广州大学625综合英语2011--2015年考研专业课初试真题
华南理工大学626英语综合水平测试2014年考研专业课真题试卷
华南理工大学2014年考研专业课真题试卷（原版）626华南理工大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：英语综合水平测试适用专业：英语语言文学，外国语言学及应用语言学共12页Part I.Reading Comprehension(60marks,2marks each)Directions:There are6passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage1A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement(CIRCLE)at Tufts University shows that today's youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations,and a2008study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes.But there's no easy way to see what those figures mean in real life.During the presidential campaign,Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically diverse coalition with his message of hope and change;as the reality of life under a new administration settles in,some of those supporters might become disillusioned.As the nation moves further into the Obama presidency,will politically engaged young people continue to support the president and his agenda,or will they gradually drift away?The writers of Generation O(short for Obama),a new Newsweek blog that seeks to chronicle the lives of a group of young Obama supporters,want to answer that question.For the next three months,Michelle Kremer and11other Obama supporters,ages19to34,will blog about life across mainstream America,with one twist:by tying all of their ideas and experiences to the new president and his administration,the bloggers will try to start a conversation about what it means to be young and politically active in America today.Malena Amusa,a24-year-old writer and dancer from St.Louis sees the project as a way to preserve history as it happens.Amusa,who is traveling to India this spring to finish a book,then to Senegal to teach English,has ongoing conversations with her friends about how the Obama presidency has changed their daily lives and hopes to put some of those ideas,along with her global perspective,into her posts.She's excited because,as she puts it,"I don't have to wait [until]15years from now"to make sense of the world.Henry Flores,a political-science professor at St.Mary's University,credits this younger generation's political strength to their embrace of technology."[The Internet]exposes them to more thinking,"he says,"and groups that are like-minded in different parts of the country start to come together."That's exactly what the Generation O bloggers are hoping to do.The result could be a group of young people that,like their boomer parents,grows up with9/13a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy they've inherited from Generation X.It's no small challenge for a blog run by a group of ordinary—if ambitious—young people,but the第1页。
广州大学2015年硕士研究生招生入学考试业务课试卷
广州大学2015年硕士研究生招生入学考试业务课试卷
考试科目名称:中国舞蹈史及作品分析
一、名词解释(任选5题，每小题6分，共30分)
1,《云门大卷》2、杨贵妃3、竹竿子
4,《十六天魔舞》5.黎锦晖6、杨丽萍
二、简答题(任选2题，每小题15分，共30分)
1、简述汉代“乐府”机构的任务。
2、简述唐代乐舞兴盛的原因。
3,简述我国上世纪50年代末至60年代中期，舞剧艺术创作取得的成果。
三、论述题(任选2题，每小题20分，共40分)
1、论述《六小舞》的内容、形式及社会功能.
2、论述唐代坐部伎与立部伎的组织结构与表演形式。
3、论述延安新秧歌运动对中国民间舞发展产生的影响。
4、论述影视舞蹈与大众传播。
四、舞蹈作品分析…任选1题，共50分)
要求:观点明确，分析合理，行文规范，书写工整，字数在150。
字左右.
1.《醉鼓》(邓林编导，黄豆豆表演)
2,《云南映象》(杨丽萍编导)
3.《也许是要飞翔》(王玫编导，吴珍艳表演)。
2015年考研真题及答案专题
2015年考研英语真题及答案解析Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was takento_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
2014年华南理工大学626英语综合水平测试考研真题_真题-无答案
2014年华南理工大学626英语综合水平测试考研真题(总分150,考试时间180分钟)Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.(60 marks, 2 marks each)Passage 1A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that today’s youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes. But there’s no easy way to see what those figures mean in real life. During the presidential campaign, Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically diverse coalition with his message of hope and change; as the reality of life under a new administration settles in, some of those supporters might become disillusioned. As the nation moves further into the Obama presidency, will politically engaged young people continue to support the president and his agenda, or will they gradually drift away?The writers of Generation O (short for Obama), a new Newsweek blog that seeks to chronicle the lives of a group of young Obama supporters, want to answer that question. For the next three months, Michelle Kremer and 11 other Obama supporters, ages 19 to 34, will blog about life across mainstream America, with one twist: by tying all of their ideas and experiences to the new president and his administration, the bloggers will try to start a conversation about what it means to be young and politically active in America today. Malena Amusa, a 24-yearold writer and dancer from St. Louis sees the project as a way to preserve history as it happens. Amusa, who is traveling to India this spring to finish a book, then to Senegal to teach English, has ongoing conversations with her friends about how the Obama presidency has changed their daily lives and hopes to put some of those ideas, along with her global perspective, into her posts. She’s excited because, as she puts it, “I don’t have to wait [until] 15 years from now” to make sense of the world.Henry Flores, a political-science professor at St. Mary’s University, credits this younger generation’s political strength to their embrace of technology. “[The Internet] exposes them to more thinking,” he says, “and groups that are like-minded in different parts of the country start to come together.” That’s exactly what the Generation O bloggers are hoping to do. The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer parents, grows up with 9/13 a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy they’ve inherited from Generation X. It’s no small challenge for a blog run by a group of ordinary—if ambitious—young people, but the members of Generation O are up to the task.1. What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE?A. More young voters are going to the polls than before.B. The young generation supports traditionally liberal causes.C. Young voters played a decisive ro le in Obama’s election.D. Young people in America are now more diverse ideologically.2. What is the main concern of the writers of Generation O?A. How Obama is going to live up to young people’s expectations.B. Whether America is going to change during Obama’s presidency.C. Whether young people will continue to support Obama’s policy.D. How Obama’s agenda is going to affect the life of Americans.3. What will the Generation O bloggers write about in their posts?A. Their own interpretation of American politics.B. Policy changes to take place in Obama’s administration.C. Obama’s presidency viewed from a global perspective.D. Their lives in relation to Obama’s presidency.4. What accounts for the younger generation’s political strength according to Professor Henry Flores?A. Their embrace of radical ideas.B. Their desire to change America.C. Their utilization of the Internet.D. Their strong sense of responsibility.5. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X?A. They are politically conservative.B. They reject conventional values.C. They dare to take up challenges.D. They are indifferent to politics.Passage 2In the old days **pany performance was simply a case of looking at turnover, profits and dividends. However, the last few years have seen environmental and ethical issues move to the forefront of public concern and resulted in a closer scrutiny of a company’s performance in terms of its business ethics. As the Government has been slow to respond to the increasing importance of ethics, companies have been forced to address the subject themselves and re-align their own management policies accordingly. These policies will determine how a company conducts all aspects of its business, from dealing with clients to reporting to shareholders.By setting themselves up as ethical, however, companies are not so much promoting the importance of ethical conduct, the well-being of the **munity or the development of society as a whole, as engaging in a powerful marketing and PR exercise to attract both discerning clients and bright young recruits. In today’s markets, **pany without a coherent ethics policy is in danger of surrendering a competitive advantage to its rivals.In order to develop an ethical code of conduct, companies will have to deal with issues such as the legal implications of their disciplinary measures and the effect any new procedures will have on employees. However, new policies can only be developed once **pany has identified the core values that underpin its day to day operations. Without a clear understanding of these values, it is impossible to develop a code of **patible with **pany’s culture. An effective code will dictate how employees approach conflicts and other stressful dilemmas not covered by the normal terms and conditions ofemployment. It will provide employees with a clear understanding of what behavior is expected when they find themselves confronted with such dilemmas.Ethical procedures are particularly critical in times of crisis. Pay disputes, sexual harassment charges or cases of fraud, for example, can involve **plex issues that require careful decision-making and can have a very negative effect on staff morale. At such times it is crucial **panies act in an ethical manner. By doing so, they may not be able to avoid the potentially damaging publicity such cases inevitably attract; they will, however, be in a much stronger position to defend themselves in a court of law.The major obstacle **panies face, having established a code of conduct, is that of ensuring that each individual member of staff follows it. Some organizations simply distribute leaflets to all staff in the hope that they will read and act on them. **panies take a more active approach and invite management gurus to hold seminars on the subject, which, while often highly entertaining, have little long-term impact. Although **panies now include ethics as part of their standard induction program, it is widely accepted that this is not enough. The issue of ethics in the workplace is now of such importance that it needs to be incorporated into incompany development programs for all employees, from the shop floor to the boardroom.With little sign of public concern abating, no organization can afford to ignore the subject of ethics in the workplace. In order to address the issue effectively, companies need to ensure that staff at all levels **mitted to **pany and its values and are motivated to transfer **mitment into ethical behavior.6. Business ethics are becoming more important as a result of ________.A. consumer demands.B. shareholder concern.C. management theoriesD. government legislation7. Why **panies promoting ethical practice?A. To develop customer awareness of social issues.B. To help raise money for the **munity.C. To enhance the positive image of **pany.D. To improve the conduct of employees.8. What **panies do first to develop an ethical code?A. To take appropriate legal advice.B. To consult employees at all levels.C. To establish their basic principles.D. To set up disciplinary procedures.9. At times of crisis, a code of conduct reduces the ________.A. likelihood of negative publicity.B. potential damage of legal action.C. negative effect on staff morale.D. time it takes to make decisions.10. How **panies ensure that staff follow ethical procedures?A. By distributing detailed leaflets to employees.B. By integrating ethics into training at all levels.C. By arranging seminars with ethics consultants.D. By including ethics in induction programs.Passage 3Like most people, I’ve long understood that I will be judged by my occupation,that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I’m treated as a st year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people. I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they’d never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned me back with his finger minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I’d been.I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I’d be sitting at their table, waiting to be served.Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked—cordially.I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me.My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry.It’s no secret that there’s a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others’ needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant.I’m now applying to graduated school, which means someday I’ll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want, I think I’ll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.11. The author was disappointed to find that ________.A. one’s position is used as a gauge to measure one’s intelligenceB. talented people like her should fail to get a respectable jobC. one’s occupation affects the way one is treated as a personD. professionals tend to look down upon manual workers12. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?A. Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.B. People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded.C. Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.D. Some customers like to make **plaints for no reason at all.13. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?A. She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professionals.B. She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon.C. She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her.D. She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior.14. What does the author imply by saying “…many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant” (Para.7)?A. Those who cater to others’ needs are destined to be looked down upon.B. Those working in the se rvice industry shouldn’t be treated as servants.C. Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.D. The majority of customers tend to look on a servant as a server nowadays.15. The author says she’ll one day take her clients to dinner in order to ________.A. see what kind of person they areB. experience the feeling of being servedC. show her generosity towards people inferior to herD. arouse their sympathy for people living a humble lifePassage 4I was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and 7th Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned. Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem.New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem- the New York Amsterdam News—when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia’s, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He’s carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem.History. I miss Mr. Michaux’s bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: “World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples.” An ugly state office building has swallowed that space.I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the **er of 125th and 7th , urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem’s powerful political electricity seems unplugged—although the sweets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants.Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of **munity back in the 1920s and 30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America's cultural influence around the world.By the 1970s and 80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of **munity. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life.Now, you want to shout “Lookin’ good!” at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th , where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson **plex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted.Harlem is also part of an “empowerment zone”—a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, **munity efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993.16. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that Harlem ________.A. has remained unchanged all these years.B. has undergone drastic changes.C. has become the capital of Black America.D. has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life.17. When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling of ________.A. indifferenceB. discomfortC. delightD. nostalgia18. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and 30s mainly because of its ________.A. art and cultureB. immigrant populationC. political enthusiasmD. distinctive architecture19. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the author ________.A. has strong reservations about the changesB. has slight reservations about the changesC. welcomes the changes in HarlemD. is completely opposed to the changesPassage 5“Museum” is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato’s Academy and Aristotle’s Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses’ shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples—notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit)—had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant “Muses’ shrine”.The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries—which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejeweled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich egg, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems—often antique engraved ones—as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not “collected” either, but “site-specific”, and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them—and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or evenbetter, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses’ shrines in the former sense.The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early “inspirational” collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradual1y, exemplary “modern” works were also added to such galleries.In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of “improving” collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.20. The sentence “Museum is a slippery word” in the first paragraph means that ________.A. the meaning of the word didn’t change until after the l5th century.B. the meaning of the word had changed over the years.C. the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans.D. princes and merchants added paintings to their collections.21. The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from ________.A. the Romans.B. Florence.C. OlympiaD. Greek22. “...the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined” in the third paragraph means that ________.A. there was a great demand for fakers.B. fakers grew rapidly in number.C. fakers became more skillful.D. fakers became more polite.23. Painting and sculptures on display in churches in the 15 th century were ________.A. collected from elsewhere.B. made part of the buildings.C. donated by people.D. bought by churches.24. Modern museums came into existence in order to ________.A. protect royal and church treasures.B. improve existing collections.C. stimulate public interest.D. raise more funds.25. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Collection and collectors.B. The evolution of museums.C. Modern museums and their functions.D. The birth of museums.Passage 6“In every known human society the male’s needs for achievements can be recognized…In a great number of human societies men’s sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.”This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered, it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far **plete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about **plicated system of defenses which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women’s pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men’s status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behavior: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people’s sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.26. The phrase “men’s sureness of their sex role” in the first paragraph suggests that they ________.A. are confident in their ability to charm women.B. take the initiative in courtship.C. have a clear idea of what is considered “manly”.D. tend to be more immoral than women are.27. The third paragraph does NOT claim that men ________.A. prevent women from taking up certain professions.B. secretly admire women’s intellect an d resolution.C. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business.D. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.28. The third paragraph ________.A. generally agrees with the first paragraph.B. has no connection with the first paragraph.C. repeats the argument of the second paragraph.D. contradicts the last paragraph.29. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to ________.A. show that men are stronger than women.B. carry further the ideas of the earlier paragraphs.C. support the first sentence of the same paragraph.D. disown the ideas he is expressing.30. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph ________.A. is based on the study of archaeology.B. illustrates how people expect men to behave.C. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant joke.D. proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooerCritical ReadingDirections: Read the following paragraphs or passages and answer the questions that follow. (1)It can be risky these days to suggest that there are any innate differences between men and women, other than those of anatomy. Out the window go the old notions about man and aggression, woman and submission (don’t even say the word), men and intellect, woman and instinct. If I observe that “my infant son prefers pushing a block along the floor while making car noises to cradling a doll in his arms and singing lullabies (and he does)—well, I can only conclude that, despite all our earnest attempts at nonsexist child-rearing, he has already all suffered environment contamination. Some of it, no doubt unwittingly, came from my husband and me, reared in the days when nobody winced if you recited that old saw about what little girls and boys are made of.I do not believe, of course, that men are smarter, steadier, more high-minded than women. But or two notions are harder to shake – such as the idea that there is a thing as “men’s talk” or “women’s talk.” And that it’s natural instinct to seek out, on occasion, **pany of one’s own sex, exclude members of the other sex and not feel guilty about it.Oh, but we do. At a party I attended the other night, for instance, it suddenly became apparent that all the women were in one room and all the men were in the other. Immediately we redistributed ourselves, which was a shame. No one had suggested we segregate. The talk in the kitchen was simply, all the women felt, more interesting.What was going in the kitchen was a particular sort of conversation that I love and that most men I know would wash and wax the car, change the oil filter and vacuum the upholstery to avoid. There is a way women talk in **pany of other men. They are not at all the same.31. In Paragraph 1, the author says, “It can be risky these days to suggest that there are any innate differences between men and women, other than those of anatomy.” Do you agree? Why?32. What does “environmental contamination” (in Paragraph 1) mean? What is the figure of speech employed here?33. The author uses an anecdote in Paragraphs 3 and 4, what viewpoint does the anecdote support?(2)My friend received another degree this month. She became a B.A, M.A., M.A. or as we fondly call her, a Bamama. These latest degree raised her academic temperature and the quality of her resume. In fact my friend Bamama officially became qualified to unemployed in yet a better class。
2019广州大学考研各专业参考书目汇总-广大各专业考研指定教材是什么？
2019广州大学考研各专业参考书目汇总-广大各专业考研指定教材是什么？广州大学每年都有指定大部分专业的参考书，找不到自己专业参考书目的同学可以登入鸿知广大考研网查看广州大学的考试大纲，或者点击[广州大学考研在线咨询入口]免费向广大研一研二学长学姐或考研老师咨询。
同时鸿知广大考研网还提供历年广州大学真题与答案汇总，需要的同学可以点击预览。
2018年广州大学土木工程学院考研招生专业目录及参考书目081403市政工程01给水处理工艺理论与技术02污水处理工艺理论与技术03工业废水处理工艺技术04建筑给水排水新技术05给排水工程系统及其优化06城镇固体废弃物处理理论与技术①101思想政治理论②201英语一③301数学一④837水分析化学或838水力学（自命题）综合考试包括：①给水排水管道工程②水质工程学Ⅰ（给水工程）③水质工程学Ⅱ（排水工程）不招收同等学力①水分析化学考试内容：水分析化学基本概念，酸碱滴定法、络合滴定法、沉淀滴定法、氧化还原滴定法的基本理论及相关基本计算，吸收光谱法的基本概念及基本计算，电位分析法的原理及pH的计算，气相色谱法和原子吸收光谱法的基本理论。
②水力学考试内容：液体的主要物理性质、静水压强及总压力、描述液体运动的方法、总流三大方程、液体微团运动分析、流动型态、水流阻力与水头损失、孔口管嘴出流、有压管路、明渠均匀流、明渠恒定非均匀流、堰流、相似原理与量纲分析081404供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程01空调系统理论与节能技术02建筑通风理论与①101思想政治理论②201英语一③301数综合考试包括：①空气调节②建筑环境学不招收同等学力①流体力学考试内容：流体的主要力学性质；流体的力学模型；流体静力学；一元流体动力学基础；流动阻力和能量损失；孔口、管嘴和管路流动；气体射流；不可压缩流体动力学基础；绕流运02大型复杂结构的安全性03工程抗震04工程抗爆05工程抗风06结构健康诊断07防灾减灾技术与管理08地质灾害及防护语一③301数学一④835结构力学或836材料力学（自命题）基基础。
广州大学考研真题回忆
英语语言文学真题回忆(综合英语，翻译与写作，二外法语)题目回忆是考后就写下，今天才来编辑发帖。
综合英语：1.单项选择题，关于语法，词组搭配之类的，没有考人文知识。
30道题30分。
难度中等或中下2.阅读理解四篇，每篇5道题，共40分。
文章和问题都不太难理解。
难度中等或中下其中一篇如下。
相比之下，其他3篇文章没那么长，但问题和选项就较长一点。
He was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Longbefore the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove ajaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Laterhe married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm whenher father died. The girl was quiet, tall, and dark, and to many people sheseemed very beautiful. Everyone in Winesburg wondered why she married thedoctor. Within a year after the marriage she died.The knuckles of the doctor's hands were extraordinarily large.When the hands were closed they looked like clusters of unpainted wooden ballsas large as walnuts fastened together by steel rods.He smoked a cob pipe andafter his wife's death sat all day in his empty office close by a window thatwas covered with cobwebs. He never opened the window. Once on a hot day inAugust he tried but found it stuck fast and after that he forgot all about it.Winesburg had forgotten the old man, but in Doctor Reefy therewere the seeds of something very fine. Alone in his musty office in the HeffnerBlock above the Paris Dry Goods Company's store, he worked ceaselessly,building up something that he himself destroyed. Little pyramids of truth heerected and after erecting knocked them down again that he might have thetruths to erect other pyramids.Doctor Reefy was a tall man who had worn one suit of clothes forten years. It was frayed at the sleeves and little holes had appeared at theknees and elbows. In the office he wore also a linen duster with huge pocketsinto which he continually stuffed scraps of paper. After some weeks the scrapsof paper became little hard round balls, and when the pockets were filled hedumped themout upon the floor. For ten years he had but one friend, another oldman named John Spaniard who owned a tree nursery. Sometimes, in a playful mood,old Doctor Reefy took from his pockets a handful of the paper balls and threwthem at the nursery man. "'That is to confound you, you blithering oldsentimentalist," he cried, shaking with laughter.The story of Doctor Reefy and his courtship of the tall dark girlwho became his wife and left her money to him is a very curious story. It isdelicious, like the twisted little apples that grow in the orchards ofWinesburg. In the fall one walks in the orchards and the ground is hard withfrostunder foot. The apples have been taken from the trees by the pickers. Theyhave been put inbarrels and shipped to the cities where they will be eaten inapartments that are filled with books, magazines, furniture, and people. On thetrees are only a few gnarled apples that the pickers haverejected. They looklike the knuckles of Doctor Reefy’ s hands. One nibbles at them and they aredelicious. Into a little round place at the side of the apple has been gatheredall of its sweetness.One runs from tree to tree over the frosted ground pickingthe gnarled, twisted apples and filling his pockets with them. Only the fewknow the sweetness of the twisted apples.The girl and Doctor Reefy began their courtship on a summerafternoon. He was forty-fivethen and already he had begun the practice offilling his pockets with the scraps of paper thatbecame hard balls and werethrown away. The habit had been formed as he sat in his buggy behind the jadedgrey horse and went slowly along country roads. On the papers were writtenthoughts, ends of thoughts, beginnings of thoughts.One by one the mind of Doctor Reefy had made the thoughts. Out ofmany of them heformed a truth that arose gigantic in his mind. The truthclouded the world. It became terrible and then faded away and the littlethoughts began again.The tall dark girl came to see Doctor Reefy because she was in thefamily way and hadbecome frightened. She was in that condition because of aseries of circumstances also curious.The death of her father and mother and the rich acres of land thathad come down to her had seta train of suitors on her heels. For two years shesaw suitors almost every evening. Except twothey were all alike. They talked toher of passion and there was a strained eager quality in their voicesand in their eyes when they looked at her. The two who were different were muchunlikeeach other. One of them, a slender young man with white hands, the son ofa jeweler in Winesburg, talked continually of virginity. When he was with herhe was never off the subject. Theother, a black-haired boy with large ears,said nothing at all but always managed to get her into the darkness, where hebegan to kiss her.For a time the tall dark girl thought she would marry thejeweler's son. For hours she sat in silence listening as he talked to her andthen she began to be afraid of something. Beneath his talk of virginity shebegan to think there was a lust greater than in all the others. At times itseemed to her that as he talked he was holding her body in his hands. Sheimagined him turning it slowly about inthe white hands and staring at it. Atnight she dreamed that he had bitten into her body and that his jaws weredripping. She had the dream three times, then she became in the family way totheone who said nothing at all but who in the moment of his passion actuallydid bite her shoulder so that for days the marks of his teeth showed.After the tall dark girl came to know Doctor Reefy it seemed toher that she never wanted to leavehim again. She went into his office onemorning and without her saying anything he seemed to know what had happened toher.In the office of the doctor there was a woman, the wife of the manwho kept the bookstore in Winesburg. Like all old-fashioned countrypractitioners, Doctor Reefy pulled teeth, and the woman who waited held ahandkerchief to her teeth and groaned. Her husband was with her and when thetooth was taken out they both screamed and blood ran down on the woman's whitedress.The tall dark girl did not pay any attention. When the womanand the manhad gone the doctor smiled. "I will take you driving into the country withme," he said.For several weeks the tall dark girl and the doctor were togetheralmost every day. The condition that had brought her to him passed in anillness, but she was like one who has discovered the sweetness of the twistedapples, she could not get her mind fixed again upon theround perfect fruit thatis eaten in the city apartments. In the fall after the beginning of heracquaintanceship with him she married Doctor Reefy and in the following springshe died. During the winter he read to her all of the odds and ends of thoughtshe had scribbled on the bits of paper. After he had read them he laughed andstuffed them away in his pockets to become round hard balls.1.According to the story Doctor Reefy’s life seems very __________.A. eccentricB. normalC. enjoyableD. optimistic2.The story tells us that the tall dark girl was in the familyway. The phrase “in the family way”means____________.A. troubledB. PregnantC. twistedD. cheated3.Doctor Reef lives a ___________ life.A. happyB. miserableC. easy-goingD. reckless4. The tall dark girl’s marriage to Doctor Reef proves to be a _____ one.A. transientB. understandableC. perfectD. funny5. Doctor Ree f’s paper balls probably symbolize his ______.A. eagerness to shut himself away from societyB. suppressed desire to communicate with peopleC. optimism about lifeD. cynical attitude towards life3.完型填空就一篇，有20道选项吧共20分难度中等吧4.翻译40分i. 英译汉 20分O mighty poet! Thy works are not as those of other men, simply andmerely great works of art; but are also like the phenomena of nature, like thesunand the sea, the stars and the flowers; like frost and snow, rain and dew,hail-storm and thunder, which are to be studied with entire submission of ourown faculties, and in the perfect faith that in them there can be no too muchor too little, nothing useless or inert- but that, the farther we press in ourdiscoveries, the more we shall see proofs of design and self-supportingarrangement where the careless eye had seen nothing but accident!ii. 汉译英 20分那篇文章什么题目我忘了，但是却清晰地记得它的内容讲的是怎样面的人生的困难。
历年广州大学考研真题试卷与答案汇总-广大考研真题哪里找？
历年广州大学考研真题试卷与答案汇总-广大考研真题哪里找？鸿知广大考研网汇集了广州大学各专业历年考研真题试卷（原版），同时与广州大学专业课成绩前三名的各专业硕士研究生合作编写了配套的真题答案解析，答案部分包括了（解题思路、答案详解）两方面内容。
真题解析先对每一道真题的解答思路进行引导，分析真题的结构、考察方向、考察目的，向考生传授解答过程中宏观的思维方式；其次对真题的答案进行详细解答，方便考生检查自身的掌握情况及不足之处，并借此巩固记忆加深理解，培养应试技巧与解题能力，真题详情请点击进入历年广州大学考研真题答案汇总。
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广州大学综合英语
Ⅰ.Define the following terms (4 points each, 20%)1. functional linguistics2. minimal pair3. consonant4. syntax5. synonymyⅡ. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false (1 point each, 10%)1. In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.2. Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.3. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.4. The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.5. Human language is arbitrary.6. All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.7. In most cases, the illocutionary force of “freeze!” is a warning.8. Linguistics is the course of language.9. In English, pitch and length constitute intensity which seems to determine stress.10. Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.Ⅲ.each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives is the most suitable to complete the statement. (1 point each, 20%)1. The tone, defined as pitch variation, is an important suprasegmental feature of tone languages such as _.A. ChineseB. EnglishC. Chinese and EnglishD. English and French2. voicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of _.A.the velumB.the vocal cordsC.the glottisD.the uvula3.speech act theory was first proposed by _.A.John AustinB.John SearleC. Noam ChomskyD.John Firth4. _ is the study of language in relation to the mind.A.PsycholinguisticsB.SociolinguisticsC.LinguisticsD.Semantic s5.in English-ise and –tion are called_.A. prefixesB. suffixesC. infixesD. free morphemes6.cold and hot are pair of_antonyms.A. gradableplementaryC. reversalD. converseness7. Which description of the meaning component s of the word “mother” is correct?A. +human, +adult, -maleB. +human, -adult, +maleC. –human, +adult, -maleD. +human, +adult, +male8. most of the violations of the maxims of the cooperative principle give rise to_.A. breakdown of conversationB. con fusion of one’s intentionC. hostility between speakers and listenersD. conversational implicatures9.according to sequential rules in English, which of the following combinations of sounds in NOT possible in Englsih?A. bilkB.blikC. kilbD. lbki10. /p/ and /b/ can occur in the same environment and they distinguish meaning. Therefore they are_.A. in phonemic contrastB. in complementary distributionC. a minimal pairD. allophones11. the fact that children acquire spoken language before they can read or write indicates that language in primarily_.A. spokenB. arbitraryC. human-specificD. written12. Of the following items, which one does not belong to the same syntactic category?A. the studentB. likedC. an ideaD. the linguistic lecture13. Which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of a constituent structure tree?A. it reveals the linear word order of a sentenceB. it shows the hierarchical structure of a sentenceC. it illustrates the syntactic category of each structural constituentD. it emphasizes the main suprasegmental feature of a sentence14. Which one of the following is NOT a common English address term?A. First nameB. Title aloneC. Title, +First nameD. Kin term15. _refers to the actua l realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterance.A. competenceB. contextC. langueD. Parole16. Y’s utterance in the following conversation violates the maxim of_.X: who was that you were with last night?Y: did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. RelationD. Manner17. syntactically, English sentences are built on_.A. wordsB. morphemesC. allophonesD. phonemes18.the phonetic symbol for the ‘voiced, labiodental, fricative’ is_.A. /v/B. /d/C. /f/D. /m/19. Which of the following pair is a minimal pair?A. boot; butB. beam; pinC. rope; ruleD. beat; put20. “Words are names or labels for things.” This view is called_in semantic theory.A. mentalismB. conceptualismC. naming theoryD. contextualismIV.TranslationDirections: translate the passage into Chinese. (15 points each, 30%)1) PsycholinguisticsPsycholinguistics is the study of language and mind: the mental structures and processes which are involved in the acquisition, comprehension and production of language. Perhaps the most well-developed apart of psycholinguistics is concerned with language acquisition in children, although there is a growing amount of work being done on second language and learning. People have also attempted to study such things as speech perception, comprehension and production. These topics of research are intrinsically bound up with the broader psychological studies of studies of cognition and memory.2).displacementDisplacement is a property of language enabling people to talk about things remote either in space or in time. Most animals can only communicate about things in the immediate situation, but human beings can communicate about things that are absent as easily as about things that are present. Ny virture of this feature man can talk about event, locations, and objects which are far removed from the present time and context. He can narrate events, for instance, that took place a long time ago and at a distant place. Displacement occasionally occurs in the animal world, for example, in the communication of honey bees. If worker bee finds a new source ofnectar, it returns to the hive and performs a complex dance in order to inform the other bees of the exact location of the nectar, which may be several miles away. But even bees are restricted in this ability, because they can inform each only about nectar.V. fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases given below (2 points each,20%)Morphology, allophones, context, phonetic transcription, hyponymyArbitrary, prescriptive, structure, synonymy, conversational implicature1. A linguistics study is descriptive if it describes and analyses facts observed; it is_ if it tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviors.2. language is a system of _vocal symbols for human communication.3. the phones representing a phoneme are called its_.4. _studies how words are formed, while syntax studies how words are combined to form sentence.5. syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the _of language.6. the sense relation between “furniture” and “bed” is _.7. _may arise as a result of a speaker’s violation of the operational principle.8. the notion of _is essential to the pragmatic study of language.9. the words “rich” and “wealthy” are similar in meaning and their semantic relation is described as_.10. _is a method of writing down speech sounds in a systematic and consistent way.VI. Reading comprehension (2 points each, 20%)这道题共有两篇阅读理解，都是关于语言学方面的（文章实在太长了，以后有空再打出来）VII.Provide answers to the following questions. (10 points each, 30%)1. what are the major differences between linguistics and traditional grammar?2. do you think that morphology and syntax should be treated as separate areas of study? Give reasons to support your views.3. paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show that you understand the ambiguity involved:Example: smoking grass can be nauseating.a. Putting grass in a pipe and smoking it can make you sick.b. Fumes from smoldering grass can make you sick.1). Terry loves his wife and so do I.2). They said she would go yesterday.3). The governor is a dirty street fighter.。
2019年广东广州大学综合英语考研真题解析版
2019年广东广州大学综合英语考研真题第一篇：Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes. These vast blocks were plainly a convenient means of easing social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on compact city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the affluent upper and upper-middle classes, and controversy as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation around many a respectable dinner-table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or fiats, was well established. Up to the late nineteenth century in England only bachelor barristers had established the tradition of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist upon a West End town house as his London home, the best that his means could provide.The popularity of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. One is the introduction of the railways, which had enabled a wide range of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. Hence, there is no doubt that many of the early luxury fiats were similar to hotel suites, even being provided with communal dining-rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made possible by these communal amenities and by tenants being able to reduce the number of family servants.One of the earliest substantial London developments of flats for the well-to-do was begun soon after Victoria Railway Station was opened in 1860, as the train service provided an efficient link with both the City and the South of England. Victoria Street, adjacent to both the Station and Westminster, had already been formed, and under the direction of the architect, Henry Ashton, was being lined, with blocks of residential chambers in the Parisian manner. These fiats were commodious indeed, offering between eight and fifteen rooms apiece, including appropriate domestic offices. The idea was an emphatic departure from the tradition of the London house and achieved immediate Success.Perhaps the most notable block in the vicinity was Queen Anne's Mansions, partly designed by E.R. Robson in 1884 and recently demolished. For many years, this was London's loftiest building and had strong claims to be the ugliest. The block modeled on the American skyscraper, and was nearly 200 feet high. The cliff-like walls of dingy brick completely overshadowed the modest thoroughfare nearby. Although bleak outside, the mansion fiats were palatial within, with sumptuously furnished communal entertaining and dining rooms, and lifts to the uppermost floors.The success of these tall blocks of flats could not have been achieved, of course, without the invention of the lift, or 'ascending carriage' as it was called when first used in the Strand LawCourts in the 1870s.1、Flats first appeared in Britain in the middle of the 19th century whenA. they were principally built for those families with several servants.B. people were not conscious of the crowded housing of the less well-to-do.C. there was increasing concern over accommodation for the poor.D. people became conscious of the social needs of the rural population.2、English upper-middle-class families preferred toA. live mainly outside London, where it was healthier and cheaper.B. live in the West End.C. live near their working place.D. live in London, but mainly not in the West End.3、One effect of the railways' coming to central London was to stimulate the building ofA. large and well-appointed hotels.B. blocks of self-contained fiats.C. rows of elegant town houses.D. fiats similar to hotel suites.4、The immediate success of the flats in Victoria Street could be attributed toA. the unusual number of rooms each fiat contained.B. their revolutionary style of architecture.C. the ease with which they could be used as offices.D. their French style of architecture.5、Which of the following is true about the interior and exterior of Queen Anne's Mansions?A. They were elegantly decorated both inside and outside.B. They were grim from the outside and had a modest decor inside.C. They were flashy from the street but nondescript inside.D. They were plain outside but with lavish interior.第二篇：As a firefighter, I have seen many people die in hotel fires. Most could have saved themselves if they had been prepared. Contrary to what you have seen in the movies, fire is not likely to chase you down and burn you to death. It’s the by-products of fire-smoke and panic- that are almost always the causes of death.For example, a man wakes up at 2:30 am due to the smell of smoke. He pulls on his pants and runs into the hallway-to be greeted by heavy smoke. He has no idea where the exit is, so he runs first to the right. No exit. Where is it? Panic sets in. He’s coughing and gagging now; his eyes hurt. He can t see his way back to his room. His chest hurt; he needs oxygen desperately. He rims in the other direction, completely disoriented. At 2:50 am we find him dead of smoke inhalation.Smoke, because it is warmer than air, will start accumulating at the ceiling and works its way down. The fresh air you should breathe is near the floor. What’s more, smoke is extremely irritating to the eyes. Your eyes will take only so much irritation, then they will close and you won t be able to open them.Your other enemy, panic, can make you do things that could kill you. The man in the foregoing example would not have died if he had known what to do. Had he found out beforehand where the exit was four doors down on the left-he could have gotten down on his hands and knees close to the floor, where the air is fresher. Then, even if he couldn't keep his eyes open, he could have felt the wall as he crawled, counting doors.1. The major point discussed in the passage is ( )A. a firefighter's jobВ. How to cope with fireC. the danger of fireD. the real cause of death in fire.2. Which of the following persons would most likely die in hotel fires?( )A. Those who get down on their hands and knees close to the door.B. Those who leave the hotel at the first sign of smoke.C. Those who look before they leap out of a low window.D. Those who don t know where the exits are.3. The man who died of smoke inhalation is an example given by the author to show( )A. the disastrous consequence of panic and smokeB. the importance of precaution against fireC. the disastrous consequence of a big hotel fireD. the importance of being well-prepared in your room4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?( )A. Fire is unlikely to turn you to death directly.B. Smoke and panic are almost always the causes of death.C. You should keep calm in the hotel fire.D. Movies show the right rules for surviving hotel fires.5. The word "disoriented”(Para.2) means ( )A. losing all sense of directionB. losing all strength against fireС. unable to see the wayD. mortally afraid第三篇:War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innatesurvival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defendthemselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that __.A) it threatens the existing social systemsB) it is influenced by societyC) it has roots in religious conflictsD) it is directed against institutions of law32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is __.A) to control violence within a societyB) to protect the world from chaosC) to free society from the idea of revengeD) to give the government absolute power33. What does the author mean by saying “in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.34. The word “allegiance”is closest in meaning to __.A) loyaltyB) objectiveC) survivalD) motive35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.四、段落翻译出自赛缪尔·斯迈尔斯的《以书为友》，以下是原文。
广州大学考研专业目录及参考书目(外国语学院)
外国语学院2016年研究生招生专业目录广州大学外国语学院成立于2001年7月，拥有一支年龄、职称、学历、学科结构合理，教学、科研能力较强的研究生导师队伍。
学院拥有英语语言文学硕士学位授权点、同时招收课程与教学论（英语教育）和专业学位教育硕士（学科教学·英语）研究生。
英语语言文学和课程与教学论（英语教育）学制为全日制三年，专业学位教育硕士（学科教学·英语）学制全日制二年、在职三年。
一、英语语言文学硕士点具有良好的学术传统，教学和科研根基深厚，师资力量雄厚。
本硕士点的特色主要体现在：1、注重新的研究方法与理论在语言研究中的运用；2、突出对文学、翻译及英语教学的跨学科研究；3、注重研究生科研能力及实践能力的培养。
该硕士点现有导师8人，其中教授7人、副教授1人。
认知语言学学术带头人肖坤学教授担任广东外语学会翻译会长、广东省翻译协会副会长、中国认知语言学研究会常务理事；英语教学研究学术带头人汪立荣教授是中国认知语言学研究会、广东外语学会和广东省翻译协会理事；英美文学学术带头人黎志敏教授为中山大学英美语言文学研究中心兼职研究员、广东省外国文学学会副秘书长；跨文化交际学学术带头人福布莱特学者蒋晓萍教授为国际跨文化交际学会和中国跨文化交际学会会员、澳大拉西亚教育哲学协会会员，《全球教育研究》（美国）新书系列的国际编辑顾问和广东省中小学地方教材审查委员会专家委员；陆道夫教授是广东省教育厅“千百十工程”校级学术骨干第一批、第二批培养对象，广东省哲学社科办论文评审专家，广东省教育厅职称论文评审专家，华南理工大学、广东外语外贸大学等高校硕士研究生论文校外评审专家，教育部全国四级翻译证书华南中心主任，广东省翻译协会理事，广州外国语学会常务理事，全国英国文学学会会员。
近年来，该硕士点学术队伍承担国家社科基金项目1项、国家留学基金项目3项、省部级教学科研项目10项、市级教学科研项目15项，获得省、市级科研奖励5项，公开出版学术专著、译著、教材28部，公开发表学术论文100余篇。
综合英语(4-6)4 课程编码： 21112037-38 试卷编号： A卷 20121206
5. The baby mice are at their weakest shortly after birth, when they are frequently attacked by birds of prey.A. most sensitiveB. best protectedC. most defensiveD. most vulnerable6. She confined herself to using the phone only once a day because the telephone bill had been so high.A. restrictedB. allowedC. controlledD. restrained7. Someone shouted“Fire!” and in the ensuing panic several people were injured.A. previousB. terribleC. suddenD. following8. They plan to walk to the South Pole, using sledges to haul their supplies as Scott had done.A. carryB. pullC. loadD. send9. This cream is used for healing minor cuts and bruises.A. fixingB. curingC. treatingD. dressing10. His proposals have been greeted with rage by his opponents.A. silenceB. welcomeC. cheersD. angerII. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.(10%)1. The essence of success is that there’s never enough of it to go round in a zero-sum game where one person’s winning must be offset by another’s losing, one person’s joy offset by another’s disappointment.2. To lose, to fail, to go under, to go broke – these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future.3. Rather, I hope to show you that your grade, taken at face value, is apt to be dangerously misleading, both to you and to others.4. With the possible exception of another world war,… global warming may be the single largest threat to our planet.5. To reduce the emission of heat-trapping gases … , use technologies that reduce the amount of emissions wherever possible, and protect the forests in the world.6. Word got around about“those pants of Levis’s”, and Strauss was in business.7. They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes: they are merely American.8. For two years he was a lowly peddler, hauling some 180 pounds of sundries door to door to eke out a marginal living.9. We must acknowledge what has happened, face up to the other person and say: “You did me wrong.”10. Let go of the past.III. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.(5%)irrelevant go around make a point of doing with the result correspond to rather be apt to flunk define shiftl. We may therefore an extrovert personality as one whose interests are mainly directed outwards to the external environment rather than inwards to the thoughts and feelings of the self.2. To recognize them is to recognize that social labels are basically _ and misleading.3. Your performance is generally assumed to the knowledge you have acquired and will retain.4. Oddly enough, the men whom he did not resent it.5. Carnegie considered that the distribution of wealth for the benefit of society must never be in the form of free charity but must be as a support to the community’s responsibility for its own people.IV. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase takenfrom the box in its appropriate form.(5%)favor chop off get around break up seek after be engaged inconvert into stand up to confine to run out ofl. In the 1930s the Bauhaus school tended to :’the scientific and technological approach to art.2. He was much on account of his wide reading and brilliant conversational powers．3. The police were instructed to the demonstration against the government.4. It is a robust little car that will a lot of rough handling.5. We had to eat instant noodles for supper because we _ rice.V. Write in each space cone word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word or Provide in each space the full form for each shortened form.(12%)l. interfere2. transcend3. circumstances4. misuse5. control6. antibiotic7. permit8. parallel9. company1. WTO2. WHO3. UNESCOVI. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.(8%)l. Her natural good sense was improved by the (peruse) of the best books. 2. Efforts to reach the injured men have been (intense) because of a sudden deterioration of weather conditions.3. I knew he deserved to be punished but making him stay in every night for a year isa little (excess) .4. Scottish names are common in America because of the (emigrate) of many people from Scotland in the 19th century.5.Some wildly (exaggerate) claims have been made about this so-called”wonder-drug”.6. Freud’s approach to the analysis of dreams is highly (compel).7. We have yet to hear any (acknowledge) from them that a problem actually exists.8. The survey showed that women were paid at lower rates than men and had less chance of (promote) .VII. Translate the following into English, using the words or phrases given in the blanks.(20%)1．损失是由于他疏忽大意造成的，为此他必须受到惩罚。
综合英语(4-6)4 课程编码： 21112037-38 试卷编号： B卷 20121206
A. specifyB. analyzeC. discussD. guess6. We sat on the edge of the pool with our legs dangling in the water.A. soakingB. treadingC. bathingD. hanging7. She pacified her friend by saying she was late because she’d been choosing a present for him.A. cheatedB. coaxedC. calmedD. consoled8. Miller was critical of the way in which the company conducted its business.A. was againstB. was forC. appreciatedD. found fault with9. Unless the reporter’s recommendations are implemented soon, the future for the company could be bleak indeed.A. suggestionsB. opinionsC. intentionsD. plans10. Having been stripped of all his titles, the politician disappeared from public life.A. deniedB. grantedC. awardedD. taken offII. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.（10%）1. The level of your proficiency has been determined by your performance of rather conventional tasks …2. But they are important; crucially so, because they are always in short supply.3. In essence, these gases are trapping excess heat in the Earth’s atmosphere in much the same way that a windshield traps solar energy that enters a car.4. We are also advocating policies that will combat global warming over the long term.5. … things like using clean cars that run on alternative fuels, environmentally responsible renewable energy technologies, and stopping the clear-cutting of valuable forests.6. When a married sister … in 1850, he jumped at the opportunity, taking with him bolts of canvas he hoped to sell for tenting.7. With sales largely confined to the working people of the West–cowboys, lumberjacks, railroad workers, and the like.8. Some say that forgiveness is unjust because the wrongdoer should not be let off the hook.9. Gandhi was right: If we all lived by the ”eye for an eye” brand of justice, the whole world will be blind.10. We must finally be reconciled with our foe, lest we both perish in the vicious circle of hatredIII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.（5%）emission consciousness threat curb peruse deserve come up with make a trip focus fendl. You must try to your mind on work and study.2. If you were asked to list people who are generally admired by society, who somehow seem bigger than life, you might _ an entirely different list.3. Heroes and heroines are men and women recognized for shaping our nation’s and development as well as the lives of those who admire them.4. The most serious to European unity is the tendency of some states to pursue their own national interest.5. The Chinese team _ to win the championship – they played much better than any of the other teams.IV. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.（5%）worth reconcile guidelines recommendation compel let off the hook promote strip of vicious circle keep under control l. For your own safety, try to follow these basic when out in a boat.2. The young army officer was to the rank of captain.3. Although they are prepared to be with each other, neither is willing to make the first move.4. More and more teenagers are caught in a of drug addiction and crime.5. I have no intention of looking for Mike, but by the time I was passing that street it really seemed that there was nothing else in the world that was doing.V. Write in each space cone word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word or Provide in each space the full form for each shortened form.（12%）l. centigrade2. kilogram3. catalogue4. supervise5. submarine6. surface7. outlive8. subject9. produce1. UK2. SARS3. RSVPVI. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.（8%）1. Theories of the origin of life are partly (speculate), since there is so little direct evidence available.2. This is a book that contains an (abundant) of valuable information.3. The parliamentary system has proved highly (adapt) to changing circumstances.4. His sudden (convert) to that movement may make the voters suspicious.5. The town’s (prosper) comes from the textile industry.6. There was no hope of a (reconcile) between the families.7. After weeks of discussion the two sides have reached a (mutual) acceptable settlement.8.It is (encourage) that so many young players are coming into the team.VII. Translate the following into English, using the words or phrases given in the blanks.（20%）1．我们必须勇于承担责任，而不应设法逃避。