without anything awkward. In other words, his expressiveness requires that the version should be fluid, smooth, and easy to read and understand.3). His elegance demands that the translated text should be exquisite and that its style ought to be very graceful.9. Professor Liu Zhongde argues against “elegance” as a principle for translation of the original styleHe argued eloquently against “elegance” as a principle for translation of the original style. We all know that not all works are characterized by the elegant style. Different writers display different styles. For instance, Lenin wrote in a bold style, and Hemingway wrote in a simple, symbolic style. Even the same writer shows different styles on different occasions for different purposes. Naturally, different works demonstrate different styles. Thus, it is impossible & absolutely wrong to achieve the effect of elegance in the translated text if the style of the original is not elegant.10. The compiler of the textbook in favor of “closeness”1). We are in favor of Professor Liu’s triple translation principle. He changed Yan Fu’s “elegance” into “closeness”, which represents his contribution to the translation theory. His “closeness” is central in meaning. It is suitable for translation of all types of texts with different styles.2). If the original text is characterized by the elegant style, the translator should do his utmost to render it into a graceful text in the target language whose style is close to the original elegant style.If the original style is highly technical with a wealth of technical terms, thetranslator ought to employ plenty of corresponding technical terms in the target language and make the translated style as close to the original technical style as possible.3). If the original style is colloquial with a lot of informal words and colloquial sentences, the translator should translate it into a text with an informal style as close as possible to the original one by using many colloquial words and informal sentences.If the original style is ornate, the translator should follow suit and make effort to render the translated style as close to the original as possible.If the original text contains some vulgar words and sentences, the translator is not entitled to replace them with elegant words or sentences, and he should reproduce the original by using some corresponding vulgar words and sentences in the receptor language. Translators are duty-bound to do so, for the simple reason that they are translators.4). As we know, Yan Fu’s triple translation principle is highly concise and well rhymed and quite easy to learn by heart, which is one of the reasons why it is still very popular in China today.Professor Liu’s triple principle is similar to Yan Fu’s in that it is equally concise and easy to remember.Though Professor Liu’s triple principle is n ot rhymed, yet it is very forceful and impressive, for the Chinese character “切” is uttered in the falling tone, carrying the implication that faithfully conveying the original style or rendering the translated style as close to the original as possible is absolutely necessary and worth the translator’s great effort.11. Nida’s principle for translationEugene A. Nida and Taber stated emphatically (1969:12): “Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”.His dynamic equivalence is defined as a translation principle, according to which the translator seeks to translate the meaning of the original in such a way that the target language text wording will produce the same impact on the target text audience as the original wording does upon the source text audience. Later on, Nida changed “dynamic equivalence” into “functional equivalence”, because it seemed much more satisfactory to use the expression “functional equivalence” in describing the degree of adequacy of a translation.12. The literal translation approachProfessor Liu Zhongde (1994: 172) defines literal translation as follows: “In the process of translation, literal translation treats sentences as basic units and at the same time takes the whole passage into consideration; a translator who attaches great importance to literal translation does his or her best to reproduce the ideas and writing style of the original work, retaining in the version as many rhetorical devices and sentence structures of the original as possible.”ExamplesHe is said to be a rough diamond.人们说他是一块浑金璞玉。
《英汉互译》教案与讲义
《英汉互译》教案与讲义一、教学目标1. 让学生掌握英汉互译的基本原则和技巧。
2. 提高学生对英汉两种语言的对比分析能力。
3. 培养学生的跨文化交际意识，增强英汉互译的实际应用能力。
二、教学内容1. 英汉互译的基本原则1.1 忠实于原文1.2 保持原文的风格和语气1.3 符合目标语言的表达习惯2. 英汉互译的技巧2.1 词汇翻译2.2 语法翻译2.3 结构翻译2.4 文化背景翻译3. 英汉两种语言的对比分析3.1 词汇差异3.2 语法差异3.3 表达习惯差异三、教学过程1. 导入：通过一个简单的英汉互译实例，引发学生对英汉互译的兴趣。
2. 讲解：讲解英汉互译的基本原则和技巧，并通过实例进行分析。
3. 对比分析：分析英汉两种语言的差异，并讲解如何在翻译过程中进行调整。
4. 练习：布置适量的英汉互译练习题，让学生进行实践操作。
四、教学方法1. 讲授法：讲解英汉互译的基本原则、技巧和语言差异。
2. 案例分析法：通过实例分析，让学生理解和掌握英汉互译的方法。
3. 练习法：让学生通过实际操作，提高英汉互译的能力。
五、教学评价1. 课堂参与度：观察学生在课堂上的积极参与情况和提问回答。
2. 练习完成情况：检查学生完成的英汉互译练习质量和数量。
3. 课后反馈：收集学生的课后反馈，了解他们对英汉互译的认识和困惑。
六、教学资源1. 教材：《英汉互译教程》2. 辅助材料：英汉互译案例集、多媒体课件3. 网络资源：相关英汉互译的在线资料和论坛七、教学环境1. 教室：宽敞、安静，有利于学生集中注意力2. 设备：投影仪、计算机、音响等教学设备八、教学进度安排1. 第一课时：介绍英汉互译的基本原则和技巧2. 第二课时：分析英汉两种语言的差异3. 第三课时：讲解英汉互译的实践操作4. 第四课时：布置练习题，进行课堂练习九、课后作业1. 复习本节课的内容，整理笔记2. 完成布置的英汉互译练习题3. 收集英汉互译相关的资料，进行自主学习十、教学反思2. 对学生的反馈进行整理，针对存在的问题进行调整教学策略3. 不断更新教学资源，提高自身教学水平，以更好地为学生服务重点和难点解析一、教学目标难点解析：跨文化交际意识的培养和实际应用能力的提升。
英汉翻译入门chapter 1
1 翻译理论与实践1. Definition of Translation (P1-3)英国The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one language into another美国Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s own or another language 《辞海》、《汉语大词典》：把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。
翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。
❖Nothing should be added to or taken from the original work.The duty of the translator is simply to change thevocabulary, not the thought. In translation therefore,there are two essential elements: accuracy and expressiveness.❖从以上的翻译定义来看，我们知道……不可有所增删。
译者的任务只是变换词汇而不是改变其意思。
因此翻译有两个要❖综合各家之长:翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。
2 Three key words from the definitions❖ 1. Textual (What we usually translate are texts rather thanindependent words or sentences.)Eg. 警幻道：“此茶出在放春山遣香洞，又以仙花灵叶上所带之宿露而烹，此茶名曰‘千红一窟’。
英汉翻译教程 全套课件
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第一章：翻译概述——翻译的定义
Alexander Fraser Tytler:
A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.
3.《英汉翻译概要》，靳梅林 编著， 南开大学出版 社，1998年。
4.《新编汉英翻译教程》，陈宏薇 编著，上海外语教 育出版社，2004年。
5.《英汉翻译教程》，连淑能 编著，高等教育出版社， 2006年。
8
导学——学习网站
1. 中国翻译协会 /tran/index.htm 2. 中国科技翻译
4
导学——课程要求
Classroom polices: Late work: Assignments must be turned in on the due date for
full credit. Unless otherwise indicated, all assignments will be due at the beginning of the class period. Assignments that are turned in late will lose 5% per day. Copying and Plagiarism:
英汉翻译教程教案
英汉翻译教程教案一、翻译史: 有语言就有翻译1.how long: about 2000 years西方: 公元前3世纪2.翻译高潮climax公元前四世纪: 古希腊文化（三人用拉丁语）公元前四—六世纪：罗马帝国后期（中世纪）, 以宗教文献为主《圣经》—拉丁语中世纪后期（13-14世纪）: 巴格达成为研究古希腊文化的中心文艺复兴时期（14-16世纪）: 大量译著和翻译家二战以后, 翻译范围扩大3. 我国的翻译高潮1）东汉—唐宋: 佛经翻译三大翻译家: 玄奘: 第一个鸠摩罗什: 天然西域之语趣真谛2）明末清初: 科学著作外文—中文3）五四前: 严复、林纾等严复的翻译标准: faithfulness信expressiveness达elegance雅4）建国后初10年, 毛、马、列著作—中文, 苏联等社会主义国家的文学著作5）1978年后（改革开放）：西方学术著作和文艺作品：中译外文, 量少质劣二、What’s translation?三、可译性？1.字的音和形法不可译Practice makes perfect.（押头韵）Able was I are I saw Elba.（拿破仑说）不到厄岛我不倒（通韵味，但乏对称性）Armed to the teeth: fully armedStrike while iron is hot.以眼还眼, 以牙还牙。
滴水穿石。
旧瓶装新油。
火上浇油。
throw one’s hat into ring 竞技莎士比亚《驯悍记》Your three inch fool三打一水浒3. 意译Many kiss the baby for the nurse’s sake.醉翁之意不在酒。
I’m afraid she’s too far away from the cradle for you.恐怕她对你来说太老了。
as sweet as a nut甜得像蜜一样He who wants to eat nut must first crack it.Until …… ambition…… 不到黄河不死心。
英汉互译理论与实务课件及其参考答案 第一章第三节翻译的标准和译者的素养
❖ 例如：“……妈妈水氏已故, 别无儿女。” (冯梦龙, 2008: 74))
❖ 译文1： His mother, nee Shui, had died and she had no other children except Qiu Xian.
❖ 译文2：His wife, nee Shui, had died and left him no children.
❖ （3） 具备一定的专门知识和杂学知识 ❖ 傅雷曾说:“.…译事虽近舌人，要以艺术修养为根本；无敏
感之心灵，无热烈之同情，无适当之鉴赏能力，无相当之社 会经验，无充分之常识，势难彻底理解原作，即或理解，亦 未必能深切领悟。”(转引自罗新璋, 1984) ❖ 著名学者吕叔湘1984年在“翻译工作与 ‘杂学’一文中”指出： “上自天文，下自地理，人情风俗，俚语方言，历史上的事 件，小说里的人物，五花八门，无以名之，名之曰 ‘杂学’。” （转引自姜倩等, 2008: 55）
❖ 译文1的译者显然对古汉语知识掌握不够，不懂古汉语的 “妈妈”并不等同于现代汉语的“妈妈”， 而是“妻子”的 意思。理解错了“妈妈”必然会导致“别无儿女”的张冠李 戴。
❖ （2） 一定的文化素养 ❖ “ 对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种
语言更重要，因为词语只是在其作用的文化背景中才有意 义……实际上，文化之间的差异比语言结构上的差异给读者 带来的复杂性更多。” (Nida, 1993:110) ❖ 作为翻译不仅要熟悉两种语言，还要熟悉这两种语言背后的 文化，具有相当的文化素养，从而能体会到中西文化的差异， 才能在译语中得以充分传达，为译语读者所接受。
❖ （4） 高效的学习能力 ❖ 怎样去利用资源，尤其是有效地利用现代技术获取
《英汉互译》教案与讲义
《英汉互译》教案与讲义教案章节一：英汉互译概述教学目标：1. 了解英汉互译的基本概念和原则。
2. 掌握英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。
3. 能够进行简单的英汉互译实践。
教学内容：1. 英汉互译的概念和定义。
2. 英汉互译的原则和标准。
3. 英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。
4. 英汉互译的实践案例分析。
教学活动：1. 引入英汉互译的概念和定义。
2. 讲解英汉互译的原则和标准。
3. 介绍英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。
4. 提供实践案例，让学生进行翻译练习。
教学评价：1. 学生能够回答英汉互译的概念和定义。
2. 学生能够理解英汉互译的原则和标准。
3. 学生能够掌握英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。
4. 学生能够进行简单的英汉互译实践。
教案章节二：词汇与翻译1. 了解词汇在英汉互译中的重要性。
2. 掌握英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。
3. 能够准确翻译词汇和短语。
教学内容：1. 词汇在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。
2. 英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。
3. 常见词汇和短语的翻译实例。
教学活动：1. 引入词汇在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。
2. 讲解英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。
3. 提供常见词汇和短语的翻译实例。
4. 让学生进行词汇翻译练习。
教学评价：1. 学生能够理解词汇在英汉互译中的重要性。
2. 学生能够掌握英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。
3. 学生能够准确翻译常见词汇和短语。
教案章节三：语法与翻译教学目标：1. 了解语法在英汉互译中的重要性。
2. 掌握英汉语法的差异和转换方法。
3. 能够正确翻译句子和段落。
1. 语法在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。
2. 英汉语法的差异和转换方法。
3. 常见语法错误的分析和纠正。
教学活动：1. 引入语法在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。
2. 讲解英汉语法的差异和转换方法。
3. 提供常见语法错误的分析和纠正。
4. 让学生进行句子和段落的翻译练习。
教学评价：1. 学生能够理解语法在英汉互译中的重要性。
2. 学生能够掌握英汉语法的差异和转换方法。
Unit 1 单元教案(全英)
4 ,Use different method to read .
5 , Listen to the tape and read after it
6 , Learn the key sentences :
What’s Wu Yifan like?
He’s hard-working.
Students look at the
blackboard
As play games as learn these words.
Sept 3: Practice
1, Game : be careful the bomb
2 , Listen to the tape and read after it
3 , Give enough time to read them
4 , Let students make sentences
Step 4. Summary and homework
Students
Teaching steps:
Step 1: Warm up.
1 ), Greetings
2) , Free talk : Let’s chant
3) Revision
1 , Review the words
2 , Review the “ Let’s talk ” of Part A
Step 2. Presentation
1 ,draw some pictures of this lesson on the blackboard..
2 , Teacher show cards of the new words :
polite , helpful , shy , clever , hard-working
chapter_1_简介和翻译标准
大家被淋得浑身透湿，他们头天晚上还是聚到了 一起。
• 2） 具有丰富的文化知识，熟悉以英语为母 语的国家的诸如历史、宗教、政治、地理、 军事、外交、经济、文艺、科学、风土人 情、民俗习惯等方面的社会文化。这有助 于正确理解原文，完美地表达原作所要传 达的思想内容。 • 3） 熟悉翻译理论和常用技巧，善于灵活运 用各种翻译技巧。 • 4） 熟悉各种工具书。
翻译的规律难以译出原文的言外之意。 翻译的规律难以译出原文的言外之意。许多句子的真正 意义在言外。言外之意是语言的内涵, 意义在言外。言外之意是语言的内涵,译者能译出语言内涵 的翻译技能就是其翻译的艺术性。 的翻译技能就是其翻译的艺术性。 • Are you an associate professor now ?
英汉翻译的标准: 英汉翻译的标准 Pp8-10
• • • • • •
唐朝,玄奘 清末,严复 鲁迅 傅雷 梁实秋 钱钟书
• 1 faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance • 2 rather faithful than smooth • 3 spiritual conformity • 4 rather smooth than faithful • 5 sublimed adaptation • 6 faithfulness and readability (求真 喻俗)
Connotation of Translation
• Is translation an art, a science, or a craft? • ...translation is first a science, which entails the knowledge and verification of the facts and the language that describes them-here, what is wrong, mistakes of truth, can be identified; secondly, it is a skill, which calls for appropriate language and acceptable usage; thirdly, an art, which distinguishes good from undistinguished writing and is the creative, the intuitive, sometimes the inspired, level of the translation; … （Peter Newmark）
新编英汉翻译教程第一章 ppt课件
languages. For example, translation from English to Chinese.
• Section 2 Types of translation
• First of all, a translation should let people know the meaning (or get the information) of the source language.
• However, translation is not a pure linguistic activity. It also involves other non-linguistic elements, especially cultural element. Therefore, some researchers define translation as in line 2, page 3.
• 奈达有关翻译的定义指明，翻译不仅是词 汇意义上的对等，还包括语义、风格和文 体的对等，翻译传达的信息既有表层词汇 信息，也有深层的文化信息。
• Source language to target language
• 源语言（译出语） 目标语（译入语）
• What is the aim of translation?
们是烹鸡专家！
• Questions: what are the criteria of translation? Or, what is a good translation?
• Section 3 criteria of translation • Basic requirements: Faithfulness
新英汉翻译课件教程 Chapter 1 翻译概论
• Contrast is the spice of life. There can
be no joy without sorrow, no summer without winter, no love without hate. • 【译文】矛盾是生活的调味品：没有悲伤就 没有快乐；没有冬就没有夏；没有恨就没有 爱。 • 【解析】充满哲理，令人信服。译文和原文 一样挥洒自如，如歌似曲。
课堂互动 1：找找哪个译文正确
• 1．He has a weakness for smoking.
•
– A．他有抽烟的缺点。 – B．他有抽烟的癖好。 2．A cat is a cleanly animal. – A．猫是一种干净的动物。 – B．猫是喜爱清洁的动物。
• 3．He is dead，as I live.
•
钱钟书提出文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。把作 品从一国文字转变为另一国文字，既不能因语 言习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完 全保存原有的风味，那就算得上是入于“化” 境了。 谭载喜提出了翻译的“东张西望”法和译学内 容的“瞻前顾后”法。“东张”即发挥自身的 语言优势，做到译文的“信达贴”、“信达 切”、“神似”、“化境”。“西望”则是借 鉴西方译论，立足分析，注重理论，放眼系统。 “瞻前”——放开思路，大胆开拓；“顾 后”——继承传统，推陈出新。
黄昏的阴影几乎连在一起，不可分别，岁将云暮，终日昏 暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏大寺去散步了几个钟头。 • 【解析】此译文对原文语序略作调整，译文表达忠实、正 确、流畅，符合汉语习惯。但现代人读来文字华丽、感到 过于学究气，和原语文本中所用文字和所表达语气似乎相 悖。 • 【译文】时值晚秋，天气肃杀凄凉，令人伤感，晨日的光 影与黄昏的光影几乎交织在一起，难以分辨，昏暗的光线 投射到一年的衰败秋日之中，而就在这样的一天，我独自 到西敏寺大教堂散步了几个小时。
英汉翻译基础教程unit 1
主体 “介入”
近二、三十年流 行
侧重以解构主义 等受“后殖民主 义”思潮影响的 翻译理论
强调译者操纵
1.5 翻译的主体
• 翻译研究界已逐渐开始重视对译者主体性的研究，但 这不能仅仅停留在一般的呼吁“正名”阶段，而应进
一步探讨“译者背后的总的原因”、机理和特征，特
别是应从理论上真正对译者的“中心地位”和“主导
严复 “信、达、雅”
《天演论》、《原富》
1.3 翻译史简介
东方翻译史始于翻译佛经
高潮 时期
特点及代表人物
4th 五四运动至 马列主义经典《共产党宣言》、《莎士比
建国前
亚剧本》（梁实秋译）和苏联文学作品
《死魂灵》、《毁灭》等
白话文代替文言文
5th 建国初期到 东西方文学翻译
文革之前
译介学
6rd
20世纪70年 社科、科技、军事、外交、贸易、法律、
• 杳杳寒山道，rough and dark-the cold mountain trail，
• 落落冷涧滨。sharp cobbles-the icy creek bank. • 寂寂更无人。bleak，alone，not even a lone
hiker.
• 朝朝不见日，morning after morning I don't see the sun
代至今
文教、卫生等领域
翻译爆炸
1.4 翻译的标准
• 翻译的标准之争由来已久，“文质之争”、 “直译意译之争”、“归化异化之争”
• 严复：信、达、雅
• 鲁迅：宁信而不顺（直译） • 赵景深：宁错而务顺 • 许渊冲：诗歌翻译的三原则“三美”（意美、
音美、形美），“三化”（等化、浅化、深 化）
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2. History of Translation in China
1)佛经翻译时期，从东汉开始至唐宋，
1000余年（鸠摩罗什 ，真谛，玄奘） 2）明朝后期：传教士 重要人物：徐光启、林纾、严复 3）中国近代翻译史：“五四”运动是 分水岭； 重要人物：鲁迅、瞿秋白 4）繁荣阶段：新中国的成立
b) logical relationship: When he was a young fellow
in the sixties, he became a famous chemical scientist. c) deep structure of the source language Last night, I heard him driving his pigs to market.
You will have to:
read more; practice more; think more; discuss more
5.Background knowledge and translation
1)history background: “pen”
in the century 2)geographical environment: carry coals to Newcastle 3)Religion: talk of the devil, and he’s sure to appear
4) full of conceit
8) The dishes from Chinese
cuisine are meant to be both visually appealing and flavorous. 中国菜色香味俱全。 9） The evil which they did lives after them. // 他们所做的坏事将遗臭万年。 Reading: P1---51.
Skills in translation
Appropriate choice of words and
expressions: Division and combination; Omission and amplification; Conversion Repetition Negative vs Affirmative ---
th 19
) customs( You look darker after the holidays) 5) social politics (It’s mere propaganda 造谣惑众) 6) culture: dragon/dog
4
6. Basic theories
A.翻译的标准
不必担心太早.
直译意译
/data/2005/0926/arti
cle_1151.htm
Exercises:
Translate the following, using idiomatic Chinese: 1)extremely urgent 十万火急
I never had much in seeing you. There
was no love lost between us at any time. We grumble a little now and then, to be sure. But there’s no love lost between us. The lights went out suddenly. We must have a break somewhere. Well, let’s have a break and enjoy our
妄自菲薄 2)underestimate one’s own capabilities
3)commit the same error 重蹈覆辙
目空一切 5) miss a good chance 错失良机 6) fellow sufferers 难兄难弟 7)make a superficial change 换汤不换药
WhyLeabharlann ?My Understanding
A language activity: one of the five skills in
learning English An art: the processes as well as the product Communication: translation or die Job: for some people, it is a job Subject: to learn translation theory and skills, it is no doubt a science. Translation is also a good way to develop your own language, both native and foreign language.
Unit 1 翻译标准
WELCOME TO THE
WORLD OF TRANSLATION
Begin by a story:
Tower of Babel
Outline of the Course
Teaching schedule Methods: lectures,
presentations,
意译是指按照原文的句子结构
翻译，所得译文不符合汉语习 惯的情况下，重新组织句子结 构，即舍形式而取内容，用贴 切的译入语准确传达原作的意 义。（赵桂华2002：31）
意译:舍形式取内容 Cast pearls before swine. 对牛弹琴 Do you see any green in my eye? 你以为我是好欺骗的妈？ Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it.
E. 宋天锡: 三大标准: 共核标
准、个性标准、理想标准 共核标准 信息传真:饱满而准确; 风格 再现, 译什么像什么；可读性 好：增彩不增意；
翻译有“标准”, 却又没有标准;
仁者见仁, 智者见智
请点击并学习相关内容： 翻译的标准与条件：
Process of Translation
教学目标: 能够了解翻译的历史、
翻译的标准、
范畴、
具体的翻译方法。
1. What is translation
Discuss with your partners: How do you perceive translation? As a language activity? As an art? As a kind of cross-cultural communication? As a job? As a subject?
3.Scope of Translation
1)in terms of languages:
2)in terms of the mode:
3)in terms of materials to be
translated: 4)in terms of disposal: (full-text translation, abridged translation, adapted translation)
A. Preparation: basic knowledge about both
languages as well as the background knowledge; basic skills in translation are necessary; B. Comprehension: understanding accurately the meaning of the source language; How? C. Expression: try to express the meaning in idiomatic Chinese; D. Revision: (proofread) check again and again to polish the language.
C. Fu Lei’s (傅雷) spiritual conformity （神
似) D. Qian Zhongshu (钱钟书)’s sublimed （升华了的） adaptation (化境) E. 鲁迅：翻译：一当然力求其易解,一则保 存原作的丰姿。反对牛头不对马嘴，提出 “宁信而不顺”之原则。
a.) word meaning in context:
维特根斯坦（1953：31）：
The meaning of a word is its use in
the language. 一个词的意义就是它在语言中的运用。 Hymes (1972: xix ) points out, “The key to understanding language in context is to start not with language, but with context.”
4. Requirements of Translation
1)to master the languages skilfully;
2)to have a lot of exposure to both
FL and L1; 3)Practise makes perfect 4)vital importance of general knowledge; (吕叔湘把翻译称为“杂学”)
Literal translation and free translation
“所谓直译，就是在译文语言条 件许可时，在译文中既持原文 的内容，又保持原文的形式— —特别是指明保持原文的比喻、 形象和民族、地方色彩等。但 直译不是死译或硬译。”（张 培基等1980：13）