法律英语的翻译
法律英语翻译
Legal English (revised version for the students)Ch.1 The Main Features of Legal English一、法律英语的英译：David Mellinkoff（加州大学洛杉矶分校法学院教授）：《The Language of the Law》19631.legal English---Lawful EnglishLegal parlance（说法、用语）/legal lingo（行话、隐语）/legal jargon（行话、黑话）/legalese( 法律八股文)/language of jurisprudence(法理语言)2. the English Language of the Law or shortened as “the language of the law”3. 法律英语与法学英语二、法律英语的范围：是否凡是涉及法律的英语（词汇、表达方法、句子结构……）都是法律英语？英美法学界所公认的法律英语主要是指普通法国家（common-law countries）的法律人所用的习惯语言（customary language），包括某些词汇、短语，或具有特色的一些表达方法(mode of expressions)。
三、法律英语的主要特点：I. precise or exact (准确)正常情况下，起草法律文件时，用词造句务必十分精准（with great exactness），因为一旦笔者的思想、观点、企图落实成文字，即成为法庭判断是非的重要依据，因为按严格解释原则(principle of strict construction)或唯名论原则(principle of nominalism)，尽管实践中还存在推测意图原则(principle of presumed intent)，但其不占主导地位，书面文字仍然是法官解释法律文件的唯一依据。
法律英语用词：ADJOURNMENT
法律英语用词：ADJOURNMENT英汉-汉英词典是做翻译或传译的必备工作伴侣。
不过，在传译的过程中，会偶尔遇到一些单词在翻译上是不可参照英汉词典的。
其中一个例子就是Adjournment。
在许多法律英汉/汉英词典都把adjournment翻译作“休庭”。
其实，也许有些律师会把“休庭”理解为“押后”或“延期”。
事实上，休庭不是一个太恰当的翻译。
思其义，“休庭”就是“法庭休息”，不审理案子的意思。
但是，adjournment是一种postponement。
换言之，该词表达的是某种事情的延后或者押后。
在法院里所用的adjournment, 是指案件押后或者延期再审理(或聆询)，比如“The court will adjourn this case to next Tuesday.”或“Case adjourned to Tuesday”。
如果把 adjournment 翻译为“休庭”，那是误导的。
因为在法院里，如果提到adjournment，所指的是案子的延期、押后，择日继续审理或议论。
例如，在初审法院里，法官准许adjournment后，各方开始退下;接下来，法官并不是退庭休息，而是继续审理其他的案件。
“休庭”，应该是court in recess或者俗话中的“The court(courtroom) is down.”。
曾经有位法院传译员与我分享她的亲身经历。
当法官说“Adjourned”的时候，该传译员想起她看到的词典译意，于是告诉她身旁的华人被告说“休庭”。
当时身旁的被告很紧张，愣着问：“我的案件就到此为止了?法官不审了?”结果，该传译员连忙改口说：“法官说的是案件押后再审” 。
听到这话，被告方才松了口气，连忙说“谢谢”。
因此，adjournment这个单词应该翻译为“押后”或者“延后”，甚或“(案件)押后”，而不该翻译为“休庭”。
法律英语词汇大全(完美打印版)
法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law;precedent 普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system衡平法equity;law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamentalprinciples of civil law平等原则principle ofequality自愿原则principle of freewill公平原则principle ofjustice等价有偿原则principle ofequal value exchange诚实信用原则principle ofgood faith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civilright绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claimfor real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claimingcancellation否认权right of claimingcancellation解除权right ofrenouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentaryright of defense永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-argument right不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defenseright of simultaneousperformance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusiveright人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life andhealth姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right ofprivacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power;parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection ofright公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard ofsociety无责任行为irresponsibleright正当防卫justifiable right;ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds;consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person 自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property ofpartnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal frompartnership合伙企业partnershipbusiness establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership oflegal person特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleepingpartnership;dormantpartnership私营企业private enterprise;proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body ofenterprise企业集团group ofenterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individualbusiness establishment国有独资企业solelystate-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreignjoint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreigncontractual enterprise社团法人legal body ofmass organization财团法人legal body offinancial group联营joint venture法人型联营association oflegal persons合伙型联营coordinatedmanagement in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legalact单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateralcivil legal act多方民事法律行为joint actcivil legal act有偿民事法律行为civillegal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civillegal act withoutconsideration;civil legal actwithout award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formalcivil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principalcivil legal act从民事法律行为accessorycivil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civillegal act with term生前民事法律行为civillegal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney 代理行为act of agency委托代理agency bymandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency byestoppel;apparent agency律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书generalpower of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission;brokerhouse信托trust时效time limit;prescription;limitation时效中止suspension ofprescription/limitation时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extension oflimitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终止lapse of time;termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civilrelations with foreignelements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law;governing law反致renvoi;remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve ofpublic order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civilliability/responsibility行政责任administrativeliability/responsibility刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility违约责任liability of breachof contract;responsibility ofdefault有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任joint and severalliability过失责任liability fornegligence;negligentliability过错责任fault liability;liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’sfault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith;malice故意deliberate intention;intention;willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失carelessand inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligencewith undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance;removal of obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state 赔偿损失compensate for a loss;indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem;right in rem;real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing,One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right inrem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material forproduction生活资料means oflivelihood;means ofsubsistence流通物res in commercium;a thing in commerce限制流通物limitedmerchantable thing禁止流通物res extracommercium;a thing out ofcommerce资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset;floating asset动产movables;chattel不动产immovable;realestate特定物res certae;a certainthing种类物genus;indefinitething可分物res divisibiles;divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles;indivisible things主物res capitalis;aprincipal thing从物res accessoria;anaccessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia;vacantgoods;ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna;hiddenproperty货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification ofright in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria;right of full ownership所有权dominium;ownership;title所有权凭证document oftitle;title of ownership占有权dominium utile;equitable ownership使用权right of use;right touse of收益权right to earnings;right to yields处分权right of disposing;jus dispodendi善意占有possession ingood faith恶意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right forusufruct使用权right to use;right ofuse土地使用权right to the useof land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority;power of management承包经营权right tocontracted management相邻权neighboring right;relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum;right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract地役权servitude;easement 人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing 物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation;right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque;pledge;right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam;rightto give or procure;claim;creditor’s right债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart;offeree给付give;pay债务debt;liability;obligation债务的偿还payment ofdebt债务的偿清discharge ofdebt债务的担保guarantee ofdebt债务的合并consolidationof debt债务的给付日期debtmaturity债务的免除exemption ofdebt债的分类obligatio;obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntaryobligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternativeobligation主债prime/principalobligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefiniteobligation合同之债contractualobligation侵权行为之债tortobligation损害赔偿之债obligation ofcompensation for injury;obligation of damages人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritualdamage医药费hospital treatmentexpense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee ofobligation财产担保propertyguarantee信用担保credit guarantee让与担保alienationguarantee保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract ofguaranty/suretyship保证金guaranty bond;security deposit押金deposit;foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money;deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidateddamages by law约定违约金liquidateddamages by agreement债的履行performance ofobligation实际履行原则doctrine ofspecific performance情事变更原则doctrine ofchange of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge;satisfaction 提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment优先权原则a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner 创作creation作品opus;product;work著作人格权right of personality of copyright发表权right of publication 署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall;right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense 著作财产权property right in work 使用收益分享权right toshare usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to getpayment重播权right ofrebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权right ofmechanograph;right ofmechanical reproduction著作邻接权neighboringright of copyright剽窃plagiary;plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge工业产权industrialproperty专利权patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则priorapplication rule使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造invention andcreation实用新型utility model外观设计design;industrialdesign发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery专利申请patent application专利异议objection to apatent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee ofpatent专利许可协议patentlicensing agreement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate ofpatent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’sRepublic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册internationalregistration of trademark商品商标commoditytrademark服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark广告商标advertisementtrademark近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会tradereview and appraisal board商标审查trademarkexamination商标侵权trademarkinfringement商标注册registeredtrademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registeredtrademark注册商标转让assignmentof registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensingagreement商标事务所trademarkoffice商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage,family,inheritance,adoption婚姻法marital law;marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property 重婚bigamy独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro;divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties婚姻登记marriage registration婚生子女ligitimate child计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements配偶spouse事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation探视权visitation right同居cohabitation晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement一夫一妻制monogamy 早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural bloodrelation收养法adoption law收养协议adoptionagreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institutionplacing out a child foradoption涉外收养adoption withforeign elements继承法inheritance law;lawof succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestatesuccession遗赠继承succession bydevise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation;succession by subrogation世袭继承hereditarysuccession间接继承indirectsuccession转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir;successor第二顺序继承人successorsecond in order第一顺序继承人successorfirst in order继承参与人successionparticipant遗产inheritance;heritage遗产继承人heir to property;inheritor遗言last will and testament遗书last words遗赠bequest;legacy;devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement会计法accounting law税法tax law;taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfaircompetition law消费者权益保护法consumer’s interestprotection law产品责任法productionliability law消费者权益法consumerrights and interests law公司法company law;corporate law公司company;corporation有限责任公司limitedliability company股份有限公司companylimited by shares无限公司unlimitedcompany股份两合公司joint stocklimited liability partnership两合公司joint liabilitycompany控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venturecompany联营公司associatedcompany;affiliated company国营公司state-owncompany国有公司state-ownedcompany民营公司civilian-runcompany本国公司national/domesticcompany外国公司foreign company上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company;fundless company 募集设立incorporation by stock floatation发起人floater;initiator公司名称name of company 公司住址domicile of company出资contribution;capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements注册资本registered capital 实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association;articles of incorporation;bylaw公司登记incorporation;corporate registration公司存续existence ofcompany公司合并分立merger andsplit of company公司并购corporate mergerand acquisition公司管理corporategovernance;companymanagement公司法律顾问corporatecounsel公司整顿companyrectification公司歇业closure ofbusiness公司和解companycomposition公司解散companydissolution公司清算companyliquidation公司清理companywinding-up竞业禁止non-commpete;competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution ofshareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule ofprocedure of shareholders’meeting表决权voting right;right tovote董事director董事长president/chairmanof the board首席执行官chief executiveofficer(CEO)首席运营官chief operationofficer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system ofthe chief executive officerunder the leadership of theboard of directors经理独立负责制managerindependent responsibilitysystem监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股share;stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock with votingpower溢价股premium stock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock;dividendstock法定公积金legalaccumulation fund资本公积金capitalaccumulation fund盈余公积金surplusaccumulation fund任意公积金optionalaccumulation fund公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue证券交易所stock exchange 证券商securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system 交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会securities supervision committee票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes;bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill;commercial instrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order;note to order不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue 发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act oncommercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer oncommercial instrument票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人billpledgee/warrantee再追索人renewedrecourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill;tenor票据债务人debtor ofcommercial instrument追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription ofexchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term ofbenevolence票据代理agency fornotes/bills/commercialinstruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certificate ofregistry;certificate of ship’snationality船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificateof ship ownership船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull船舶保险单hull insurancepolicy船舶登记证书certificate ofregistry船舶丈量tonnagemeasurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering船舶转租shipsubchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities ofship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classificationsociety船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritimemortgage海上优先请求权priorityclaim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claimto salvage共同海损优先权priorityclaim to general average服务优先权priority claimto service货物损害优先权priorityclaim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit海运合同shipping contract 提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party;time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party;bareboat CP 包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute 海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision 海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritimedisputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritimeattachment海事优先请求权preferential right topmaritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition formaritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instrumentsin maritimeaction/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritimeaction involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of thedistrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules ofmaritime arbitrationprocedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntaryinsurance强制保险compulsoryinsurance商业保险commercialinsurance财产保险propertyinsurance人身保险personalinsurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accidentinsurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowmentinsurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemploymentinsurance信用保险credit insurance保证保险guarantyinsurance保险合同insurance contract保险人insurer;underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant forinsurance;;policy holder保险单insurance policy保险标的insurance object保险费premium保险期限time limit ofinsurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance;insurance compensation保险事故insuranceaccident保险赔偿insuranceindemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurancebroker索赔claim代位索赔claim bysubrogation理赔settlement of claim代位求偿权right ofsubrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging ofinsurance。
法律英语词汇解释
法律英语词语用法区别英语中原本没有所谓法律英语，但由于有关法律方面的英语有其特殊的用法和规律，慢慢地就像科技英语、商业英语等一样，自成一门学科。
法律英语不同于“法言法语”(legal terms)，而是跨越英语与法律之间的边缘学科，所以有人将法律英语译为English for the prdession。
许多地区，比如上海等地，还为此成立专门的培训机构。
由于英汉语言习惯的不同，加上长期以来约定俗成的用法的影响，法律英语中常常出现一些容易混淆或错用的词语，在中英互译中常会发生一些有趣的语言现象。
本文就是想以比较轻松的漫谈方式，与读者作一些共同探讨，以引起广大读者对法律英语的兴趣。
China, China's 和Chinese作定语时大有区别这三个词都可以作定语用，译成“中国的”，但其含义却有很大区别。
如China law firms是指“在中国的律师事务所”，未必是中国人开的，它应包括获准在中国设立的“外国律师事务所”(foreign law firms)。
若指中国律师开的律师事务所，应用Chinese law firms。
在法律文书中，这很有讲究。
在WTO法律文件中，如“中国经济的特性”(the special characteristic of China's economy)；“中国的关税配额制度”(China's TRO system)；“中国的具体承诺减让表”((China's Schedule of Specific Commitments)；“中国专利法”(China's Patent Law)等用语中，几乎都用China's而不用Chinese。
但着重“中国人的”意义时，应该用Chinese。
如“中方”(Chinese side)；“中国人”(Chinese nationals)；“中国政府”(Chinese government)；“中国执业律师”(Chinese national regis-tered lawyers)。
法律英语的特点
法律英语的特点法律英语的特点一、法律英语的概念法律英语（Legal English），在英语国家中被称为Legal Language 或Language of the Ｌaw，即法律语言，在英语中指表述法律科学概念以及诉讼或非诉讼法律事务时所用的语种或某一语种的部分用语。
从此概念可以看出，法律英语所使用的语言不仅是英语本身，还包括其它语种，如法语、拉丁文等。
二、法律英语的语言特点法律英语作为专业英语（ＥＳＰ）的分支学科之一，具有ＥＳＰ的一般特点：１课程设置是为满足学习者的特定需要；２采用所服务的专业学科的教学研究方法和活动组织方式；３学习重点在于与该专业相适应的语言（语法、词汇、语域）、技巧、语篇以及体裁；4 材料的真实性，即材料来于立法文件、司法文件以及法学家的论著。
法律英语是法律科学与英语语言学间交叉学科研究的结晶，因此其研究应从两个视角进行探析。
一方面，按照法律的观点、方法以及法律规范、法律文书的特殊需要来研究英语在法学理论及实践中的运用；另一方面，运用语言学，尤其是应用语言学的基本原理和方法研究法律科学和法律实践的英语语言特点。
法律英语具有以下语言特点：词汇特点一、准确用词与模糊语言的同时出现法律语言，尤其是立法语言常把准确性与模糊性这一矛盾纳入同一法律规范。
根据严格解释原则，在适用法律时，书面文字是法官解释法律文件的唯一依据，因此法律语言用词造句必须十分准确。
法律语言尤其是立法语言中很少使用描绘性形容词，而且对表示时间、范围、程度等副词使用极为严格，为了避免不必要的歧义。
同时，为了追求语意确切、论证周详，法律语言中常使用同义、近义词,如《香港刑法摘要》（D igest of Hong Kong Criminal Law）第八章关于“参加暴动并阻碍船舶、飞机、或者铁路列车罪”中规定“It is an offence for any perso n taking part in a riot to unlawfully and with force (a)prevent , hinder or obstruct ,or attempt to prevent, hinder, or obstruct, t he loading or unloading, or the movement of ; or (b)board, or attempt to board with intent to do so ; any motor vehicle ,tra mcar ,aircraft ,train or vessel . 然而在现实中，有许多案子是由于对法律文字的理解不一造成的，这就有赖于法官在具体案件中对法律条文进行解释。
法律英语翻译-3
Criminal LawCriminal Law, branch of law that defines crimes, establishes punishments, and regulates the investigation and prosecution of people accused of committing crimes. Criminal Law includes both substantive law, and criminal procedure, which regulates the implementation and enforcement of substantive criminal law.Give the corresponding translation of each of the following terms.•司法权•writ of certiorari•开庭•Circuit court•求偿法院•petition•仲裁者•felony•上诉法院•conviction•轻罪•legal consequence •严格责任•mistake of fact •未成年人•crime of negligence •民事损害赔偿•material matter •动机•specific intent •犯意•Put the following terms into Chinese:•grading systems•first degree murder•retributive sentence•aggravated assault•peremptory challenges•presumption of innocence•case at bar•case of first impression•verdict of acquittal•verdict of guilty•Translate the following sentences into Chinese• 1. Under Model Penal Code, intent has the meaning as follows: a person acts with intent with respect to a material element when (1)if the element involves the nature of his conduc or a result thereof, it is his conscious object to engage in conduct of that nature or to cause such a result; and (2) if the element involves the attendant circumstances, he is aware of the existence of such circumstances or he believes or hopes that they exist.•根据《标准刑法典》的规定，故意的意思是：当（1）若一个要件含有行为人行为的性质或结果，他的主观目的则是从事该性质的行为或造成该结果；以及（2）若一个要件含有若干伴随情形，他则意识到该等情形的存在并且相信或希望该等情形存在时，一个人的行为构成针对一重要要件的行为意图。
法律英语
1 legal system 法律只大幅或法律体系或法系2 national characteristics 国民特征：民族特性3 binding interpretation 有约束力的（法律）解释4 writ upon the case 本（个）案令状，即法院就具体案件所颁布的令状5 Court of Chancery 衡平法院6 compensatory damages 金钱赔偿7 injunction 强制令8 judicial acceptance 司法接纳（即通过判例法的方式接受）9 legal profession 法律职业或律师职业或律师界10 practice law 开业做律师，从事律师业务，律师执业11 advocacy 出庭辩护，代理诉讼12 house counsel（corporate counsel）专职律师顾问，指受雇于某公司企业而非独立开业的律师13 peripheral subject 边缘学科14 clinical education 诊所式教育15 kind of playground or Finnishing school for learning the social art of self presentation as a lawyer 一种学习作为律师应该具备的自我表现社会艺术的操练场或精修学校16 interdisciplinary context 交叉学科的背景17 condescension towards perceived inferiors and defence towards perceived superiors俯就被认为地位低的人而遵从被认为地位高的人18 elite law school 精英法学院19 judicial system 司法系统（制度），法院系统20 coordinate 并列存在的系统21 two-tiered system 两级（审判）体制22 should he lose ，there are two levels of appeal at hich he ultimately may succed 如果他败诉了，那么还有两级上诉，而他最终有可能在上诉中胜诉23 discretionary 属于自由裁量权的（意指最高法院有权决定对哪些上诉案件进行审理）24 judicial district 司法管辖区25 popular vote 民众选举普选26 gross misconduct 严重的过错行为27 doctrine of constitutional supermacy 宪法至上原则28 fundamental law 基本法29 malfeasance 渎职行为（罪）30 process of impeachment 弹劾程序31 drastic measure 严厉措施32 Subjects on which the legislative branch can make laws are set out in considerable detal,although over the years judicial decisions have expanded the scope of congressional activity. （联邦宪法中）相当详细的列举了立法部门可以制定法律的事项，尽管多年来的司法决定以拓展了国会（立法）活动的范围。
(完整版)法律英语词汇大全(
法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law 公序良俗publicorder and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil lawsystem英美法系system ofAnglo-American law大陆法系civil lawsystem普通法common law大陆法continentallaw罗马法系Romanlaw system衡平法equity; lawof equity日尔曼法Germanticlaw教会法ecclesiasticallaw寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamiclaw民法法律规范normof civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbiddingnorm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamentalprinciples of civil law平等原则principleof equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawful act 违法行为unlawful act民事权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right 优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedentright救济权right of relief支配权right ofdominion请求权right ofclaim物上请求权right ofclaim for real thing形成权right offormation撤销权right ofclaiming cancellation否认权right ofclaiming cancellation解除权right ofrenouncement代位权subrogatedright选择权right ofchoice承认权right ofadmission终止权right oftermination抗辩权right ofdefense一时性抗辩权momentary right ofdefense永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-argumentright不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argumentright同时履行抗辩权defense right ofsimultaneousperformance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right 人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right ofprivacy私生活秘密权rightof privacy贞操权virginityright身份权right ofstatus亲权parental power;parental right亲属权right ofrelative探视权visitationright配偶权right ofspouse荣誉权right ofhonor权利的保护protection of right公力救济publicprotection私力救济self-protection权利本位standardof right社会本位standardof society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiableright; ligitimatedefence防卫行为act ofdefence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act ofrescue; necessity自助行为act ofself-help不可抗力forcemajeure意外事件accident 行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection 自治产人minor whois capable ofadministering hisown capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdictedperson自然人naturalperson公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwellingplace户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding ruralhousehold合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnershipagreement合伙财产propertyof partnership合伙债务debt ofpartnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawalfrom partnership合伙企业partnership businessestablishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legalperson特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-ownedenterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign jointventure enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreigncontractual enterprise社团法人legal bodyof mass organization财团法人legal bodyof financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legalpersons合伙型联营coordinatedmanagement inpartnership协作型联营cooperation-typecoordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行为civillegal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legalact双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legalact多方民事法律行为joint act civil legalact有偿民事法律行为civil legal act withconsideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act withoutconsideration; civillegal act without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act 不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legalact附条件民事法律行为conditional civillegal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal actwith term生前民事法律行为civil legal act beforedeath死后民事法律行为civil legal act afterdeath准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffectiveact可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act;unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危takingadvantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal formconcealing illegalintention恶意串通maliciouscollaboration重大误解grossmisunderstanding显失公平obviousunjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal 受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent 再代理人subagent 转代理人subagent 代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency bymandate本代理originalagency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorizedagency表见代理agency byestoppel; apparentagency律师代理agency bylawyer普通代理generalagency全权代理generalagency全权代理委托书general power ofattorney共同代理jointagency独家代理soleagency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission;broker house信托trust时效time limit;prescription;limitation时效中止suspension ofprescription/limitation时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extensionof limitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification 公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legalliability民事责任civilliability/responsibility行政责任administrativeliability/responsibility刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility违约责任liability ofbreach of contract;responsibility ofdefault有限责任limitedliability无限责任unlimitedliability按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任joint andseveral liability过失责任liabilityfor negligence;negligent liability过错责任faultliability; liability forfault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixedfault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错thirdparty’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith;malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritualdamage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearingcivil liability停止侵害cease theinfringing act排除妨碍exclusionof hindrance; removalof obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitutionof property恢复原状restitution;restitution of originalstate赔偿损失compensate for a loss;indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidateddamage消除影响eliminateill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’sreputation赔礼道歉extend aformal apology物权jus ad rem;right in rem; realright物权制度real rightsystem; right in remsystem一物一权原则theprincipal of One thing,One Right物权法定主义principal of legalityof right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产asset 固定资产fixed asset流动资产currentasset; floating asset动产movables;chattel不动产immovable;real estate特定物res certae; acertain thing种类物genus;indefinite thing可分物resdivisibiles; divisiblethings不可分物resindivisibiles;indivisible things主物res capitalis; aprincipal thing从物res accessoria;an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息naturalfruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia;vacant goods;ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物driftingobject埋藏物fortuna;hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of rightin rem/real right自物权jus in repropria; right of fullownership所有权dominium;ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in realiena用益物权real rightfor usufruct使用权right to use;right of use土地使用权right tothe use of land林权forestownership采矿权miningownership经营权managerialauthority; power ofmanagement承包经营权right tocontractedmanagement相邻权neighboringright; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jusemphyteuticum; rightto landed estategranted in perpetuitythrough a contract地役权servitude;easement人役权servituspersonarum; personalservitude担保物权real rightfor security物的担保securityfor thing物的瑕疵担保warranty againstdefect of a thing抵押权hypotheca;hypothecation; rightto mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right tomortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee 抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistrationof estate undermortgage抵押物登记registration of estateunder mortgage抵押优先权priorityof mortgage留置权lien一般留置权generallien特别留置权speciallien质权hypotheque;pledge; right ofpledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam;right to give orprocure; claim;creditor’s right债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart;offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability;obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类obligatio;obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation主债prime/principal obligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation 合同之债contractual obligation侵权行为之债tortobligation损害赔偿之债obligation ofcompensation forinjury; obligation ofdamages人身损害damage toperson精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费hospitaltreatment expense医疗费medicalcharge抚恤金pension慰问金consolationmoney产品瑕疵defect ofproduct不当得利unjustenrichment无因管理voluntaryservice债的担保guaranteeof obligation财产担保propertyguarantee信用担保creditguarantee让与担保alienationguarantee保证guaranty明示保证expressguaranty默示保证impliedguaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract ofguaranty/suretyship保证金guarantybond; security deposit 押金deposit; foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidated damages by law约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change ofcircumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge;satisfaction提存debtor’ssubmission of thesubject matter ofobligation tocompetent authority抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护internationalprotection ofintellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of nationaltreatment优先权原则 a rightof priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automaticprotection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyrightowner创作creation作品opus; product;work著作人格权right ofpersonality ofcopyright发表权right ofpublication署名权right ofauthorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权right to maintain integrity 不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work 使用收益分享权right to share usufruct 利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment重播权right ofrebroadcasting录制权right offixation机械复制权right ofmechanograph; rightof mechanicalreproduction著作邻接权neighboring right ofcopyright剽窃plagiary;plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD piratedVCD伪造forge工业产权industrialproperty专利权patent right优先权日prioritydate申请在先原则priorapplication rule使用在先priority ofuse新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造inventionand creation实用新型utilitymodel外观设计design;industrial design发明权right ofinvention发现权right ofdiscovery专利申请patentapplication专利异议objectionto a patent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement技术诀窍know-how 专有技术know-how 专利证书certificate of patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册internationalregistration oftrademark商品商标commodity trademark服务商标servicetrademark驰名商标reputedtrademark广告商标advertisementtrademark近似商标similartrademark商标评审委员会trade review andappraisal board商标审查trademarkexamination商标侵权trademarkinfringement商标注册registeredtrademark商标公告trademarkgazette注册商标使用许可licensing ofregistered trademark注册商标转让assignment ofregistered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensingagreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademarkagency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage,family, inheritance,adoption婚姻法marital law;marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property重婚bigamy独生子女only child 法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property 夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage 感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization ofpostnuptial properties婚姻登记marriageregistration婚生子女ligitimatechild计划生育birthcontrol结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenarymarriage拟制血亲bloodrelations in fiction oflaw旁系血亲collateralrelation bloodrelation涉外婚姻marriagewith foreign elements配偶spouse事实婚de factomarriage诉讼离婚divorce bylitigation探视权visitationright同居cohabitation晚婚late marriage无效婚姻voidmarriage协议离婚divorce byagreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚early marriage直系血亲linealdescent自然血亲naturalblood relation收养法adoption law收养协议adoption agreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption 涉外收养adoption with foreign elements 继承法inheritance law; law of succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestate succession遗赠继承succession by devise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation; succession bysubrogation世袭继承hereditarysuccession间接继承indirectsuccession转继承subsuccession共同继承jointsuccession单独继承singlesuccession继承人heir;successor第二顺序继承人successor second inorder第一顺序继承人successor first inorder继承参与人succession participant遗产inheritance;heritage遗产继承人heir toproperty; inheritor遗言last will andtestament遗书last words遗赠bequest; legacy;devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-supportagreement会计法accountinglaw税法tax law;taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfaircompetition law消费者权益保护法consumer’s interestprotection law产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law公司company; corporation有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership 两合公司jointliability company控股公司holdingcompany集团公司groupcompany合资公司jointventure company联营公司associatedcompany; affiliatedcompany国营公司state-owncompany国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company本国公司national/domesticcompany外国公司foreigncompany上市公司listedcompany母公司parentcompany子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcasecompany; fundlesscompany募集设立incorporation bystock floatation发起人floater;initiator公司名称name ofcompany公司住址domicileof company出资contribution;capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements注册资本registered capital实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certifiedpublic accountant资本三原则threedoctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capitaldetermination资本维持原则doctrine of capitalmaintenance资本不变原则doctrine ofunchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capitalsystem公司章程articles ofassociation; articlesof incorporation;bylaw公司登记incorporation;corporate registration公司存续existenceof company公司合并分立merger and split ofcompany公司并购corporatemerger andacquisition公司管理corporategovernance; companymanagement公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿companyrectification公司歇业closure ofbusiness公司和解companycomposition公司解散companydissolution公司清算company liquidation公司清理company winding-up竞业禁止non-commpete; competition prohibition招股章程prospectus 股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’meeting表决权voting right;right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman ofthe board首席执行官chiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)首席运营官chiefoperationofficer(COO)执行董事executivedirector常务董事managingdirector董事会board ofdirectors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility systemof the chief executiveofficer under theleadership of theboard of directors经理独立负责制manager independentresponsibility system监事supervisor监事会board ofsupervisors股share; stock普通股commonstock特别股special stock资格股qualificationstock优先股preferredstock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock withvoting power溢价股premiumstock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金legal accumulation fund资本公积金capital accumulation fund盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund任意公积金optional accumulation fund公司犯罪corporatecrime证券法securitieslaw证券发行issuanceof securities证券上市listsecurities; float anissue证券交易所stockexchange证券商securitiesdealer证券公司securitiescompany证券承销商consortium ofunderwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosingsystem交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai StockExchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen StockExchange证券监督委员会securities supervisioncommittee票据法law ofnegotiable instrument票据notes; bills;commercialinstruments商业票据bill;commercialinstrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill 记名票据bill payable to order; note to order不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人billholder票据承兑人billacceptor票据行为act oncommercial paper承兑票据honor abill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest abill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payeron commercialinstrument票据收款人billcollector票据背书人endorser/indorser of abill被背书人endorsee票据保证人billguarantor票据被保证人billpledgee/warrantee再追索人renewedrecourser前手remote holder后手subsequentendorser票据权利right ofbill票据期限term ofbill; tenor票据债务人debtorof commercialinstrument追索权right ofrecourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill 票据时效prescription of exchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercia l instruments海商法maritime law 船舶国籍证书certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality船棋国flag country 船舶所有权证书certificate of shipownership船舶检验register ofship船舶保险insuranceon hull船舶保险单hullinsurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnagemeasurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押shipmortgage船舶租赁shipchartering船舶转租shipsubchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation ofliabilities of shipowners船舶碰撞shipcollision船舶遇难maritimedistress海上灾难perils ofthe sea海上拖航marinetowage船舶扣押detentionof ship船舶债权ship’scredit船级社classificationsociety船级证书certificateof class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权priority claim to general average服务优先权priority claim to service。
法律英语翻译
法律英语翻译-法律英语特点法律英语（Legal English）措辞严谨，句式冗长，结构复杂，甚至一句话能长达一篇文章。
在做好法律英语（Legal English）翻译（translation）之前，清楚认识法律英语（Legal English）的特点（characteristics）至关重要。
同样汉语中的法律用语也同样严谨，结构复杂，清楚的掌握两种语言的法律用语特点（characteristics）在翻译（translation）中会更加有章可循。
法律英语（Legal English）是以英语共同语为基础,在立法和司法等活动中形成和使用的具有法律专业特点（characteristics）的语言。
因此，在法律英语（Legal English）中不仅有众多的具有法律专门意义的特殊词汇（words）,而且由于规定人们权利和义务的法律、法令或契约等法律文书所表述的内容必须准确、严密、客观和规范，不容许丝毫的引伸、推理或抒发和表达感情，因而在法律英语（Legal English）中又形成了许多其特有的句法特点（characteristics），这些词法和句法特点（characteristics）在翻译（translation）过程中必须受到充分重视。
下面我们从词汇（words）、词类使用和句型结构三方面来考察法律英语（Legal English）的文体（style）特点（characteristics）：一、法律英语（Legal English）的文体（style）特点（characteristics）之一：法律英语（Legal English）词汇（words）1.1法律英语（Legal English）用词特点（characteristics）：庄重、规范、书面语较多法律是掌握国家政权的阶级、集团的意志体现,它有鲜明的政策性,权威性。
为了维护法律的严肃性,法律、法规遣词造句力求准确,用词正式,语意严谨。
法律英语参考译文 完整版Lesson1-16
当然，对法律编纂的目标也有回应。倡导法典编纂者认为这会使法律的确定 性，统一和系统的法律记载更有可能，而反对者声称法典编纂会导致法律僵化。
普通法 普通法构成了历史作为英国领地和英国殖民地国家的主要法律。它
市民法是世界盛行的法律体系，它源于罗马法，没有详尽的规则系统，通常 是法典式的，它被法官应用和解释。然而，现代法律系统是 19 世界法典编纂运 动的派生物，在那期间大多数重要法定（尤其是拿破仑法典和德国民法典）诞生 了。
市民法以罗马法为基础，尤其是《查士丁尼民法大全》，后来在中世纪由中 世纪的法官发展。对罗马法的吸收接纳，不同国家有不同的特点。在一些国家， 它的影响来自于立法机关的法令，亦即罗马法成为有建设性的法律。而在另一些 国家，罗马法则在法律理论家主张的审核程式上被接受。
于，来源于 live under 在……统治下生活）
普通法和制定法存在于美国法律制度中。在历史发展进程中，法律的某些部 门几乎不由制定法所控制，而是由司法判决所控制。例如，合同法大部分内容就 是在英国法律制度的演进中由普通法的法官发展出来的。当然，这并不意味着这 一法律部门就不存在立法。立法机关实际上也制定涵盖合同内容的法律，立法广
法由规则的全部所组成。这些全部的规则在构建的政府机关下被适应、被执 行，以确定什么样的行为是正确的、什么样的行为是可被允许的、以及什么样的 行为是应被否定或惩罚的。
没有法律，社会就会处于无政府状态。法律是社会赖以生存的手段，它提供 个人保障，它建立制度和维持社会秩序、保持社会秩序、保证社会健康和安全， 它提供一个和平解决争端的方式，它维持人与人之间在经济关系中的稳定性和灵 活性，以及它禁止对社会有破坏性的行为。规章制度反映其所实施的社会和时代。 法律的发展是符合实际的，它在其日常运作中随着社会对合理性和灵活性的需求 而发展。
法律英语翻译
2. 频繁使用当代普通英语极少使用的 古旧词汇；
（译文）只要本保单符合本合同所设定的条件和备 忘录的内容，且该条件和备忘录作为保单的一部分， 而被保险人的所作所为遵守本保单约定的时间和条 款，这一点是本合同的实质所在，同时也是被保险 人承担本保单责任的先决条件。
here words: hereafter, hereby, herein, hereinafter, hereinbefore, hereunder;
立法文件（legislative documentation）；
司法文件（judicial documentation）；
律师文书（documents prepared by lawyers）；
法律、法规、条例、规章； 判决、裁定；
合同、协议、律师意见、案例等 等。
“庄重的” (solemn)； “刻板的” (rigid)；
1.结构复杂的长句
If, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method or implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule,
法律英语 prior to
法律英语第一课翻译。
法律英语第一课翻译引言法律英语是指在法律领域使用的英语专业术语和表达方式。
随着全球化的推进，法律界对于英语专业人士的需求逐渐增加。
本文将介绍法律英语的基本概念和常用词汇，帮助读者理解和翻译法律文件。
法律英语的基本概念法律英语是法律体系中的一项重要内容，包括法律文件的起草、翻译和解释等。
在法律英语中，准确性和专业性是非常重要的原则。
法律文件的翻译需要注意保持原文意思的准确性，并确保译文符合法律的规定。
常见法律英语词汇下面列举了一些常见的法律英语词汇及其翻译：w - 法律2.Legal - 法律的3.Contract - 合同4.Agreement - 协议5.Plaintiff - 原告6.Defendant - 被告7.Judgment - 判决8.Court - 法院9.Evidence - 证据10.Witness - 证人这些词汇是法律文件中经常出现的，熟悉这些词汇对于正确理解和翻译法律文件至关重要。
法律英语的翻译技巧在翻译法律文件时，以下几点技巧可以帮助提高翻译质量：1.精确无误的翻译法律文件非常重要。
一些术语的错误翻译可能导致法律文件的失效，因此需要对法律术语进行深入理解并保持准确性。
2.翻译法律文件时要注重上下文的理解。
有时直译法律术语可能不合适，需要根据文件的整体内容进行适当的调整和解释。
3.参考专业的法律词典和资料是翻译法律文件的重要工具。
法律词典能够提供准确的翻译和解释，确保翻译的准确性。
4.在翻译过程中，要注意语言的简明扼要。
法律文件通常需要清晰、简洁的表达，避免使用过于复杂或晦涩的词汇。
结论法律英语作为一门专业领域，对于法律文件的翻译具有重要意义。
准确、专业的翻译能够保证法律文件的有效性，并为法律实践提供帮助。
本文介绍了法律英语的基本概念、常见词汇和翻译技巧，希望对读者理解和翻译法律文件有所帮助。
参考文献 - Smith, J. (2010). Legal English: How to Understand and Master the Language of Law. Routledge.。
法律英语词汇：International law 国际法
法律英语词汇：International law 国际法法律英语词汇：International law 国际法由站整理。
1. A state alone can perform acts of sovereignty on its territory.只有国家才能在本人的领土上行使主权行为。
2. Being sovereign and equal to others，a state has certain rights and corresponding duties.作为独立、平等的主权国家，既享有某些权利，也承担相应的义务。
3. Both sides claimed the other side broke the peace agreement.双方都声称对方破坏了和平协议。
4. Every state has the duty to refrain from use of force against the territorial integrity of any other state.任何国家都负有不得使用武力进犯别国领土完好的责任。
5. He claimed diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.为了防止被捕，他声称享有外交豁免权。
6. His passport is out of date.他的护照已过期。
7. Illegal immigrants are deported.非法移民要被驱逐出境。
8. One of the most flagrant of infringement of independence of States is intervention.公然进犯国家独立的行为之一是干预。
9. Public international law has been regarded as a system of principles and rules designed to govern relations between sovereign states.国际公法不断被视为是调整主权国关系的一套原那么和规那么。
法律英语词汇大全(完美打印版)
法律渊源sourceoflaw制定法statute判例法caselaw;precedent普通法commonlaw私法公法publiclaw市民法juscivile万民法jusgentium民法法系civillawsystem英美法系systemofAnglo-Americanlaw大陆法系civillawsystem普通法commonlaw大陆法continentallaw罗马法系Romanlawsystem衡平法equity;lawofequity等价有偿原则principleofequalvalueexchange 诚实信用原则principleofgoodfaith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawfulact违法行为unlawfulact民事权利权利能力civilright绝对权absoluteright相对权relativeright原权承认权rightofadmission终止权rightoftermination抗辩权rightofdefense一时性抗辩权momentaryrightofdefense永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-argumentright不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argumentright同时履行抗辩权defenserightofsimultaneousperformance 既得权testedright期待权expectantright专属权exclusiveright人权身份权rightofstatus亲权parentalpower;parentalright亲属权rightofrelative探视权visitationright配偶权rightofspouse荣誉权rightofhonor权利的保护protectionofright公力救济publicprotection私力救济self-protection权利本位standardofright意思表示一致meetingofminds;consensus 完全行为能力perfectcapacityforact限制行为能力restrictivecapacityforact 准禁治产人quasi-interdictedperson保佐protection自治产人minorwhoiscapableofadministeringhisowncapacity 无行为能力incapacityforact禁治产人interdictedperson自然人naturalperson公民citizen住所居所户籍监护合伙入伙退伙withdrawalfrompartnership合伙企业partnershipbusinessestablishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnershipoflegalperson特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civilpartnership隐名合伙sleepingpartnership;dormantpartnership 私营企业privateenterprise;proprietorship法人联营协作型联营cooperation-typecoordinatedmanagement 合作社cooperative民事法律行为civillegalact单方民事法律行为unilateralcivillegalact双方民事法律行为bilateralcivillegalact多方民事法律行为jointactcivillegalact有偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithconsideration无偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithoutconsideration;civillegalactwithoutaward实践性民事法律行为practicalcivillegalact无效行为ineffectiveact可撤销民事行为revocablecivilact违法行为illegalact;unlawfulact侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危takingadvantageofothers’precariousposition以合法形式掩盖非法目的legalformconcealingillegalintention 恶意串通maliciouscollaboration重大误解grossmisunderstanding误传代理本人转代理人subagent代理权rightofagency授权行为actofauthorization授权委托书powerofattorney代理行为actofagency委托代理agencybymandate本代理originalagency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorizedagency居间行纪信托时效时效中断interruptionoflimitation/prescription 时效延长extensionoflimitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终止lapseoftime;terminationofprescription 期日date期间term涉外民事关系civilrelationswithforeignelements冲突规范ruleofconflict准据法applicablelaw;governinglaw反致renvoi;remission转致识别国籍按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任jointandseveralliability过失责任liabilityfornegligence;negligentliability 过错责任faultliability;liabilityforfault单独过错solefault共同过错jointfault混合过错mixedfault被害人过错victim’sfault第三人过错thirdparty’sfault推定过错presumptivefault恶意故意过失停止侵害ceasetheinfringingact排除妨碍exclusionofhindrance;removalofobstacle 消除危险eliminationofdanger返还财产restitutionofproperty恢复原状restitution;restitutionoforiginalstate赔偿损失compensateforaloss;indemnifyforaloss 支付违约金paymentofliquidateddamage消除影响eliminateilleffects恢复名誉rehabilitateone’sreputation赔礼道歉extendaformalapology物权物资产固定资产fixedasset流动资产currentasset;floatingasset动产movables;chattel不动产immovable;realestate特定物rescertae;acertainthing种类物genus;indefinitething可分物resdivisibiles;divisiblethings不可分物resindivisibiles;indivisiblethings 主物rescapitalis;aprincipalthing从物resaccessoria;anaccessorything原物孳息货币证券债券所有权dominium;ownership;title所有权凭证documentoftitle;titleofownership 占有权dominiumutile;equitableownership使用权rightofuse;righttouseof收益权righttoearnings;righttoyields处分权rightofdisposing;jusdispodendi善意占有possessioningoodfaith恶意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession共同共有jointpossession林权永权人役权servituspersonarum;personalservitude担保物权realrightforsecurity物的担保securityforthing物的瑕疵担保warrantyagainstdefectofathing抵押权hypotheca;hypothecation;righttomortgage抵押权的设定creationofrighttomortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral;estateundermortgage抵押权的效力deffectofrighttomortgage质权佃权债权jusinpersonam;righttogiveorprocure;claim;creditor’sright 债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart;offeree给付give;pay债务debt;liability;obligation债务的偿还paymentofdebt债务的偿清dischargeofdebt债务的担保guaranteeofdebt债务的合并consolidationofdebt主债从债种类之债indefiniteobligation合同之债contractualobligation侵权行为之债tortobligation损害赔偿之债obligationofcompensationforinjury;obligationofdamages 人身损害damagetoperson精神损害moral/mental/spiritualdamage 医药费hospitaltreatmentexpense医疗费medicalcharge抚恤金pension慰问金consolationmoney保证押金deposit;foregift预付款advancedpayment定金earnestmoney;deposit违约金liquidateddamages法定违约金liquidateddamagesbylaw约定违约金liquidateddamagesbyagreement债的履行performanceofobligation实际履行原则doctrineofspecificperformance 情事变更原则doctrineofchangeofcircumstances 不当履行misfeasance清偿提存抵销版权创作creation作品opus;product;work着作人格权rightofpersonalityofcopyright发表权rightofpublication署名权rightofauthorship;rightofpaternity修改权rightofmodification;rightofrevision完整性保持权righttomaintainintegrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权rightofrecall;rightofretrieval自费出版publishabookattheauthor’sownexpense剽窃盗版盗版伪造专利权patentright优先权日prioritydate申请在先原则priorapplicationrule使用在先priorityofuse新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造inventionandcreation实用新型utilitymodel外观设计design;industrialdesign商标权trademarkright商标国际注册internationalregistrationoftrademark 商品商标commoditytrademark服务商标servicetrademark驰名商标reputedtrademark广告商标advertisementtrademark近似商标similartrademark商标评审委员会tradereviewandappraisalboard商标审查trademarkexamination商标侵权trademarkinfringement重婚法律婚legalmarriage非婚生子女illegitimatechild夫妻共同财产communityproperty夫妻关系conjugalrelationship夫妻分居divorceamensaetthoro;divorcefrombedandboard复婚resumptionofmarriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarizationofpostnuptialproperties 婚姻登记marriageregistration婚生子女ligitimatechild结婚离婚配偶同居晚婚无效婚姻voidmarriage协议离婚divorcebyagreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚earlymarriage直系血亲linealdescent自然血亲naturalbloodrelation收养法adoptionlaw收养协议adoptionagreement收养人adoptiveparent送养人personorinstitutionplacingoutachildforadoption第二顺序继承人successorsecondinorder第一顺序继承人successorfirstinorder继承参与人successionparticipant遗产inheritance;heritage遗产继承人heirtoproperty;inheritor遗言lastwillandtestament遗书lastwords遗赠bequest;legacy;devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-supportagreement会计法accountinglaw税法公司集团公司groupcompany合资公司jointventurecompany联营公司associatedcompany;affiliatedcompany 国营公司state-owncompany国有公司state-ownedcompany民营公司civilian-runcompany本国公司national/domesticcompany外国公司foreigncompany上市公司listedcompany母公司parentcompany出资注册资本registeredcapital实缴资本paid-incapital验资报告capitalverificationreport会计师事务所certifiedpublicaccountants 注册会计师certifiedpublicaccountant资本三原则threedoctrineofcapital资本确定原则doctrineofcapitaldetermination 资本维持原则doctrineofcapitalmaintenance资本不变原则doctrineofunchangingcapital最低资本额制度minimumcapitalsystem竞业禁止non-commpete;competitionprohibition 招股章程prospectus股本stockcapital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolutionofshareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则ruleofprocedureofshareholders’meeting表决权votingright;righttovote董事director董事长president/chairmanoftheboard董制监事股特别股specialstock资格股qualificationstock优先股preferredstock劣后股inferiorstock表决权股stockwithvotingpower溢价股premiumstock折价股convertingstock国家股state-ownedshare集体股collectiveshare法人股corporateshare 企业股enterpriseshare股息红股证券公司securitiescompany证券承销商consortiumofunderwriters证券承销合同underwritingcontract证券经纪人securitiesbroker披露制度disclosingsystem交割日closingdate风险投资基金venturecapitalfund上海证券交易所ShanghaiStockExchange深圳证券交易所ShenzhenStockExchange证券监督委员会securitiessupervisioncommittee票据本票支票汇票发票地placeofdraft/issue票据到期日billtomature票据金额sumofbill票面价额facevalue票据出票人drawer票据持票人billholder票据承兑人billacceptor票据行为actoncommercialpaper承兑票据honorabill票据议付negotiation前手后手票据债务人debtorofcommercialinstrument 追索权rightofrecourse票据抗辩exceptiontobill票据丧失lossofbill票据时效prescriptionofexchanges票据贴现discountofbill再贴现rediscountofbill恩惠期间termofbenevolence票据代理agencyfornotes/bills/commercialinstruments 海商法maritimelaw船舶碰撞shipcollision船舶遇难maritimedistress海上灾难perilsofthesea海上拖航marinetowage船舶扣押detentionofship船舶债权ship’scredit船级社classificationsociety船级证书certificateofclass海上留置权maritimelien船舶留置权maritimelien提单航次租船合同voyagecharter-party定期租船合同timecharter-party光船租船合同bareboatcharter-party;bareboatCP包租运输合同shippingcharter-party海上旅客运输合同contractforcarriageofpassengersbysea远洋拖带合同contractofoceantowage港内拖带合同contractofporttowage海难救助合同salvagecontract海事报告master’sprotest;;seaprotest海事声明书seaprotest海达海事仲裁程序规则rulesofmaritimearbitrationprocedure保险法insurancelaw自愿保险voluntaryinsurance强制保险compulsoryinsurance商业保险commercialinsurance财产保险propertyinsurance人身保险personalinsurance人寿保险lifeinsurance健康保险healthinsurance意外保险accidentinsurance保险费premium保险期限timelimitofinsurance保险利益insurableinterest保险金额insurance;insurancecompensation 保险事故insuranceaccident保险赔偿insuranceindemnity 保险代理人insuranceagent 保险经纪人insurancebroker 索赔claim代位索赔claimbysubrogation 理赔委付退保。
法律英语词汇大全((可编辑修改word版)
法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law 公序良俗publicorder and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil lawsystem英美法系system ofAnglo-American law大陆法系civil lawsystem普通法common law大陆法continentallaw罗马法系Romanlaw system衡平法equity; lawof equity日尔曼法Germanticlaw教会法ecclesiasticallaw寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamiclaw民法法律规范normof civil law授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbiddingnorm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamentalprinciples of civil law平等原则principleof equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange priority先买权preemption 原权antecedent right救济权right of relief 支配权right of dominion诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawful act 违法行为unlawful act民事权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right 优先权right of 请求权right ofclaim物上请求权right ofclaim for real thing形成权right offormation撤销权right ofclaiming cancellation否认权right ofclaiming cancellation解除权right ofrenouncement代位权subrogatedright选择权right of一时性抗辩权momentary right ofdefense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argumentright同时履行抗辩权de fe ns e r i g h t ofsimultaneousperformance既得权tested right期待权expectantchoice承认权admissionright of终止权terminationright of抗辩权defenseright ofright专属权exclusive right非专属权non- exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation 隐私权right ofprivacy私生活秘密权rightof privacy贞操权virginityright身份权right ofstatus亲权parental power;parental right亲属权right ofrelative探视权visitationright配偶权right ofspouse荣誉权right ofhonor权利的保护protection of right公力救济publicprotection私力救济self-protection权利本位standardof right社会本位standardof society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiableright; ligitimatedefence防卫行为act ofdefence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act ofrescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力forcemajeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act 意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi- interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering hisown capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdictedperson自然人naturalperson公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwellingplace户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户le as eh o l d in g ruralhousehold合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnershipagreement合伙财产propertyof partnership合伙债务debt ofpartnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawalfrom partnership合伙企业partnership businessestablishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legalperson特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-ownedenterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint ventureenterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractualenterprise社团法人legal bodyof mass organization财团法人legal bodyof financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legalpersons合伙型联营coordinatedmanagement inpartnership协作型联营cooperation-typecoordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行为civillegal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civillegal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civillegal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legalact有偿民事法律行为civil legal act withconsideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal actwithout consideration;civillegal act withoutaward实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act 不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为pr i nc i pa l c i v il legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legalact附条件民事法律行为conditional civillegal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal actwith term生前民事法律行为civil legal actbefore death死后民事法律行为civil legal actafter death准民事法律行为q ua s i-c i v il le g al ac t 无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act;unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危takingadvantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal formconcealing illegalintention恶意串通maliciouscollaboration重大误解grossmisunderstanding显失公平obviousunjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent 再代理人subagent 转代理人subagent 代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理originalagency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorizedagency表见代理agency byestoppel; apparentagency律师代理agency bylawyer普通代理generalagency全权代理generalagency全权代理委托书ge ne ra l p ow er of attorney共同代理jointagency独家代理soleagency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission;broker house信托trust时效time limit;prescription;limitation时效中止suspension ofprescription/limitation时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extensionof limitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终止lapse oftime; termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission 识别identification 公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality 国有化nationalization法律责任legalliability民事责任civilliability/responsibility行政责任administrativeliability/responsibility刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility违约责任liability ofbreach of contract;responsibility ofdefault有限责任limitedliability无限责任unlimitedliability按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任joint andseveral liability过失责任liabilityfor negligence;negligent liability过错责任faultliability; liability forfault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixedfault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错thirdparty’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith;malice故意deliberateintention; intention;willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearingcivil liability停止侵害cease theinfringing act排除妨碍exclusionof hindrance; removalof obstacle消除危险elimination ofdanger 返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution;restitution of originalstate赔偿损失compensate for aloss; indemnify for aloss支付违约金payment of liquidateddamage消除影响eliminateill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’sreputation赔礼道歉extend aformal apology物权jus ad rem;right in rem; realright物权制度real rightsystem; right in remsystem一物一权原则theprincipal of One thing,One Right物权法定主义principal of legalityof right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产asset固定资产fixed asset 流动资产currentasset; floating asset动产movables;chattel不动产immovable;real estate特定物res certae; acertain thing种类物genus;indefinite thing可分物resdivisibiles; divisiblethings不可分物resindivisibiles;indivisible things主物res capitalis; aprincipal thing从物res accessoria;an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息naturalfruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia;vacant goods;ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物driftingobject埋藏物fortuna;hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of rightin rem/real right自物权jus in repropria; right of fullownership所有权dominium;ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession 他物权jus in realiena用益物权real rightfor usufruct使用权right to use;right of use土地使用权right tothe use of land林权forestownership采矿权miningownership经营权managerialauthority; power ofmanagement承包经营权right tocontractedmanagement相邻权neighboringright; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jusemphyteuticum; rightto landed estategranted in perpetuitythrough a contract地役权servitude;easement人役权servituspersonarum; personalservitude担保物权real rightfor security物的担保securityfor thing物的瑕疵担保warranty againstdefect of a thing抵押权hypotheca;hypothecation; rightto mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right tomortgage抵押人mortgagor 抵押权人mortgagee 抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistrationof estate undermortgage抵押物登记registration of estateunder mortgage抵押优先权priorityof mortgage留置权lien一般留置权generallien特别留置权speciallien质权hypotheque;pledge; right ofpledge佃权tenant right债权jus inpersonam; right togive or procure; claim;creditor’sright债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart;offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability;obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类obligatio;obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation主债prime/principal obligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation 合同之债contractual obligation侵权行为之债tortobligation损害赔偿之债obligation ofcompensation forinjury; obligation ofdamages人身损害damage toperson精神损害moral/mental/spiritua l damage医药费hospitaltreatment expense医疗费medicalcharge抚恤金pension慰问金consolationmoney产品瑕疵defect ofproduct不当得利unjustenrichment无因管理voluntaryservice债的担保guaranteeof obligation财产担保propertyguarantee信用担保creditguarantee让与担保alienationguarantee保证guaranty明示保证expressguaranty默示保证impliedguaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract ofguaranty/suretyship保证金guarantybond; security deposit 押金deposit; foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidated damages by law约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change ofcircumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge;satisfaction提存debtor’ssubmission of thesubject matter ofobligation tocompetent authority抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护internationalprotection ofintellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of nationaltreatment优先权原则 a rightof priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automaticprotection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyrightowner创作creation作品opus; product;work著作人格权right ofpersonality ofcopyright发表权right ofpublication署名权right ofauthorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权right to maintain integrity 不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work 使用收益分享权right to share usufruct 利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment重播权right ofrebroadcasting录制权right offixation机械复制权right ofmechanograph; rightof mechanicalreproduction著作邻接权neighboringright of copyright剽窃plagiary;plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD piratedVCD伪造forge工业产权industrialproperty专利权patent right优先权日prioritydate申请在先原则priorapplication rule使用在先priority ofuse新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造inventionand creation实用新型utilitymodel外观设计design;industrial design发明权right ofinvention发现权right ofdiscovery专利申请patentapplication专利异议objectionto a patent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement技术诀窍know-how 专有技术know-how 专利证书certificate of patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册internationalregistration oftrademark商品商标commodity trademark服务商标servicetrademark驰名商标reputedtrademark广告商标advertisementtrademark近似商标similartrademark商标评审委员会tra d e re v iew and appraisalboard商标审查trademarkexamination商标侵权trademarkinfringement商标注册registeredtrademark商标公告trademarkgazette注册商标使用许可licensing ofregistered trademark注册商标转让assignment ofregistered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensingagreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademarkagency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage,family, inheritance,adoption婚姻法marital law;marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property重婚bigamy独生子女only child 法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property 夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage 感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization ofpostnuptial properties婚姻登记marriageregistration婚生子女ligitimatechild计划生育birthcontrol结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenarymarriage拟制血亲bloodrelations in fiction oflaw旁系血亲collateralrelation bloodrelation涉外婚姻marriagewith foreign elements配偶spouse事实婚de factomarriage诉讼离婚divorce bylitigation探视权visitationright同居cohabitation晚婚late marriage无效婚姻voidmarriage协议离婚divorce byagreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚early marriage直系血亲linealdescent自然血亲naturalblood relation收养法adoption law收养协议adoption agreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption 涉外收养adoption with foreign elements 继承法inheritance law; law of succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestate succession遗赠继承succession by devise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation; succession bysubrogation世袭继承hereditarysuccession间接继承indirectsuccession转继承subsuccession共同继承jointsuccession单独继承singlesuccession继承人heir;successor第二顺序继承人s ucc es s or s ec o nd i n or de r第一顺序继承人s ucc es s or fi r st i n or de r继承参与人succession participant遗产inheritance;heritage遗产继承人heir toproperty; inheritor遗言last will andtestament遗书last words遗赠bequest;legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-supportagreement会计法accountinglaw税法tax law;taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfaircompetition law消费者权益保护法consumer’ s interestprotection law产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law公司company; corporation有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership 两合公司jointliability company控股公司holdingcompany集团公司groupcompany合资公司jointventure company联营公司associatedcompany; affiliatedcompany国营公司state-owncompany国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company本国公司national/domesticcompany外国公司foreigncompany上市公司listedcompany母公司parentcompany子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcasecompany; fundlesscompany募集设立incorporation bystock floatation发起人floater;initiator公司名称name ofcompany公司住址domicileof company出资contribution;capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right非专有技术出资i nv e stm en t i n non- patent technology劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements注册资本registered capital实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants 注册会计师certifiedpublic accountant资本三原则threedoctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capitaldetermination资本维持原则doctrine of capitalmaintenance资本不变原则doctrine ofunchanging capital最低资本额制度m inim um capital system公司章程articles ofassociation; articlesof incorporation;bylaw公司登记incorporation;corporate registration公司存续existenceof company公司合并分立merger and split ofcompany公司并购corporatemerger andacquisition公司管理corporategovernance; companymanagement公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿companyrectification公司歇业closure ofbusiness公司和解companycomposition公司解散companydissolution公司清算company liquidation公司清理company winding-up竞业禁止non- commpete; competition prohibition招股章程prospectus 股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’meeting 表决权voting right;right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman ofthe board首席执行官chiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)首席运营官chiefoperationofficer(COO)执行董事executivedirector常务董事managingdirector董事会board ofdirectors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility systemof the chief executiveofficer under theleadership of theboard of directors经理独立负责制manager independentresponsibility system监事supervisor监事会board ofsupervisors股share; stock普通股commonstock特别股special stock资格股qualificationstock优先股preferredstock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock withvoting power溢价股premiumstock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share 法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金legal accumulation fund资本公积金capital accumulation fund盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund任意公积金optional accumulation fund 公司犯罪corporatecrime证券法securitieslaw证券发行issuanceof securities证券上市listsecurities; float anissue证券交易所stockexchange证券商securitiesdealer证券公司securitiescompany证券承销商consortium ofunderwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosingsystem交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai StockExchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen StockExchange证券监督委员会se cu ri t ie s s u per v i si o ncom m itt ee票据法law ofnegotiable instrument票据notes; bills;commercialinstruments商业票据bill;commercialinstrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill 记名票据bill payable to order; note to order不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日draft/issuedate of发票地draft/issueplace of 票据到期日bill to mature 票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人billholder票据承兑人billacceptor票据行为act oncommercial paper承兑票据honor abill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest abill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payeron commercialinstrument票据收款人billcollector票据背书人endorser/indorser of abill被背书人endorsee票据保证人billguarantor票据被保证人billpledgee/warrantee再追索人renewedrecourser前手remote holder后手subsequentendorser票据权利right ofbill票据期限term ofbill; tenor票据债务人debtorof commercialinstrument追索权right ofrecourse票据抗辩exceptionto bill票据丧失loss of bill 票据时效prescription of exchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercia l instruments海商法maritime law 船舶国籍证书certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality船棋国flag country 船舶所有权证书certificate of shipownership船舶检验register ofship船舶保险insuranceon hull船舶保险单hullinsurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnagemeasurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押shipmortgage船舶租赁shipchartering船舶转租shipsubchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation ofliabilities of shipowners船舶碰撞shipcollision船舶遇难maritimedistress海上灾难perils ofthe sea海上拖航marinetowage船舶扣押detentionof ship船舶债权ship’scredit船级社classificationsociety船级证书certificateof class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage 海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权pr i or i ty claim to general average服务优先权priority claim to service。
法律英语单词
法律英语词汇Aa law 法规,法例法规,法例argumentative question 争论性的问题争论性的问题attempt 企图企图abate 降低,减少,排除降低,减少,排除abduct 拐骗,诱拐拐骗,诱拐abortion 堕胎堕胎abscond 潜逃,逃跑潜逃,逃跑absolve 宣告无罪宣告无罪abstract 摘要摘要abuse (people) 虐待,辱骂虐待,辱骂abuse (power) 滥用权利滥用权力abuse (office) 滥用职权滥用职权acceptance of bribes 受贿受贿accessory 从犯从犯accident 事故,意外事故,意外accomplice 共犯,帮凶共犯,帮凶accord and satisfaction 和解与清偿和解与清偿according to law 按照法律,依照法律,与法律一致按照法律,依照法律,与法律一致accusation 指控,控告指控,控告accused 被告被告acquittal 宣告无罪宣告无罪act of Congress 国会法案国会法案act of God 不可抗力,天灾不可抗力,天灾adjudication 判决,裁定判决,裁定admitted into evidence 接收为证据接收为证据admissible evidence 可接纳的证据可接纳的证据admission 供认,招认供认,招认adoption 收养,领养,认养;采用,接纳收养,领养,认养;采用,接纳Adult Probation and Parole 成人缓刑与假释成人缓刑与解释adultery 通奸通奸advisement of rights 权利告诫权利告诫advocate (n) 辩护人辩护人advocate (v) 辩护;倡导辩护;倡导affiant 宣誓人,立誓词人宣誓人,立誓人fidavit 宣誓书,经宣誓的书面陈述宣誓书,经宣誓的书面陈述affirm 确认,(上诉院)维持原判确认,(上诉院)维持原判aggravated 加重的加重的aggravated circumstances 增加严重性的情节增加严重性的情节agreement 协议协议aid and abet 协谋,教唆,帮凶协谋,教唆,帮凶aiding escape 协助逃跑协助逃跑aiding prostitution 协助卖淫协助卖淫alias 别名,化名,假名别名,化名,假名alibi 不在现场的证据不在现场的证据alien 外侨,侨民外侨,侨民alimony (付给前配偶的)赡养费(傅给前配偶的)赡养费allegation 指称,指控指称,指控alleged thief 被指称为窃贼的人被指称为窃贼的人allocution 认罪供词,自白供词认罪供词,自白供词amnesty 大赦大赦ancillary 附属的附属的animal control officer 动物检疫人员动物检疫animal cruelty 虐畜罪虐畜罪anticompetitive practices 防止竞争措施防止竞争措施antitrust act 反托拉斯法案,发信托案反托拉斯法案,发信托案appeal 上诉上诉appearance 出庭出庭appellate court 上诉法庭上诉法庭applicability 可适应性可适应性appoint 指定,委派,委任指定,委派,委任appraisal 估价估价aquatic wildlife 野生水中动物,鱼类野生水中动物,鱼类arbitration 仲裁,公断仲裁,公断argument 争辩,辩论争辩,辩论arm of the law 法律的权利法律的权利armed robbery 持械抢劫持械抢劫arraignment 提审,提讯,提堂,过堂提审,提讯,提堂,过堂arraignment hearing 提讯听证提讯听证arrest 逮捕,拘捕逮捕,拘捕arrest on suspicion 因有疑而被捕因有疑而被捕arrest warrant 逮捕证,通缉令逮捕证,通缉令arresting officer 执行逮捕的警员执行逮捕的警员arsenal 弹药库,枪械库弹药库,枪械库arson 纵火罪纵火罪ascertain 确定,查明确定,查明aspersion 中伤,诽谤中伤,诽谤assassin 刺客,暗杀凶手刺客,暗杀凶手assailant 攻击者攻击者assault 攻击攻击assault and battery 殴打罪,伤害人身罪殴打罪,伤害人身罪assess 估价,征收估价,徵收assets 资产资产asylum 庇护庇护atrocity 暴行暴行attempted crime 犯罪未遂犯罪未遂attempted murder 谋杀未遂谋杀未遂audit 稽查,查帐,审计,审核稽查,查帐,审计,审核authenticate 鉴定,认证鉴定,认证auto burglary 偷汽车里的东西偷汽车裏的东西auto theft 偷汽车偷汽车automobile homicide 车祸杀人车祸杀人autopsy 验尸,尸体剖检验尸,尸体剖检avow 招认,承认招认,承认award (v) 判给判给award (n) 裁定额裁定额Bbackup 后援,后备后援,后备badge (of a police officer) 徽章徽章bail 保释,保释金保释,保释金bail bond 保释保证金,保金保释保证金,保金bail bondsman 保释代理人保释代理人bail forfeiture 保释金没收保释金没收bail jumping 弃保潜逃,保释中逃跑,逃保弃保潜逃,保释中逃跑,逃跑Bail Reform Act 保释修正案保释修正案bailey 法庭法庭bailiff 法警,法庭执行官法警,法庭执行官ban 禁止,禁令,取缔禁止,禁令,取缔bandit 盗贼,土匪盗贼,土匪banish 流放,驱逐流放,驱逐bar 律师业律师业bar association 律师协会律师协会barricade 临时防御,障碍物临时防御,障碍物befouling water 污染水源污染水源behavior 品性,行为品性,行为bench 法官席,法官法官席,法官bench trail 法官(无陪审团)审讯法官(无陪审团)审讯bench warrant 法庭传票法庭传票beyond reasonable doubt 理无置疑,无合理怀疑理无置疑,无合理怀疑bias 偏见偏见bicycle path 自行车/脚踏车/单车专用道自行车/脚踏车/单车专用道bid 投标,出价投标,出价bigamy 一夫多妻制;重婚罪一夫多妻制;重婚罪bill (in a legislature) 议案议案bill of lading 提货单,提单提货单,提单bill of particular 诉讼明细书诉讼明细书Bill of Rights 法案,基本权利法案法案,基本权利法案bind over 责令待审责令待审binding 有约束力的,附有义务的有约束力的,附有义务的binding agreement 有约束力的协议有约束力的协议birthright 与生俱来的权利与生俱来的权利black market 黑市黑市blackmail 勒索,敲诈,讹诈勒索,敲诈,讹诈blood alcohol 血液内的酒精含量血液内的酒精含量blood test 验血验血bludgeon 杖刑杖刑board certified (medical) 拥有(医学)公会认可的资格执照拥有(医学)公会认可的资格执照board examiner (medical) (医学)公会监考员(医学)公会监考员boating infractions 划船游乐方面的违规划船游乐方面的违规body search 搜身搜身book verb 入案,落案入案,落案bookie /bookmaker 赌博(各种比赛)的经纪人赌博(各种比赛)的经济人bookmaking 外围下注外围下注bound 受到约束的受到约束的bounty hunter 为领赏而追捕逃犯的人为领赏而追捕逃犯的人brandish a weapon 挥动武器(来威胁) 挥动武器(来威胁)breaking and entering 强行闯入强行闯入bribe 行贿,贿赂行贿,贿赂brief 摘要书,辨诉状摘要书,辩诉状bring to justice 移送法办,绳之以法移送法办,绳之以法burden of proof 举证责任擧证责任burglary 盗窃,盗窃罪盗窃,盗窃罪business license 营业执照营业执照bylaws 规章,规程规章,规程C(credit for) time served 已服刑时间已服刑时间campaign contribution 竞选捐献,竞选献金竞选捐献,竞选献金cannabis 大麻,大麻类毒品大麻,大麻类毒品capital punishment 死刑死刑carcass 动物尸体动物实体carjacking 劫车劫车carpool lane 合用车专用道合用车专用道carrying a concealed weapon 身携暗器,携带暗器身擕暗器,携带暗器case 案子,诉讼案件案子,诉讼案件case in chief 主案,控方的证据主案,控方的证据case law 判例法,案例法判例法,案例法causation 因果关系,造事原因因果关系,造事原因causing catastrophe 造成大灾难造成大灾难caveat 警告,中止诉讼的通知警告,中止诉讼的通知cease and desist 停止,制止停止,制止census 人口普查,人口调查人口普查,人口调查certified 被证明的,有保证的被证明的,有保证的chain of custody 接受监管的次序接受监管的次序challengea. preemptory challenge 不述理由而要求陪审员退席不述理由而要求陪审员退席b. challenge for cause 有原因要求陪审员退席有原因要求陪审员退席challenge (v) 反对,质问反对,质问change of venue 变更审判地点,转移管辖变更审判地点,转移管辖character evidence 人格证据,品德证据人格证据,品德证据charges 指控,罪名指控,罪名charge to the jury (法官)对陪审团的指导(法官)对陪审团的指导charitable organization 慈善机构,慈善组织慈善机构,慈善组织charity drive 慈善活动慈善活动chattel 动产,有形财产动产,有形财产chief justice 首席法官首席法官child endangerment 危害儿童危害儿童child labor law 童工法童工法child molestation 猥亵儿童猥亵儿童child welfare service 儿童福利服务儿童福利服务choking 窒息窒息circuit court 巡回法庭巡回法庭circumstantial evidence 间接证据,旁证间接证据,旁证citation 罚单,传票罚单,传票civil code 民事法典民事法典civil enforcement 执行民事法典执行民事法典civil law 民法民法civil liberty 公民自由公民自由civil right 公民权利公民权利claim (n) 要求权要求权claim (v) 声称,断言声称,断言claim (damages) 索赔索赔claim (lost or stolen property) 认领认领claimant 债权人,原告,索赔人债权人,原告,索赔人clandestine 暗中的,秘密的暗中的,秘密的class action lawsuit 集体诉讼集体诉讼classified (advertisement) 分类的分类的classified (document) 保密的保密的clerk of the court 法庭书记法庭书记closing argument 终结陈述,终结辩论终结陈述,终结辩论cocaine 古柯碱,可卡因,白粉古柯碱,可卡因,白粉co-conspirator 共谋人,篡谋人共谋人,簒谋人coercion 强迫,胁迫,挟制强迫,胁迫,挟持cohabitation 同居同居commercial drivers license 商业性驾驶执照商业性驾驶执照commit a crime 犯下罪行犯下罪行commitment hearing 拘禁听证拘禁听证common law 判例法,习惯法,普通法判例法,习惯法,普通法common law marriage 普通法/习惯法上的婚姻普通法/习惯法上的婚姻community service 社区服务社区服务community standards 共同道德标准共同道德标准compelling argument 有道理/有说服力的争辩有道理/有说服力的争辩competence 能力,权限能力,权限competent council 合格的律师合格的律师competent court 管辖法院,主管法院管辖法院,主管法院complaint 控诉,民事起诉控诉,民事起诉compulsory education 义务教育义务教育compulsory process 强制到庭的程序强制到庭的程序computer crimes 用计算机(电脑)犯罪用计算机(电脑)犯罪concealed firearm 夹带/夹藏的枪械夹带/夹藏的枪械concealed weapon 夹带/夹藏武器,暗器夹带/夹藏武器,暗器concurrent sentences 合并刑期,同时执行合并刑期,同时执行confession 认罪,供认,招认认罪,供认,招认confidentiality 保密性,机密性保密性,机密性confinement 监禁,拘留监禁,拘留confiscate 没收,充公没收,充公conflict of interest 利益冲突利益冲突confrontation of witness 证人对质证人对质consecutive sentences 连续刑期连续刑期conspiracy 共谋,篡谋共谋,篡谋conspiracy to commit a crime 篡谋犯罪篡谋犯罪constable 警察警察constitutional right 宪法权利宪法权利contempt of court 蔑视法庭蔑视法庭continuance/continuation (of the case) 诉讼延期,展延诉讼延期,展延contract 契约,合同契约,合同contract law 合同法,契约法合同法,契约法contradict 反驳反驳contradict oneself 自相矛盾自相矛盾contradiction 矛盾矛盾convict noun 罪犯犯罪convict verb 定罪定罪conviction 定罪,判罪定罪,判罪coroner 验尸官验尸官correctional officer 狱警,监管警员狱警,监管警员corroborate 证实证实costs incurred 所引起的费用所引起的费用counsel 律师律师counseling 心理辅导心理辅导count 罪项罪项court 法庭,法院法庭,法院court appointed attorney 法庭任命的律师法庭任命的律师court interpreter 法庭翻译,法庭传译法庭翻译,法庭传译court of appeals 上诉法院上诉法院court of last resort 终审法院终审法院court of record 案件记录所在的法院案件纪录所在的法院credibility 可信度,可信性可信度,可信性creditor 债权人债权人crime 罪行罪行crime lab 罪证化验室罪证化验室criminal background information 前科资料前科资料criminal code 刑事法典刑事法典criminal information 刑事检举书刑事检举书criminal intent 犯罪意图犯罪意图criminal justice 刑事司法刑事司法criminal mischief 刑事恶作剧刑事恶作剧criminal offense 刑事犯罪刑事犯罪criminal proceedings 刑事诉讼程序刑事诉讼程序criminal record 犯罪记录犯罪记录criminal trespass 非法进入他人土地或房屋非法进入他人土地或房屋cross examination 盘问盘问crosswalk 行人穿越道,斑马线,人行横道行人穿越道,斑马线,人行道curfew 宵禁,戒严宵禁,戒严custodial interference 妨碍监护权妨碍监护权custody (of children) 监护权监护权(take into) custody 拘留,扣押拘留,扣押DDA (District Attorney) 检查官,检控官检查官,检控琯damage 损失,损害损失,损害damages 损害赔偿损害赔偿data 数据,资料数据,资料de facto 事实上,实际上事实上,实际上de jure 法理上法理上deadly weapon 致命武器致命武器death sentence 死刑死刑debate 辩论辩论debrief (a witness) 询问(证人) 询问(证人)deceit 欺骗,欺诈欺骗,欺诈deception 欺瞒,蒙骗欺瞒,蒙骗(to issue a) decree 颁布法令,命令颁布法令,命令deface 毁伤外貌,污损毁伤外貌,污损defamation 诽谤诽谤default 缺席,逾期未……缺席,逾期未……default judgment 缺席判决缺席判决defendant 被告被告defense 辩护,答辩,辨方辩护,答辩,辩方defense attorney 辩护律师辩护律师defense exhibit A 辨方呈物甲/证物甲辩方呈物甲/证物甲deferred prosecution 缓期起诉缓期起诉defraud 诈骗,欺诈诈骗,欺诈defunct 已死的,已故的,已倒闭的已死的,已故的,已倒闭的demolish 拆毁,拆除拆毁,拆除denounce 谴责,斥责,驳斥谴责,斥责,驳斥deny (a charge) 否认,否定否认,否定deny (a request or proposal) 驳回,否决驳回,否决department of corrections 惩治局,狱政局,监狱局,劳改局惩治局,狱政局,监狱局,劳改局department of motor vehicles 机动车辆管理局,车管局机动车辆管理局,车官局department of public safety 公安局,公安机关公安局,公安机关deportation 递解出境,驱逐出境递解出境,驱逐出境deposition 宣誓证言,宣誓证词宣誓证言,宣誓证词deprave 腐化,腐败腐化,腐败deputy D.A. 地区副检控官地区检控官deputy sheriff 警员警员desecration 亵渎,污辱亵渎,侮辱destruction of property 破坏财物破坏财务detain 扣留,拘留扣留,拘留detainer 扣押令扣押令detention 拘留拘留diagnosis 诊断诊断direct evidence 直接证据直接证据direct examination 直接询问直接询问disavowal 拒绝承担责任拒绝承担责任discharge 撤销(命令),释放撤销(命令),释放disciplinary action 纪律处分,惩戒处分纪律处分,惩罚处分disciplinary measure 纪律措施纪律措施discovery 告知准备使用的证据,透露证据告知准备使用的证据,透露证据dismemberment 肢解肢解dismiss 驳回驳回dismiss with prejudice 有偏见驳回起诉(不可以再诉) 有偏见驳回起诉(不可以再诉)dismiss without prejudice 无偏见驳回起诉(可以再诉) 无偏见驳回起诉(可以再诉)disorderly conduct 扰乱治安行为,行为不轨扰乱治安行为,行为不轨disposition (juvenile) (对未成年人的)判决,处理(对未成年人的)判决,处理dissident 异议人士,持不同政见者异议人士,持不同政见者disturbing public meeting 扰乱公众会议扰乱公众会议disturbing the peace 扰乱治安扰乱治安diversion 转移,替换转移,替换divest 剥夺剥夺divorce 离婚离婚docket sheet 法院日程表法院日程表dog fighting 斗狗斗狗domestic violence 家庭暴力家庭暴力double jeopardy 双重判案,一罪重审双重判案,一罪重审dragnet 法网法网driver"s education 驾驶培训驾驶培训driving on a suspended license 在驾照吊销期间开车在驾照吊销期间开车driving record 驾驶记录驾驶纪录driving under the influence 酒后或吸毒后开车,受影响下驾驶酒后或吸毒后开车,受影响下驾驶drug abuse 滥用毒品滥用毒品drug bust 突击搜捕毒品及贩毒者突击搜捕毒品及贩毒者drug dealer 贩毒者贩毒者drug trafficking 贩毒贩毒drugs 毒品毒品drunk driving 酒后开车酒后开车due process of the law 适当/应有的法律程序适当/应有的法律程序duly sworn 正式发誓正式发誓Eeavesdropping 窃听,偷听窃听,偷听electric chair 电椅,电刑处死电椅,电刑处死electronic monitoring 电子监视电子监视elements of the offense 犯法要素犯法要素eligibility 资格资格embezzlement 盗用,侵吞,监守自盗盗用,侵吞,坚守自盗emergency medical service 急救服务急救服务enhanced penalties 加重刑罚加重刑罚entrapment 陷阱,圈套陷阱,圈套equal protection 平等保护/保障平等保护/保障escape 逃跑,逃脱逃跑,逃税evidence 证据证据examination 审查,发问,盘问审查,发问,盘问exclusionary rule 排除不合法证据的法规排除不合法证据的法规excusable homicide 可原谅的杀人可原谅的杀人exculpatory 申明无罪的申明无罪的exhibit 呈物,证物呈物,证物exoneration 证明无罪,免除责任证明无罪,免除责任exoneration of bail 免除保释金免除保释金expert witness 专家鉴定证人专家鉴定证人exploitation 利用,剥削利用,剥削explosive 炸药,爆炸物炸药,爆炸物expose (a crime) 揭露,揭发揭露,揭发expunge 删除,剔除删除,剔除extortion 勒索勒索extradition 引渡引渡eyewitness 目击证人目击证人Ffabrication 捏造,伪造捏造,伪造fact 事实,真相事实,真相failure to appear 不出庭罪不出庭罪fair use 公平使用公平使用fallacy 谬论谬论false accusation 诬告罪诬告罪false alarm 虚惊虚惊false arrest 非法逮捕非法逮捕falsification of documents 伪造文件伪造文件falsification of evidence 伪造证据伪造证据felony 刑事重罪刑事重罪fencing 买卖赃物买卖赃物field sobriety test 现场清醒测验现场清醒测验file (n) 档案,卷宗档案,卷宗file (v) 提交,入档,提出(诉讼) 提交,入档,提出(诉讼)find (n) 拾得物,掘获物拾得物,掘获物find (v) 判定判定finding 判决,调查结果判决,调查结果fine 罚款罚款fingerprints 指纹指纹fire code 防火规章防火规章fire marshal 消防局长消防局长fire prevention 防火措施防火措施firearms 枪械枪械firecrackers 鞭炮,爆竹鞭炮,爆竹fireworks 烟火,焰火,烟花烟火,焰火,烟花flagellate 鞭打鞭打flammable material 易燃物品易燃物品for the record 记录在案纪录在案foreclosure 赎回权的取消赎回权的取消forensic 法庭的,用于法庭的法庭的,用於法庭的forensic expert 法医,科学鉴定专家法医,科学鉴定专家forensic psychiatry 司法精神病学司法精神病学forensic science 科学鉴定学科学鉴定学forensics 法医学法医学forfeit 放弃,失去放弃,失去forgery 伪造伪造fornication 私通私通foster home 寄养家庭,收养所寄养家庭,收养所foul language 粗话粗活found liable 判定有责任判定有责任frame up 造假陷害造假陷害fraud 行骗,欺诈行骗,欺诈frisk 搜身搜身fugitive 逃犯逃犯Ggag order 禁止谈论令禁止谈论令gallows 绞刑台绞刑台gaming 赌博,赌塞赌博,堵塞gang 帮派,团伙帮派,团夥garnish 扣押钱财扣押钱财gas chamber 毒气室毒气室genocide 种族灭绝种族灭绝gimmick 手法,手段手法,手段gist (诉讼中的)主旨,要点,大意(诉讼中的)主旨,要点,大意good behavior 品行良好品行良好good cause 正当理由正当理由good faith effort 有诚意的努力有诚意的努力grace period 宽限期宽限期graffiti 乱涂乱写乱凃乱写graft 受贿,渎职受贿,渎职grand jury 大陪审团大陪审团grand theft 重偷窃罪重偷窃罪grievously sinful 罪孽深重罪孽深重grievance 不满,冤情不满,冤情gross negligence 严重失职严重失职groundless 无根据,没道理无根据,没道理ground 理由理由guardian 监护人监护人guilty 有罪有罪gun runner 军火走私贩军火走私贩gunshot wound 枪伤枪伤Hhabeas corpus 人身保护法人身保护法habitual offender 惯犯惯犯habitual sex offender 性惯犯性惯犯habitual violent offender 暴力惯犯暴力惯犯hallucinogen 幻觉剂幻觉剂handcuff 手铐手铐handgun 手枪手枪harassment 骚扰骚扰harbor a criminal 窝藏罪犯窝藏罪犯hate crime 仇恨罪仇恨罪hazardous material 危害物品,危险材料危害物品,危险材料hazing 戏弄,恶作剧戏弄,恶作剧hearing 聆讯聆讯hearsay 传闻传闻heroin 海洛因海洛因highway patrol 高速公路巡警高速公路巡警hijacking 劫持劫持hit and run 驾车肇事后逃跑驾车肇事后逃跑hoarding 囤积囤积hoax 骗局骗局home detention 软禁软禁homicide 杀人,他杀杀人,他杀hostage 人质人质hostile witness 敌对证人敌对证人hot pursuit 紧追紧追hung jury 不能做出一致决断的陪审团不能做出一致决断的陪审团hunting certificate/license/permit 狩猎许可狩猎许可hunting tag 狩猎标牌狩猎标牌Iidentification 身份证身份证identify 认出,辨认,分辨认出,辨认,分辨illegal alien 非法居留者非法拘留者illegal immigration 非法移民非法移民illegal immigration broker 蛇头蛇头illegitimate child 私生子,非婚生子私生子,非婚生子illicit 非法非法illusory 错觉的错觉的immunity 豁免权豁免权immunity from liability 责任豁免权责任豁免权immunity from prosecution 检控豁免权检控豁免权impeachment of witness 指责证人指责证人impersonation of judge 假扮法官假扮法官impersonation of police officer 假扮警察假扮警察implicate 牵连,牵涉牵连,牵涉implied consent 默认,默示同意默认,默示同意impound 没收,扣押,充公没收,扣押,充公imprisonment 徒刑,下狱,坐牢,禁锢徒刑,下狱,坐牢,禁锢in camera 不公开不公开in session 开庭开庭inadmissible 不可接纳的不可接纳的incarceration 监禁监禁incest 乱伦乱伦inchoate offenses 犯罪未遂犯罪未遂incite 煽动,鼓动煽动,鼓动inconsistent (statements) 矛盾(供词) 矛盾(供词)incriminate 归罪,使负罪归罪,使负罪indictment 大陪审团起诉书,大陪审团公诉书大陪审团起诉述,大陪审团公诉述indigent 贫穷的贫穷的indirect evidence 间接证据间接证据inducement 诱惑诱惑infiltration 渗透渗透influence peddling 招权纳贿招权纳贿informant 告密者,线人告密者,线人information 正式起诉书正式起诉述informed consent 知情的同意知情的同意infraction 违规,违例违规,违例inherent right 固有权利固有权利inheritance 继承;遗产继承;遗产injunction 禁令,强制令禁令,强制令injustice 不公正,不正义,不法不公正,不正义,不法inmate 囚犯囚犯insanity 精神错乱精神错乱instigate 煽乱,怂恿煽乱,怂恿insurance 保险保险insurgent 叛乱的叛乱的intent 意图意图interference with public servant 妨害公务罪意图INTERPOL 国际刑事警察组织国际刑事警察组织interstate 州际州际intimidation 恐吓恐吓intoxilizer 酒醉测试器酒醉测试器investigation 调查调查irrational 不合理智的不合理智的issue (n) 问题,争论点; 子女,后嗣问题,争论点;子女,后嗣issue (v) 发行,发出,分配发行,发出,分配itemize 列举,详细列举列举,详细列举Jjail 拘留所,监狱拘留所,监狱jailbreak 越狱越狱jay-walk 违章穿越马路违章穿越马路John/Jane Doe 无名氏无名氏joy riding 偷车兜风偷车兜风Judge Advocate General 军法局长,军法处长军法局长,军法处长judgment 判决判决judicial 司法的司法的judicial notice 司法上应有的知识司法上应有的知识judiciary 司法系统司法系统jump bail 弃保潜逃弃保潜逃junk dealer 收售旧物者收售旧物者jurisdiction 司法权,管辖权,判决权司法权,管辖权,判决权jurisprudence 法理家法理家jurist 法学家法学家juror 陪审员陪审员juror, alternative 候补陪审员候补陪审员juror, prospective 待选陪审员待选陪审员juror, sworn 正选陪审员正选陪审员jury 陪审团陪审团jury box 陪审团席陪审团席jury instructions (法官给)陪审团的指示(法官给)陪审团的指示jury tempering 非法干预陪审团非法干预陪审团jury trial 陪审团审案陪审团审案juvenile court 青少年/未成年人法庭青少年/未成年人法庭juvenile delinquent 青少年/未成年人罪犯青少年/未成年人罪犯Kkidnapping 绑架,绑票绑架,绑票killer 凶手凶手kiting 开空投支票开空头支票kleptomania 盗窃狂盗窃狂knowingly 知情地,故意地知情地,故意地Llabor law 劳工法,劳动法劳工法,劳动法landmark decision 里程碑式的判决里程碑式的判决larceny 盗窃罪盗窃罪laser-sight weapon 激光瞄准武器激光瞄准武器law code 法典,法例法典,法例law enforcement agency 执法机构执法机构law firm 律师事务所律师事务所law school 法学院法学院lawsuit 官司,诉讼,案件官司,诉讼,案件lead council 首席律师首席律师leading question 诱导发问诱导发问lechery 淫乱行为淫乱行为legal age 法定年龄法定年龄legal aid 法律援助法律援助legal aide 法律助理法律助理legal council 法律顾问法律顾问legal obligation 法律义务法律义务legal system 法律体制法律体制legal tender 法定货币法定货币legalese 法律术语法律术语legality 合法性合法性legislature 立法机关立法机关leniency 宽恕,宽大处理宽恕,宽大处理lethal injection 致命性注射剂致命性注射剂lethal weapon 致命凶器致命凶器letter bomb 信件炸弹信件炸弹lewd conduct 猥亵行为,淫秽行为,下流行为猥亵行为,淫秽行为,下流行为liability 应负责任,债务应负责任,债务liable 法律责任法律责任liability insurance 责任保险责任保险libel 诽谤罪诽谤罪lie detector 测谎器测谎器lie in wait 埋伏以待埋伏以待lien 留置权,扣押权留置权life sentence 无期徒刑,终生监禁无期徒刑,终生监禁lineup 列队辨认嫌疑犯列队辨认嫌疑犯litigant 诉讼当事人诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼,打官司诉讼,打官司littering 乱丢垃圾乱丢垃圾loaded weapon 装上弹药的武器装上弹药的武器loan shark 高利贷者高利贷者lodge a complaint 投诉投诉loitering 闲荡闲荡loophole 漏洞漏洞looting 洗劫,趁乱打劫洗劫,趁乱打劫losses 损失损失LSD 迷幻药迷幻药lynching 私刑处死私刑处死Ssabotage 蓄意破坏,怠工蓄意破坏,怠工sacrilege 渎圣,冒渎渎圣,冒渎sadism 虐待狂虐待狂safety inspection (auto) (汽车)安全检查(汽车)安全检查safety regulation 安全规则安全规则sale of a child 贩卖儿童贩卖儿童sanction 制裁制裁sane 神志正常神志正常scapegoat 替罪羊替罪羊scene of crime 作案现场作案现场search and seizure 搜查与充公搜查与充公search warrant 搜查令搜查令secret agent 特务,特工特务,特工Secret Service 特勤部特勤部security fraud 证券欺诈证券欺诈sedition 煽动叛乱煽动叛乱self determination 自决自决self incrimination 自证其罪,自我牵连自证其罪,自我牵连self-defense 自卫自卫sensitive 敏感的敏感的sentence 判刑判刑separation agreement 分居协议分居协议sequester a jury 隔离陪审团隔离陪审团serve a subpoena 送达传票送达传票serve papers on a party 送交文件给某方送交文件给某方set bail 定保释金额定保释金额sever case 将案件分离将案件分离sexual abuse 性虐待性虐待sexual assault 性侵犯性侵犯shackles 手铐,脚镣手铐,脚镣sheriff (县)警长(县)警长shoplifting 入店行窃入店行窃shotgun 散弹枪,猎枪散弹枪,猎枪sidewalk 人行道人行道sight translation 视译视译simultaneous interpretation 同声传译同声传译skid row 贫民区街道,没落地段贫民区街道,没落地段slander 诽谤诽谤slavery 奴隶制奴隶制slip and fall 滑倒滑倒slugs 假硬币,子弹假硬币;子弹smuggling 走私走私snowmobile 雪车雪车sodomy 鸡奸,兽奸鸡奸,兽奸solicitation 教唆,拉客教唆,拉客solicitor 法务官法务官special agent 特务,特工特务,特工specification 规格规格speedy trial 快速审理快速审理squatter 擅自居住,擅自占地擅自居住,擅自占地stalking 潜行追踪潜行追踪standard weights 砝码砝码standards 标准标准status quo 现状现状statute 法规法规statute of limitation 时效法规时效法规statutory law 成文法,制定法成文法,制定法statutory rape 制定法上的强奸制定法上的强奸stay a warrant 中止刑事手令中止刑事手令stay of execution 延缓执行死刑延缓执行死刑sting operation (为捉拿疑犯所设置的)突击圈套(为捉拿疑犯所设置的)突击圈套stipulation 规定,协议规定,协议strangulation 勒死,掐死,绞死勒死,掐死,绞死strike from the record 从记录中删除从纪录中删除subject to prosecution 可被公诉可被公诉suborn perjury 唆使提供伪证唆使提供伪证submit evidence 提出证据提出证据subpoena 传票传票substance abuse 滥用药物滥用药物substance abuse prevention 防止滥用药物的措施防止滥用药物的措施。
法律英语词汇解释
法律英语词语用法区别英语中原本没有所谓法律英语，但由于有关法律方面的英语有其特殊的用法和规律，慢慢地就像科技英语、商业英语等一样，自成一门学科。
法律英语不同于“法言法语”(legal terms)，而是跨越英语与法律之间的边缘学科，所以有人将法律英语译为English for the prdession。
许多地区，比如上海等地，还为此成立专门的培训机构。
由于英汉语言习惯的不同，加上长期以来约定俗成的用法的影响，法律英语中常常出现一些容易混淆或错用的词语，在中英互译中常会发生一些有趣的语言现象。
本文就是想以比较轻松的漫谈方式，与读者作一些共同探讨，以引起广大读者对法律英语的兴趣。
China, China's 和Chinese作定语时大有区别这三个词都可以作定语用，译成“中国的”，但其含义却有很大区别。
如China law firms是指“在中国的律师事务所”，未必是中国人开的，它应包括获准在中国设立的“外国律师事务所”(foreign law firms)。
若指中国律师开的律师事务所，应用Chinese law firms。
在法律文书中，这很有讲究。
在WTO法律文件中，如“中国经济的特性”(the special characteristic of China's economy)；“中国的关税配额制度”(China's TRO system)；“中国的具体承诺减让表”((China's Schedule of Specific Commitments)；“中国专利法”(China's Patent Law)等用语中，几乎都用China's而不用Chinese。
但着重“中国人的”意义时，应该用Chinese。
如“中方”(Chinese side)；“中国人”(Chinese nationals)；“中国政府”(Chinese government)；“中国执业律师”(Chinese national regis-tered lawyers)。
法律英语词汇大全(完美版)
法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right 同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right 亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment 个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise 中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act 双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act 法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act 要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act 要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term 生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death 死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death 准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent 再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation 时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility 刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault 推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness 过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things 主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing 孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership 所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract 地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude 担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage 抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage 抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage 抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage 抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage 留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart; offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类obligatio; obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation主债prime/principal obligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation合同之债contractual obligation侵权行为之债tort obligation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费hospital treatment expense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee of obligation财产担保property guarantee信用担保credit guarantee让与担保alienation guarantee保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship保证金guaranty bond; security deposit押金deposit; foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidated damages by law约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement 债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge; satisfaction提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment 优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection 特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner创作creation作品opus; product; work著作人格权right of personality of copyright 发表权right of publication署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision 完整性保持权right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment重播权right of rebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright 剽窃plagiary; plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge工业产权industrial property专利权patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则prior application rule使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造invention and creation实用新型utility model外观设计design; industrial design发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery专利申请patent application专利异议objection to a patent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement 技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate of patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册international registration of trademark商品商标commodity trademark服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark广告商标advertisement trademark近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board商标审查trademark examination商标侵权trademark infringement商标注册registered trademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family,inheritance, adoption婚姻法marital law; marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property重婚bigamy独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties婚姻登记marriage registration婚生子女ligitimate child计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law 旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation 涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements 配偶spouse事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation探视权visitation right同居cohabitation 晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural blood relation收养法adoption law收养协议adoption agreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption涉外收养adoption with foreign elements继承法inheritance law; law of succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestate succession遗赠继承succession by devise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation; succession by subrogation世袭继承hereditary succession间接继承indirect succession转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir; successor第二顺序继承人successor second in order第一顺序继承人successor first in order继承参与人succession participant遗产inheritance; heritage遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor遗言last will and testament遗书last words遗赠bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement会计法accounting law税法tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law 消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest protection law产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law公司company; corporation有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership两合公司joint liability company控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venture company联营公司associated company; affiliated company国营公司state-own company国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company本国公司national/domestic company外国公司foreign company 上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company募集设立incorporation by stock floatation发起人floater; initiator公司名称name of company公司住址domicile of company出资contribution; capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements注册资本registered capital实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance 资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital 最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association; articles ofincorporation; bylaw公司登记incorporation; corporate registration 公司存续existence of company公司合并分立merger and split of company 公司并购corporate merger and acquisition公司管理corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿company rectification公司歇业closure of business公司和解company composition公司解散company dissolution公司清算company liquidation公司清理company winding-up竞业禁止non-commpete; competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’meeting表决权voting right; right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman of the board首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO)首席运营官chief operation officer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director 董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股share; stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock with voting power溢价股premium stock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金legal accumulation fund资本公积金capital accumulation fund盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund任意公积金optional accumulation fund公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue证券交易所stock exchange证券商securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange 深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange 证券监督委员会securities supervision committee票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes; bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercial instrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order; note to order 不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill 票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act on commercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer on commercial instrument 票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人bill pledgee/warrantee再追索人renewed recourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill; tenor票据债务人debtor of commercial instrument 追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership 船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull船舶保险单hull insurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnage measurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering船舶转租ship subchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities of ship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classification society船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权priority claim to general average服务优先权priority claim to service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit海运合同shipping contract提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminaljurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritime attachment海事优先请求权preferential right top maritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition for maritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of the distrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritime arbitration procedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntary insurance强制保险compulsory insurance商业保险commercial insurance财产保险property insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowment insurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemployment insurance 信用保险credit insurance保证保险guaranty insurance保险合同insurance contract保险人insurer; underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant for insurance;; policy holder 保险单insurance policy保险标的insurance object保险费premium保险期限time limit of insurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance; insurance compensation 保险事故insurance accident保险赔偿insurance indemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurance broker索赔claim代位索赔claim by subrogation理赔settlement of claim代位求偿权right of subrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging of insurance。
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例 13
A person shall not, by reason only of his being an executor of a will, be incompetent to be admitted a witness to prove the execution of such will, or a witness to prove the validity or invalidity thereof. 任何人不会仅因为身为遗嘱执行人﹐而 没有资格获接受为见证人以证明遗嘱的签 立﹐或证明该遗嘱具备或不具备效力。
例3
Any person who by threats, persuasion or otherwise induces a witness or a party not to give evidence in any hearing before the Board commits an offence. 任何人籍恐吓﹑怂恿或以其它手段诱使证 人或一方当事人不在仲裁处聆讯中作证﹐ 即属犯罪。
如只因申索人的申索超逾附表所述的款额﹐以致该申 索超逾仲裁处的司法管辖权范围﹐则申索人可放弃追 讨超额的款项﹐而在此情况下﹐仲裁处有查讯﹑聆讯 及裁决该宗申索的司法管辖权。
2.5 ANY PERSON WHO DOES... SHALL ...
在法律条例中，尤其是在各地的刑法条例中(或类 似性质的条例)，“any person who does… shall be guilty of an offence”这种句型重复率相当高， 因为法律的主要功能是界定何种行为属于违法以 及应受到怎样的处罚，而这个句型是其中一个最 简明、直接的表达方式。在句法上，这个句型通 常会把主语和谓语用逗号分开，中间加插一个定 语修饰词。 以下是典型的例句及其若干变种：
除籍以下方式外﹐任何遗嘱的全部或任何部分﹐均不得撤销-(a)根据第13条的规定籍缔结婚姻而撤销﹔或 (b)籍按照第5条签立的另一份遗嘱而撤销﹔或 (c)籍依照签立遗嘱方式签立的遗嘱撤销书而撤销﹔或 (d)由立遗嘱人﹑或由其它人在立遗嘱人面前并依其指示﹐ 将遗嘱烧毁﹑撕毁或以其它方法毁灭﹐而其意愿是撤销该遗嘱。
2.2 SUBJECT TO
该短语在法律英文中一般都跟 “agreement”, “section”, “contract”等法律 文件名或文件中特定条款名配合使用。 通常可翻译成“以……为条件”、“根 据……规定”、“ 在符合………的情况 下”、“除……另有规定外”以及“在不 抵触……下”等。
例7 Subject to subsection (3), the Board shall have jurisdiction to inquire into, hear and determine the claims specified in the Schedule.
除第（3）款另有规定外﹐仲裁处具备查讯 ﹑聆讯及裁决附表内指明的申索的司法管 辖权。
如有2名或以上的人以合伙人或其它身分而属同一 宗申索的被告人﹐法律程序文件可送达予其中任何一 人﹐而判定该收件人败诉的裁定可由申索人获得﹐执 行程序亦可向该受件人进行﹐即使任何其它共同有责 的人可能未获得送达法律程序文件﹐或不属当事人﹐ 或不在仲裁处的司法管辖权范围内﹐均无例外。
例5
No will or any part thereof shall be revoked otherwise than -(a) by marriage as provided by section 13; or (b) by another will executed in accordance with section 5; or (c) by a written revocation executed in the manner in which the will was executed; or (d) by the burning, tearing or otherwise destroying of it by the testator, or by some person in his presence and by his direction, with the intention of revoking it.
2. 法律英语典型句型的翻译 2.1 OTHERWISE
1.
2. 3.
Otherwise 在法律英语中的用法： 跟unless引导的句子（让步状语从句）连 用； 置放在连词or之后使用； 与than一起，通常用来否定句子的主语。
例1 In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires, "state" means a territory or group of territories having its own law of nationality. (Laws of Hong Kong, Cap.30, Wills Ordinance, Art. 2) 在本条例中﹐除文意另有所指外, “国家” 指拥有本身国籍法的领域或一组领域。
例6
Subject to this section, an appeal shall be brought in such manner and shall be subject to such conditions as are prescribed by rules made under subsection (5). 在符合本条的规定下,上诉须按根据(5)款订 立的规则内订明的方式提出,并须受该规则 所订明的条件规限。 or more persons are defendants to a claim, as partners or otherwise, a process may be served on any of them and an award may be obtained and execution issued against any person so served notwithstanding that any other persons jointly liable may not have been served or been a party or may not be within the jurisdiction of the Board.
例 14
At the hearing of a complaint or information, a party may be represented by counsel; and an absent party so represented shall be deemed not to be absent. 在申诉或告发案聆讯时﹐任何一方均可 由代表律师代表；某一方如有律师代表﹐ 即使缺席﹐亦不当作缺席。
然而，由于法律文本意思艰深晦涩、用词古 板守旧、句型复杂冗长等特点，使得法律翻 译的难度大大高于其他类型的翻译实践。 法律文本用词用语有僵化的倾向，某些句型 重复使用的频率非常高；而且，法律翻译的 一个重要原则就是保持术语和句型结构在译 文中的同一性。因此，如果能掌握此类典型 句型的翻译，可以大大提高翻译翻译工作的 效率。 本讲撷取法律文本中的高频句型并就其典型 译法进行讨论。
例2 A notice under subjection (1) shall, unless it otherwise provides, apply to the income from any property specified therein as it applies to the property itself. 根据第（1）款发出的通知书﹐除其中另 有订定外﹐亦适用于通知书内指明的财产 的收入﹐一如适用于该项财产本身。
2.3 WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO
这个英文法律短语的功能相当于普通英文中的 “without affecting”。与上一节“subject to...”的 句法结构相同，跟在“without prejudice to”这个 短语之后的通常是一个指代某项法律条款的名词。 但对有关事物或条款的规限程度，没有前者那么 强硬。前者规限的程度是必须“符合”或“依照” 有关条款或规定，后者指不要影响或损害其规限 的事物。在汉语中，其意思相当于“在不损 害……的原则下”、“在不影响……的情况下”、 “…… 不受影响”、“ 不妨碍……”、以及“不 规限……”等等。
例 12 Any person who, without lawful authority or reasonable excuse, while having dealings of any kind with any other public body, offers any advantage to any public servant employed by that public body, shall be guilty of an offence. 任何人与其它公共机构进行任何事务往来时 ﹐无合法权限或合理辩解而向受雇于该公共机构 的公职人员提供任何利益﹐即属犯罪。
例8 Without prejudice to section 24, the following shall be treated as properly executed ...
在不影响第24条规定的原则下﹐以下的遗 嘱须视为正式签立……
例9 Without prejudice to the rights of the Attorney General every complainant or informant shall be at liberty to conduct the complaint or information respectively and to have the witnesses examined and crossexamined by him or by counsel on his behalf. 在不损害律政司权利的原则下﹐每名申诉人或 告发人可进行其申诉或告发﹐并亲自或由代表律 师讯问及盘问证人。