剑桥商务英语词汇11
新编剑桥商务英语(高级)词汇总结
Module 11、quotation 引用2、self-employed 个体经商的3、resign 辞职4、apply for 申请5、lay off (生意萧条时)临时解雇，下岗6、dismiss（由于雇员本人的不好）解雇7、overtime 超时的，加班8、laser equipment激光设备9、live for the moment 活在当下10、spontaneous心血来潮，自发11、think and plan for the future为未来做打算12、take off 休假13、Entitlement Generation 养尊处优的一代14、entitle to有权利做…15、little appetite for hard work不想努力工作16、twenty-somethings二十多岁的人17、instant gratification瞬间满足18、codding parents and colleges溺爱的父母和大学19、we were spoiled by your generation我们被你们这一代宠坏了20、break our backs for you努力工作21、bury themselves in a cubicle 埋头苦干22、delegate jobs分配工作23、recruitment 招聘24、older employees员工老龄化25、senior management高级管理26、CV=resume简历27、education background教育背景28、object/key section工作目标29、certificate/license证书30、bank office后勤部门；股票或证券交易清算室31、marital status婚姻状况32、constellation星座33、Geneva日内瓦34、pilot project尝试性计划35、tackle 抓住，处理36、canton 州，行政区37、integration集成综合，取消种族隔离38、commune谈心，亲密交谈39、sign up to participate in报名参加40、call up 传唤41、under the terms of=according to根据42、quantify使…确切、数字化43、National Assembly国会44、mandatory强制的45、initiative主动性，倡议46、preconceived idea先入为主的观念47、rule out the possibility of..的可能性48、firefighter消防员49、fundraiser募捐者50、trainee investment advisor投资建设者51、（put….）on the spot在现场；故意使某人处于难堪境地52、reward报答，酬劳53、recruit招聘，新员工54、permanent post固定工作55、reluctant不愿的56、voluntary自愿的57、codding溺爱的58、paediatrics儿科学59、veteran 富有经验的人60、flipside反面，相反情况61、teleworking电子化办公62、life expectancy预期寿命63、personal summary个人情况介绍64、dynamic有活力的65、knowdegeable有知识的66、interpersonal skill人际交往技能67、software solution软件解决方案68、entrepreneur企业家69、expertise专长70、self-motivated自我激励的71、pre-course预备课程72、reference证明(人)73、covering letter附信74、ongoing持续存在的75、on one’s own initiative主动地76、job-hunt frequently不断地跳槽77、paid holiday带薪休假78、tanker邮轮79、leak泄露80、tug拖船81、publicity公众的注意82、media attention媒体关注assert oneself坚持自己的权利（意见）83、ground使搁浅，使触海底84、routine日常的，例行的85、relocate使安置于新地点86、entail需要87、feature特写88、improvise临时做/提供89、denim粗斜棉布90、stone-washed 磨砂的91、plant成套设备92、allegation断言93、toxic有毒的94、plastic coating 塑料覆盖层95、migrant worker民工96、e-waste电子垃圾97、employee loyalty 员工忠诚98、employee commitment员工敬业精神99、derive from从..中得到100、incentive鼓励101、commendation赞扬102、instrinsic内在的，本质的103、advancement提升，晋升Module 21、sales turnover/revenue营业额2、share capital股本3、market share市场份额4、number of outlets门店5、entry 网页，登录6、subsidiary子公司7、headquarter 总部8、division分部9、sale offices销售点10、be based in总部位于11、acquire/acquisition=take over收购12、merge/merge兼并13、go bankrupt破产14、after-sales services售后服务15、divest=sell off廉价出售16、close=shut down关闭17、logistic company物流公司18、organic growth内生增长19、non-organic growth非内生增长20、heap积累21、at the top of the heap=leader领导者22、blockbuster大公司23、completely=with no doubt=squarel正好24、aim at针对25、dominated主导的26、core database核心数据库27、application应用28、dig at挖苦，嘲笑29、at the heart核心30、industry行业31、innovation创新32、small-scale acquisition小型收购33、midmarket中阶市场34、since then自那以后35、kickoff（竞选等）活动开始、启动36、CA=California 37、bitter心酸的38、takeover bid竞价收购39、trying circumstance困难的境地/形势40、momentum势头lose momentum失去势头41、with class出众，优异a girl with class有出众风度的姑娘42、our heads hold high=be proud骄傲，自豪43、commentator评论家44、the way employees are rewarded奖赏方式45、tempo节奏46、throw sb.in at the deep end是某人在毫无准备的情况下做困难的事47、sum up总结48、accountable for=be responsible for对…负责49、in fairness公正地说50、paternalistic大家长式的51、wield the axe挥舞斧头，裁员52、get flak受到抨击53、territory领土53、stock brokers证券公司54、categorise分组，分类55、organisational culture企业文化56、sector行业57、crucial role关键作用58、developer开发商59、macho硬汉，男子汉气概60、devolve委派，下放61、hierarchies等级62、plodding拖拉63、bureaucracy官僚资本主义64、empower授权，许可65、job secruity工作稳定性66、measurable可测量的，重大的67、clear lines of reporting and areas of responsibility明确划分权限和职责范围68、non-financial rewards非金钱奖励69、informal relationship轻松关系70、present facts陈述事实71、speculation猜测72、post=announce宣布73、be in line with与..一致74、high street商业街75、quieter生意清闲的、清淡的76、flat生意不景气的77、retail outlets经销机构78、internet presence网络出口79、core competency核心竞争力80、market prospect市场前景81、market price市场价格82、cashflow资金流动83、profit margin利润率84、premise场所85、go out of business歇业86、go public挂牌上市87、divest使卸下88、blockbuster了不起的人89、headline头版重要新闻90、suite软件套件91、platform平台92、motto座右铭93、resigned屈从的，顺从的94、saga一长串事件95、conclusion结局96、insurance premiums保险费97、consensus一致意见98、charisma领袖气质99、one-top一站式的，提供一揽子商品（服务）的100、discreet言行谨慎的101、accessories装饰品102、profile简介103、poll 民意测验104、interpersonal skill交际能力105、time management skill时间管理能力106、problem-solving skill解决问题的能力107、customer service training 顾客服务培训108、knowledge industry知识产业109、textile industry纺织行业110、information industry信息行业111、raw material extraction industry原材料开采行业Module 31、make/receive a phone call2、issue/put out a press release3、launch/run anadvertisement 4、give/make a presentation 5、hold/attend a meeting/seminar6、produce/publish a report7、send out/circulate a memo to all concerned 9、post/put information on the internet 10、make economies节省11、elaborate复杂的，详尽的12、means of communication沟通方式13、make of理解，看待14、investment portfolio证券投资组合15、get a good point说得有道理16、utility公用事业17、crosssell交叉销售18、more….than….与其说…不如说…. 19、call center呼叫中心20、bill enquiry账单查询21、counter-productive产生相反效果的22、depersonalise没有人情味23、commoditise使商品化24、rationlise使合理化25、transaction交易26、bank deposits银行储蓄27、cash withdrawals现金支取28、issuing of statements结单通知29、cash machine取款机30、driver动力31、high street shopping实体店购物32、start out/off开始谋业33、embrace拥抱；欣然接受34、train times火车时刻表35、Alaska阿拉斯加36、SMS=short messaging service短信37、MSN=Microsoft Service Net微软公司38、Blackberry黑莓手机39、managing director总经理40、make a request请求41、give sb.a reminder提醒某人42、make a proposal建议；订婚43、make an announcement通知44、make a demand要求45、customer charter顾客约章46、confidential机密的47、national and local calls长途与本地电话48、refund the difference退还差价49、impartial公正的50、satisfaction survey顾客满意度调查51、straightway立即，马上52、come straight back马上回来53、activate激活54、parcel delivery company包裹邮递公司55、a fish tank鱼缸56、mail order company邮购公司57、air pump气泵58、the service department服务部59、electricity company供电公司60、unsolicited未经要求的，主动提供的61、laptop computer笔记本电脑62、aquarium水族馆63、fitness club健身俱乐部64、iron熨斗65、nevertheless=still 66、consequently=so 67、owing to=because of 68、moreover=what’s more 69、following=after 70、since=because 71、besides=anyway 72、receptionist 接待人员73、doormen门卫74、existing staff现有的员工75、customer behavior 消费行为76、telephone operator接线员77、handset手机78、accredit相信，认可Module 41、aptitude能力2、altitude高度3、detour绕弯路4、dead-end street死胡同5、price competition价格战6、selling point卖点7、competitive advantage竞争优势8、emotional/perceived benefits情感利益9、added value附加值10、prospective customer潜在的顾客11、buying signal成交信号12、car dealer汽车行13、close the sale成交14、reserve the order预定15、deposit定金16、build/establish trust建立信任17、spaceship飞船18、VW大众19、suit one’s image 符合身份20、hard sell强硬销售21、deodorants除臭剂22、advertiser广告商23、march行进，行军24、ubiquity普遍存在25、digital revolution数字革命26、upsurge高潮27、in favor of支持；宁愿选择28、television viewing电视收视率29、personal video recorder technology（PVR）录像机30、medium媒体31、material影响深远的32、the sharp end激进分子33、Unilever联合利华34、Internet budget网络预算35、direct response advertising直效广告36、the consumer goods giant消费品巨头37、sponsorship赞助38、long-running持续时间长的39、make its presence felt使周围的人感觉你的重要性40、rewind倒退41、fast forwarding快进42、on demand有求必应43、search-based advertising 基于搜索的广告44、receptive乐于接受的45、huge premium巨额保费46、tune in to调整，调台47、Dancing on Ice花样滑冰48、engage针对49、catch-all包罗万象的50、holistic整体的，全面的51、tap into开发52、social networking sites交友网站53、feel compelled to do sth.情不自禁干某事54、come of age到达法定年龄、成年；到达成熟时期55、in the short term从短期来说56、creat a buzz 造势57、clip夹子，回形针58、present figures描述业绩59、roller coaster过山车60、fluctuate=go up and down=vary上下起伏61、pick up=recove=bounce 恢复62、hit=reach 63、high point=peak 64、due to=because of=owing to=down to 65、over=during=in 66、overdrive加速，赶工67、stabilish=level off 68、clear out our stock清仓69、up to=as much as 70、result in=lead to 71、pharmaceutical制药的72、forecast预计73、best-selling最畅销的74、eye contact眼神交流75、curve 曲线76、what general trend大概趋势77、per capita人均的78、connect with=relative to与…相关79、decision maker决策者80、option选用件81、reliability可靠性82、prospect可能成为主顾的人83、constraint限制，约束84、anecdote轶事，趣闻86、pushy粗鲁的，莽撞的87、payment terms支付方式88、niche专门市场89、point-of-sale销售网点90、viral marketing病毒式营销91、vehicle advertising车辆广告92、banner ads横幅广告93、broadband宽带94、media company传媒公司95、commission佣金96、across the board全面地97、blues忧郁，沮丧98、given考虑到99、slow-release（药效）缓慢的释放100、disruption扰乱101、supply chain供应链102、in reserve被留出备用103、margin利润104、palm oil棕榈油105、supply and demand供应与需求106、ingredient配料Module 51、flow chart流程图2、invoice发票；开发票3、owe money欠钱4、take out获得5、bet money on a horse赌马6、withdraw money取钱7、bank manager 银行经理8、interest rate利息9、term条款10、security担保11、save rate 存款率12、consumer confidence index消费者信心指数13、credit信贷；信用证；学分14、oversee监督15、legacy遗产，遗留物16、remortgage再次抵押17、thrillion万亿18、down-payment首次付款（首付）19、asset values(资产价值) will crash资产价值崩溃20、equity财产净值；股票；所有者权益21、negative equity负债资产22、by far最，无疑，很23、so far到达某一程度so far so good到目前为止，一切都好24、flyover立交桥25、gas-guzzling cars 滥吃狂饮26、equation方程式，影响因素27、leverage影响力28、location 地点29、seating capacity座位容量30、current cost of a ticket当前票价31、lease租约32、turnover营业额34、expenditure支出，income收入35、variable costs可变成本，fixed costs固定成本36、assets资产，liabilities负债37、gross 毛重，net净重38、current当前的，long-term长期的39、profit利润，loss 亏损40、dividends红利，retained profit留存利润41、creditor债权人，debtor 债务人42、profitable盈利的，unprofitable亏损的43、accounts payable应付账款，accounts receivable应收账款44、financial statement财务报表45、health 运营状况46、your first port of call（沿途要落脚/拜访的地方）你首先要看的是47、the accounts财务报表48、balance sheet资产负债表49、the income statement=the profit and loss accounts所得计算书50、cashflow statement现金流表51、snapshot简要说明；快照52、at a given moment=over a given period 在某一特定时期53、owe to欠54、set sth. against sth.把…与…联系起来55、current asset流动资产56、the notes to the accounts账目记录57、run the business经营58、gross profit毛利润，net profit净利润59、proverbial众所周知60、profit after tax税后利润61、calculator计算器62、the bottom line 底线63、do some sums算一算是否有钱去做….64、total revenue/turnover总收入65、operating income营业收入66、current liabilities流动负债67、starting line开办费用68、cash from operating经营产生的现金69、cash from investing 投资产生的现金70、cash from financing融资产生的现金71、net change in cash净现金流72、material costs材料成本73、administrative costs管理费用74、distribution costs运输成本75、overheads日常开支76、development costs 开发成本77、finance costs财务成本78、advertising expenditure广告花销79、free samples免费样品80、bank charges银行手续费81、vehicle insurance 车辆保险82、heating加热，供暖设备83、make reductions缩减84、car hire company汽车出租公司85、compromise妥协86、napkin纸巾87、consumer spending消费者支出88、avert挡开89、gallon加仑90、equation综合体91、multipex多剧场影剧院92、research and development expenditure研究与开发费用93、operating expenses营业费用94、manufacturing costs生产成本95、shopping mall大型购物中心96、hole漏洞97、blue-chip（股票）热门的98、hindsight事后的认识。
剑桥商务英语简单词汇
剑桥商务英语简单词汇1 bulk 大量2call打电话3 call on 呼吁4 campaign 战役5 candidate 候选人6cantee食堂7 capacity 生产额8capture 赢得9 cash 现金10 cash flow 现金流量11 catalogue 目录12 catastrophe 大灾难13 chain 连锁店14 challenger 挑选者15 channel 渠道16 charge 使承担17 chart 图表18 ceckout 付款台19 chief 主要的20 circular 传阅的小册子21 claim 要求22 client 委托人23 cold 没人找上门24 commercialize 使商品化25 comisision 佣金26 commitment 承诺27 commodity 商品28 company 公司29 compensate 赔偿30 compesation 补偿31 compete 竞争32 competition 对手33 competition 竞争的34 component 机器元件35 condition 条件36 conflict 冲突37 consolidate 账目合并38 consortium 财团39 constant 恒定的40 consultant 咨询人员41 consumables 消费品42 contract 合同43 contractor 承办商44 contribute 提供45 contribution 贡献46 conversion 改装47 conveyor 传送48 core time 基本上班时间49 cost 成本50 running costs 日常管理费用51 costing 成本计算、52 credit 赊购53 damages 损害54 dedline 最后期限55 deal 交易56 dealer 商人57 debit 解放58 debt 欠款59 declare 申报60 deduct 扣除61 defer 推迟62 deficit 赤字63 depot 仓库64 deputyl 令人沮丧的65 direct 管理66 dog 呆滞品67 due 应付的68 dynamic 有活力的69 engage 雇佣70 entitle 授权71 equity 股东权益72 evaluate 股价73 job 工作74 legal 合法的75 lease 租借76 lend 出借77 link 关系78 likely 可能的79 lessee 承租人80 ledger 分类账81 lead 领导人82 key 主要83 input 投入84 label 标签85 labor 劳动86 lesser 出租人87 leverage 杠杆比赛88 license 许可证89 liquid 易焕成现款的90 listed 等级注册的91 interest 利息92 interviw 面试93 inventory 库存94 initial 初步的95 introdue 介绍96 joint 联合的97 litigate 提出诉讼98 listing上市公司名录99 layout 工厂的布局100 lead time 完成某项活动所需的时间101102103。
剑桥商务英语词汇大全
剑桥商务英语词汇大全.Unit 1 the 3 sectors of economy经济的三个部分Infrastructure 基础结构Lean produce 精益生产Warehouse 仓库Industrial units 工业区Residential building 住宅区Agricultural land 农耕区Housing estate地产Managing director 董事总经理，总裁Wholesale outlet 批发商店Retail outlet 零售店Calculation of price 价格计算Added value 增值Smelt 熔炼，提炼Mill 磨Weld 焊接Ex works 出厂价Up stream 上游Down stream 下游Total picture 全局Maintenance 保养，维修Bauxite 铝土矿Coil 线圈Cement 水泥Labor cost 劳力成本Semi-finished 半成品Finished product 成品Department of health 卫生部Primary sector 第一产业Secondary sector 第二产业Tertiary sector 第三产业Raw material 原材料Administration 管理Law 司法Computing 计算机操作Personnel 人事Distribute 分配，配送Health care 医疗卫生Logistics 物流Assemble 装配Disassemble 拆卸Assembling line 生产线Iron ore 铁矿石Division of labor 劳动分工Heavy industry 重工业Light industry 轻工业Marketing 市场营销Chain of command 指挥系统，行政管理系统Core technology 核心技术Know-how 技术诀窍Labor-intensive 劳动密集型Technology-intensive 技术密集型Capital-intensive 资本密集型Hinterland 内地，腹地Initial outlay 初期投资Garments 服装Unit 2 management 管理Manager’s job= planning+ organizing+ leading+ con trolling Allocate resources 分配资源Pay and promotion 薪酬和晋升Modify 修正Line manager 一线经理Immediate line manager 直接下属的一线经理Top manager 高层经理Top management 高层管理Middle management 中层管理Supplier 供应商Public authorities 政府部门Be advised 听取意见Distributor 分销商Swiss franc 瑞士法郎Appreciate 升值Depreciate 贬值Component of economy 经济部门Good will resource 商誉Human resource 人力资源Natural resource 自然资源Market share 市场份额Monopoly in/ of/ on 垄断，专利品Management skills 管理技能Management tactics 管理技巧Decision-making 决策Board of directors 董事会Chairman of the board 董事长High-performance car 高性能汽车Tangible/ physical resources 有形资源Capital resources 资本资源Superior 上级Subordinate 下属Senior manager 资深经理Junior manager 初级经理Corporate culture 公司文化Check and balance 制衡Hardware 五金，硬件Monopoly/ lock 垄断Interchangement 互换Solution provider 方案提供商Chain store 连锁店Work experience 工作经历Working hour 工作时间Price v. 定价；比价Chief operation office 首席运营官Operation management 作业管理Financial management 财务管理HR management 人力资源管理Marketing management 销售管理Logistics management 物流管理OTC= over the counter 成药Arts 文科Science 理科Engineering 工科Simulate 仿造，模仿High-end product 高端产品Rock bottom price 最低价Frills 虚饰Target market 目标市场Empowerment 赋权Ad hoc 特别，专门Task force 特遣部队，特别行动组Cash and assets 现金和资产Buffer= cushion 起缓冲作用的人或物Leeway 余地，余裕Product 产品Productivity 生产率Produce 生产；特产local produce 地方特产Delegation 代表团Corporate statement = mission statement 公司主旨Aim/ vision 愿景Corporate image 公司形象For here 堂食To go 带走Focus group 焦点小组Innovation 创新，革新Manageable 可管理的，可处理的Set objective 设置目标Safety net 安全网Dismiss 解职，开除Expertise 专门技术Merchandise 商品，货物Verify 检验，核实IBM= International Business MachinesThe retail sector 零售业Predescribed quantities 预先定好的数量Layout 布局Sales staff 销售人员Working environment 工作环境Day-to-day logistics 日常物流，后勤Day-to-day running of the store 商店的日常运营Strategic management 战略管理Formulating strategy 制定战略Delegation 授权Parameter 参数High street= main street 大众的（商品）Replenish→replenishment （货物的）补充Members of staff 公司职员Voice your consent 抱怨Inventory = stock 库存Policy 保单（a contract of insurance）Philosophy 理念Regular meeting 例会，常规会议Accountability 问责性Unit 3 company structure 公司结构Recruitment 雇佣，招募Remuneration 报酬Department of legal affairs 法务部Purchase 采购部IT 信息技术部R&D 研发部Tooling 加工部Immediate boss 直接上司Immediate subordinate 直接下属Autonomous 自制的Decentralization 分散化，权力下放，分权Function 功能Hierarchy 等级Line authority 直线职权Report to 向……负责Subordinates 下属Matrix 矩阵Assistant manager 助理经理Manager assistant 经理助理Functional structure 机能结构= production+ finance+ marketing市场营销+ sales+ personnel/ HRLead time 订货交付时间Reorganization 改组Operating division 运营段，运营分部Overlap 重叠Commercial division 商业银行Private banking 私人理财International division 国际银行Investment division 投资银行Inherent problem 固有的问题Product manager 产品经理Market segment 市场细分Autonomy 自治权Priority 优先权Dimensional 四维基质的Sales force 销售队伍Commission 提成Optional features 可选功能，可选装置Cash balance 现金平衡Credit facility 信用工具Profit margin 利益空间Research and development spending 研发投入Self-financing 使用自有资金，自筹资金Organization chart 组织结构图Market research 市场调研（部）Teller 出纳Advertising and promotion 广告与促销Publicity 宣传Industrial belt 工业带Corporate ethos 公司风气Collaboration 协作Insulated = isolated 隔绝的Fragmentation 分裂Subsidiary 分公司Openness 开放性Downsizing 裁员Downturn 下滑Recession 衰退Chief financial officer 财务总监Unit 4 work and motivation工作和动机Induce 劝诱，促使Incentive 动力，刺激Labor relations 劳资关系Labor union 工会Benefit 福利，津贴Perk 津贴，补贴Supplement 额外费用Bureaucracy 官僚主义Job safety 工作安全性Job security 工作稳定性Sales promotion 促销Remuneration 薪水Psychological well-being 心理满足Administration 行政管理Working condition 工作条件Paid holiday 带薪假日Sick pay 病假工资Pension 养老金Psychology of work 工作心理学Recognition 认可，承认Checkout till 结账柜台的现金出纳机Checkout 结账柜台Till 现金出纳机Cash till 收银台Cash register 收银处Product line 生产线Product line-up 产品系列User-friendly 易于使用的Go round 分配Creature comfort 物质享受Interface 界面程序Annual bonus 年度奖金Corporate culture 公司文化= values价值观+ beliefs信条+ norms标准Dead-end job 没前途的工作Stock order = replenishment 货物补充Hygiene 卫生Play pool 打台球Health screening program 健康检查Sales floor 店面Trade floor 交易所Bus depot 汽车总站Profit-sharing programme 收益分享Career training 职业培训Working week 工作周Pre-school age children 学前儿童Premise 工作场所Subsidize 补贴Tinned food 罐装食物Piecework system 计件系统Pay scheme 薪酬计划Unit 5 management and cultural diversity 管理与文化多样性Localization 本地化Globalization 全球化Pay-for-performance 绩效工资Collectivist 集体主义的Sales rep 商品经销代理Universalist 普爱论者Particularist 排他主义者Glocalization 全球地方化Multinational 跨国公司Unit 6 recruitment 招聘Applicant 申请人Application 申请Application form 申请表Candidate 候选人Curriculum vitae = resume 简历Employment agency 职介机构Job description 职责描述Job vacancy 职务空缺Reference 推荐信Short-list 列入最后候选名单Covering letter= cover letter 附函Give notice 预先通知（辞退）A form of headhunters 猎头公司Follow up 跟进Preliminary selection 初选Testimonials 证明书，推荐书Synchronized sewing 同步缝纫Traineeship 培训Referee 介绍人，推荐人Controlling stake 控股权Contingency 意外事件Contingency plan 应变计划Contingency fund 以外开支准备金Core competence 核心竞争力Home provider 持家者Stereotype 成见Maternity leave 产假Sick pay 病假The trade 同行Trade union = labor union 工会Working class 无产阶级，工薪族Child-bearingChild-rearingAffirmative action 倾向性法案Positive discrimination 积极差别Corporate affairs 公司事务Allowances 津贴，补贴Unit 7 labor relationship劳资关系Trade union= labor union 工会Motorway 高速公路Collective bargaining 集体谈判Go-slow= slowdown 怠工Working-to-rule 按章工作Industrial action 劳工行动Picket 纠察Rate of production 生产速率Premises 企业的房屋建筑及附属场地Outsource 外包Subcontract 转包Subcontractor 承包商Out of house 机构外部的In-house 机构内部的Backstreet 偏僻街道Bill 开出账单，收取费用Staff levels 人员配备情况Bargaining power 议价权Conglomerate 联合大公司，企业集团Arch-rival 主要竞争对手Penalty point 违章扣分记录Pay-as-you-go 打多少交多少话费Auditor 审计员Adversary 对手，敌手Working hours gongzuoshij Working practices 工作惯例Uneconomic job 不赚钱的工作Tyranny 专制Deregulation 解除管制Work force 劳动力Public sector 共有部门Unit 8 production生产Flexible production line 柔性生产线Trade-off 妥协，协调，平衡Opportunity cost 机会成本Sunk cost 沉没成本Raw materials 原材料Semi-finished 半成品Finished 成品Product defect 质量缺陷Excess capacity 剩余产能Fixed cost 固定成本Variable cost 可变成本Cash flow 现金流Information flow 信息流Material flow 物料流Logistics 物流Lost sales 销售损失Market share 市场份额Production run 生产周期Mother-board 主板Hard disc 硬盘Chip 芯片Chassis （汽车）底盘Call center 呼叫中心OEM= original equipment manufacter 设备原产商，贴牌制造商Lean production 精益生产= stockless production 零库存生产= JIT= just-in-time production 准时制生产= continuous flow manufacture 连续流程生产PPM= piece per million 每百万件瑕疵率Continuous improvement= kaizen= kaizan 改善哲学Deming cycle= PDCA= plan-do-check-act 德明环ERP= enterprise resources planning 企业资源计划Scientific outlook 科学发展观No slack 无松懈，无容余Hi-fi= high fidelity 高保真Wi-fi= wireless fidelity 无线保真Operation manager 操作经理，运营经理Lead time 交付时间，订货到收货时间间隔Outsourcing= contracting out 外包Plant 工厂Subcontractor 承包商，分包商Economies of scale 规模经济Handling 搬运Depreciation 贬值Set-up 机器设置Obsolescence 过时，废弃Theft 盗窃，偷盗Breakage 破损Leakage 渗漏Under-utilizing 开工不足Defective 次品Quantity discount 大宗购买折扣Stimulate demand 刺激需求Sabotage 蓄意破坏Throughput 生产量，加工阶段Throughput time 输入到输出的加工阶段所需时间Product mix 产品组合Product line 产品系列，产品线Product range 产品范围QC department= quality department 质量部Knock-on 附带效果，间接影响，累积效果Knock-on effect 连续反应Circuit board 电路板Implant 植入Transplant 移植Refine process 完善Refinery 精炼厂TQM= Total quality management 全面质量管理Assembling 组装Distribute 分销Equipment 设备，（企业除了房产以外的）固定资产Facility 设备Joint venture 合资企业Location 位置，选址Operation 操作，运营Parts 零件Recall 召回Storage 贮藏（量）Work in process 正在进行的工作Unit 9 products产品Launch a product 发布产品Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度Brand awareness 品牌知名度Brand preference 品牌偏爱度Brand switcher 转换不同牌子的人Product line 产品线Product line-up 全系列产品Product mix 产品组合（一种产品的不同形式）Product range 产品范围PLC= Product life cycle 产品生命周期Niche 缝隙Niche market 缝隙市场Line-stretching 产品线的扩展Line filling 产品系列的填补Market segment 细分市场Segmentation of the market 市场细分High-end market 高端市场Low-end market 低端市场Up-market 向高端市场Down-market 向低端市场Product image 产品形象Corporate image 公司形象Shelf life 货架期，存活期Sell-by date 销售期限Expiration date= expire date 产品有效期Eye-soreAround the clock 24小时营业Portion 一客Dehydrate 使脱水Shareholder= stockholder 股东Stakeholder 利益一致者，风险共担体制Logo 标志Slogan 口号Service station （高速公路旁的）服务站Desktop machine 台式机器Financing 融资Economics 经济情况，经济因素Color scheme 色彩主题，色彩搭配Credit facility 信用工具Warranty = guarantee 保修Maintenance 维修保养After-sales service 售后服务Brand name 品牌Brand 商标，牌子Shelf space 货架空位Product development 产品研发Profitability 利润率Vending machine 自动售货机Prototype 原型，雏形Augmented 扩张的Delivery 交货，交付Initiative 主动积极性Market share 市场份额，市场占有率Multi-brand strategy 多品牌策略Vandalize 蓄意损坏公物Retailer 零售商Colgate 高露洁Philips 飞利浦Procter & Gamble 宝洁Unilever 联合利华Yamaha 雅马哈Unit 10 marketing市场营销Marketing mix市场营销组合，营销要素组合= product+ promotion+ price+ placePromotion 促销= advertising+ word of mouth+ public relations+ point of saleMarketing= advertising 广告+ personal selling 人员推销+ sales promotion 促销+ publicity and public relations 宣传和公共关系Optional 选择（配置）Standard 标准（配置）Personal selling 人员推销Direct marketing 直销Direct mail 直邮Business market= producer market= industrial 商务市场，生产资料市场Consumer market 消费市场List price 标价= suggested retail price= recommended retail price 建议零售价Management consulting 管理咨询Tie range 领带系列Texture 质地Lycra 莱卡Take remedial action 采取补救措施Qualitative analysis 定性分析Quantitive research 定量分析Internal research 内部分析Raw/ primary/ first-hand data 一手数据Secondary/ second-hand data 二手数据Academic journal 学术期刊Trade journal 行业期刊Wine testing session 品酒会Sample v. 尝试，品尝Distribution channel 分销渠道，配送渠道Market research= marketing research 市场研究，市场调研Centrality 集中性Console 控制台Focus group 焦点小组Head office 公司总部Market opportunity 市场机会Integration 整合Marketer 营销人员Publicity 宣传Questionnaire 调查问卷Sales promotion 促销活动Selling 推销Target customer 目标顾客Hard-sell 硬性推销Market segmentation 市场细分Point of sale 销售点Product concept 产品概念Product features 产品功能Sales representative 销售代理B2B= business to business 企业对企业Selling concept 销售概念Marketing concept 行销概念Differential advantage 差异优势Integrated marketing 整合营销Discount 折扣Payment periodCredit terms 信用调侃Product manager 产品经理Brand manager 品牌经理Annual report 年报Unit11 advertising广告Advertising account 广告客户Advertising agent 广告公司Advertising campaign 广告宣传，广告攻势Brief 摘要Budget 预算Commercial 广播或电视广告Comparative-parity method 相对平等方法，比较奇偶方法Cost per thousand= CPM 每一千个成本Counter-cyclical advertising 非循环的广告Diminishing returns 收益递减Exposure 暴露Frequency 频率Institutional advertising 机构广告= prestige advertising 声望广告Media plan 媒体计划Media space 媒体空间Message 讯息，广告词OTS= opportunity to see 可见机会Prospective customer 潜在顾客Sales revenue 销售收入Sponsorship 赞助Target market 目标市场Threshold effect 门槛效应Turnover 流通量，营业额，周转Word-of-mouth advertising 口口相传，口碑Billboard = hoarding 广告牌Classified advertisement 分类广告Paid advertising 付费广告Advertising strategy 广告策略Poster 海报Purchasing frequency 购买平率Buyer turnover 新入场客户Match 追平Excessive advertising 过度广告Voiceover 画外音Unit12 promotional tools促销工具Promotion tools 促销工具= advertising 广告+ personal selling 人员推销+ sales promotion 提升销量+public relations 公共关系Brand awareness 品牌知名度Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度Coupon 优惠券Introduction stage 引入期Growth stage 增长期，上升阶段Maturity stage 成熟期Decline stage 衰退期，下降阶段Loss leader 特价商品Planning 计划Positioning 定位Price-conscious 对价格敏感的Sales force 销售队伍Salespeople 售货员Sample 样品Trial 尝试Free trial 免费试用Publicity 宣传Paid advertising 付费广告Novel product 新产品Aim 指向Reduction 降价Rebate 回扣Promotional strategy 促销策略Promotional tactic 促销技巧Reduced-price pack 经济装Distributor 分销商Retailer 零售商Dealer 代理商Off-season 淡季Unit 13 accounting and financial statements 会计和财务报表Accountancy 会计师Accountant 会计师Accounting equation 会计恒等式Accounting 会计学Accrue 自然增加Accrued expenses 应计费用Accumulate 累计Amortization 摊销Annual report 年度报告Appreciate 增值Auditing 审计Bookkeeping 簿记Capitalization 资本化Cash flow 现金流Cost accounting 成本会计Creative accounting 粉饰财务状况Credit 信用，贷方Creditors债权人= accounts payable 应付账款Debit 借方Debt 债务Debtors债务人= accounts receivable 应收账款Depreciation 折旧Dividend 股息，红利Double-entry bookkeeping 复式簿记，复式记账法Earnings 收益Expenditure 支出，花费Expenses 费用，开支Financial statement 财务决算，财务报表Finished products 成品，产品Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Going concern 持续经营Goodwill 商誉Income 收益Interest 利息Long term liabilities 长期负债Current liabilities 流动负债，短期负债Managerial accounting 管理会计Market capitalization 市场资本化Nominal value 票面价值Market value 市场价值Quantify 量化Retained earnings 留存收益Revenue （销售）收入Self proprietorship 独资企业Shareholder= stockholder 股东Stock= inventory 库存Liability for tax 税务负担Transaction 交易Managerial accounting 管理会计Tax accounting 税务会计Cost accounting 成本会计Prepare budget 编制预算Financial report 财务报表Value v 定价Income & expenditure 收入和支出Debits & credits 借与贷Assets & liabilities 资产与负债Unit cost 单位成本Auditing 审计IRS= Internal Revenue Service 美国税务署Tax authority 税务局CPA= Certificated Public Accountant 注册会计师File a tax return 报税Income tax return 所得税表Income tax 所得税Sales tax 销售税Self-proprietorship 个体户Partnership 合伙，合股Tax break 减免税Turnover 销售收入，总收入Charged against profits 从利润中扣除On credit 赊账Overheads= overhead 固定费用Variable cost 可变成本Shareholder= stockholder 股东Pay liabilities 偿债Purchase price 购买价Depreciation charge 折旧费Understate 低估Overstate 高估Inflation 通货膨胀Deflation 通货紧缩Historical cost accounting 历史成本会计Net book value 净账面价值= purchase value – depreciation chargeCurrent cost accounting 时价会计Replacement cost accounting 重置成本会计Specify v. 规定Profit and loss account= income statement 损益表(shows earnings & expenditure, i.e. turnover+ costs+ expensed+ overheads )Balance sheet 资产负债表(shows financial situation on particular date, i.e. assets+ long-term & short-term liabilities+ shareholder’s funds)Financial year 财政年度Assets 资产= debtors/ accounts receivable + intangible assetsIntangible assets 无形资产=patents 专利+ goodwill 商誉+ copyrights 版权+ trade marks 商标Liabilities 负债=creditors/ account payableLong-term liabilities= loans 贷款+ bonds 债券Short-term liabilities=taxes+ interests 利息Assets=liabilities+ owners’ equity 资本主权，业主产权（股东对资产清偿所有债务之后剩余价值的所有权）Assets-liabilities= owners’ equity/ net as sets 净资产Share capital 股本，股份资本Share premium= paid-in surplus 股份溢价（超过股票票面价值的所得）Market capitalization 市场资本总值，市场资本总额Reserves 储量profit→taxation, dividend, retained profitFunds flow statement 资金流量表Source and application of funds statement 资金来源和应用表Statement of changes in financial position 财务状况变动报表Consolidated financial statement 合并财务报表IAS= International Accounting Standards 国际会计标准Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 期初现金Net cash from operating activities 运营净现金Net profit 净利润Retained earnings 留存收益Non-current assets 非流动资产Pre-paid expenses 预付费用Treasury shares 回购股票Translation differences 折算差Deferred tax liabilities 递延税负债Interest-bearing liabilities 有息贷款VAT= value added tax 增值税Associated company 关联公司Minority interests 少数股权Proceeds 所得收入Unit 14 banking 银行业务Personal banking 个人银行业务Cash card 现金卡，借记卡Credit card 信用卡Cash dispenser= ATM= automatic teller machine 自动取款机，自动柜员机Home banking 家庭银行（网银+电话银行）Loan 贷款Mortgage 抵押贷款，按揭Overdraft= overdraw 透支Current account= checking account 活期账户Deposit account= time account= notice account 定期账户Standing order= direct debit 长期委托书The banking industry 银行业Commercial bank= retail bank 商业银行，零售银行Foreign currency 外币Foreign exchange 外汇Spread= margin 差额Credit 借贷Note 纸币Cheque= check 支票Coin 硬币Yield & risk 收益与风险Liquidity 资产流动性Maturity 到期Investment bank= merchant bank 投资银行Issue securities 发行证券Underwrite securities 包销，分销证券Merger 并购Takeover 收购，接管Stockbroker 股票经纪人Portfolio management 投资组合Fee and commission 佣金Universal bank 综合银行Central bank 中央银行Minimum interest rate 最低利率Discount rate 贴现利率Blue chip borrower 蓝筹公司Base rate= prime rate 基本利率Credit standing= credit rating= creditworthiness 信用评价Solvency 偿付能力Collateral 抵押品，担保物Foreign bank 外国银行，外资银行Eurocurrency 外国持有的欧洲货币Petrodollar 石油美元Unit 15 stocks and shares股票Unlimited liability 无限责任Limited liability 有限责任Creditor 债权人Legal entity 法律实体Wound up 中止Liquidate 清算Venture capital 风险投资Memorandum of Association= Certificate of Incorporation 公司执照Article of Association= bylaws 公司条令Director 董事Public listed company= listed company= Publicly quoted company上市公司Shareholder= stockholder 股东Registrar of companies 公司登记处Over-the-counter market 场外交易市场Alternative Investment Market (London) 另类投资市场NasdaqBe quoted= be listed 上市Stock exchange 股票交易所Issue share 发行股票First Public Offering =IPO=Make a flotation= float a company首次公开募股Investment bank 投资银行Underwrite the issue 包销Rights issue 权利股发行Capitalize 资本化Bonus issue 红股发行Annual General Meeting= Annual Meeting of Stockholders 股东年会Residual value 残留价值Liquidation 清算Secondary market 二级市场Nominal value= face value= par value 票面价值Share= stock= equity 股票Blue chip 蓝筹Defensive stock 防御性股票Growth stock 成长性股票Insider share-dealing 内部交易Institutional investor 机构投资者Mutual fund 互惠基金，互利基金Market-maker 造市商Portfolio 组合投资Stockbroker 股票经纪人Cyclical trend 周期性趋势Pension fund 养老基金Insurance company 保险公司Unit 16 bonds 债券Obligation 负债Opportunity cost 机会成本Issue bonds 发行债券Blue chip company 蓝筹公司Rate 评价，估值Rating company 评估公司Standard & Poors 标准普尔Investment grade 投资评级Bearer certificate 不记名债券Primary market 一级市场Secondary bond market 二级债券市场Liquid 变现的Par 面值Coupon 息票Debt financing 负债融资Equity financing 股票融资Tax shield 税收挡避Debt-equity ratio 负债与权益比率Receipts 收入Gilt-edged securities 金边证券Treasury bond 长期国库债券Short-term treasury bill 短期国库券Circulation 流通Redeem 赎回Convertible bond 可转换债券Junk bond 垃圾债券Unit 17 futures and derivativesFutures 期货交易，期货合约Financial asset 金融资产Option 期权Commodities 大宗商品Derivatives 衍生物Hedging 对冲，套期保值Speculation 投机(Write a) Call option 看涨期权Put option 看跌期权Discount store 打折店Spot market 现货市场Futures market 期货市场Forward contract 远期合约Premium 溢价Exchange rate 汇率Interest rate 利率London International Financial Futures Exchange=LIFFE 伦敦国际金融期货交易所Exercise price= strike price 执行价Swap 掉期Currency swap 外汇掉期Interest rate swap 利率掉期Preferential rate 优惠汇率Profit and loss account 损益表Securities and Exchange Commission=SEC 证券交易管理委员会International Swaps and Derivatives Association=ISDA 国际掉期与衍生物协会End user 最终用户Corporate governance 公司监管Stop-loss limit 止损点Scenario analysis 情景分析Sensitivity analysis 敏感度分析Front line personnel 一线人员Police vt. 监管Code of conduct 行为规范Unsolicited 主动提供的Shoot through the floor 涨疯了Unit 18 market structure and competitionDurable consumer goods 耐用消费品Market leader 市场领导者Market follower 市场跟从者Market challenger 市场挑战者Market share 市场份额Market segmentation 市场细分Differential advantage 差别又是Unique selling point=USP 独特卖点Submarket 刺激市场Potential customer 潜在客户Barrier to entry 进入门槛Cartel 卡特尔Dominant-firm oligopoly 寡头垄断Economies of scale 规模经济Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争Monopoly 垄断Monopsony 买家垄断Natural monopoly 自然垄断Oligopoly 寡头垄断Perfect competition 完全竞争Homogenous 同类的，同质的Public utility 公用事业Marginal cost 边际成本Unit 19 takeovers, mergers and buyoutsMergers and acquisition 并购Backward integration 向后合并Forward integration 向前合并Horizontal integration 横向合并Vertical integration 纵向合并Innovate 创造发明Diversify 多样化Raid 企图收购Takeover 收购出价Politics 权术，勾心斗角Optimum 最合适的Scanning electron microscope 扫描电子显微镜Craftsmanship 技术，技艺Leica 莱卡World-class player 世界级的玩家，世界级角色Rightsize 精简机构人员，合理简化On a day’s notice 提前一天通知On short notice 突然Leveraged buyouts=LBO 杠杆收购Management buyout= MBO 管理层收购Synergy 协同Asset-stripping 资产剥离Equity capital 股本Junk bond 垃圾债券UNIT 20 efficiency and employmentComputerization 计算机化Flexibility 灵活性Public services 公共服务Self-employment 自我雇佣Decentralization 分权Free trade 自由贸易Job-sharing 工作分享Rationalization 精简增效Deregulation 解除管制Productivity 生产效率Restructuring 重组Structural change 结构改变Welfare 福利Monetary policy 货币政策Private rent sector 私人租赁市场Downturn 下滑Recession 衰退Tenure 任期Downsizing 减员Agency employmentRhetoric 说辞Received wisdom 流行观点Unemployment benefit 失业救济Sack 解雇Job insecurity 工作不稳定性Employability 可雇佣性Structural unemployment 结构性失业Frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业Cyclical unemployment 周期性失业Structural shift 结构性改变Job retention rate 工作留用率UNIT 21 Business cycleClassical economic theory 古典经济理论Welfare capitalism 福利资本主义Vitality 活力Perfect competition 完全竞争，自由竞争Free enterprise 自由市场Well-being 幸福Unit 22 the role of governmentMarket forces 市场力量Health Department 卫生部National Health Service 全民医疗Undercurrent 潜流Good society 良性社会State action 国家行为Health care 医疗服务Underclass 底层The affluent 富人Planned economy 计划经济Central economic planning 中央经济规划Intervention 干预Coerce vt. 强迫Mortician 殡葬业者A host of 很多Dispose of 用掉，用光Industry 实业Department of Trade and Industry= DTI 贸易工业部Unit 23 central banking, money and taxationFiscal policy 财政政策Monetary policy 货币政策Open market operation 开放市场操作Bank run 挤兑Liquidity ratio 现金比率Branch of the government 政府部门Budgetary policy 预算政策Budget deficit 预算赤字US Federal Reserve 美联储Price stability 价格稳定，物价稳定Declare （海关）申报Levy tax at… 对……征税Income tax 所得税Direct tax 直接税Indirect tax 间接税Value-added tax 增值税Regressive tax 递减税Progressive tax 递增税Sales tax 销售税Capital gains tax 资本所得税Capital transfer tax 资本转移税Wealth tax 财富税Tax evasion 逃税，漏税Tax avoidance 避税Government expenditure 政府支出Excise duties 消费税，国内货物税Corporation tax 公司税Marginal rate 边际率Black economy= underground economy 黑色经济，地下经济，非法经济Moonlighting 兼差Self-employed 自雇Family firm 家庭企业Gross national production= GNP 国民生产总值Loophole 漏洞Life insurance人寿保险Tax shelter 减免税收合法手段Tax loss 负税亏损Capital expenditure 资本支出，基本建设费用Money laundering 洗钱Unit 24 exchange rates 外汇利率The Bretton Woods agreement 布雷顿森林体系Fixed exchange rate 固定利率Floating exchange rate 浮动利率Peg against 挂钩Promissory note 本票International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织Devaluation 贬值Revaluation 升值Gold convertibilityFreely/ clean floating exchange rate 清洁浮动利率Managed/ dirty floating exchange rate 管制/肮脏浮动利率。
新编剑桥商务英语unit11课件
E. It guarantees to pay growers a fixed proportion for their coffee, which is above standard market rates.
(1)____B_______. For example, in Ethiopia alone, 15 million people depend on
LOGO
LOGO
of 50,000 coffees a year, or 200 coffees a day. Factor in these additional costs and we are probably talking about a break-even total of 400 coffees a day.
加热煮出来的浓咖啡） caffein(e) n. 咖啡因 addiction n. 嗜好，瘾 disparity n. 悬殊，差异 charities n. 慈善团体，善举 coffee shop chains 连锁咖啡店，连锁咖啡屋 gross domestics product (GDP) 国内生产总值 staple crop 主要作物 mark-up 涨价，标高售价
1) Is there a large disparity between rich and poor in your country? The top 20% of the population consumes 50% of overall national income, while the bottom 20% have to make do with a mere 4.7%.
剑桥商务英语BEC高级Module11课件
• 比尔· 盖茨，全名威廉· 亨利· 盖茨，美国微软公司的 董事长。首屈一指科技尖才，大慈善家、环保人、 与保罗· 艾伦创办微软公司，曾任微软首席执行官和 首席软件设计师。1995年到2007年的《福布斯》全 球亿万富翁排行榜中，比尔· 盖茨连续13年蝉联世界 首富。2008年6月27日正式退出微软公司，并把580 亿美元个人财产捐到比尔和梅琳达· 盖茨基金会。 《福布斯》2012年美国富豪排行榜发布，比尔· 盖茨 第19次蝉联美国首富桂冠。2009年，比尔· 盖茨超越 沃伦· 巴菲特成为世界首富，是在2008年之后首次夺 回了世界首富宝座。而在2010年至2013年，均被墨 西哥富豪卡洛斯· 斯利姆· 埃卢超越，让其成为蝉联3 年的世界首富。至今为止，比尔-盖茨以720亿美元 的净资产连续第20年蝉联美国首富宝座。
• 1. Life is not fair, get used to it. 1．生活是不公平的，你要去适应它。 • 2. The world won't care about your self2．这个世界并不会在意你的自尊，而是 esteem. The world will expect you to 要求你在自我感觉良好之前先有所成就。 accomplish something before you feel good 3．如果你认为学校里的老师过于严厉， about yourself. 那么等你有了老板再回头想一想。 • 3. If you think your teacher is tough, wait till 4．如果你陷入困境，那不是你父母的过 you get a boss. He doesn't have tenure. 错，不要将你理应承担的责任转嫁给他 • 4. If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, 人，而要学着从中吸取教训。 so don't whine about our mistakes, learn 5．电视不是真实的生活。真实生活中人 from them. 们不得不离开咖啡馆去工作。 • 5. Television is NOT real life. In real life people actually have to leave the coffee
bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全
bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全（依据字母挨次排序。
）：Aabolish 废除abroad 在国外absorb 吸取abstract 摘要accelerate 加速accessory 附件accommodate 容纳accommodation 住宿accompany 伴随accredit 授权accumulate 累积accurate 精确的achieve 实现acknowledge 承认acquire 获得adapt 适应adequate 充分的adjust 调整administer 管理admit 允许进入advance 前进advertise 广告advise 建议advocate 提倡affect 影响affiliate 加入affirm 确定aggregate 合计agree 同意airfare 机票费align 对齐allocate 安排allow 允许alter 转变ambassador 大使amendment 修正案analyze 分析annual 年度的anticipate 预期apologize 赔礼apparel 服装appendix 附录applicable 适用的appoint 任命appreciate 感谢approve 批准arbitrate 仲裁array 排列arrears 拖欠款项assemble 聚集assert 声称assess 评估assign 安排assist 帮忙associate 联合assume 假设assure 保证attach 附上attempt 尝试authenticate 鉴定authorize 授权average 平均的Bbackbone 支柱badly 严峻地balance 平衡bankruptcy 破产barrier 屏障benchmark 基准beneath 在...之下beneficial 有益的bestow 赠予bilateral 双边的biography 传记blank 空白的bond 债券boycott 抵制bribe 贿赂broker 经纪人budget 预算bulk 大量burden 负担business 业务bylaw 规章Ccalculate 计算campaign 活动capital 资本capture 捕获career 生涯caution 警告censor 审查certificate 证书chairman 主席channel 渠道charge 费用charter 包租cheap 廉价cheque 支票choice 选择circulate 循环civilian 平民classic 经典的classify 分类coach 教练collapse 崩溃collection 收集colleague 同事commend 赞扬commercial 商业的commission 佣金commitment 承诺communal 公共的communicate 沟通compel 强迫compensate 赔偿competitive 竞争的compile 编制complain 埋怨complement 补充complicate 简单化comply 遵守comprehensive 全面的compute 计算concern 关注concur 同意conduct 进行confidential 机密的configurable 可配置的confirm 确认conform 遵守confront 面对confuse 混淆congress 大会conjunction 连词connect 连接consent 同意conserve 爱护considerate 体谅的consist 由…组成consolidate 巩固constitute 构成construct 建筑consult 询问consume 消费contemporary 当代的contend 斗争context 背景contract 合同contradict 冲突contribute 贡献convene 召集convention 惯例conversant 生疏的convert 转变convey 传达cooperate 合作coordinate 协调core 核心corporate 公司的correspondence 通信costly 昂贵的count 成功country 国coupon 优待券court 法院create 制造credit 信贷criticize 批判crossroads 十字路口currency 货币curriculum 课程custody 保管customized 定制的cutting-edge 领先的Ddampen 减退data 数据database 数据库debt 债务decimal 小数decrease 削减dedicate 奉献deduct 扣除defer 推迟deficit 赤字definite 确定的delegate 委派deliberate 慎重的deliver 交付delve 探究democracy 民主demonstrate 证明dental 牙科的deplete 耗尽deplore 责怪deploy 部署deposit 存款depot 储存处derive 得到descend 下降describe 描述design 设计desire 欲望destroy 毁灭detach 分别detect 检测develop 进展device 设备dictate 口述difficult 困难的diffuse 集中digit 数字direct 直接的disable 禁用disappear 消逝discharge 放电discount 折扣discourage 阻挡discover 发觉discrete 离散的disseminate 传播dissolve 溶解distinguish 区分divide 除以dividend 红利dominate 统治doubt 怀疑download 下载draft 起草drain 排水dramatic 戏剧性的draw 吸引due 到期的dummy 哑的duplicate 重复的Eeager 渴望的earnest 认真的economy 经济editor 编辑educate 教育elevate 提升eliminate 消退embed 嵌入embrace 拥抱emerge 消灭emigrate 移居国外employ 雇佣empower 授权enable 使能够enclose 附上encounter 遇到endorse 公开支持enforce 实施engage 从事enjoyable 令人开心的enlarge 扩大enroll 招生ensure 确保entail 牵涉enter 进入entertain 款待entitlement 权利enumerate 列举envisage 想象equal 相等equivalent 相等的erase 抹掉erect 建筑erode 腐蚀escalate 升级establish 建立estate 房地产estimate 估量evaluate 评估evasion 躲避evident 明显的exaggerate 夸大examine 检查excel 突出except 除了excess excessive 过度的excursion 远足execute 执行exempt 豁免exhale 呼出exhibit 呈现expand 扩展expel 驱除expenditure 开销experiment 试验expert 专家expire 到期explain 解释exploit 利用express 快递extend 扩展extensive 广泛的external 外部的extract 提取eye-catching 引人注目的Ffacilitate 促进fade 褪色failure 失败fallen 下降的fascinate 迷住feasible 可行的feature 特点fixture 固定装置flavor 味道flexible 机敏的fluent 流利的forbid 禁止forecast 猜测formulate 制定fortnight 两周found 创立framework 框架fraud 欺诈freight 货物frontier 边疆frustrate 使懊丧function 函数fundamental 基本的Ggain 获得gallery 画廊gallop 飞奔garage 车库gather 收集gene 基因generate 生成genuine 真实的gloomy 压抑的goods 商品gallery 画廊garage 车库gene 基因generate 生成genuine 真实的gloomy 压抑的goods 商品gradual 渐渐的guarantee 保证gesture 手势Hhabitat 栖息地hammer 锤子handful 一把harmonize 使协调hazard 危急hectic 劳碌heritage 遗产hesitate 迟疑hinder 阻碍hoist 升honest 诚恳的host 主办humble 虚心的hurdle 障碍物hypothesize 假设Iidentify 识别ignite 点燃ignore 忽视imitate 仿照immerse 沉醉impact 影响implement 实施implication 含义impose 强加impress 给...留下深刻印象improve 改进incite 煽动include 包含increase 增加incrementally 递增地indicate 指示indispensable 不行缺少的individual 个人的induce 引起indulge 沉迷于infer 推断infiltrate 渗透inflate 充气inform 通知infrastructure 基础设施inherit 继承inject 注射inquire 询问insect 昆虫insert 插入inspect 检查integrate 整合intend 想要interact 互动interchangeable 可互换的interface 界面interfere 干涉intermediate 中间的intermittent 断断续续的intervene 干预intimate 亲热的intricate 简单的introduce 介绍intrinsic 固有的invade 侵略inventory 库存invest 投资invite 邀请invoke 调用involve 涉及Jjargon 行话jeopardize 危及joint 联合的jolt 震撼journal 日志journey 旅程judge 法官justify 证明...是正值的Kkettle 水壶kidnap 绑架knowledge 学问Llabel 标签labor 劳动latter 后者laundry 洗衣店lavish 过分的lawful 合法的lecture 讲座leisure 闲暇length 长度levy 征收liberate 解放licensed 许可的limitation 限制linger 徘徊liquidate 偿还literacy 识字locate 位于loyal 忠诚的Mmagnetize 磁化maintain 维护make money 挣钱mandatory 强制的mankind 人类manpower 劳动力manufacture 制造margin 边缘mature 成熟mean 意味measure 测量mediate 调解merge 合并militant 激进分子minimal 最小的minimize 使削减misfit 不匹配mission 任务mitigate 缓解mobile 移动的moderate 适度的modify 修改monitor 监控morph 多变mortgage 抵押motion 运动multinational 跨国的mutual 相互的Nnarrate 叙述navigate 导航neglect 忽视negotiate 协商nonprofit 非盈利的notable 有名的notify 通知nuisance 厌烦的东西nullify 使无效nurture 培育nutritious 有养分的Oobey 听从obtain 获得occupation 职业occurrence 发生offset 抵消omission 省略operate 操作oppose 反对optimize 优化orbit 轨道organize 组织outperform 超过output 输出outsource 外包outstanding 杰出的overestimate 高估overhaul 彻底转变Ppanic 慌张parade 游行paradox 悖论paralyze 使瘫痪parliament 国会participate 参与partner 合伙人passenger 乘客passionate 热忱的patent 专利perceive 察觉perform 执行permit 许可persist 坚持personal 私人的persuade 说服petroleum 石油petty 不重要的pioneer 先锋place 使位于plaque 牌匾pleasant 开心的pledge 保证pluck 采摘polar 极性的polish 抛光polite 礼貌的portion 部分pose 提出possess 拥有postpone 延迟precaution 预防措施precise 精确的predict 猜测premise 前提preoccupied 全神贯注的prepare 预备preserve 爱护press 闹pretend 假装prevail 盛行prevent 防止previous 从前的prick 刺primarily 首要地principal 首要的prior 从前的千里之行，始于足下。
剑桥商务英语中级完整笔记（词汇）
剑桥商务英语中级完整笔记（词汇）第一篇：剑桥商务英语中级完整笔记(词汇)《新编剑桥商务英语中级》-Vocabulary Unit 1a Teamwork toiletries：n.化妆品厂、清洁、化妆用品公司 major brands：主导品牌expatriate：n.旅居海外的，移居国外的creative thinking：创新思维a survival course：生存技巧培训课程profile：n.简介、小传、概况simulation：n.模拟训练go for profit：追求利润behind schedule：进度落后于计划stick to the schedule：严格按计划进行Unit 1b Communication exceed：v.超越、胜过over-estimate：vt.过高的估计manageable：adj.便于管理understate：vt.轻描淡写的说 seminar：n.研讨会、讨论会management：n.（企业、机关的）管理人员follow-up evaluation：后续评估 deadline：n.最终期限complimentary ticket：免费赠送的票Self-study and Exam practice have everything to do with：与…关系密切curriculum vitae：个人简历、履历，简称CVhuman factor：认为因素 aggressive：adj.咄咄逼人的、好斗indicate：vt.显示、表明Unit 2a Entertaining customer satisfaction form：顾客满意、情况问卷表complete the form 填写表格questionnaire：n.调查表、问卷criteria：n.标准（为criterion的复数形式）atmosphere：n.氛围attentiveness：n.殷勤、周到value for money：物有所值程度enhance：vt.提高、增加mezzanine：n.（尤指介于一层与二层之间的）中层楼reasonable prices：合理的价格interior design：室内装修group dining：团体用餐catering requirement：餐饮要求tour groups：旅游团corporate events：公司社交活动wine tastings：品酒会steak：n.牛排 company presentations：公司业务报告会business trip：公务旅行vegetarian：素食者call in：顺路到某处 alike：adv.一样的，相似的 evolve：逐渐发展或完成 pride ourselves on/upon：为…感到骄傲along with：同…一道be of importance：具有重要性to cater for：提供餐饮服务，接待gently：adv.轻轻地，小心地 strive：为获得…而努力奋斗concept：n.概念，观念，想法distinctive：adj.与众不同的 suitable：adj.舒适，合适memorable：adj.难忘的 tourist：n.游客，观光客awful：adj.糟糕的，恶劣的Unit 2b Corporate hospitalitycorporate hospital：商务接待，企业社交tip：n.技巧，窍门，忠告be in need of：需要mention：v.提起，说起 social setting：社交场合 in due course：经过一段时间，到适当的时候poor timing：不合事宜trade fair：贸洽会teenage：adj.少年的 prospect：n.可能的，潜在的顾客hook：钩子，吸引人们兴趣或注意力的方式a fact-finding mission：情况调查，实地考察substantial：adj.重大的，有影响的fortunately：adv.幸运的concern：v.对…有印象；n.担心sociable：adj.好交际的，喜欢与人交往的ensure：v.确保，保证rugby：n.（英式）橄榄球intimate：adj.亲密的；n.至交，密友ability：n.能力，技能，本领purposeful：adj.有清晰目的，有明确目标chit-chat：n.（非正式）聊天，闲谈disposal：n.丢弃，处理therefore：adv.因此，所以see…as：把…看作lie in…：（原因、兴趣、答案等）在于…stand around：闲站着 add up to：意味着，说明whisper into his ear：在某人耳边低声说话in term of：从…的角度来看，就…而言in due course/time：经过一段时间，到适当的时候Self-study and Exam practice continental breakfast：欧式早餐bilingual applicants：具有双语能力的申请者end-of-year party：年终聚会job advertisement：招工广告marketing secretary：营销部秘书P.A.（Personal Assistant）：私人助理administrative support：行政管理上的支持secretarial skills：文秘技能up-to-date information technology：最新的信息技术communications skills：沟通能力，交际技能science marketing assistant：科技营销助理an internal recruitment policy：内部招工政策official working hours：正式的工作时间long-term employment：长期雇用production manager：生产经理work overtime：加班take legal action against：对…提出诉讼 settle the dispute：解决纠纷 secretarial and administrative staff：文秘及行政人员unforeseen circumstances：难以预料的情况meet agreed delivery dates：按约定的日期准时送货place your order with：向…定货outlet：n.代销店，专卖店legal advisers：法律顾问established customers：老顾客bring…up：把…提出来give…priority：优先考虑，处理某事a backlog of orders：积压的订单at one’s disposal：由…自由支配be popular with ab.：为惯用搭配，深受喜爱on…basis：在…基础上look forward to sth.：期盼，盼望price前一把用介词atvalue for money：物有所值cater for：承办an overview of…：对…的概述call in：来访call by: 顺道访问推迟到某个时间用postpone till/until…a long way from：离…还差得很远Unit 2 Customersreorganise：n.改组，改编loan：n.银行贷款forecast：n.预测consume：v.消费，消耗venture：n.风险项目warranty：n.（产品的）保证书oval：椭圆形finalise：v.确定，最后定下backlog：n.积压未办的事情substantial：adj.重大的，可观的，坚固的，有影响的Unit 3a Ordering goods mail order company：邮购计划headquarters：n.（公司）总部catalogue：n.商品目录单recommendation：n.推荐信、建议item：n.产品、货物in standard length：标准长度的 article：n.商品、项目measurements charts：尺寸图knitted skirts：针织裙子vendor：n.销售商asap（as soon as possible）尽快Unit 3bCash flow cash flow：现金流向、现金流量，现金流动cash flow gap：现金流量差额case study：案例分析final payment：最后付款bar chart：柱形图down payment：订金bill：vt.要求支付…的费用remainder：n.剩余物early settlement discount：提前付款折扣labour cost：劳动力成本credit terms：信用期限、信用条件outstanding：adj.剩余的 outstanding balance：剩余金额order books：订货薄a shortage of cash：现金短缺turnover：n.营业额financing costs：筹措成本cash on delivery：货到即付款margin：n.利润 inventory：n.库存、存货penalty：n.处罚、罚款potential customer：潜在客户hard sell：强行推销flat management culture：扁平化的管理结构Self-study and Exam practice workmanship：（尤指精细的）工艺，手艺negotiate：v.谈判，商定retail：v.零售detail：n.细节deliver：v.把…送往delivery：n.送货measurement：n.长度，高度gap：n.缺口，差距forecast：n.预测，预报settlement：正式协议penalty：n.惩罚，处罚charge：n.费用，v.收费potential：adj.潜在的，可能的n.潜在性，可能性grant：n.给予，准予patient：adj.有耐心的，忍耐的patience：耐心，忍耐familiar：adj.熟悉的average：adj.平均的lack：n.v.没有，不足，缺乏aggressive：n.好斗的，雄心勃勃的furthermore：adv.而且，不仅如此however：然而，不过，但是sector：n.（尤指商业、贸易等的）部门，行业accordion：n.手风琴for instance：例如combination：组合，联合promotional：（电影、活动等）旨在推销（宣传）的 combine：v.（使）组合 equally：adv.相同的，相等的 equalize：v.使相等的equality：n.平等segment：n.部分alternate：adj.轮流，交替cable：n.电缆，缆绳forthcoming：adj.即将，到来demonstrate：v.证明，证实flatter：v.奉承，讨好，感到荣幸cash on delivery：货到付款credit terms：信用期限，信用条件interest on…：…的利息，习惯用onpay for…：支付…的费用，用介词forpay in cash：in表示付款方式，以现金形式price…at：以…的价格，习惯用介词atcost of labour：劳动成本as down payment：作为订金outstandingbalance：剩余金额days net：净30天early settlement discount：提前付款折扣penalty charge：罚款Unit 3 Commerce currency：n.货币paying-in slip：【英】（银行）存款单payee：n.收款人deduct：v.减去，扣除transaction：n.交易，事务counterfoil：n.存根adviser：n.顾问interest：n.利息cashier：n.出纳deposit：n.定金，首付dividend：n.股息，红利deductible：adj.减去haulage：n.货运业，货运费consignment：n.托运的货物margin：n.页边，空白courier：n.（递送包裹或文件的）信徒logistic：n.后勤；逻辑custom duty：关税 overdraft：n.透支额Unit 4a Brand power selling point：卖点environmental-friendliness：n.对环境无害，有环保的特点user-friendliness：n.用户使用方便kitchen appliances：厨房用具competitive advantage：竞争优势diversify：vt.多样化经营，增加产品种类own-label clothing：贴（名牌超市）自己品牌的服装saturate：vt.使饱和supermarket chains：连锁超市industry analyst：行业分析家cut-price：削价出售retail food marker：食品零售市场mortgage：n.住房按揭，抵押margin：n.利差，赚头boost profit：提高利润estate agent：房产商bonus points：（消费积分）loyalty scheme：忠实（顾客）奖励计划voucher：n.优惠，奖券interest rate：利率incentive：n.刺激，鼓励reputation：名誉、名望gradually：adv.逐渐的，逐步的 eventually：adv.终于、最终survey：n.调查、审视combine：v.组合，综合outlet：n.专卖店、分销店fixed rate：固定利率banking on a Brand：bank on既可解释为“依赖…获利”，也含有“对…抱有信心”。
剑桥商务英语BEC中高级词汇
千里之行，始于足下。
剑桥商务英语BEC中高级词汇1. Abide (v.) - to accept or obey a rule, decision, orinstruction2. Absorb (v.) - to take in or soak up3. Accelerate (v.) - to increase the speed or rate of something4. Accommodate (v.) - to provide lodging or make room for someone5. Accuracy (n.) - correctness or precision6. Achieve (v.) - to successfully accomplish or complete a task or goal7. Acknowledge (v.) - to recognize or accept the existence or importance of something8. Acquire (v.) - to buy or obtain something9. Adapt (v.) - to adjust or modify to fit a new situation or environment10. Adequate (adj.) - satisfactory or sufficient in quality or quantity11. Adjust (v.) - to alter or modify something to fit a new situation12. Administer (v.) - to manage or control the operations of something13. Advise (v.) - to offer recommendations or suggest a course of action14. Advocate (v.) - to publicly support or promote a particular cause or policy15. Allocate (v.) - to distribute or assign resources to a particular purpose16. Alternative (n.) - a possible choice or option第1页/共3页锲而不舍，金石可镂。
新剑桥商务英语(高级)单词总结
1. autonomous：independent, able to take decisions without consulting a higher authority2. decentralization：dividing an organization into decision—making units that are not centrally controlled。
3. function: a specific activity in a company，e.g。
production，marketing，finance4。
hierarchy: system of authority with different levels，one above the other。
5. line authority：the power to give instructions to people at the level below in the chain of command6。
report to: to be responsible to someone and to take instructions from him or her7. subordinates：people working under someone else in a hierarch8。
industrial belt: an area with lots of industrial companies，around the edge of a city9. wealth：the products of economic activity10. productivity: the amount of output produced (in a certain period，using a certain number of inputs11。
新编剑桥商务英语(初级)(第三版)-词汇整理-(unit-1-12)
剑桥商务英语初级词汇1.1 Business Topic World of work （职场）词语准备business n. 工商企业；商行；商业technique n. 技巧cross-culture adj.跨文化的Internet n.因特网，国际互联网presentation n.口头报告；陈述；叙述public speaking 演说，演讲consultant n. 顾问consultancy n. 咨询公司run(courses/workshops) vt. 开办（课程/讲习班）one-to-one 一对一的motivational adj. 激发积极性的client n. 客户professional adj. 专业的，职业的involve vt. 包含；需要；使成为必要部分responsibility n. 责任；所负责的事情be responsible for sb./sth. 对某人/某事负责title n. 头衔；职称sample n. 样品；使用产品account n. 账目；账户badge n. 徽章identify vt. 发现；确定catering service 餐饮服务MD managing director的缩写，总经理，执行董事interior n. 车内产品；内部装饰memo n. 备忘录；便条，便笺electrical appliances 电器，家用电器ship vt. 运送Power Point幻灯片bonus n. 奖金catalogue n. 产品目录positive adj. 积极乐观的diary n. 记事簿1.2 Business Skills Personal and professional details（个人及职业细节）词语准备division n. 分理处，部门colleague n. 同事profile n. 传略，人物简介；概况questionnaire n. 问卷，调查表interview n. 采访；面试single adj. 单身的，未婚的musicial instrument 乐器file n. 档案，文件destination n. 目的地follow-up questions 后续问题，补充问题swap vt. 交换electronics n. 电子学；电子器件varied adj. 多变化的，各不相同的confectionary adj. 糖果的，有关甜食制造的annual adj. 每年的，年度的allocate vt. 分配，分派candidate n. 候选人criterion n. 标准，准则，（复数）criteriaInc. adj. Incorporated的缩写，股份有限的employee n. 雇员，员工values n. 价值观，准则supervise vt. 主管，监督，管理coordinate vt. 使协调marathon 马拉松赛跑finance assistant 财务助理audit vt. 审计master’s degree 硕士学位ambitious adj. 雄心勃勃的internal adj. 内部的external adj 外部的journalism n, 新闻学，新闻业chewing gum 口香糖gallery n. 画廊，美术馆format n. 形式，格式2.1 Business Topic Work in progress词语准备be in progress 在进行中，在运行中project n. 项目，工程garden vi.&vt. 种植或修整花园，从事园艺工作update vt. 更新construction n. 建筑，建筑物apart from 除了……之外minor adj. 较小的，次要的proceed vi. 进行，继续下去panorama n. 全景，全景画management team 管理团队take shape 成形ahead of schedule 提前于预定计划financial report 财务报告temp n. 临时雇员help out 帮助（某人）解决困难CEO chief executive officer的缩写，首席执行官CFO chief financial officer的缩写，财务总监give a presentation of 对……做陈述launch vt. 开始，开办，推出photocopy vt.&n. 影印，复印branch n. 分部，分店，分公司marketing manager 市场营销经理project manager 项目经理subcontractor n. 转包商period of transition 过渡期permanent job 永久性工作temporary employment agency 临时就业中介机构try out 测试，试用take maternity leave 休产假option n. 选择，可选择的办法career field 职业领域existing skills 现有的技能supervisor n. 主管，监督人temporary job 临时工作ask for a pay rise 要求涨工资meet one’s target 完成指标，完成定额sack vt. 解雇administration work 行政管理工作2.2 Business Skills Making arrangements词语准备make arrangements 做安排，做准备plant n. 工厂，车间take time off 抽出一部分时间，休假，休息finance director 财务经理confirm vt. 确定，确认reception n. 接待，接待处，招待会trade fair 交易会，展销会present vt. 介绍，引见potential client 潜在的（准）客户quality inspector 质检人员job applicant 求职者festival n. 节日self-employed adj. 自己经营的，个体的，自雇的accept an invitation 接受邀请special reception 特别招待会anniversary n. 周年纪念venue n. 会场，会议地点attendance n. 出席，出席的人数fast food restaurant 快餐店transform vt. 转换，改变，改造global business 跨国企业original adj. 最初的，原始的franchise n.&vt. 特许经销权；给……以特许feature n.&vt. 是……的特色，以……为特色French fries 炸土豆条softdrink 软饮料；汽水milkshake 奶昔，泡沫牛奶（将牛奶和冰淇淋等混合后搅打至起泡的饮料）purchase n.&vi.&vt. 买，购买词语准备spot vt. 认出，发现odd adj. 奇怪的，古怪的pyjamas n. 睡衣，宽长裤do yoga 做瑜伽make an excuse 编借口，找理由head of department 部门领导staff training 员工培训attend new product launch 出席新产品推介会sales targets 销售指标PA abbr. Personal assistant的缩写，私人助理hand in resignation 递交辞呈3.1 Business Topic Company biography词语准备Biography n. 形成，成长和衰亡的记载（或历史）；传记exclusive distributor 独家批发商open vi.&vt. 开设，开办，开张expand vi.&vt. 扩大，扩张corporation n. 公司，企业cosmetic n. （一般用复数cosmetics）化妆品inspire vt. 激发，启示，使生灵感philosophy n. 哲学revolutionary adj. 革命的raw material 原材料supplier n. 供应者，厂商ethical adj. 伦理的；道德的travel agency 旅行社contract vt. 订契约，立合同n. 契约，合同merge vi.&vt. （公司、企业等的）合并go public 上市，公开发售股票business partner 生意伙伴，商业伙伴entrepreneurial adj. 企业家的freelancer n. 自由职业者，自由撰写人millionaire 网络百万富翁（靠成立网络公司或网络营销等发家）celebrity n. 名人entrepreneur n. 企业家3.2 Business Skills Company performance词语准备performance n. 业绩，成绩；性能distribute vt. 配送，分发，分送record profit 历史最高利润organic adj. (粮食)不靠化肥生长的，施用有机肥料的ingredient n. 配料；成分nutritious adj. 有营养成分的，营养的improve one’s image 改善形象banquet n. 宴会manufacturer n. 制造业者，厂商guarantee vt. 保证，担保symbol n. 象征，符号，记号innovative adj. 创新的，革新的sport utility vehicle 运动型多用途车component n. 成分validation n. （可靠性）检测certify vt. 证明，保证application n. 应用，运用assurance n. 保证，担保；确信，断言founder n. 创始人，奠基人turnover n. 营业额dramatically adv. 戏剧地，极大地advertise vi.&vt. 做广告，登广告annual report 年终报告，年终总结share price 股票价格proactive adj. 积极的，主动的dedicated adj. 专注的，献身的unique adj. 唯一的，独特的access n. 接近（进入）的机会；接近（进入）的权利；如入口brochure n. 小册子in this respect 在这个方面，在这个细节maximum n. 最大量，最大限度，极大company value 公司价值airfare n. 飞机票价market share 市场份额supermarket chain 连锁超市financial services 金融服务insurance n. 保险credit card 信用卡personal banking services 个人银行业务market stall 市场货摊vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆take over 接收，接管retailer n. 零售商wholesaler n.批发商annual sales 年销售额carbon footprint 碳足迹（指一个人的能源意识和行为对自然界产生的影响）4.1 import and exportimport n. vi.&vt.进口export n.vi.&vt.出口competitor n.竞争对手wholesaler n. 批发商warehouse n. 仓库audio product 音响产品ban n.&vt.禁令fashion industry crisis 服装行业危机commissioner 委员spokeswoman n.女发言人huge losses 巨大损失resign n.;vi.&vt.辞职garment n.服装in favor of 支持，赞成disastrous adj.损失惨重的import control 进口控制import quotas 进口配额compromise n.妥协，折中stock exchange 证券交易所，证券交易appeal to sb. 对···有吸引力available adj.有空的，能得到的dossier 档案卷宗flat 没电的电用完的embarrassing adj.令人难堪的in-house magazine 内部杂志participant n.参加者stressful adj.有压力的，紧迫的moderator 会议主持人press the mute button 按下静音键reflect on 有损声誉，招来非议teleconference n.电话会议4.2Printer cartridges 打印机墨盒Description 种类性质描述Pass the message on to 把留言转给complaint n.投诉cancel vt.取消extension number 分机号码pharmaceuticals 医药用品budget n.预算plasma screen TV 等离子电视freight forwarder 货运商distributor n.发行人，销售商container n.集装箱production manager 生产经理，厂长5.1stock broker 股票经纪人，证券经纪人London Stock Exchange 伦敦证券交易所bank account 银行存款bankrupt adj.破产了的accommodation n.住处；膳宿get start 开始source of income 收入来源farm produce n.农产品business contact 生意场的熟人/关系make enquiries 询问human resource 人力资源HR manager 人力资源经理passion n.激情，热情competitive adj .竞争的give up sth. all together完全放弃某东西professional photographer 职业摄影师studio n.画室；工作室；演播室5.2design office 设计室printer n.打印机quotation n.报价in full colour 用彩色in black and white 用黑白色refer to 参考，查阅，查看book fair 书展a series of 一系列Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语adj意大利的，意大利语的. coincidence n.巧合，巧事move n.步骤；措施；办法removal company 搬运公司stationery 文具，信纸bank loan 银行贷款paperwork 日常文书工作loan application 贷款申请flavor n.味道，滋味，香味on a small scale 小规模café小餐馆；饮食摊；咖啡馆snack bar 快餐柜，小吃店outlet n.商店；市场；销路strawberry n.草莓pear n.梨子mango n.芒果meet demand满足需求health club 健身俱乐部5.3poster n.海报，招贴office equipment 办公设备previous adj.在先的，在前的，以前的reach the highest level 达到最高水平6.1passport n.护照pilot n.飞行员take off 起飞business/economy class 商务舱/经济舱first class 一等舱check in 办理登记手续boarding pass 登机牌flight attendant 空姐；空乘人员identity card 身份证return ticket 往返票，回程票single ticket 单程票buffet n.自助餐lounge n.候机室in-flight adj.机上的；在飞行中的confirmation email 确认信，确认函ask sb. for a refund 要求退款charge sb.向某人收费follow-up letter 追踪信件，后续信件fraud n.诈骗，欺骗credit card fraud 信用卡诈骗6.2room service （旅馆等处送餐到客人房间的）客房用餐服务air-conditioning 空调设备Internet connection 网络连接hair dyer 电吹风fitness room 健身房laundry service 干洗服务luxury n.豪华master suite 主套房junior suite 普通套房golf course 高尔夫球场broadband access 宽带接口quote vt.报价porter n.行李员laptop n.笔记本电脑express n.特快列车快递dispute n.纷争，纠纷travel agent 旅行代办人divert to 转移，转向6.3technician n.技术员，技师internal communication 内部沟通ISO International Organization for Standardization的缩写，国际标准化组织inspector n.检查员，巡视员ensure vt.保证，担保make alterations做修改7.1testimonial. n.证明书，推荐书remote control vt. 遥控，遥控装置install vt. 安装，安置adjust vt. 调整，调节，使适合personal preference 个人偏好characteristic n. 特性，特征electricity rate 电价energy conservation n. 能源的节约cell phone 手机mobile phonebe away on holiday 去度假maintenance n. 维护fax n.&vt. 传真pen drive U盘笔PDA Personal Digital Assistant 的缩写，个人数字助理scanner n. 扫描器，扫描仪laser printer n. 激光打印机client n. 顾客，主顾customeraverage family 普通家庭running cost 运营费operation costlive show 现场直播的表演estimate vi&vt 估计，估价value for money 性价比，物有所值academic reputation 学术声誉tuition fee n. 学费curriculum n. （学校的全部）课程courselecturer n. 讲课者，讲师percentage of graduates in work 毕业生就业率proximity n. 接近approximate 大约的大概的flexibility n. 弹性，机动性flexible 弹性的7.2possession n. 所有物，财产possess 拥有= ownlength n. 长，长度width n. 宽，宽度height n. 高，高度depth n. 深，深度weight n. 重量LCD monitor LCD 是Liquid Crystal Display 的缩写，液晶显示器grey metal 金属灰rental n. 租金额，租金收入euro n. 欧元provider n. 供给者，供应商technical support 技术支持monthly charge 月收费，月租billing period 付账期special offer 特价penalty n. 处罚，罚款feedback n.反馈7.3domestic market 国内市场the local press 当地媒体drawer n. 抽屉red wood （木质为红色的）红树；红树木材8.1property n. 财产asset财产，资产carry out 执行，贯彻automatically 自动地show…around… 带领某人参观···automate vi&vt. 使自动化output n. 产量demand n. 需求assembly line 生产线，流水线work at full capacity 满负荷工作，以全部力量工作buyer’s market 买方市场exceed vt. 超出loading bay 装卸平台Inventory n. 库存stock n. 库存，存货defect n. 缺点，缺陷eliminate vt. 消除，根除adopt vt. 采用，采纳；收养key features 主要特征；特色principle n. 原则；原理8.2solution n. 解决办法mechanism n. 机制petrol n. 汽油（英）diesel n. 柴油disposable cup 一次性杯子lid n. 盖子；被盖smart adj. 巧妙的；聪明的anti-virus program 防病毒软件production targets 生产指标customer service 客户服务break into 破门而入go out of business 歇业，停业be off sick with flu 得流感请病假plant manager 工厂经理，厂长meet quality standard 符合质量标准fuel n. 燃料sign a contract 签一份合同8.3reliable adj. 可靠地，可信赖的recommendation n.推荐departure time起飞时间in-flight service 机上服务joint decision 共同决定cashier n. 出纳员administrator n. 管理员，行政官branch manager 分行经理，分公司经理security guard 警卫，保安9.1norm n. 标准，规范greenhouse emission 温室气体排放hybrid n&adj. 杂交（的），混血儿（的），混种（的）hydrogen n. 氢power generator 发电机alternative n. 二者择一，可供选择的办法/事物trial version 试验品，试用品prediction n. 预测predict预测，预计public transport 公共交通solar panel 太阳能电池板joint venture 合资企业state-of-the-art technology 最先进的/最优良的技术power station发电厂withdraw vt. 撤离，退出；取款strategy n. 策略，战略strategic 战略的，策略的stabilize vi&vt.使稳定，保持···稳定stable 稳定的make an assessment 评估analysis n. 分析mutual benefit 互惠，互利foreign exchange transaction 外汇交易，外汇业务a rise in the demand 需求的增长tax rate 税率viable adj. 可行的with a view to 着眼于，以···为目的，考虑到appropriate adj. 适当的legal adj. 法律的，法定的，合法的environmental adj.周围的，环境的private property 私有财产comment n.&vi. 评论Unpredictable adj. 不可预知的With regard to 关于9.2tropical adj. 热带的hit by a hurricane 受飓风袭击sweep across 横扫structural damage 结构损坏road and rail links 公路和铁路线disrupt vt. 使中断，使陷于混乱，破坏emergency team n.紧急救援队restore vt.恢复，修复，重建subsidiary n. 子公司handle a crisis n. 处理危机on the night shift 上夜班evacuate vt. 疏散，撤出withdraw 撤退，取款deposit n&vt. 存款emergency meeting 紧急会议machinery n. （总称）机器，机械mechanism 机制cut off 切断；隔离repair work 维修工作retail sector 零售部门chaos n.混乱，混沌panic n.&vi. 惊慌，恐慌typical adj.典型的headline n. （报纸的）大字标题take a hard / close look at sth. 密切注视某事务appoint vt. 任命，委任spokesperson n.发言人，代言人，辩护士compassion n. 同情，怜悯brand image 品牌形象agenda n. 议程move on 继续food poisoning 食物中毒review n.&vt. 评论spill n.&vt. 溢出，溅出，散落，使流出main course 主菜starter 开胃小菜steak牛排lamb羊肉dessert n. 餐后甜点things go from bad to worse 情况越来越糟apologise for sth. 为某事道歉accept full responsibility 承担全部责任9.3collateral n. 担保品，抵押品；相关的bilateral 双边的under-used adj. 未充分利用的；使用不当的poverty n.贫穷，贫困poor 穷的rural area 农村地区commute vi.（乘公共汽车、火车或船）往来（于工作地点和住所之间），通勤middle management 中层管理人员10.1portfolio n.组合investment portfolio 投资组合people in jobs 在职员工innovation n. 革新，创新profitability n.收益性qualification n. 资格；资格证书expertise n.专家的意见；专业技术leadership n.领导才能brain power 智能vice versa adv. 反之亦然authoritative adj.有权威的organized adj.有条理的understanding adj.善解人意的resolve disagreement 解决分歧take responsibility for 对···负责任inspiring adj.鼓励人心的agree on 对···取得一致意见10.2conference n. 会议new venture 新企业，新项目arrange catering 安排餐饮registered 注册过的budget 预算be/go over budget 超出预算priority n. 优先处理的事，优先权network n. 人际关系网entrepreneurship n. 企业家精神strategic planning 战略规划do without 没有···也行preferential rates 优惠价，特惠价small talk 闲谈be proud of 为···感到骄傲thanks to 感谢···corporate hospitality 公司接待，商务接待politics n. 政治；政见earnings n. 所得，收入dress code 着装惯例，着装准则local specialty 地方特产recommend vt. 推荐；介绍10.3catering company 餐饮公司top quality 品质上乘corporate event 公司活动specialize in 擅长于；专政discount n. 折扣faulty adj. 有缺点的，有毛病的acknowledge vt. 答谢11.1health and safety signs 健康与安全标志first aid 急救high voltage 高电压in case of 假设，万一elevator n. 电梯commence vi&vt. 开始，着手Fire alarm call point 火警呼叫按钮assembly point 集合处hazard n. 危险，冒险的事minor injury n.轻伤procedure n.程序；手续emergency n.紧急情况，突然事件cement factory 水泥厂fire extinguisher 灭火器protective clothing 防护衣temperature n.温度consume vt.消费waste material 垃圾canteen n. 食堂sign in 签到production area 生产区production line 生产线main office building 办公主楼no-smoking zone 非吸烟区keep clean and tidy 保持干净和整洁fire exit n.安全出口，紧急出口clearly marked 清楚地标明clock in 用打卡机记录上班时间fire drill 消防训练，火灾避难训练delete vt. 删除get the sack 被解雇，被解职high-heel shoes 高跟鞋be clear of obstacles n.没有障碍物be kept clear 保持通畅tie back one’s hair 把头发向后扎起来protective mask 防护面具bend one’s knees 屈膝white coat 白大褂workplace etiquette 工作场所行为规范dos and don’ts in the workplace 工作场所行为准则deep vein thrombosis 深静脉血栓症lump n. 块（尤指小块）clot n. （血液等的）凝块symptom n.症状，征兆block the vein 阻塞血管have serious consequences 有严重后果alcohol n.酒精，酒humidity n. 湿气，潮湿，湿度surf the Internet 网上冲浪massage n.按摩have a snack 吃点心entrance lobby n. 入门的大厅，休息室lava lamp n.熔岩灯hallway n.走廊gymnastic room adj. 体操房；健身房rowing machine 划船练习架locker room 更衣室；衣物间assorted video games 各式各样的电子游戏baby grand piano 小型卧式钢琴pool table 台球台，桌球台snack room 点心室cereal n.谷类视频，谷类toffee n.太妃糖yoghurt n.酸乳酪cappuccino n.热牛奶咖啡density n.密度densely packed密集的university campus 大学校园suburban office park adj.郊区办公园区11.2slip n.&vi.滑落，滑倒get stuck 被卡住，被夹住cartridge n.墨水盒accident report form 事故报告单lose one’s balance 失去平衡hit sb. on the head 砸在头上hurt oneself badly 严重受伤a small cut 小伤口cupboard n. 橱柜，碗碟柜a member of staff 一名员工carry out the following checks 进行以下检查health and safety awareness 健康与安全意识computerize= computerize vt. 用计算机处理，使计算机化maintenance man 维修人员sort vt. 分类theme park 主题公园safety record 安全记录safety inspection 安全检查category n. 种类，类别burger bar 汉堡包柜台heart attack 心脏病发作roller coaster 过山车safety lock 保险锁pregnant adj.怀孕的Space Mission Simulator n.太空任务模拟器heart exhaustion 中暑衰竭（指轻度中暑）dehydration n.脱水choke vi&vt.窒息，哽住，使呼吸困难aquarium 水族馆dolphin n.海豚bruise n.&vi.&vt.瘀伤，擦伤，打伤，装上arm band 臂带microchip 微芯片barrier （阻碍通道的）障碍物；栅栏，屏障restriction n.限制，约束designate vt.指明，指出leaflet 传单entry ticker门票summarise=summarize vi.&vt. 概述，总结11.3cut waste 减少浪费reduce costs 削减开支work procedures 工作程序water onsumption 水消费12.1job satisfaction 工作满意度promotion n. 晋升flexible hours 弹性工作时间unemployment n.事业lottery n.彩票sponsor n. 赞助商；保证人migrant n.移民，移居者survey n.调查recruitment agency 招聘公司exploitation n. 剥削；利用positive attitude 肯定的态度PR Public Relations 的缩写，公共关系nationality n.国籍vacancy n.空缺的职位accounts department 会计部门rumour n.谣言；传说win a large export contract 订了一份大单的出口合同production capacity 生产能力luxury cruise ship 豪华游轮12.2public relations coordinator 公共关系协调员dynamic adj. 充满活力的be fluent in 能说流利的···PR strategies 公关策略product launch 产品推介会media exposure 媒体暴露covering letter 说明信，求职信degree n.学位recruitment n. 招聘text type 文本类型attachment n. 附件enclosure n.附件；封入信封之物be attentive to 专心致志于administrative adj. 管理的，行政的well-qulified adj. 有良好资格的；有很好资历的well-oraganised adj. 有良好条理的variety n. 多样性weak point 弱点follow-up n.追踪调查12.3cloze test 完形填空global market 全球市场integrate into/with 使成为一体，把···和···结合起来diversity n. 多样性label n.标签，标志play a key role 起到关键作用identity n. 身份uniqueness n. 独特性，唯一性individual n. 个体，个人legible adj. 清晰地，易读的enrolment n. 注册登记，入学due n. 应付款，应得物likely adj. 很可能的，合适的penalize vt. 处罚In the question 提到过的，讨论到的Dominate vi.&vt.支配、。
剑桥商务英语词汇大全
.Unit 1 the 3 sectors of economy经济的三个部分Infrastructure 基础结构Lean produce 精益生产Warehouse 仓库Industrial units 工业区Residential building 住宅区Agricultural land 农耕区Housing estate地产Managing director 董事总经理，总裁Wholesale outlet 批发商店Retail outlet 零售店Calculation of price 价格计算Added value 增值Smelt 熔炼，提炼Mill 磨Weld 焊接Ex works 出厂价Up stream 上游Down stream 下游Total picture 全局Maintenance 保养，维修Bauxite 铝土矿Coil 线圈Cement 水泥Labor cost 劳力成本Semi-finished 半成品Finished product 成品Department of health 卫生部Primary sector 第一产业Secondary sector 第二产业Tertiary sector 第三产业Raw material 原材料Administration 管理Law 司法Computing 计算机操作Personnel 人事Distribute 分配，配送Health care 医疗卫生Logistics 物流Assemble 装配Disassemble 拆卸Assembling line 生产线Iron ore 铁矿石Division of labor 劳动分工Heavy industry 重工业Light industry 轻工业Marketing 市场营销Chain of command 指挥系统，行政管理系统Core technology 核心技术Know-how 技术诀窍Labor-intensive 劳动密集型Technology-intensive 技术密集型Capital-intensive 资本密集型Hinterland 内地，腹地Initial outlay 初期投资Garments 服装Unit 2 management 管理Manager’s job= planning+ organizing+ leading+ controlling Allocate resources 分配资源Pay and promotion 薪酬和晋升Modify 修正Line manager 一线经理Immediate line manager 直接下属的一线经理Top manager 高层经理Top management 高层管理Middle management 中层管理Supplier 供应商Public authorities 政府部门Be advised 听取意见Distributor 分销商Swiss franc 瑞士法郎Appreciate 升值Depreciate 贬值Component of economy 经济部门Good will resource 商誉Human resource 人力资源Natural resource 自然资源Market share 市场份额Monopoly in/ of/ on 垄断，专利品Management skills 管理技能Management tactics 管理技巧Decision-making 决策Board of directors 董事会Chairman of the board 董事长High-performance car 高性能汽车Tangible/ physical resources 有形资源Capital resources 资本资源Superior 上级Subordinate 下属Senior manager 资深经理Junior manager 初级经理Corporate culture 公司文化Check and balance 制衡Hardware 五金，硬件Monopoly/ lock 垄断Interchangement 互换Solution provider 方案提供商Chain store 连锁店Work experience 工作经历Working hour 工作时间Price v. 定价；比价Chief operation office 首席运营官Operation management 作业管理Financial management 财务管理HR management 人力资源管理Marketing management 销售管理Logistics management 物流管理OTC= over the counter 成药Arts 文科Science 理科Engineering 工科Simulate 仿造，模仿High-end product 高端产品Rock bottom price 最低价Frills 虚饰Target market 目标市场Empowerment 赋权Ad hoc 特别，专门Task force 特遣部队，特别行动组Cash and assets 现金和资产Buffer= cushion 起缓冲作用的人或物Leeway 余地，余裕Product 产品Productivity 生产率Produce 生产；特产local produce 地方特产Delegation 代表团Corporate statement = mission statement 公司主旨Aim/ vision 愿景Corporate image 公司形象For here 堂食To go 带走Focus group 焦点小组Innovation 创新，革新Manageable 可管理的，可处理的Set objective 设置目标Safety net 安全网Dismiss 解职，开除Expertise 专门技术Merchandise 商品，货物Verify 检验，核实IBM= International Business MachinesThe retail sector 零售业Predescribed quantities 预先定好的数量Layout 布局Sales staff 销售人员Working environment 工作环境Day-to-day logistics 日常物流，后勤Day-to-day running of the store 商店的日常运营Strategic management 战略管理Formulating strategy 制定战略Delegation 授权Parameter 参数High street= main street 大众的（商品）Replenish→replenishment （货物的）补充Members of staff 公司职员Voice your consent 抱怨Inventory = stock 库存Policy 保单（a contract of insurance）Philosophy 理念Regular meeting 例会，常规会议Accountability 问责性Unit 3 company structure 公司结构Recruitment 雇佣，招募Remuneration 报酬Department of legal affairs 法务部Purchase 采购部IT 信息技术部R&D 研发部Tooling 加工部Immediate boss 直接上司Immediate subordinate 直接下属Autonomous 自制的Decentralization 分散化，权力下放，分权Function 功能Hierarchy 等级Line authority 直线职权Report to 向……负责Subordinates 下属Matrix 矩阵Assistant manager 助理经理Manager assistant 经理助理Functional structure 机能结构 = production+ finance+ marketing市场营销+ sales+ personnel/ HRLead time 订货交付时间Reorganization 改组Operating division 运营段，运营分部Overlap 重叠Commercial division 商业银行Private banking 私人理财International division 国际银行Investment division 投资银行Inherent problem 固有的问题Product manager 产品经理Market segment 市场细分Autonomy 自治权Priority 优先权Dimensional 四维基质的Sales force 销售队伍Commission 提成Optional features 可选功能，可选装置Cash balance 现金平衡Credit facility 信用工具Profit margin 利益空间Research and development spending 研发投入Self-financing 使用自有资金，自筹资金Organization chart 组织结构图Market research 市场调研（部）Teller 出纳Advertising and promotion 广告与促销Publicity 宣传Industrial belt 工业带Corporate ethos 公司风气Collaboration 协作Insulated = isolated 隔绝的Fragmentation 分裂Subsidiary 分公司Openness 开放性Downsizing 裁员Downturn 下滑Recession 衰退Chief financial officer 财务总监Unit 4 work and motivation工作和动机Induce 劝诱，促使Incentive 动力，刺激Labor relations 劳资关系Labor union 工会Benefit 福利，津贴Perk 津贴，补贴Supplement 额外费用Bureaucracy 官僚主义Job safety 工作安全性Job security 工作稳定性Sales promotion 促销Remuneration 薪水Psychological well-being 心理满足Administration 行政管理Working condition 工作条件Paid holiday 带薪假日Sick pay 病假工资Pension 养老金Psychology of work 工作心理学Recognition 认可，承认Checkout till 结账柜台的现金出纳机Checkout 结账柜台Till 现金出纳机Cash till 收银台Cash register 收银处Product line 生产线Product line-up 产品系列User-friendly 易于使用的Go round 分配Creature comfort 物质享受Interface 界面程序Annual bonus 年度奖金Corporate culture 公司文化= values价值观+ beliefs信条+ norms标准Dead-end job 没前途的工作Stock order = replenishment 货物补充Hygiene 卫生Play pool 打台球Health screening program 健康检查Sales floor 店面Trade floor 交易所Bus depot 汽车总站Profit-sharing programme 收益分享Career training 职业培训Working week 工作周Pre-school age children 学前儿童Premise 工作场所Subsidize 补贴Tinned food 罐装食物Piecework system 计件系统Pay scheme 薪酬计划Unit 5 management and cultural diversity 管理与文化多样性Localization 本地化Globalization 全球化Pay-for-performance 绩效工资Collectivist 集体主义的Sales rep 商品经销代理Universalist 普爱论者Particularist 排他主义者Glocalization 全球地方化Multinational 跨国公司Unit 6 recruitment 招聘Applicant 申请人Application 申请Application form 申请表Candidate 候选人Curriculum vitae = resume 简历Employment agency 职介机构Job description 职责描述Job vacancy 职务空缺Reference 推荐信Short-list 列入最后候选名单Covering letter= cover letter 附函Give notice 预先通知（辞退）A form of headhunters 猎头公司Follow up 跟进Preliminary selection 初选Testimonials 证明书，推荐书Synchronized sewing 同步缝纫Traineeship 培训Referee 介绍人，推荐人Controlling stake 控股权Contingency 意外事件Contingency plan 应变计划Contingency fund 以外开支准备金Core competence 核心竞争力Home provider 持家者Stereotype 成见Maternity leave 产假Sick pay 病假The trade 同行Trade union = labor union 工会Working class 无产阶级，工薪族Child-bearingChild-rearingAffirmative action 倾向性法案Positive discrimination 积极差别Corporate affairs 公司事务Allowances 津贴，补贴Unit 7 labor relationship劳资关系Trade union= labor union 工会Motorway 高速公路Collective bargaining 集体谈判Go-slow= slowdown 怠工Working-to-rule 按章工作Industrial action 劳工行动Picket 纠察Rate of production 生产速率Premises 企业的房屋建筑及附属场地Outsource 外包Subcontract 转包Subcontractor 承包商Out of house 机构外部的In-house 机构内部的Backstreet 偏僻街道Bill 开出账单，收取费用Staff levels 人员配备情况Bargaining power 议价权Conglomerate 联合大公司，企业集团Arch-rival 主要竞争对手Penalty point 违章扣分记录Pay-as-you-go 打多少交多少话费Auditor 审计员Adversary 对手，敌手Working hours gongzuoshijWorking practices 工作惯例Uneconomic job 不赚钱的工作Tyranny 专制Deregulation 解除管制Work force 劳动力Public sector 共有部门Unit 8 production生产Flexible production line 柔性生产线Trade-off 妥协，协调，平衡Opportunity cost 机会成本Sunk cost 沉没成本Raw materials 原材料Semi-finished 半成品Finished 成品Product defect 质量缺陷Excess capacity 剩余产能Fixed cost 固定成本Variable cost 可变成本Cash flow 现金流Information flow 信息流Material flow 物料流Logistics 物流Lost sales 销售损失Market share 市场份额Production run 生产周期Mother-board 主板Hard disc 硬盘Chip 芯片Chassis （汽车）底盘Call center 呼叫中心OEM= original equipment manufacter 设备原产商，贴牌制造商Lean production 精益生产= stockless production 零库存生产= JIT= just-in-time production 准时制生产= continuous flow manufacture 连续流程生产PPM= piece per million 每百万件瑕疵率Continuous improvement= kaizen= kaizan 改善哲学Deming cycle= PDCA= plan-do-check-act 德明环ERP= enterprise resources planning 企业资源计划Scientific outlook 科学发展观No slack 无松懈，无容余Hi-fi= high fidelity 高保真Wi-fi= wireless fidelity 无线保真Operation manager 操作经理，运营经理Lead time 交付时间，订货到收货时间间隔Outsourcing= contracting out 外包Plant 工厂Subcontractor 承包商，分包商Economies of scale 规模经济Handling 搬运Depreciation 贬值Set-up 机器设置Obsolescence 过时，废弃Theft 盗窃，偷盗Breakage 破损Leakage 渗漏Under-utilizing 开工不足Defective 次品Quantity discount 大宗购买折扣Stimulate demand 刺激需求Sabotage 蓄意破坏Throughput 生产量，加工阶段Throughput time 输入到输出的加工阶段所需时间Product mix 产品组合Product line 产品系列，产品线Product range 产品范围QC department= quality department 质量部Knock-on 附带效果，间接影响，累积效果Knock-on effect 连续反应Circuit board 电路板Implant 植入Transplant 移植Refine process 完善Refinery 精炼厂TQM= Total quality management 全面质量管理Assembling 组装Distribute 分销Equipment 设备，（企业除了房产以外的）固定资产Facility 设备Joint venture 合资企业Location 位置，选址Operation 操作，运营Parts 零件Recall 召回Storage 贮藏（量）Work in process 正在进行的工作Unit 9 products产品Launch a product 发布产品Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度Brand awareness 品牌知名度Brand preference 品牌偏爱度Brand switcher 转换不同牌子的人Product line 产品线Product line-up 全系列产品Product mix 产品组合（一种产品的不同形式）Product range 产品范围PLC= Product life cycle 产品生命周期Niche 缝隙Niche market 缝隙市场Line-stretching 产品线的扩展Line filling 产品系列的填补Market segment 细分市场Segmentation of the market 市场细分High-end market 高端市场Low-end market 低端市场Up-market 向高端市场Down-market 向低端市场Product image 产品形象Corporate image 公司形象Shelf life 货架期，存活期Sell-by date 销售期限Expiration date= expire date 产品有效期Eye-soreAround the clock 24小时营业Portion 一客Dehydrate 使脱水Shareholder= stockholder 股东Stakeholder 利益一致者，风险共担体制Logo 标志Slogan 口号Service station （高速公路旁的）服务站Desktop machine 台式机器Financing 融资Economics 经济情况，经济因素Color scheme 色彩主题，色彩搭配Credit facility 信用工具Warranty = guarantee 保修Maintenance 维修保养After-sales service 售后服务Brand name 品牌Brand 商标，牌子Shelf space 货架空位Product development 产品研发Profitability 利润率Vending machine 自动售货机Prototype 原型，雏形Augmented 扩张的Delivery 交货，交付Initiative 主动积极性Market share 市场份额，市场占有率Multi-brand strategy 多品牌策略Vandalize 蓄意损坏公物Retailer 零售商Colgate 高露洁Philips 飞利浦Procter & Gamble 宝洁Unilever 联合利华Yamaha 雅马哈Unit 10 marketing市场营销Marketing mix市场营销组合，营销要素组合= product+ promotion+ price+ place Promotion 促销= advertising+ word of mouth+ public relations+ point of saleMarketing= advertising 广告+ personal selling 人员推销+ sales promotion 促销+ publicity and public relations 宣传和公共关系Optional 选择（配置）Standard 标准（配置）Personal selling 人员推销Direct marketing 直销Direct mail 直邮Business market= producer market= industrial 商务市场，生产资料市场Consumer market 消费市场List price 标价= suggested retail price= recommended retail price 建议零售价Management consulting 管理咨询Tie range 领带系列Texture 质地Lycra 莱卡Take remedial action 采取补救措施Qualitative analysis 定性分析Quantitive research 定量分析Internal research 内部分析Raw/ primary/ first-hand data 一手数据Secondary/ second-hand data 二手数据Academic journal 学术期刊Trade journal 行业期刊Wine testing session 品酒会Sample v. 尝试，品尝Distribution channel 分销渠道，配送渠道Market research= marketing research 市场研究，市场调研Centrality 集中性Console 控制台Focus group 焦点小组Head office 公司总部Market opportunity 市场机会Integration 整合Marketer 营销人员Publicity 宣传Questionnaire 调查问卷Sales promotion 促销活动Selling 推销Target customer 目标顾客Hard-sell 硬性推销Market segmentation 市场细分Point of sale 销售点Product concept 产品概念Product features 产品功能Sales representative 销售代理B2B= business to business 企业对企业Selling concept 销售概念Marketing concept 行销概念Differential advantage 差异优势Integrated marketing 整合营销Discount 折扣Payment periodCredit terms 信用调侃Product manager 产品经理Brand manager 品牌经理Annual report 年报Unit11 advertising广告Advertising account 广告客户Advertising agent 广告公司Advertising campaign 广告宣传，广告攻势Brief 摘要Budget 预算Commercial 广播或电视广告Comparative-parity method 相对平等方法，比较奇偶方法Cost per thousand= CPM 每一千个成本Counter-cyclical advertising 非循环的广告Diminishing returns 收益递减Exposure 暴露Frequency 频率Institutional advertising 机构广告= prestige advertising 声望广告Media plan 媒体计划Media space 媒体空间Message 讯息，广告词OTS= opportunity to see 可见机会Prospective customer 潜在顾客Sales revenue 销售收入Sponsorship 赞助Target market 目标市场Threshold effect 门槛效应Turnover 流通量，营业额，周转Word-of-mouth advertising 口口相传，口碑Billboard = hoarding 广告牌Classified advertisement 分类广告Paid advertising 付费广告Advertising strategy 广告策略Poster 海报Purchasing frequency 购买平率Buyer turnover 新入场客户Match 追平Excessive advertising 过度广告Voiceover 画外音Unit12 promotional tools促销工具Promotion tools 促销工具= advertising 广告+ personal selling 人员推销+ sales promotion 提升销量+public relations 公共关系Brand awareness 品牌知名度Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度Coupon 优惠券Introduction stage 引入期Growth stage 增长期，上升阶段Maturity stage 成熟期Decline stage 衰退期，下降阶段Loss leader 特价商品Planning 计划Positioning 定位Price-conscious 对价格敏感的Sales force 销售队伍Salespeople 售货员Sample 样品Trial 尝试Free trial 免费试用Publicity 宣传Paid advertising 付费广告Novel product 新产品Aim 指向Reduction 降价Rebate 回扣Promotional strategy 促销策略Promotional tactic 促销技巧Reduced-price pack 经济装Distributor 分销商Retailer 零售商Dealer 代理商Off-season 淡季Unit 13 accounting and financial statements 会计和财务报表Accountancy 会计师Accountant 会计师Accounting equation 会计恒等式Accounting 会计学Accrue 自然增加Accrued expenses 应计费用Accumulate 累计Amortization 摊销Annual report 年度报告Appreciate 增值Auditing 审计Bookkeeping 簿记Capitalization 资本化Cash flow 现金流Cost accounting 成本会计Creative accounting 粉饰财务状况Credit 信用，贷方Creditors债权人= accounts payable 应付账款Debit 借方Debt 债务Debtors债务人= accounts receivable 应收账款Depreciation 折旧Dividend 股息，红利Double-entry bookkeeping 复式簿记，复式记账法Earnings 收益Expenditure 支出，花费Expenses 费用，开支Financial statement 财务决算，财务报表Finished products 成品，产品Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Going concern 持续经营Goodwill 商誉Income 收益Interest 利息Long term liabilities 长期负债Current liabilities 流动负债，短期负债Managerial accounting 管理会计Market capitalization 市场资本化Nominal value 票面价值Market value 市场价值Quantify 量化Retained earnings 留存收益Revenue （销售）收入Self proprietorship 独资企业Shareholder= stockholder 股东Stock= inventory 库存Liability for tax 税务负担Transaction 交易Managerial accounting 管理会计Tax accounting 税务会计Cost accounting 成本会计Prepare budget 编制预算Financial report 财务报表Value v 定价Income & expenditure 收入和支出Debits & credits 借与贷Assets & liabilities 资产与负债Unit cost 单位成本Auditing 审计IRS= Internal Revenue Service 美国税务署Tax authority 税务局CPA= Certificated Public Accountant 注册会计师File a tax return 报税Income tax return 所得税表Income tax 所得税Sales tax 销售税Self-proprietorship 个体户Partnership 合伙，合股Tax break 减免税Turnover 销售收入，总收入Charged against profits 从利润中扣除On credit 赊账Overheads= overhead 固定费用Variable cost 可变成本Shareholder= stockholder 股东Pay liabilities 偿债Purchase price 购买价Depreciation charge 折旧费Understate 低估Overstate 高估Inflation 通货膨胀Deflation 通货紧缩Historical cost accounting 历史成本会计Net book value 净账面价值= purchase value – depreciation chargeCurrent cost accounting 时价会计Replacement cost accounting 重置成本会计Specify v. 规定Profit and loss account= income statement 损益表 (shows earnings & expenditure, i.e. turnover+ costs+ expensed+ overheads )Balance sheet 资产负债表(shows financial situation on particular date, i.e. assets+ long-term & short-term liabilities+ shareholder’s funds)Financial year 财政年度Assets 资产= debtors/ accounts receivable + intangible assetsIntangible assets 无形资产=patents 专利+ goodwill 商誉+ copyrights 版权+ trade marks 商标Liabilities 负债=creditors/ account payableLong-term liabilities= loans 贷款+ bonds 债券Short-term liabilities=taxes+ interests 利息Assets=liabilities+ owners’ equity 资本主权，业主产权（股东对资产清偿所有债务之后剩余价值的所有权）Assets-liabilities= owners’ equity/ net assets 净资产Share capital 股本，股份资本Share premium= paid-in surplus 股份溢价（超过股票票面价值的所得）Market capitalization 市场资本总值，市场资本总额Reserves 储量profit→taxation, dividend, retained profitFunds flow statement 资金流量表Source and application of funds statement 资金来源和应用表Statement of changes in financial position 财务状况变动报表Consolidated financial statement 合并财务报表IAS= International Accounting Standards 国际会计标准Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 期初现金Net cash from operating activities 运营净现金Net profit 净利润Retained earnings 留存收益Non-current assets 非流动资产Pre-paid expenses 预付费用Treasury shares 回购股票Translation differences 折算差Deferred tax liabilities 递延税负债Interest-bearing liabilities 有息贷款VAT= value added tax 增值税Associated company 关联公司Minority interests 少数股权Proceeds 所得收入Unit 14 banking 银行业务Personal banking 个人银行业务Cash card 现金卡，借记卡Credit card 信用卡Cash dispenser= ATM= automatic teller machine 自动取款机，自动柜员机Home banking 家庭银行（网银+电话银行）Loan 贷款Mortgage 抵押贷款，按揭Overdraft= overdraw 透支Current account= checking account 活期账户Deposit account= time account= notice account 定期账户Standing order= direct debit 长期委托书The banking industry 银行业Commercial bank= retail bank 商业银行，零售银行Foreign currency 外币Foreign exchange 外汇Spread= margin 差额Credit 借贷Note 纸币Cheque= check 支票Coin 硬币Yield & risk 收益与风险Liquidity 资产流动性Maturity 到期Investment bank= merchant bank 投资银行Issue securities 发行证券Underwrite securities 包销，分销证券Merger 并购Takeover 收购，接管Stockbroker 股票经纪人Portfolio management 投资组合Fee and commission 佣金Universal bank 综合银行Central bank 中央银行Minimum interest rate 最低利率Discount rate 贴现利率Blue chip borrower 蓝筹公司Base rate= prime rate 基本利率Credit standing= credit rating= creditworthiness 信用评价Solvency 偿付能力Collateral 抵押品，担保物Foreign bank 外国银行，外资银行Eurocurrency 外国持有的欧洲货币Petrodollar 石油美元Unit 15 stocks and shares股票Unlimited liability 无限责任Limited liability 有限责任Creditor 债权人Legal entity 法律实体Wound up 中止Liquidate 清算Venture capital 风险投资Memorandum of Association= Certificate of Incorporation 公司执照Article of Association= bylaws 公司条令Director 董事Public listed company= listed company= Publicly quoted company上市公司Shareholder= stockholder 股东Registrar of companies 公司登记处Over-the-counter market 场外交易市场Alternative Investment Market (London) 另类投资市场NasdaqBe quoted= be listed 上市Stock exchange 股票交易所Issue share 发行股票First Public Offering =IPO=Make a flotation= float a company首次公开募股Investment bank 投资银行Underwrite the issue 包销Rights issue 权利股发行Capitalize 资本化Bonus issue 红股发行Annual General Meeting= Annual Meeting of Stockholders 股东年会Residual value 残留价值Liquidation 清算Secondary market 二级市场Nominal value= face value= par value 票面价值Share= stock= equity 股票Blue chip 蓝筹Defensive stock 防御性股票Growth stock 成长性股票Insider share-dealing 内部交易Institutional investor 机构投资者Mutual fund 互惠基金，互利基金Market-maker 造市商Portfolio 组合投资Stockbroker 股票经纪人Cyclical trend 周期性趋势Pension fund 养老基金Insurance company 保险公司Unit 16 bonds 债券Obligation 负债Opportunity cost 机会成本Issue bonds 发行债券Blue chip company 蓝筹公司Rate 评价，估值Rating company 评估公司Standard & Poors 标准普尔Investment grade 投资评级Bearer certificate 不记名债券Primary market 一级市场Secondary bond market 二级债券市场Liquid 变现的Par 面值Coupon 息票Debt financing 负债融资Equity financing 股票融资Tax shield 税收挡避Debt-equity ratio 负债与权益比率Receipts 收入Gilt-edged securities 金边证券Treasury bond 长期国库债券Short-term treasury bill 短期国库券Circulation 流通Redeem 赎回Convertible bond 可转换债券Junk bond 垃圾债券Unit 17 futures and derivativesFutures 期货交易，期货合约Financial asset 金融资产Option 期权Commodities 大宗商品Derivatives 衍生物Hedging 对冲，套期保值Speculation 投机(Write a) Call option 看涨期权Put option 看跌期权Discount store 打折店Spot market 现货市场Futures market 期货市场Forward contract 远期合约Premium 溢价Exchange rate 汇率Interest rate 利率London International Financial Futures Exchange=LIFFE 伦敦国际金融期货交易所Exercise price= strike price 执行价Swap 掉期Currency swap 外汇掉期Interest rate swap 利率掉期Preferential rate 优惠汇率Profit and loss account 损益表Securities and Exchange Commission=SEC 证券交易管理委员会International Swaps and Derivatives Association=ISDA 国际掉期与衍生物协会End user 最终用户Corporate governance 公司监管Stop-loss limit 止损点Scenario analysis 情景分析Sensitivity analysis 敏感度分析Front line personnel 一线人员Police vt. 监管Code of conduct 行为规范Unsolicited 主动提供的Shoot through the floor 涨疯了Unit 18 market structure and competitionDurable consumer goods 耐用消费品Market leader 市场领导者Market follower 市场跟从者Market challenger 市场挑战者Market share 市场份额Market segmentation 市场细分Differential advantage 差别又是Unique selling point=USP 独特卖点Submarket 刺激市场Potential customer 潜在客户Barrier to entry 进入门槛Cartel 卡特尔Dominant-firm oligopoly 寡头垄断Economies of scale 规模经济Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争Monopoly 垄断Monopsony 买家垄断Natural monopoly 自然垄断Oligopoly 寡头垄断Perfect competition 完全竞争Homogenous 同类的，同质的Public utility 公用事业Marginal cost 边际成本Unit 19 takeovers, mergers and buyoutsMergers and acquisition 并购Backward integration 向后合并Forward integration 向前合并Horizontal integration 横向合并Vertical integration 纵向合并Innovate 创造发明Diversify 多样化Raid 企图收购Takeover 收购出价Politics 权术，勾心斗角Optimum 最合适的Scanning electron microscope 扫描电子显微镜Craftsmanship 技术，技艺Leica 莱卡World-class player 世界级的玩家，世界级角色Rightsize 精简机构人员，合理简化On a day’s notice 提前一天通知On short notice 突然Leveraged buyouts=LBO 杠杆收购Management buyout= MBO 管理层收购Synergy 协同Asset-stripping 资产剥离Equity capital 股本Junk bond 垃圾债券UNIT 20 efficiency and employmentComputerization 计算机化Flexibility 灵活性Public services 公共服务Self-employment 自我雇佣Decentralization 分权Free trade 自由贸易Job-sharing 工作分享Rationalization 精简增效Deregulation 解除管制Productivity 生产效率Restructuring 重组Structural change 结构改变Welfare 福利Monetary policy 货币政策Private rent sector 私人租赁市场Downturn 下滑Recession 衰退Tenure 任期Downsizing 减员Agency employmentRhetoric 说辞Received wisdom 流行观点Unemployment benefit 失业救济Sack 解雇Job insecurity 工作不稳定性Employability 可雇佣性Structural unemployment 结构性失业Frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业Cyclical unemployment 周期性失业Structural shift 结构性改变Job retention rate 工作留用率UNIT 21 Business cycleClassical economic theory 古典经济理论Welfare capitalism 福利资本主义Vitality 活力Perfect competition 完全竞争，自由竞争Free enterprise 自由市场Well-being 幸福Unit 22 the role of governmentMarket forces 市场力量Health Department 卫生部National Health Service 全民医疗Undercurrent 潜流Good society 良性社会State action 国家行为Health care 医疗服务Underclass 底层The affluent 富人Planned economy 计划经济Central economic planning 中央经济规划Intervention 干预Coerce vt. 强迫Mortician 殡葬业者A host of 很多Dispose of 用掉，用光Industry 实业Department of Trade and Industry= DTI 贸易工业部Unit 23 central banking, money and taxationFiscal policy 财政政策Monetary policy 货币政策Open market operation 开放市场操作Bank run 挤兑Liquidity ratio 现金比率Branch of the government 政府部门Budgetary policy 预算政策Budget deficit 预算赤字US Federal Reserve 美联储Price stability 价格稳定，物价稳定Declare （海关）申报Levy tax at… 对……征税Income tax 所得税Direct tax 直接税Indirect tax 间接税Value-added tax 增值税Regressive tax 递减税Progressive tax 递增税Sales tax 销售税Capital gains tax 资本所得税Capital transfer tax 资本转移税Wealth tax 财富税Tax evasion 逃税，漏税Tax avoidance 避税Government expenditure 政府支出Excise duties 消费税，国内货物税Corporation tax 公司税Marginal rate 边际率Black economy= underground economy 黑色经济，地下经济，非法经济Moonlighting 兼差Self-employed 自雇Family firm 家庭企业Gross national production= GNP 国民生产总值Loophole 漏洞Life insurance人寿保险Tax shelter 减免税收合法手段Tax loss 负税亏损Capital expenditure 资本支出，基本建设费用Money laundering 洗钱Unit 24 exchange rates 外汇利率The Bretton Woods agreement 布雷顿森林体系Fixed exchange rate 固定利率Floating exchange rate 浮动利率Peg against 挂钩Promissory note 本票International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织Devaluation 贬值Revaluation 升值Gold convertibilityFreely/ clean floating exchange rate 清洁浮动利率Managed/ dirty floating exchange rate 管制/肮脏浮动利率Purchasing power parity=PPP 购买力平价Convertible currency 可兑换货币European monetary system= EMS 欧洲货币体系Spread 差价Exchange Rate Mechanism= ERM 汇率机制Sterling 英国货币D-mark 德国马克Hedging 对冲Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧Capital flow 资本流Cash flow 现金流Common currency 共同货币Floating rate note 浮动利率债券，浮动利率票据Gold standard 金本位Managed floating 管制浮动Managed fund 投资基金Off-the-peg 脱钩Pegged 挂钩的Pure floating 纯粹浮动Unit 25 the business cycle。
剑桥商务英语词汇
剑桥商务英语词汇下面是店铺整理的剑桥商务英语词汇，希望对大家有帮助。
early settlement discount：提前付款折扣 labour cost：劳动力成本mail order company：邮购计划 headquarters：n.(公司)总部item：n. 产品、货物 in standard length：标准长度的article：n. 商品、项目 measurements charts：尺寸图knitted skirts：针织裙子 v endor：n. 销售商asap(as soon as possible)尽快cash flow：现金流向、现金流量，现金流动 cash flow gap：现金流量差额catalogue：n.商品目录单 recommendation：n.推荐信、建议case study：案例分析 final payment：最后付款bar chart：柱形图 down payment：订金bill：vt. 要求支付…的费用 remainder：n.剩余物credit terms：信用期限、信用条件 outstanding：adj. 剩余的outstanding balance：剩余金额 order books：订货薄a shortage of cash：现金短缺 turnover：n. 营业额financing costs：筹措成本 cash on delivery：货到即付款margin：n. 利润 inventory：n.库存、存货penalty：n. 处罚、罚款 potential customer：潜在客户Self-study and Exam practiceworkmanship：(尤指精细的)工艺，手艺 negotiate：v.谈判，商定retail：v.零售 detail：n.细节hard sell：强行推销flat management culture：扁平化的管理结构deliver：v. 把…送往 delivery：n.送货measurement：n.长度，高度 gap：n.缺口，差距forecast：n.预测，预报 settlement：正式协议penalty：n.惩罚，处罚 charge：n.费用，v.收费potential：adj.潜在的，可能的n.潜在性，可能性 grant：n.给予，准予patient：adj.有耐心的，忍耐的 patience：耐心，忍耐familiar：adj. 熟悉的 average：adj.平均的lack：n. v. 没有，不足，缺乏aggressive：n.好斗的，雄心勃勃的furthermore：adv. 而且，不仅如此however：然而，不过，但是sector：n. (尤指商业、贸易等的)部门，行业 accordion：n. 手风琴for instance：例如combination：组合，联合promotional：(电影、活动等)旨在推销(宣传)的combine：v. (使)组合 equally：adv. 相同的，相等的equalize：v. 使相等的 equality：n.平等segment：n. 部分 alternate：adj. 轮流，交替cable：n. 电缆，缆绳 forthcoming：adj. 即将，到来demonstrate：v. 证明，证实 flatter：v. 奉承，讨好，感到荣幸interest on…：…的利息，习惯用on pay for…：支付…的费用，用介词forpay in cash：in表示付款方式，以现金形式price…at：以…的价格，习惯用介词at cost of labour：劳动成本 as down payment：作为订金outstanding balance：剩余金额30 days net：净30天early settlement discount：提前付款折扣penalty charge：罚款currency：n.货币 paying-in slip：【英】(银行)存款单cash on delivery：货到付款 credit terms：信用期限，信用条件payee：n.收款人 deduct：v.减去，扣除 transaction：n.交易，事务counterfoil：n.存根 adviser：n. 顾问 interest：n.利息cashier：n.出纳 deposit：n.定金，首付dividend：n. 股息，红利 deductible：adj. 减去margin：n. 页边，空白 courier：n. (递送包裹或文件的)信徒logistic：n. 后勤;逻辑 custom duty：关税overdraft：n.透支额selling point：卖点environmental-friendliness：n. 对环境无害，有环保的特点user-friendliness：n.用户使用方便 kitchen appliances：厨房用具competitive advantage：竞争优势 diversify：vt. 多样化经营，增加产品种类haulage：n. 货运业，货运费 consignment：n. 托运的货物own-label clothing：贴(名牌超市)自己品牌的服装 saturate：vt. 使饱和supermarket chains：连锁超市 industry analyst：行业分析家cut-price：削价出售 retail food marker：食品零售市场mortgage：n.住房按揭，抵押 margin：n. 利差，赚头boost profit：提高利润 estate agent：房产商voucher：n.优惠，奖券 interest rate：利率incentive：n.刺激，鼓励 reputation：名誉、名望gradually：adv.逐渐的，逐步的 eventually：adv.终于、最终survey：n.调查、审视 combine：v.组合，综合outlet：n. 专卖店、分销店 fixed rate：固定利率banking on a Brand：bank on既可解释为“依赖…获利”，也含有“对…抱有信心”。
剑桥商务英语(初级)课件：BEC Unit11
New words & Expressions
high-heel shoes 高跟鞋 be clear of obstacles 没有障碍物 be kept clear 保持畅通 tie back one’s hair 把头发向后扎起来 protective mask 防护面具 white coat 白大褂 bend one’s knees [bend] 屈膝 workplace etiquette 工作场所行为规范
When 和while 的区别
When 通常指的是某一点时间 While 通常指的是动作发生的过程，
与during 相似。
பைடு நூலகம்
New words & Expressions
pregnant 怀孕的 Space Mission Stimulator 太空任务模拟器 heat exhaustion 中暑衰竭 dehydration 脱水 choke 窒息，哽住 aquarium 水族馆 dolphin 海豚 bruise 瘀伤
New words & Expressions
university campus 大学校园 suburban office park 郊区版公园区 Geneva [dʒi'ni:və] n 日内瓦(瑞士南部城市)
常与go的搭配有（go+v+ing）
go running 去跑步 go skiing 去滑雪 go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳 go hiking 去远足 go camping 去露营 go skating 去滑冰
New words & Expressions
fire exit 安全出口,紧急出口 clearly marked 清楚地标明 clock in 用打卡机记录上班时间 fire drill [dril] 消防训练,火灾避难训练 delete [di'li:t] vt 删除 get the sack 被解雇,被解职
11月商务英语初级口语词汇详解
xx年11月商务英语初级口语词汇详解(BUSINESS ENGLISH CERTIFICATE)，简称BEC，指的是剑桥商务英语资格考试。
是剑桥系列考试中专为学习者提供的国际商务英语资格证书考试。
以下是网的关于商务英语初级口语词汇详解，供大家备考。
1.built-in adj.内置的，嵌入的;必要的;固有的 n.内置【商务用语】a built-in escape clause 必要性的免责条款2.bulky adj.大的，笨重的【商务用语】a bulky cargo 体积庞大的货物bulky goods 笨重货物bulky product 笨重的商品bulky parcel 大体积包裹3.bundle n.捆扎装 vt.捆，束【商务用语】bundle carrier 禾捆积运器bundle loader 禾运装卸机4.burglar n.夜贼【相关词组】burglar alarm 防盗警报器5.buyout n.全部收买;全部买下(市上产品)【例句】If the workers do approve the buyout, their pany will bee the nation's largest employee-owned enterprise.6.cable n.电缆;海底电报【商务用语】cable address 电报挂号cable advice 电报通知【例句】We have already advised you by cable.我们已去电通知你方。
7.cafeteria n.自助餐厅【例句】This cafeteria serves good honest food.这家食堂供给的饭菜品质优良，价格公正。
8.cannibalize v.拆用配件;调补人员【例句】It bees necessary to cannibalize unsuessful projects to fund those which can proceed.当务之急是将不成功工程中的资金抽调出来以支持那些可行工程。
bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全
bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全bec的烤鸭们，今天你们记单词了吗？为了方便大家的备考，下面小编已经帮大家整理好了bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全，快来学习吧。
bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全1baguette：n. 法国棍子面包 bake：v.烘，烤 bakery：n. 烘烤食品 box：v. 把….装入箱子dough：n.(加好配料用于制作糕点、面包的)生面团ingredient：n. 成分prove：v.愿意是证明，这里表示面团发酵 oven：n.烤炉，烤箱 circuit：n. 环行路线 shelf-life：n. 货架期，保存期限 floorplan：n.楼层平面despatch：v. 发送 courier：n.信使 silo：n.简仓(存储粮食等散货的立式圆柱塔) electronic：adj.电子的mechanical：adj. 机器的，机械的 shape：n.形状 yeast：n. 酵母 additive：n.添加剂 sensor：n.传感器shutdown：n.(机器等的)停车 wrap：n. 披肩,围巾v.覆盖,包围,裹,包n. 包裹 vt. 包,裹bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全2reject：v.拒绝，退回snack：n.快餐食品，点心quantity：n.量，大量warehouse：n.仓库flavouring：n.调料crispness：n. 脆hygiene：n.点心oily：adj. 含油的，油腻的level：n.含量，数量demand：n & v. 要求，需求reject level：不合格产品数量cc=carbon copy 复本 sampling rate：抽检率 workforce：n. 劳动力职工总数质量管理类词组：Suppliers：供应商 factory hygiene：工厂卫生 Goods in：进货quantities：数量 quality：质量Transport packaging：运输包装production：生产cooking oil：食用油 flavouring：调料Size：尺寸大小 crispness：脆度 finished goods：成品 packetweigh ：袋重 packet seal：包装封口bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全3sector：n.行业broker：n.中介，经纪人commission：n.佣金insurer：n. 承保人，保险公司telesales：n.电话销售operative：n. 工人，技工 direct provider：直接供应商 supervisor：n.主管，监督competition：n.竞争vehicle：n. 车辆fingertip：n.手指尖risk：n.(保险业承保的)险premium：n.保险费 loan：贷款pension：n.养老金claim：n. (根据权利提出)要求，主张vt. 声称，需要 mortgage：n.抵押，v.抵押productivity：n.生产力earn：v. 获得bonuses：奖金，津贴less attractive than：不如…..有吸引力/魅力bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全4revolution：n.革命 monetary：adj. 金钱 redundancy：n.(因采用自动化等致劳动力过剩而造成的)裁员，解雇millennium bug：千年虫(现象) NSB：National Savings Bank(英国)国家储蓄银行 transaction：n.交易，买卖pre-tax return on capital：资本金税前回报率PIN：personal identification number 个人识别代码 statement：n.结算单，清单，声明current account：活期账户domestic：国内的，家庭的，n.家仆，佣人 sort code：分类号码 market trends：市场趋势 sector：n.部分 suffer：遭受，忍受 reduction：n.减少，缩小 merge：v.合并，消失merger：n. (企业等的)合并. v. (两个或以上公司)合并abbreviation：n. 缩写 cost-cutting：n. 降低成本。
剑桥商务英语词汇11
剑桥商务英语词汇11剑桥商务英语词汇11Goalpost n.门柱Prerequisite n.必须具备的⾷物；先决条件preconditionIncentive n.刺激；⿎励stimulusPassivity n.被动；消极；不抵抗passivenessResentful adj.充满愤恨的Compromise n.妥协，折衷Going rate 现⾏收费标准；现⾏⼀般价格Sell oneself short 卖空；低估；贱卖not recognize the true value of oneself Trade-off折衷，权衡compromise Dilemma n.进退两难Invariably adj.总是without exceptionRefresher n.补习Nominal adj.象征性的Jargon n.⾏话Dividend n.红利；股利Arise from 产⽣于On hand 在场presentConsortium n.财团an association of financiersRigour n.严格；严谨Credibility n.可信程度，可信性Pander v.迎合；奉迎；投其所好yield toIota n.极少量，⼀点a very small amountPrescriptive adj.规定的，指定的，Quantifiable adj.可以计量的Backlash n.强烈反应，对抗性反应Scrutiny n.细看，细查Arrive at 作出决定Drain n.消耗Honour your commitment 兑现承诺Cash flow 资⾦流转Be in a position to do sth.能够做某事In comparison with与。
⽐较On the stage处于。
时期Executive n.⾏政主管，领导Account for作出解释Dynamic adj.精⼒充沛的；有创新能⼒的Ambitious adj.有雄⼼的；有抱负的High-profile 显赫的，责任重⼤的Equipped to the latest standards of conference technology按照最先进的回忆技术标准装配会场Cater to one’s needs 满⾜。
剑桥商务英语完整笔记（词汇）
剑桥商务英语完整笔记（词汇）第一篇：剑桥商务英语完整笔记(词汇)《新编剑桥商务英语用书》-Vocabulary Unit 1a Job description frozen:：adj.冷冻的，冷藏的；pharmaceutical：adj.制药的；vaccine：n.疫苗，菌苗； authority：n.权利，行政管理机构；recruit：v.招收，招聘（新成员）output：n.产量；balance sheet：决算表，平衡表；short-list：被列入初选名单；packing：n.包装，包装材料； newsletter：n.（公司、学会等刊印的）业务通讯；qualified：adj.合格的，称职的； publicity：n.宣传、宣扬；court：n.（三面有房屋的）短街；work as an accountant 担任一名会计responsible for checking 负责检查companies’ account 公司账户 involve giving financial advice 涉及提供财务建议deal with questions/problem 处理问题give advice 提意见，劝告provide a service提供服务interview an applicant 面试申请者attend meetingkeep a recordorganize a conference 举办会议give a presentation发表演讲attend training session 参加培训keep a diary写日记 organize holidayUnit 1b Working conditions efficiently：adv.效率高的；bonus：n.奖金；performance：n.进行，施行；consult：v.咨询，请教； sales performance：销售情况；overtime：n.超时工作，加班；bread down：坏掉，损坏，出毛病；presentation：n.表现、呈现，描述；overall：n.工作服；regulation：n.章程，规则；due：预定的，约定的；term：n.条款，条件；commence：v.开始，着手；inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事line manager：部门经理in operation：工作中，生效，实施中arrange…..with：与（同）…一起协商安排consult sb.about sth：向谁请教，咨询，与….商量at the current overtime rate：按现行的加班工资标准workshop 讲习班，车间Unit 2a Company history joint venture：合资企业take over：接收，接管subsidiary：n.子公司roll off：驶离 globalization：全球化AG：agent general 总经理turnover：n.营业额，销售比率bn：n.& adj.十亿shareholder：股东stake：n.股份merchandise：n.商品，货物MNE：multinational enterprise：跨国企业brochure：n.小册子 a public limited company：一家上市有限公司Unit 2b Company activities total investment：总投资diagram：n.图标，示意图；van：n.带蓬小型货车，客货两用车 assembly plant：装配厂extract：n.摘录，选段grant：n。
剑桥商务英语Unit 11
Unit 11 (a) Arranging a conferenceI. Teaching Objectives:i. To enable Ss to talk about arranging a conferenceii. To practise reading and listening for specific informationiii. To review language for checking and confirmingiv. To practice writing a letter of confirmationII. Materials needed:Cassette-Pass Cambridge BEC PreliminaryCards- 7 Cards: one set of cards per pair / group to be photocopiedfrom T’s GuideIII. Teaching Process:i. Unit overview·An enquiryV ocabulary: Ss order cards showing how to arrange a conference.Listening 1: Ss listen to a telephone call about arranging amarketing conference and answer true/false questionsbefore filling in a form.Speaking: Ss discuss what the conference orgainser’s job involves.Reading: Ss scan advertisements about three conference venues for specific information.Speaking: Ss work in pairs and select a venue for the marketing conference.·Confirming arrangementsListening 2: Ss listen to a telephone call in which conference arrangements are checked and complete notes.Language focus: Ss review language for checking and confirminginformation.Speaking: Ss discuss a conference programme. (Activity sheet pages 126 and 130)Writing: Ss work in pairs to plan and then write a letter of confirmation.·Self-studyV ocabulary: Collocation exercise (conference verbs and nouns) .Gap-fill exercise (conference vocabulary) .Language focus: Question writing (linked to conference nouns) .Keyword exercise (conference) .Writing: Making the letter from the previous section more concise.Exam practice: Memo writing.ii. Detailed study of this unitStep 1 An enquiryWarmer: T introduces the subject of conferences and elicits briefly whether students have attended or organized conferences and their general opinion of them.Ex. 1 V ocabularyT hands out a set of cards to each pair of students to sort into the correct order for organising a conference. This vocabulary will be recycled in this step. We need to concern about the details of the conference which include choice of location, equipment needed, budget, date,duration, finalizing the programme details, invitation of delegates and asking for a quotation.Suggested answer:1.decide on the budget2.decide on the duration3.arrange a date4.choose a location5.invite the delegates6.finalise the programme detailsanize the equipment requiredEx. 2 Listening 1T sets the scene before playing the cassette. Students complete the true/false exercise.Notes:1.Europa Events: 欧罗巴会务服务公司2.Amtech: 美国公司, 从事超声波金属焊接设备的制作,在世界各地设有销售和服务机构3.…make a written proposal: 写一份书面提案Ex. 3 Listening 1Ss listen again and complete the form. Ss check answers in pairs before class feedback.Ex. 4 SpeakingSs draw up a list of what they think Rachel’s job involves. T then asks them if they would like to do such a job.Useful expressions:1.answering calls about arrangement of conferences2.asking for the details of the conference which include venue,date, duration, price, number of delegates, equipment,catering, etc.3.offering quotation4.checking or confirming information on the phone or in a writtenformEx. 5 ReadingBefore Ss read the proposals, T elicits the type of information Ss would need for deciding on a venue for a conference ( price? Near the centre/airport? Attractive location? Modern or old-style charm? etc. ) Ss then read the three descriptions and complete the scanning exercise. T points out that the answers may include more than one hotel.Note: 1. within walking distance: 数步之遥Suggested answer:1.The Plaza and The Grand Hotel2.The Grand Hotel and the Karoliny Conference Centre3.The Plaza4.The Grand Hotel5.The Karoliny Conference Centre6.The Plaza and The Karoliny Conference Centre7.The Karoliny Conference CentreEx. 6 SpeakingSs work out which hotel would be cheapest for Daniel’s conference. They then decide if any other considerations would outweigh this factor. For instance, location/ venue, distance from the centre/airport, setting, modern or old-style charm.Step 2 Confirming arrangementsEx. 1 Listening 2Before the listening exercise, T asks Ss to read through Rachel’s notes and checks Ss know what type of information they are listening for. Then T replays the cassette for Ss and focuses on language for checking before referring Ss to the Don’t forget! section.Note: 1. Sure, go ahead. 对, 接着说。
新编剑桥商务英语高级第三版 第11.2+11.3
11.2 Effective writingWritingLearning TipFor written business communication to be effective there are three important things to remember:.be organised.be to the point.be appropriateWritten business communication1 Read the Learning Tip then look at these three short extracts.Each one succeeds in two of the important ways to be effective but failsin the other. Identify the weakness of each one.ADear Mr SongI’m writing this for Professor Olsen,who’s away on sabbatical at the moment.He’s asked me to thank you for your offer of an honorary dotorate at Seoul University.He says that he is sorry but he’ll have to say no this time because his diary is so full of other commitments.Please don’t takethis the wrong way.It’s not a reflection on what he thinks of your university.It is just that---B. THe purpose of this report is to set out the finding of finance committee into potential overseas investments and make recommendations accordingly.. THe investments we recommend most strongly are in the mining industry in the fast-growing economy of Namibia.The reason foe this is that the government of Namblia has recognised the opportunities for development and invested large sums in the country’s infrastructure.The scope of our research was worldwide,although we tended to look more closely at emerging countries and markets,since our brief was to look for industries with a high and fast return.The only dyawbacks of this potential investment are uncertainties inherent in the industry itself---CIn response to a request from the managing director to find ways of improving communications without the organization,we have prepared the following proposal..Our first meeting with the managing director was in Jone.During this meeting,we were asked to analyse the current situationg,in which communications were not working as effectively as they should,and to present ideas for a better exchange of information between departments and individuals.Since not all members of the project team could be present.Our analysis involed evaluating the current situation:monitoring the work of several closely-linked departments and seeing how they communicated with eachother---2 Work in groups of three.Each choose one of the passagesto rewrite,correcting its weakness.3 Exchange your rewriten passages and compare.WRITINGA delicate letter4 Answer the questions below,using this table as a guide.Effective writingHow to be organised Plan your writing,dividing it into clearsections/paragraphs and considering whatemphasis to give to each part.How to be to point Think of the most economical way to saywhat you want and then put it into anappropriate form.How to be appropriate Consider your relationship to thereader(formal of informal).Always bepolite.Only make claims you can supportwith examples.5 Write a brief plan for the following letter.You have been employing a consultant to help you improve your Marketing.She has been working with you for two months but up to now had told you nothing that you did not know already.You have decided to terminate the contract with her(she will be paid for the work done so far).Write to her to explain.6 Write as simply and directly as possible the reason for terminating her contract.Then put this statement into more diplomatic language.7 Look at the following beginning to the letter and put it into a more appropriate style. Dear Madam,It is two months since you were first commissioned to provide us with marketing assiatance.Reaad the following claim and give an example to support it.The advice you gave us in your first report was straight froma marketing textbook.8 Plan and write the letter for the following situation.You work as sales manager for a company which makes labels and signs.Two months ago you agreed a lucrative contract with a garden centre to make After delivering the first batch of 20,000labels,you received a complaint that thk on the labels was t waterproof.The customer now wants to cancel the contract and to be refunded for the labels already paid for.You would like to sescue the contract and to limit the loss on the 20,000labels which you have already supplied.11.3 Speaking Test: Part twoEXAM FORMATPart two of the Speaking Text consists of a one-minute presentation by each candiate followed by a discussion.It last about six minutes in total.The presentations are based on a choice of three topics given to you by the examiner,each requiring a different level of business knowledge or experience-from general to experienced.You have one minute yo make notes and prepare your presentation.This part of the exam tests your ability yo organise your ideas anf present them as if in a business meeting. APPROACHEXAM SUCCESSAminute is only long enough to make two or three key points,so don’t worry about not having much yo say.Follow these steps..Read the three topics carefully anf quickly decied the one ou would like to talk about. .Note down two or three key arguments(you will not have time to develop more than this)..Give your presentation a clear introduction and ending.Paragrase the question on your prompt card to introduce the subject(see below).. At the end invite your partner to comment on what you have said.. Listen carefully to your partner’s presentation and be ready to comment on it.KEY SKILLOrganising your thoughts1 Look at the topic and the example notes below.Relocating your company offices:the impotant factors to consider.Key points:.business reasons:how will it improve the business?.the costs invoved.what impact will it on employees?2 Now do the same for the following topics,making brief notes on each one.1 International communication:the importance in business of learning at least a few words of another language.2 Effective presentations:how too involve your audiance when giving a presentation.3 Leadership:why good communication skills are an essential quality for a business leader.3 Compare notes with your partner.EXAM PRACTICE4 Choose one of thee topics below and speak about it for a minute.Look at the useful phrases thathelp your to organise your presentation.Customer relation:the importance of listening carefully to what customers are saying. Communication skills:giving the right impression at a job interview.Giving a mini-presentationSo why should we---I think there are three important points here.Firstly,---Secondly,---,And finally,---I’d like to say a few words about---Of course,it’s important to---But on the other hand,---There is also the question of---I think I’ve covered the main points---Those are my views on it---What do you think---?Do you agree---?Yes.There’s just one points I’d like to add---I agree with you.I think---I;d just like to pick up on one thing you said.I’m not sure I understood what you said about---5 Follow up by asking each other the following examiner’s questions.Customer relations1 A lot of companies say ther listen to their customers.Do you think they really do?2 Which companies in your experience practise good customer relations ?3 Do you think technology has helped customer relations or not?Communication skills1 Were you ever prepared at school or college for job interview?Do you think such preparetion would help?2 Apart from an interview what other techniques are used to evaluate job candiates?Do they think?。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
剑桥商务英语词汇11Goalpost n.门柱Prerequisite n.必须具备的食物；先决条件preconditionIncentive n.刺激；鼓励stimulusPassivity n.被动；消极；不抵抗passivenessResentful adj.充满愤恨的Compromise n.妥协，折衷Going rate 现行收费标准；现行一般价格Sell oneself short 卖空；低估；贱卖not recognize the true value of oneself Trade-off折衷，权衡compromiseDilemma n.进退两难Invariably adj.总是without exceptionRefresher n.补习Nominal adj.象征性的Jargon n.行话Dividend n.红利；股利Arise from 产生于On hand 在场presentConsortium n.财团an association of financiersRigour n.严格；严谨Credibility n.可信程度，可信性Pander v.迎合；奉迎；投其所好yield toIota n.极少量，一点a very small amountPrescriptive adj.规定的，指定的，Quantifiable adj.可以计量的Backlash n.强烈反应，对抗性反应Scrutiny n.细看，细查Arrive at 作出决定Drain n.消耗Honour your commitment 兑现承诺Cash flow 资金流转Be in a position to do sth.能够做某事In comparison with与。
比较On the stage处于。
时期Executive n.行政主管，领导Account for作出解释Dynamic adj.精力充沛的；有创新能力的Ambitious adj.有雄心的；有抱负的High-profile 显赫的，责任重大的Equipped to the latest standards of conference technology按照最先进的回忆技术标准装配会场Cater to one’s needs 满足。
需要Staff is well-trained, highly professional, and available 24 hours a day.职员训练有素，业务精湛，提供二十四小时服务。
The main reason for us to do so was that…我们这样做的主要原因是。
Needless to say…不用说I do hope you address this matter as top priority.期望你们务必解决这一问题。
Our market share in this sector has slightly fallen.我们在这个行业里的市场份额稍有下降。
We strongly recommend that…我们强烈建议。
Installment n.分期付款；分期收款Grant n.基金的赠予Overdue adj.延误的Bottleneck n.薄弱环节，瓶颈Chaotic adj.混乱无序的Trundle v. 滚动或者转动着移动Stuck adj.进退维谷的Downside n.不利方面a disadvantageous aspectOut of one’s depth=beyond one’s ability超出自己的能力；理解不了的Panic adj.感到恐慌的Niche market 瞄准机会的市场Get one’s teeth into积极地参与其中；牢牢地抓住A．人事管理：积极性高的职员对公司的重要性B．P ersonnel management: the importance to a company of having well-motivated staff First and foremost, having well-motivated staff ensures better productivity. When an employee is highly motivated, there should be nothing to prevent him from devoting himself to the job. He will be very proactive to his responsibilities. This will significantly reduce wasted time and effort, which in turn can enhance productivity and overall performance. There is another point, which is often neglected, and I would like to mention it here. A well-motivated staff will show greater loyalty and commitment to the company since a high level of motivation usually is a result of satisfaction with the job and the firm. Company loyalty in turn will greatly reduce turnover level and help retain the best brain needed by the firm. Finally, if everyone is very motivated at work, staff morale in the firm will also be boosted. Just imagine if everyone around you is so driven and enthusiastic, how can you possibly be immune to that atmosphere? We are most likely to make the most of our talents and achieve our personal best in such an environment. That’s all. Thank you.C．战略规划：如何决定是购买还是租用公司场所D．Strategic planning: how to decide whether to purchase or rent company premisesFirst of all, we should make sure that we check the financial situation of our company before we decide whether to purchase or to rent company remises. As we all know we will have to spend much more money in purchasing premises than renting them. Therefore, we should check our company’s financial situation to see whether we now have enough money to purchase premises. Any ignorance of current financial situation will break company’s cash flow or even undermine the company’s normal production. Secondly, we should ask ourselves the aim that makes us purchase or rent premises. Do we want to set up ourheadquarters for a long-term investigation which will definitely need us to purchase buildings or just build a branch for a short-term project which requires only some rented houses? After all these careful studies we can finally make our decision.E．销售：怎样保证对新产品进行恰当定价F．Sales: how to ensure that price levels for new products are set appropriatelyFirst, we should consider the cost of our new products before we put them into the market. The price level we should set at least includes all the cost and investment and makes us gain some margins. Second, we should carry out an investigation or market research in the target market to see what price level can be accepted by our potential customers. We will also have to study the consumers’ habits and the popularity of our new products in the target market. Only through these comprehensive investigations can we ensure the appropriate price levels of our new products.A.You know, our company is considering providing a fitness centre on the premises to helpemployees improve their health and fitness. What benefits do you think the fitness centre can bring for our company?B.The fitness centre can provide facilities for the staff to exercise. We all know that properphysical exercise is good for health. It helps burn calories and discharge acidic wastes. It also tones muscles and helps build a lean and muscular body. Through exercise, many people lose weight and improve their health. Also, through exercises, we are feeling strong and well. We feel happy and ready for anything. We may enjoy our work and life.C.Yes, I totally agree with you. Through exercises the staff can keep healthy and relax fromthe tension of work. In this way, they can improve the working efficiency and do more work for our company. Therefore, the company will gain more profits.D.Tha t’s true. And I also believe that the fitness centre will simulate the staff’s enthusiasmfor both work and life. The staff will become more faithful to the company since they will be aware that the company has been treating them well.E.Exactly. Then how to promote the need for health and fitness to all staff?F.In my opinion, in order to promote the need for health and fitness to all staff, lecturesshould be given by some experts invited to make the staff conscious of the importance of the exercises to health, and the importance of health to life and work. The experts’ talk must be convincing enough to make it possible for the staff to accept the idea of exercises.G.Yes, this idea sounds effective. Moreover, I think our company had better invite someprofessional coaches to guide the staff in a proper way of exercising and building or shapes. After all, professional coaches know very well how to help people develop interests in exercise. And the proper ways of exercising seem to be effective to improve the health of the staff.H.Good idea!。