单片机专业英语翻译

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单片机常用术语

单片机常用术语

单片机常用术语单片机(Microcontroller)是一种集成了微处理器、存储器和外设接口的单个集成电路芯片。

它广泛应用于电子设备中,用于控制和执行各种任务。

在单片机领域,有一些常用术语被广泛使用,下面将对这些术语进行介绍和解释。

1. GPIO(General Purpose Input/Output)GPIO是单片机中的通用输入输出引脚。

它可以通过软件编程来控制,既可以作为输入口用来读取外部信号,也可以作为输出口用来控制外部设备。

通过控制GPIO,可以实现单片机与外部世界的交互。

2. ADC(Analog to Digital Converter)ADC是模数转换器的英文缩写,用于将模拟信号转换为数字信号。

单片机一般配备有ADC模块,可以将外部的模拟量信号转换成相应的数字量,以供后续的数字处理和分析。

3. UART(Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)UART是一种通用的异步串行通信接口。

它用于实现单片机和外部设备之间的数据传输。

UART通过将数据位、停止位和校验位按照一定的规则进行组织,以实现数据的可靠传输。

4. PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)PWM是一种脉冲宽度调制技术。

它通过改变信号的脉冲宽度来控制某个输出端口的电平。

PWM常用于控制电机的速度、LED的亮度等应用场景,可以通过调整占空比来实现精细的控制效果。

5. I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit)I2C是一种串行通信总线协议,由Philips公司在上世纪80年代推出。

它通过两根线路(串行数据线SDA和串行时钟线SCL)来实现多个设备之间的通信。

I2C常用于连接单片机和传感器、存储器等外设。

6. SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface)SPI是一种串行的外设接口协议,用于在单片机和外部设备之间传输数据。

它使用多线全双工模式,包括一个主设备和一个或多个从设备。

单片机专业术语英汉互译文本

单片机专业术语英汉互译文本

单片机专业术语英汉互译文本单片机是一种微型计算机,广泛应用于嵌入式系统和物联网领域。

在单片机的开发和应用中,涉及到大量的专业术语,下面是一些常用的英汉互译文本。

1. Microcontroller - 单片机2. Microprocessor - 微处理器3. Firmware - 固件4. Hardware - 硬件5. Embedded system - 嵌入式系统6. Interrupt - 中断7. Timer - 定时器9. Counter - 计数器10. Analog to digital converter (ADC) - 模数转换器11. Digital to analog converter (DAC) - 数模转换器12. Input/output (I/O) - 输入输出13. Port - 端口14. Pin - 引脚15. Memory - 存储器16. Flash memory - 闪存17. Random access memory (RAM) - 随机存取存储器18. Read only memory (ROM) - 只读存储器19. Electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) - 可擦写可编程只读存储器21. Universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) - 通用异步收发器22. Inter-integrated circuit (I2C) - 串行总线23. Serial peripheral interface (SPI) - 串行外设接口24. Pulse width modulation (PWM) - 脉宽调制25. Direct memory access (DMA) - 直接内存存取26. Debugging - 调试27. In-circuit debugging (ICD) - 端口调试28. Debugger - 调试器29. Integrated development environment (IDE) - 集成开发环境30. Bootloader - 引导程序32. System on chip (SoC) - 系统芯片33. Low power consumption - 低功耗34. Power management unit (PMU) - 电源管理单元35. Crystal oscillator - 晶振36. Clock cycle - 时钟周期37. Bit - 位38. Byte - 字节39. Word - 字40. Assembly language - 汇编语言41. C programming language - C语言42. High level language - 高级语言44. Integrated circuit (IC) - 集成电路45. Field programmable gate array (FPGA) - 现场可编程门阵列46. Printed circuit board (PCB) - 印制电路板47. Soldering - 焊接48. Surface mount technology (SMT) - 表面贴装技术49. Through-hole technology (THT) - 通孔技术。

单片机常用英语词汇

单片机常用英语词汇

单片机常用英语单词中文名称; 英文名称; ;简记术语单片机; Single Chip Micocomputer or MicoControler Unit ;SCM or MCU在线烧录(往芯片写入程序);In System Programming ; ISP在线仿真;In Circuit Enulator ;ICE复位;reset ;RST编程选通使能端;Program Strobe Enable ; PSEN看门狗;WatchDog数据指针寄存器;Data Pointer Register; DP特殊用途寄存器;Special Purpose Register; SPRPSW寄存器 ; PassWord Register; PSW奇偶校检位P位; ParityBit 溢出位OV位; Overflow寄存器组选择位; Register Select; RS(0/1)进位校检位 ;堆栈指针; StackPointer; SP堆栈;stanck推入;push弹出;popIE中断寄存器;Interrupt Register ; IE溢出中断;Overflow Interrupt计(时)数器;Timer计数器高位;TimerHigh Bit ;TH计数器低位; TimerLow Bit ;TL计数器模式控制寄存器; Timer Model Control Register;TMOD计数器控制寄存器; Timer Model Control Register;TCON串行端口控制寄存器 ; Serial Control Regiter ; SCON 串行模式控制寄存器; Serial Model Control Register;SMOD开始位;Start Bit 结束位;Stop Bit 字节数据高位 ;MSB 字节数据低位; LSB传输控制寄存器; Pass Control Register; PCON停止运行设置位; Power Down Bit; PD位闲置模式设置位; Idel Model Set Bit; IDL位辅助寄存器; AUXR闲置模式下看门狗控制位; Watchdog idle model control bit;WDIDLE看门狗复位; Watchdog reset中断服务程序; Interruput Service Routine宏; macro寄存器组; Register Bank中断优先级寄存器; Interrupt Register波特率; Baud Rate中断向量; interrupt vector数据校检; Data Polling计数器溢出; TimeroverFlow ; TF串行时钟信号;Serial Clock singal; SCK看门狗重置寄存器; WatchdogTimer Reset SFR; WDTRST SFR ;UART移位寄存器锁存器串行锁存器 ;SBUF堆栈随机存储器 ; Stanck RAM ;SRAM脉宽;Purse Width Model ;PWM应用中编程 ; In Application Programing ;IAP数据总线DB模拟/数字信号转换;A/D个人计算机;PC读写控制线;CB总线;BUS晶体振荡器频率;fosc 机器周期;MC状态周期; S 拍;P输入/输出;I/O电源正极;VCC 电源负极;VSS /GND 外加电源;VPD插座;JP主器件发送-从器件接收数据口;MOSI()主器件接收-从器件发送数据口;MOSO()IT0/T1 串行输入口;RXO 串行输出口;TXD累加器;ACC程序状态字;PSW紫外线擦除存储器;EPROM只读存储器;ROM随机存储器;RAM 可编程控制器;PROM 电擦除存储器;EEPROM 门控位;GATE串行数据线;SDA串行时钟线;SCL IC器件间;I2C1.microcontroller 微控制器2.microprocessor 微处理器3.integrated circuit 集成电路4.processor core 内核5.peripheral 外围设备6.chip 芯片7.embedded application/system 嵌入式应用/系统8.Mixed signal 复合信号9.analog 模拟ponent 元件;组成11.power consumption 功耗、能耗12.interrupt 中断13.external 外部的14.internal 内部的15.package 封装16.flash memory 闪存17.semiconductor 半导体18.interrupt service routine (ISR) 中断例程19.overflow 溢出20.hardware 硬件21.software 软件22.interface 接口23.general purpose input/output (GPIO) 通用输入/输出24.sensor 传感器25.analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 模数转换器26.timer 计时器、定时器27.register 寄存器28.Serial Interface (SI) 串行接口29.Parallel Interface (PI) 并行接口30.bus 总线 网络32.circuit 电路33.Central Processing Unit (CPU) 中央处理器34.discrete 分立元件;离散的35.clock generator 时钟发生器36.crystal oscillator 晶振piler 编译器38.simulator 模拟器,仿真器39.Interrupt latency 中断延迟40.buffer 缓冲器41.interrupt nesting 中断嵌套42.priority level 优先级43.accumulator 累加器44.synchronous 同步的45.asynchronous 异步的46.shift register 移位寄存器47.configuration 配置48.clock frequency 时钟频率49.Integrated Development Environment (IDE) 集成开发环境50.executable 可执行的51.instruction 指令,用法说明52.built-in 内置,嵌入的53.reset 复位54.bootstrap loader 引导程序parator 比较器56.in-circuit debugging 仿真调试57.interrupt resource 中断源58.instruction set 指令集59.addressing mode 寻址方式60.division 除法61.multiplication 乘法62.subtraction 减法63.addition 加法64.Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) 精简指令集65.encode 编码,编码器66.decode 译码,解码67.operand 操作数,运算对象68.load 加载69.mainframe 主机70.offset 偏移量71.parameter 参数,系数72.immediate addressing 立即寻址73.direct addressing 直接寻址74.register addressing 寄存器寻址75.register indirect addressing 寄存器间接寻址76.indexed addressing 变址寻址77.relative addressing 相对寻址78.decrement (DEC) 渐减79.increment (INC) 渐加80.binary 二进制81.octal system 八进制82.decimal 十进制83.hexadecimal 十六进制84.Exclusive-or (XOR) 逻辑异或85.XNOR 逻辑同或86.rotate 循环plement 补集,补码88.Boolean 布尔89.subroutine 子程序90.branch 分支bel 标号92.input 输入93.output 输出94.array 数组,阵列tch 锁存器96.low-order 低位97.high-order 高位98.peripheral device 外围设备99.low end 低端100.high end 高端101.low power 低功耗102.high power 大功率103.integrated circuit (IC) 集成电路104.oscilloscope 示波器105.Least Significant Bit (LSB) 最低有效位106.Most Significant Bit (MSB) 最高有效位107.active high 高电位有效108.active low 低电位有效109.capacitor 电容110.resistor 电阻111.inductor 电感112.variable resistor 可变电阻113.full-duplex 全双工114.half-duplex 半双工115.on-chip 片上116.off-chip 片外117.Variance 方差。

单片机英文文献资料及翻译

单片机英文文献资料及翻译

单片机英文文献资料及翻译单片机(英文:Microcontroller)Microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit that contains a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications.A microcontroller's processor core is typically a small, low-power computer dedicated to controlling the operation of the device in which it is embedded. It is often designed to provide efficient and reliable control of simple and repetitive tasks, such as switching on and off lights, or monitoring temperature or pressure sensors.MEMORYMicrocontrollers typically have a limited amount of memory, divided into program memory and data memory. The program memory is where the software that controls the device is stored, and is often a type of Read-Only Memory (ROM). The data memory, on the other hand, is used to store data that is used by the program, and is often volatile, meaning that it loses its contents when power is removed.INPUT/OUTPUTMicrocontrollers typically have a number of programmable input/output (I/O) pins that can be used to interface with external sensors, switches, actuators, and other devices. These pins can be programmed to perform specific functions,such as reading a sensor value, controlling a motor, or generating a signal. Many microcontrollers also support communication protocols like serial, parallel, and USB, allowing them to interface with other devices, including other microcontrollers, computers, and smartphones.APPLICATIONSMicrocontrollers are widely used in a variety of applications, including:- Home automation systems- Automotive electronics- Medical devices- Industrial control systems- Consumer electronics- RoboticsCONCLUSIONIn conclusion, microcontrollers are powerful and versatile devices that have become an essential component in many embedded systems. With their small size, low power consumption, and high level of integration, microcontrollers offer an effective and cost-efficient solution for controlling a wide range of devices and applications.。

单片机缩写的英文全称及中文名称

单片机缩写的英文全称及中文名称

单片机缩写的英文全称及中文名称单片机缩写的英文全称是Microcontroller,中文名称是微控制器。

一、引言单片机(Microcontroller)是一种集成电路芯片,能够实现计算、处理和控制功能。

它由微处理器核心、存储器、输入输出接口等多种电子元件组成,广泛应用于各种电子产品中。

在单片机的缩写中,“Micro”表示微型或微小,“controller”表示控制器。

本文将介绍单片机的英文全称及中文名称,并解释其在电子领域中的重要性。

二、单片机的英文全称及简介单片机的英文全称是Microcontroller,简称MCU。

它是一种在单个芯片上集成了微处理器核心和各种外围设备,如存储器、定时器、模拟输入输出接口等的集成电路。

单片机主要用于控制和处理各种电子设备,包括个人电脑、手机、汽车电子、家用电器等。

三、单片机的中文名称及优势单片机的中文名称是微控制器。

与传统的微处理器相比,单片机具有体积小、功耗低、成本低等优势。

由于其整合了多种外围设备,单片机可以实现复杂的控制和计算功能,极大地简化了电子产品的设计和制造过程。

单片机还具备易于编程与编译、易于调试的特点,使得开发人员可以更快速、更高效地完成各种应用。

四、单片机的应用领域单片机广泛应用于各种电子产品中,以下是几个主要的应用领域:1. 汽车电子:单片机在汽车电子中扮演着重要的角色,可以实现引擎控制、车身控制、安全控制等功能,提高了汽车的性能和安全性。

2. 家用电器:单片机被应用于各种家电产品,如空调、洗衣机、电视等。

它能够实现多种功能,提供更高的智能化和人性化体验。

3. 工业控制:单片机在工业自动化领域中得到广泛应用。

它可以实现对机械设备、生产线等的监控和控制,提高了生产效率和质量。

4. 通信设备:单片机在通信领域中扮演重要角色,如手机、电子支付终端等。

它可以实现数据处理、通信协议支持等功能,保证了通信设备的正常运行。

五、单片机的发展趋势随着科技的不断发展,单片机在未来将继续迎来更大的发展空间。

单片机英语单词翻译

单片机英语单词翻译
仿真插座 (Emulator socket )
单步运行 (Step)、
在线仿真功能 (On-line emulator function)
跟踪运行 (Trace)
在线仿真器 (In Circuit Emulator,简称ICE)
中断允许寄存器 (IE,Interrupt Enable)
中断优先权寄存器 (Interrupt Priority)
交通指挥灯 traffic light
倒计时 countdown
片内 RAM on-chip Data RAM
单片机英语单词
单片机英语单词单片机英语单词
单片机英语单词
Ch1 Hardware System of Single Chip Microcomputer
PC (Personal Computer)
机中央处理单元(CPU,Central Processing Unit)
计数器 (counter) 定时器 (Timer)
定时器工作方式寄存器 (TMOD,Timer mode)
定时器控制寄存器 (TCON,Timer control)
启动定时器 (TR,Timer Run)
定时器满标志位 (TF,Time Full)
仿真器 (emulator)
工具软件 (facility and software)
电源 ( power supply)
通信电缆 (Communication Cable)
运行 (Execute)、
Ch6 The Expanded Systห้องสมุดไป่ตู้m of Single Chip Microcomputer

专业词汇翻译

专业词汇翻译

A安全技术:secure/security technologyB摆动:swing板框式:plank, acrylon(?)包装机:packing machine, package machine保险机构:safety and arming devices爆炸威力:explosion power爆破:blow up, blowup, blasting爆破拆除(建筑物):blasting demolition, demolition blastingC柴油机:diesel超声波:ultrasonic, ultrasound, supersonic称重(称量):weight(ing)测试台:testing stand, test bed, test device测量仪:measur* instrument*, survey冲压模具:stamping dies, sheet metal尺寸链:dimension(al) chainD打包机:baling presser, packing, package, packeties compactor 带式输送机:belt conveyor(er)弹道:trajectory, ballistic弹道导弹:ballistic missile弹药:ammunition, cartridge弹体:bomb shell, projectile, body单片机:single chip (computer), single-board computer,single microcomputer, SMC刀具磨损:wear(机械), erosion(电), tool* wear*刀架:cutter ladder, tool holder, turret, knife rest导引规律:guide(ance, ing) law, navigation law, steering law 电磁振动:electromagnetic vibration动平衡:dynamic balance(ing)动画:animate(tion, ed)多边界:multi-boundary(ies)多功能:multi-function对刀仪:feeler instrument, tool-setter, adjusting tool setter, checking of tool, tool check*E颚式破碎机:jaw crusher, jaw type-crusher, crusher,crushing breaker machineF阀门:valve仿真:simulat*飞锯:track saw封切(口)机:seal, sealing风扇:fan*G攻丝机:tapping tools刮板输送机:flight bar conveyor, scraper conveyor, AFC高炉:blast furnace (top)惯性:inertial给料机:feeder改造:reconstruction, redevelopment, innovation, reforming公差:tolerance工装:tooling, uniform工具箱:toolbox, toolkit, kit*过滤机:filter(ing), filter* machine*故障检测仪:fault-shoot instrument,fault detect*, fault diagnosis H航空弹:aeronautic bomb, aircraft bomb, aerial bomb换刀:tool-chang, exchanging tool, changing cutter缓冲装置:recoil device活塞:piston后坐(力):recoil forceIJ静电除尘器:electrostatic precipitator, dust collector静爆:explosive loading, static explosion搅拌器:mixer,blending machine,mixing machine,impeller家用:household, home appliances (use)舰载:shipbon(e), warship, shipboard, shipbased舰艇:warship, naval vessel, vessel建模:modelingK可移动智能:mobile agent空气压缩机:air compressor课程设计:course design, course exercise, curriculum designL榴弹:shrapnel, rifle grenade, projectile, howitzer榴弹炮:towed howitzer, howitzer流延:cast,casting,tape casting, tape-casting, flow casting六自由度:6 DOF/6-DOF, six DOF, six-degree of freedom龙门移动式镗铣:gantry-moving type milling machining center覆带:crawler,caterpillar连接器:connector,couplingM毛胚:semiproduct磨料水射流(加工、切削):abrasive waterjet cutting, water-jet,water jeting, AWJ磨边(边缘修复):edge completion, edge machin*, edging machineN纳米材料:nanomaterial(s),nanometer material(s)内卡:inside clip, inside cramp耐用度:wear-resisting, tool life, enduranceOP炮射导弹:gun-boosted missile, artillery missile, guide missile, gun launched missilePLC:program* logic Controller喷气式飞机:jet* plane*迫击炮弹:mortar projectile, mortar shell, mortar bomb, mortar bullet Q气动予:aerodynamics spear, pneumatic, tunnel(?)汽缸盖:cylinder head, cylinder cover前桥(汽车):front axle切削量:metal removal, stock removal, cutting parameters , cutting output R燃料(液体)空气爆炸:FAE, fuel air explosive热镦:upsetting热收缩:heat contraction,shrinkage by heat,heat shrinkage,thermal contractionS缩径:sinking bulging, sinking水轮机叶片:turbine, blade(s)数控车床:NC lathe上、下料:charg, cutting(s) stock, stock-cutting手爪:gripper手腕:wrist手臂:arm伸缩机构:extension section, stretch-shrink伺服系统:servo system, servo声磁:acoustic-magnetic双金属:bimetallicT钛合金紧固件:titanium alloy fasteners凸轮机构:cam mechanismUVW网络电话:network phone, network telephone, internet phone, phone, telephone无线:wireless挖掘机:excavatorX铣头:milling head, milling tool现状:present situation, current, present, current situation悬浮:suspension, suspended小口径弹:small caliber, small caliber apds, apds虚拟样机:VP, virtual prototype(ing, s)虚拟现实技术:virtual reality technology (techniques), VRTY研磨机:lapping machine, mill液压系统:hydraulic System液压启闭机:hydraulic open-close machine, headstock gear, hoist hydraulic hoist(er),引信:fuse, fuze, fuzing, detonator圆锥破碎机:cone crusher硬支承:rigid support, hard bearing曳引机构:traction永磁电动机:PM motor, permanent-magnet motor压滤机:filter press油水分离:oil-water/separate*, oil/water separate*, purifier鱼雷:torpedo(ing)Z治理:govern, harness (measures), governance智能雷:smart mine, anti helicopter, intelligent mine(s) 自炸:self-destruction, destruction, self-explosion制导:guid(ing, ance, ed)转塔:rotation tower, turret转向节:knuckle.(s), steering knuckle.。

单片机英文缩写的中翻译

单片机英文缩写的中翻译

PC = progammer counter //程序计数器ACC = accumulate //累加器PSW = progammer status word //程序状态字SP = stack point //堆栈指针DPTR = data point register //数据指针寄存器IP = interrupt priority //中断优先级IE = interrupt enable // 中断使能TMOD = timer mode //定时器方式(定时器/计数器控制寄存器)ALE = alter (变更,可能是)PSEN = progammer saving enable //程序存储器使能(选择外部程序存储器的意思) EA = enable all(允许所有中断)完整应该是enable all interruptPROG = progamme (程序)SFR = special funtion register //特殊功能寄存器TCON = timer control //定时器控制PCON = power control //电源控制MSB = most significant bit//最高有效位LSB = last significant bit//最低有效位CY = carry //进位(标志)AC = assistant carry //辅助进位OV = overflow //溢出ORG = originally //起始来源DB = define byte //字节定义EQU = equal //等于DW = define word //字定义E = enable //使能OE = output enable //输出使能RD = read //读WR = write //写中断部分:INT0 = interrupt 0 //中断0INT1 = interrupt 1//中断1T0 = timer 0 //定时器0T1 = timer 1 //定时器1TF1 = timer1 flag //定时器1 标志(其实是定时器1中断标志位)IE1 = interrupt exterior //(外部中断请求,可能是)IT1 = interrupt touch //(外部中断触发方式,可能是)ES = enable serial //串行使能ET = enable timer //定时器使能EX = enable exterior //外部使能(中断)PX = priority exterior //外部中断优先级PT = priority timer //定时器优先级PS = priority serial //串口优先级XTAL:External Crystal Oscillator,外部晶体振荡器CLKOUT:Clock out,时钟输出BUSWDITH:总线宽度Vref:参考电压(带ADC的单片机中有的)RESET:复位,重启ACH:??HSO:High Speed Output,高速输出HSI:High Speed Input:高速输入INST:Instruction,指令READY:就绪,总线中的就绪信号或引脚NMI:No Mask Interruput (Input):不可屏蔽的中断请求(输入)RXD:Receive Data ,接收串行数据,单片机中有UART/USART功能的串行数据输入引脚TXD:Transmit Data,发送串行数据,单片机中有UART/USART功能的串行数据输出引脚EA:External Address Enable,外部存储器地址允许,针对51单片机而言//这个应该是EA拨RD:ReaD,存储器的读信号WR:WRite,存储器的写信号BHE:Bank High Enable:存储器的高位允许,如在80286系统中RAM的组织为16位的,分为高8位和低8位数据,分别的控制信号为BHE和BLEALE:Address Latch Enable,地址信号锁定允许,这在早期Intel总线结构中是必不可少的信号,常和锁存器使用来分离地址/数据复用端口的地址和数据信。

单片机类_中英文翻译

单片机类_中英文翻译

单片机介绍单片机也被称为微控制器(Microcontroller Unit),常用英文字母的缩写MCU表示单片机,它最早是被用在工业控制领域。

单片机由芯片内仅有CPU的专用处理器发展而来。

最早的设计理念是通过将大量外围设备和CPU集成在一个芯片中,使计算机系统更小,更容易集成进复杂的而对体积要求严格的控制设备当中。

INTEL的Z80是最早按照这种思想设计出的处理器,从此以后,单片机和专用处理器的发展便分道扬镳。

早期的单片机都是8位或4位的。

其中最成功的是INTEL的8031,因为简单可靠而性能不错获得了很大的好评。

此后在8031上发展出了MCS51系列单片机系统。

基于这一系统的单片机系统直到现在还在广泛使用。

随着工业控制领域要求的提高,开始出现了16位单片机,但因为性价比不理想并未得到很广泛的应用。

90年代后随着消费电子产品大发展,单片机技术得到了巨大提高。

随着INTEL i960系列特别是后来的ARM系列的广泛应用,32位单片机迅速取代16位单片机的高端地位,并且进入主流市场。

而传统的8位单片机的性能也得到了飞速提高,处理能力比起80年代提高了数百倍。

目前,高端的32位单片机主频已经超过300MHz,性能直追90年代中期的专用处理器,而普通的型号出厂价格跌落至1美元,最高端[1]的型号也只有10美元。

当代单片机系统已经不再只在裸机环境下开发和使用,大量专用的嵌入式操作系统被广泛应用在全系列的单片机上。

而在作为掌上电脑和手机核心处理的高端单片机甚至可以直接使用专用的Windows和Linux操作系统。

单片机比专用处理器更适合应用于嵌入式系统,因此它得到了最多的应用。

事实上单片机是世界上数量最多的计算机。

现代人类生活中所用的几乎每件电子和机械产品中都会集成有单片机。

手机、电话、计算器、家用电器、电子玩具、掌上电脑以及鼠标等电脑配件中都配有1-2部单片机。

而个人电脑中也会有为数不少的单片机在工作。

汽车上一般配备40多部单片机,复杂的工业控制系统上甚至可能有数百台单片机在同时工作!单片机的数量不仅远超过PC机和其他计算的总和,甚至比人类的数量还要多。

单片机及电子技术英语常用词翻译手册

单片机及电子技术英语常用词翻译手册

Glossarypattern: 模板Example: Pattern: QTP, SQTP, code or special requirements (blank otherwise). QTP Pattern #301.shunt regulator: 并联稳压器Example: Internal shunt regulator allows 12, 24, 48V operation.shift: 平移Example: The voltage at this pin shifts the output voltage.slew rate[1] 压摆率n.Example: The slew rate (SR) is defined as the maximum rate of change of the output on an op amp. [2] 斜率,边沿斜率,变化率n. (需请教资深工程师)Example: Slew rate control is disabled for Standard Speed mode.(1和2意义相同,都是指“电压转换速率-单位时间内的电压变化率dv/dt”这个词的译法很多,压摆率,斜率,转换率,回转率,斜升率等,几乎没有个标准,不必计较太多。

我建议译成“转换率”。

wiper[1] 滑动端n.Example: The digital potentiometer IC has 64 wiper positions.[2] 雨刷n.Example: Rain sensor switches off much too late, leaving the wipers rubbing a dry window.wiper resistance: 滑动电阻Example: Wiper resistance of the digital pot is proportional to VIN.passive[1] 无源adj.Example: Components incapable of controlling current by means of another electrical signal are called passive devices.[2] 被动adj.Example: This manual describes a Passive Keyless Entry (PKE) system upgrade to an existing Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) application.transponder 应答器n.Example: The transponder key fob operates as a standard 5-button RKE fob, when not being challenged by a Low-Frequency Initiator signal.Schematics[1] 原理图n.Example: A simplified schematic of one analog input circuit, with a detailed explanation of how it works.[2] 示意图n.socket[1]插座n.Example: Through interchangeable programming socket modules, MPLAB PM3 enables you to quickly and easily program the entire line of Microchip microcontroller devices.[2]套接字n.Example: Compile-time check is done to make sure that enough sockets are available for selected TCP applications.stack[1]堆栈n.Example: The 16th working register (W15) operates as a software Stack Pointer for interrupts and calls.[2]协议栈n.Example: You can use the Microchip Stack for the ZigBee protocol provided in this application note to quickly build your application.halt 暂停v.Example: After a successful build, the Run icon becomes blue, indicating that the program is halted and ready to run.mistype 输入错误,错误输入v. & n.Example: After a successful build, the Run icon becomes blue, indicating that the program is halted and ready to run.procedural abstraction过程抽象Example: The procedural abstraction optimization can be performed more than once.Linker Script链接描述文件Example: Right click on Linker Scripts in the project window and add the linker script file, 18F452.lkr.simulator软件模拟器n.Example: Covers the MPLAB IDE setup for use with MPLAB C18 using MPLAB projects and MPLAB SIM simulator, and references the basics of MPLAB IDE configuration for running the examples and applications in this guide.Serial Quick Turn Programming带序列号的快速批量编程Example:Serial Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) allows you to program a unique serial number into each device. This number can be used as an entry code, password or ID number.disassemble反汇编v.Example: You can view the Program Memory as hex code, machine code or disassembled with symbols (if available).Serial number 序列号n.Example: Use Serial Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) to program a unique serial number into each device.splash screen闪屏n.Example: The system performs a self-check, briefly displays the splash screen, then the versions, followed by the MPLAB PM3 Main menu.Inline assemble行内汇编n.adapter适配器n.Example: Since MPLAB PM3 has ICSP built-in, you cannot use the PRO MATE II ICSP Socket Module (AC04004) and the MPLAB PM3-to-PRO MATE II device adapter.Wall adapter电源适配器n.Plug-in[1]插件n.Example: MPLAB Visual Device Initializer is an MPLAB plug-in and can be installed independently of MPLAB IDE.[2]接插n.Example: The various dsPIC33F development boards may use the plug-in modules for the dsPIC33F silicon devices.bond wire绑定线n. (芯片内部连接裸片和封装引脚的线)Example: The MCP1727 also has an output voltage sense feedback pin that is used for bond wire compensation.sample[1] 采样v./n.Example: The MCP3550-50 (50 Hz rejection) has a sample rate of 12.5 samples per second (sps). [2] 样片n.Example: All four members of the PIC18F45J10 series are available now for engineering samples. [3] 示例n.Example: sample program, sample codetuning fork type crystal音叉式晶振n.Example: This mode is best suited to drive resonators with a low drive level specification, for example, tuning fork type crystals.Loop filter 环路滤波器n.Assert 使…有效v. (建议根据上下文灵活翻译)[1] 拉低v. (“拉低”还是“拉高”要依照时序图判断,本例中SCLx是低电平有效)Example: Therefore, the CKP bit will not assert the SCLx line until an external I2C master device already asserted the SCLx line.[2] 输出v.Example: A stop bit is asserted on the SDA pin at the end of a receive/transmit by setting the Stopsequence enable bit, PEN (SSPCON2<2>).[3] 发出v.Example: The reason that bus collision is not a factor during a START condition is that no two bus masters can assert a START condition at the exact same time.Deassert 使…无效v. (建议根据上下文灵活翻译)[1] 拉高v. (“拉低”还是“拉高”要依照时序图判断,本例中SCL是低电平有效)Example: The SCL output will remain low until the CKP bit is set and all other devices on the I2C bus have deasserted SCL.Upper byte 最高字节;high byte 高字节;low byte 低字节Charge pump 电荷泵n.Power device 功率器件n.Example:The programmable dead-band delay can be used to prevent shoot-through current in half-bridge power devices.Endpoint端点n.Example: USTAT contains the transfer endpoint number, direction and ping-pong buffer pointer value (if used).Suspend Mode 挂起模式,暂停模式n. (需请教资深工程师)赞成:挂起模式Example: Once an Idle state is detected, the user may want to place the USB module in Suspend mode.Ping-pong buffer 乒乓缓冲器n. (第一次出现时,译为:乒乓(ping-pong)缓冲器)Packet Transfer 数据包传输n.Single-ended Zero 单端0 n.Example: The USB Control register contains a status bit, SE0 (UCON<5>), which is used to indicate the occurrence of a single-ended zero on the bus.Buffer Descriptor 缓冲器描述符n.Example: The BDT is composed of Buffer Descriptors (BD) which are used to define and control the actual buffers in the USB RAM space.Token[1] 令牌n.Example: The SIE will send an ACK token back to the host to Acknowledge receipt, however.[2]标记n.Example: Break a string into substrings, or tokens,by inserting null characters in place of specified delimiters.Strobe 选通n.Example: In addition, the SPP can provide time multiplexed addressing information along with the data by using the second strobe output.Transaction 事务n.Example: The wait states are added symmetrically to all transactions.Isochronous 等时,同步adj. (需请教资深工程师)赞成同步的Example: This is ideal for applications that require isochronous, large volume data movement.Starter Kit 入门工具包n.Eye Pattern 眼图n.Example: These bits control output enable state monitoring and eye pattern generation.Data Toggle Synchronization 数据Toggle同步n. (需请教资深工程师)toggle是翻转(乒乓)开关的意思,就是按一下是开,再按是关,然后往复……也可以是指IO输出高低的变换,等。

单片机英语词汇

单片机英语词汇

1.microcontroller 微控制器2.microprocessor 微处理器3.integrated circuit 集成电路4.processor core 内核5.peripheral 外围设备6.chip 芯片7.embedded application/system 嵌入式应用/系统8.Mixed signal 复合信号9.analog 模拟ponent 元件;组成11.power consumption 功耗、能耗12.interrupt 中断13.external 外部的14.internal 内部的15.package 封装16.flash memory 闪存17.semiconductor 半导体18.interrupt service routine (ISR) 中断例程19.overflow 溢出20.h ardware 硬件21.software 软件22.i nterface 接口23.g eneral purpose input/output (GPIO) 通用输入/输出24.s ensor 传感器25.a nalog-to-digital converter (ADC) 模数转换器26.t imer 计时器、定时器27.r egister 寄存器28.S erial Interface (SI) 串行接口29.P arallel Interface (PI) 并行接口30.b us 总线 网络32.c ircuit 电路33.C entral Processing Unit (CPU) 中央处理器34.d iscrete 分立元件;离散的35.c lock generator 时钟发生器36.c rystal oscillator 晶振37.c ompiler 编译器38.s imulator 模拟器,仿真器39.I nterrupt latency 中断延迟40.b uffer 缓冲器41.interrupt nesting 中断嵌套42.p riority level 优先级43.a ccumulator 累加器44.s ynchronous 同步的45.a synchronous 异步的46.s hift register 移位寄存器47.c onfiguration 配置48.c lock frequency 时钟频率49.I ntegrated Development Environment (IDE) 集成开发环境50.e xecutable 可执行的51.instruction 指令,用法说明52.b uilt-in 内置,嵌入的53.r eset 复位54.b ootstrap loader 引导程序55.c omparator 比较器56.i n-circuit debugging 仿真调试57.i nterrupt resource 中断源58.i nstruction set 指令集59.a ddressing mode 寻址方式60.d ivision 除法61.multiplication 乘法62.s ubtraction 减法63.a ddition 加法64.R educed Instruction Set Computer (RISC) 精简指令集65.e ncode 编码,编码器66.d ecode 译码,解码67.o perand 操作数,运算对象68.l oad 加载69.m ainframe 主机70.o ffset 偏移量71.parameter 参数,系数72.i mmediate addressing 立即寻址73.d irect addressing 直接寻址74.r egister addressing 寄存器寻址75.r egister indirect addressing 寄存器间接寻址76.i ndexed addressing 变址寻址77.r elative addressing 相对寻址78.d ecrement (DEC) 渐减79.i ncrement (INC) 渐加80.b inary 二进制81.octal system 八进制82.d ecimal 十进制83.h exadecimal 十六进制84.E xclusive-or (XOR) 逻辑异或85.X NOR 逻辑同或86.r otate 循环87.c omplement 补集,补码88.B oolean 布尔89.s ubroutine 子程序90.b ranch 分支bel 标号92.i nput 输入93.o utput 输出94.a rray 数组,阵列95.l atch 锁存器96.l ow-order 低位97.h igh-order 高位98.p eripheral device 外围设备99.l ow end 低端100.h igh end 高端101.low power 低功耗102.h igh power 大功率103.i ntegrated circuit (IC) 集成电路104.o scilloscope 示波器105.L east Significant Bit (LSB) 最低有效位106.M ost Significant Bit (MSB) 最高有效位107.a ctive high 高电位有效108.a ctive low 低电位有效109.c apacitor 电容110.resistor 电阻111.inductor 电感112.variable resistor 可变电阻113.full-duplex 全双工114.half-duplex 半双工115.on-chip 片上116.off-chip 片外117.Variance 方差(还没有整理完全,希望大家还有什么关于单片机的词汇再补充上去,然后方便的话上传到网上,分享分享更健康!!!)。

单片机英语单词翻译

单片机英语单词翻译

单片机英语单词Ch1 Hardware System of Single Chip MicrocomputerPC (Personal Computer)机中央处理单元(CPU,Central Processing Unit)输入输出(I/O,Input/Output)随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)专用寄存器(Special Function Register)程序计数器(PC,Program Counter)程序状态字(PSW,Program Status Word)堆栈指针(SP,Stack Pointer)时钟电路(Clock circuit)复位电路(Reset circuit)电压(V oltage)地线(Ground)Ch2 The Exploitation of Single Chip Microcomputer仿真器(emulator)工具软件(facility and software)电源(power supply)通信电缆(Communication Cable)运行(Execute)、仿真插座(Emulator socket )单步运行(Step)、在线仿真功能(On-line emulator function)跟踪运行(Trace)在线仿真器(In Circuit Emulator,简称ICE)断点运行(Breakpoint)Ch3 Instruction System of the MCS-51MCS(Micro Computer System)指令系统(Instruction System)寻址方式(Look for address mode)直接(Directness)立即(Immediately)间接(Indirectly)变址(Change address)相对(Comparatively)数据传送指令(Data Move Instruction)算术运算指令(Arithmetic Operation Instruction)逻辑运算指令(Logic Operation Instruction)控制转移指令(Control Transfer Instruction)位操作指令(Bit Operation Instruction)BCD码,(Binary Coded Decimal)加法(ADD,Addition)减法(SUB,Subtration)乘法(MUL,Multiplication)除法(DIV,Divition)数据调整(DA,Data Adjust)加大(INC,Increase)减少(DEC,Decrease)Ch4 The Program Design of Assembly Language机器语言(Machine Language)汇编语言(Assembly Language)高级语言(High-Level Language)简单程序(simple program)分支程序(branch program)循环程序(circle or loop program)子程序(Subprogram)Ch5 Time and Interrupt中断(Interrupt)计数器(counter)定时器(Timer)定时器工作方式寄存器(TMOD,Timer mode)定时器控制寄存器(TCON,Timer control)启动定时器(TR,Timer Run)定时器满标志位(TF,Time Full)中断允许寄存器(IE,Interrupt Enable)中断优先权寄存器(Interrupt Priority)交通指挥灯traffic light倒计时countdown片内RAM on-chip Data RAMCh6 The Expanded System of Single Chip Microcomputer静态RAM(SRAM,Static Random Access Memory )动态RAM DRAM,Dynamic Random Access Memory)快擦写型存储器(Flash Memory)只读存储器(ROM,Read-only Memory)随机存取存储器(RAM,Random AccessMemor)Ch7 The Interface T echnology of Single Micro Computer发光二极管(LED,Light Emitting Diode)液晶显示器(LCD,Liquid Crystal Display)模数转换器(A/D Converter,Analogy/Digital Converter)数模转换器(D/A Converter,Digital/Analogy Converter)打印机(Printer)Ch8 Serial Port Communicate T echnology串行口(Serial Port)并行口(Parallel Port)外部external通信(Communication)字符帧(Character frame)波特率(Baud Rate)异步通信(Asynchronous Communication)同步通信(Synchronous Communication)通用异步收发器(UART,Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter)通用同步收发器(USRT,Universal Synchronous Receiver/Transmitter)全双工(FD/FDX,Full Duplex)半双工(Semiduplex)单工(SPX,Simplex)。

单片机常用英文缩写全称

单片机常用英文缩写全称

单片机常用英文缩写全称单片机(Microcontroller,简称MCU)是一种集成了处理器、存储器和外设功能的微型计算机系统。

它常被用于各种电子设备中,如家电、工业控制、汽车电子等。

在单片机领域中,有许多常用的英文缩写用于表示不同的功能模块和技术,下面将介绍一些常用的单片机英文缩写全称。

1. MCU - Microcontroller Unit(微控制器单元)MCU是单片机的常用缩写,它指的是整个单片机系统,包括中央处理器(CPU)、内存和各种外设。

2. CPU - Central Processing Unit(中央处理器)CPU是单片机中最核心的部分,负责执行指令和控制系统的操作。

3. RAM - Random Access Memory(随机存取存储器)RAM是用于临时存储数据的内存,它可以被CPU快速访问。

4. ROM - Read-Only Memory(只读存储器)ROM是单片机中的一个存储器类型,它存储了程序和数据,不允许对其进行修改。

5. EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (电可擦可编程只读存储器)EEPROM是一种可擦写的存储器,它可以多次擦除和编程,用于存储非易失性数据。

6. I/O - Input/Output(输入/输出)I/O指单片机与外部设备之间的数据交换接口,用于输入和输出数据。

7. ADC - Analog-to-Digital Converter(模数转换器)ADC用于将模拟信号转换为数字信号,以便单片机进行处理。

8. DAC - Digital-to-Analog Converter(数模转换器)DAC用于将数字信号转换为模拟信号,以便控制外部设备或输出模拟信号。

9. PWM - Pulse Width Modulation(脉宽调制)PWM是一种调节电平的技术,用于控制电流、电压或频率。

单片机技术常用的英语词汇

单片机技术常用的英语词汇
写WR
Write
读RD
Read
地址总线AB
Address Bus
控制总线CB
Control Bus
数据总线DB
Data Bus
DPL
The Low byte of DPTR
DPH
The High byte of DPTR
TL0 / TL1
The Low byte of T0 / T1
TH0 / TH1
The High byte of T0 / T1
电源控制PCON
Power Control
T/C控制TCON
Timer / Counter Control
T/C模式TMOD
Timer / Counter Mode
串行数据缓冲器
SBUF
Serial Buffer
串行口控制SCON
Serial Port Control
中断允许IE
Interrupt Enable
中断优先级IP
Interrupt Priority
空闲IDL
Idle
掉电PD
Power Down
时钟周期
Clock Cycle
机器周期
Machine Cycle
指令周期
Instruction Cycle
地址锁存允许
ALE
Address Latch Enable
访问外部程序存储器EA
External Access
复位RST
Reset
石英晶体XTAL
Crystal
串行接收RXD
Receive Data
串行发送TXD
Transmit Data
中断INT

单片机相关外文翻译

单片机相关外文翻译

The single chip computer abbreviation Microcontroller is typical of embedded Microcontroller controller (Microcontroller Unit), common English letters is the abbreviation of MCU said Microcontroller, it was first used in industrial control field. SCM by chip inside only CPU dedicated processor. The earliest design concept is through the huge amounts of peripheral and CPU integration in a chip, make the computer system smaller, more easy to integrate into the complex and to volume demanding control equipment of. Intel-based Z80 is the earliest designed according to this kind of thought the processor, henceforth, SCM and dedicated processor development parted.Early microcontroller is 8 bits or 4 digit. One of the most successful intel-based 8031 is simple, reliable performance, because good got a lot of praise. Then in the microcomputer 8031 developed MCS51 series microcontroller systems. Based on this system of SCM system have until now in widespread use. With the improvement of industrial control area requirement, begin to emerge 16-bit single chip, but because the price is not ideal did not get very widely. After the 1990s with consumer electronic products development, microcontroller technology has been a tremendous increase. As the INTEL i960 series especially later ARM series widely, 32-bit SCM rapidly replacing 16-bit single chip of high-end status, and into the mainstream market. While the traditional 8 bit micro-controller performance also obtained the rapid increase, processing power than 1980s raised hundreds times. At present, high-end 32-bit SCM frequency has exceeded 300MHz, performance straight after the middle of 90's of dedicated processor, whereas normal type ex-factory price dropped to $1, the highest-profile [1] type was only ten dollars. Contemporary SCM system no longer only in LuoJi environment, development and use of special embedded operating system is widely used in the whole range of single-chip microcomputer. While in as a handheld computers and mobile phones key processing of high-end microcontroller even can directly use the special Windows and Linux operating system.Single-chip processor more than dedicated suitable for use with embedded system, so it has gained the most applications. In fact microcontroller is the world largest number of the computer. Modern human life that are used in almost every pieces of electronic and mechanical products will be integrated have microcontroller. Mobile, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, PDA and mouse and so on computer accessories are equipped with 1-2 department microcontroller. The PCS in also will affect many microcomputer in the work. Cars equipped with more than 40 department generalsingle-chip microcomputer, complex industrial control system even there may be hundredsmicrocomputer in working at the same time! The number of MCU is not only far more than PCS and other calculation combined, and even more than the number of human beings.SCM is also called monolithic micro controller, it is not complete a logic function chips, but it is a computer system integration to a chip. The computer equivalent of a micro computer, and compared, microcontroller lack only the I/O devices. General speaking: a chip became a computer. Its compact size, light quality, cheap, for learning, application and development provides the convenience. Meanwhile, "learning to use a single chip computer is knowledge of computer principle and structureof the best choice.SCM internal also use and computer functions similar module, such as CPU, memory, parallel bus and hard disk storage device functions are the same, the difference is its relative performance all these parts of our home computer weak, but the price is much lower, usually less than 10 yuan can... Use it to do some control electric appliance category is not very complicated work is sufficient. We use now roller washing machine, smoke exhaust hood, VCD and so on the home appliance inside can see the figure! ... It was mainly used as a core part of the control part.It is a kind of on-line real-time control computer, on-line is site control, need is strong anti-jamming ability, low cost, this also is and off-line computer (such as household PC) the main difference.A single chip computer is by program running, and can be modified. Through the different program realization of different function, especially the unique some special function, this is another device needs to spend effort can do that, while some others are great effort also hard to do. One is not very complicated function if use in the United States during the 1950s development of 74 series, or from the 1960s CD4000 series these pure hardware to fix words, circuit must be a large piece of PCB board! But if if use American 1970s success on the market series microcontroller, and the results will be difference! Just because of single chip through your programming can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and high reliability.Due to cost is sensitive microcontroller, so, at present, the dominant software or lowest assembly language, it is besides the binary machine code above the lowest language, since so low-level why use? Many senior language has reached the level of visual programming is why not? The reason is very simple, that is no home computer microcontroller as the CPU, also did not like hard disk that mass storage device. A visual small programs written in high-level languages inside has even a button, also can achieve dozens of K size! For household PC hard disk speaking nothing, but the SCM speaking isunacceptable. Microcomputer in hardware resources utilization must high to just go, so assembly although original but still in use large. The same way, if the giant computer operating system and application software got home PC came running, household PC is also cannot bear.Can say, the twentieth century across the three "electricity" age, namely the age of electricity, electronic era and now has entered the computer era. However, this kind of computer, usually refers to the personal computer, the abbreviation PCS. It consists of host, keyboard, display etc. And those computer, most people do not so familiar with. This computer is intelligence gives all kinds of mechanical SCM (also called micro controller). As the name suggests, the computer is minimal systems only took a piece of integrated circuits, simple operation and control can be carried out. Because of its small size, usually hidden in the accused of mechanical "stomach". It in the whole device, plays the role of like the human mind, it went wrong, the whole device broke down. Now, this SCM use field has been widely, such as intelligent instruments, real-time control, communication equipment, navigation system, household electric appliances, etc. Various products once usingsingle-chip microcomputer, can have the effect that product upgrading, often in product specialty bariatric adjectives -- "intelligent", such as intelligent washing machines etc. Now some factories technicians or other leisure electronic developers out some of the products, not the circuits are too complex, is functional too simple and the easy be imitators. Investigate its reason, may be stuck in product without using SCM or other programmable logic devices..Microcontroller history1971 Intel company developed the world's first four microprocessor, The Intel company hoff successfully developed the world's first piece of four 4004 Intel microprocessor chips, marks the first generation of microprocessor market, microprocessor and computer era begins. For invention microprocessor, hoff by the British economist magazine named "the most influential since world war ii the seven scientists" one.In 1971, the Intel on November launch MCS - 4 microcomputer system (including 4001 ROM chip, 4002 RAM chips, 4003 shift register chips and 4004 microprocessor) which 4004 (figure below) contains 2,300 transistor, the dimension of 3mm x 4mm, computing performance than that ENIAC, initially sells for $200.April 1972, hoff etc, developed the first eight Intel microprocessor 8008. Because 8008 USES is P in gully MOS microprocessor, and therefore still belong to the first generation of microprocessors.1973 Intel company develop 8 bits of the microprocessor 8080; In 1973, August hoff person such as developed eight microprocessor 8080 to N in gully intel-based MOS circuit replaced P channel, the second generation microprocessor at birth.Frequency of 2MHz 8080 chip speed 8008 10 times faster than, can access 64KB memory, use based on six micron technology 6,000 transistors, processing speed of 0.64 the MIPS (at) Million will conference.In 1975, MITS issued on April first general-purpose Altair 8,800, price $37.5bn, with 1KB memory. This is the world's first microcomputer.1976 the Intel company develop MCS - 48 series of 8 bits of single chip microcontroller, this also is published.Zilog company in 1976 development Z80 microprocessor, widely used in microcomputer and industrial automatic control equipment. At that time, Zilog, Motorola and Intel microprocessor field in Japan.In the early 1980s, the Intel company in MCS - 48 series microcontroller, on the basis of launched MCS - 51 series 8 bits of high-grade microcontroller. MCS - 51 series microcontroller whether pieces (RAM capacity, I/O mouth function, system extension aspects had the very big enhancement. Singlechip the bus: we know that a circuit is always from the components through wires connected, and in analog circuits, the connection does not become a problem, because the devices are generally serial inter-relationship between the various devices connection is not much, but not the same as computer circuits, which is based on the microprocessor as the core, the device must be connected with the microprocessor, the device must be between the mutual coordination and so on need to connect on a lot of If still the same as analog circuits, in the microprocessor and a separate connection between the devices, the quantity line will be many alarmingly so in the microprocessor introduced the concept of bus, all devices share the connection All devices of all eight data lines from eight public online, which is equivalent to all devices in parallel, but only this is not enough, if there is two devices send data simultaneously, a 0, a 1, then , the receiving party received what is it? This situation is not allowed, so to pass the line of control to control the device time job, any time there can be only one device to send data (which may have multiple devices simultaneously receiving). Device's data lines will be referredto as data bus, all the line of control devices known as control bus. Singlechip at internal or external memory and other devices have memory cells, these memory cells to be assigned addresses to use, the allocation of addresses is of course to give the form of electrical signals, and because memory cells are more so for address the allocation of more lines, these lines were known as the address bus.Second, data, address, command: The reason why these three together, because these three are the essence is the same - figure, or are a string of'0 'and'1', composed of sequence . In other words, addresses, instructions are also data. Command: from single-chip chip designer provides a figure, it is consistent with our mnemonic commonly used commands have a strict one-to-one relationship, not by the developer to change the MCU. Address: Singlechip are looking for internal, external storage units, input and output port based on the value of the internal unit's address has been provided for the chip designers, and can not be changed, the external unit can be single-chip developers to decide, but Yes there is some address must be the unit (see procedures for the implementation process). Data: This is the object of treatment by the microprocessor, in a variety of different applications in different circuits, in general, the data may be processed so have several situations:1 ? address (such as MOV DPTR, # 1000H), that address 1000h into the DPTR.2 ? the way the words or control characters (such as MOV TMOD, # 3),3 which controls the characters.3 ? constants (such as MOV TH0, # 10H) 10H that is constant from time to time.4 ? The actual output value (such as the mouth then P1 lantern light to light the whole, then the implementation of instruction: MOV P1, # 0FFH, to light the whole dark, then the implementation of instruction: MOV P1, # 00H) and 00H are here 0FFH actual output value. Another example is the font code for the LED, is the actual output value.Understanding of the address, the nature of instructions, running is not difficult to understand why the process of running fly, the data will be implemented as instructions.Three, P0 mouth, P2 and P3 the mouth of the second function Usage: often on P0 beginner I, P2 and P3 mouth I use the second function puzzled think the second function and the original features have a switch between the process, or that there have to be a directive, in fact, the port's second feature is completely automatic, no need to use command to convert. Such as P3.6, P3.7, respectively, are WR, RD signal, when the micro-chip RAM or external justifications machine has an external I / O port, they were used as the second function, can not be used as general-purpose I / O port to use, as long as one microprocessor implementation of the MOVX instruction 1, there will be a corresponding signal sent from the P3.6 or P3.7, no prior use instructions indicate. In fact 'can not be used as general-purpose I / O port use' is not 'should not' but (user) 'not' as a general-purpose I / O port to use. At command you can arrange a Medium of Instruction SETB P3.7, and when the single-chip implementation of this Article directions, P3.7 will also become high, but users will not do so, because This usually will lead to the collapse of the system.Four, the program implementation process: single-chip power-on reset in 8051 after the program counter (PC) in the value of'0000 ', so the procedure always'0000' unit begin implementation of, that is to say: the system's ROM must exist in the'0000 'in this unit, and'0000' in the storage unit must be a command.Friday, the stack: the stack is a region, are used to store data, the region does not have any unique position, that is a part of internal RAM, special is its data storage and access methods, namely, theso-called 'advanced after that last-in first-out ', and the stack has a special data transmission command, ie' PUSH 'and' POP ', there is a special unit specifically for its services, that is, the stack pointer SP, when they first PUSH instruction, the SP on (at the original value of the foundation on) automatically add one, whenever the implementation of a POP instruction, SP on (at the original value basis) minus one automatically. Because of the value of SP can be used to change directions, so as long as the stage at the beginning of the proceedings to change the value of the SP, you can put the stack set up the required memory units, such as at the beginning of the proceedings, with a MOV SP, # 5FHinstructions when put on the stack from the memory modules installed in the unit 60H start. The normal procedure at the beginning of the total that there is a stack pointer of the instruction set, because at startup, SP initial value of 07H, thus the stack from the beginning the next unit 08h, and 08h to 1Fh in the region 8031 is the second, Three, four working registers area, often used, this will lead to data chaos. The author has prepared a different program, not exactly the same instructions to initialize the stack, which is the author's customary problem. When set up the stack area, does not mean that the region as a dedicated memory, it can be as common as the use of memory region, but under normal circumstances programming will not put it as an ordinary memory use.AVR single chipThe AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers.All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowingtwo independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clockcycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up toten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.The ATmega8 provides the following features: 8K bytes of In-System ProgrammableFlash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 512 bytes of EEPROM, 1K byte of SRAM, 23general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexibleTimer/Counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, a serial program-mable USART, a byte oriented Two-wire Serial Interface, a 6-channel ADC (eightchannels in TQFP and MLF packages) where four (six) channels have 10-bit accuracyand two channels have 8-bit accuracy, a programmable Watchdog Timer with InternalOscillator, an SPI serial port, and five software selectable power saving modes. The Idlemode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, SPI port, and interruptsystem to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents butfreezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next Interrupt or Hard-ware Reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run, allowing theuser to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADC NoiseReduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except asynchronous timer andADC, to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the crys-tal/resonator Oscillator is running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allowsvery fast start-up combined with low-power consumption.T he device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density non-volatile memory technology.The Flash Program memory can be reprogrammed In-System through an SPI serialinterface, by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip bootprogram running on the AVR core. The boot program can use any interface to downloadthe application program in the Application Flash Memory. Software in the Boot FlashSection will continue to run while the Application Flash Section is updated, providingtrue Read-While-Write operation. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel ATmega8 is a powerful microcon-troller that provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embeddedcontrol applications.The ATmega8 AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system developmenttools, including C compilers, macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators, In-Cir-cuit Emulators, and evaluation kits.MCU applicationCurrently microcontroller penetrated into every aspect of our lives, almost hard to find which field no trace of single chip. Missile navigation devices, the plane on various kinds of instrument control, computer network communication and data transmission, industrial automation process real-time control and data processing, is widely used in all kinds of intelligent IC card, civil luxury car security system, video camera, video camera, full-automatic washing machine control, as well asprogram-controlled toys, electronic pets, etc, these are inseparable from microcontroller. Mention automatic control field of robot, intelligent instruments, medical equipment and various kinds of intelligent machinery. Therefore, SCM's study, development and application of computer application will create and intelligent control of scientists and engineers.SCM is widely applied in instrumentation, household appliance, medical equipment, aerospace, special equipment of intelligent management and process control and other fields, roughly can divide the following several categories:1. In intelligent instruments on the applicationSingle-chip microcomputer with small size, low power consumption, control function is strong, flexible, miniaturization and extended use convenience etc, which are widely used in instrumentation, combined with different kinds of sensors, which can realize such as voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature and flow rate, speed, thickness, Angle, length, hardness, elements and pressures, physical measurement. Adopting SCM control makes instrument digital, intelligent, miniaturization, and functional than by electronic or digital circuit stronger. For example precision measuring equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, various analyzer).2. The application in industrial controlMCU can constitute the various forms of control system, the data acquisition system. For example the production line of the intelligent pipe principle, the elevator intelligent control, various alarm system, network with computer constitute a secondary control system, etc.3. The application in household appliancesIt can be said that now of household appliances basically adopts single-chip microcomputer control, from electric cooker, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioner, color television, other audio video equipment, arrive again micro-electronic quantity equipment, multifarious, omnipresent.4. In computer network and communication in the field of applicationModern single-chip generally have communication interface can be easily and computer data communications, for in the computer network and communication between devices applied to provide the excellent material conditions of present communication equipment basically realized thesingle-chip microcomputer intelligent control, from mobile, telephone, small pabx, building automatic train communication calling system, wireless communication, arrive again daily work deductions-from the mobile phone, cluster mobile communications, radios, etc.5. Microcomputer in the medical device field of applicationMicrocomputer in the medical equipment of use also is quite widespread, such as medical breathing machines, various analyzer, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and sickbed call system, etc. 6. In various large-scale electric appliance of modular applicationsSome special MCU designed to accomplish a specific function, and in various circuit of modular application, without asking using personnel understand its internal structure. If music integrated microcontroller, seemingly simple function, miniature in pure electronic chip (different from the principle of tape) be complex resemble computer principle. Such as: music signals in digital form stored in memory (ROM), similar to read by micro controller, into analog signals (similar to the music sound card).In large circuit, this modular application greatly reduced volume and simplify the circuit and reduce the damage, the error rate, also facilitate replacement.7. Microcomputer in the application fields of auto equipmentMicrocomputer in the automobile electronic application is very wide, for example in the car engine control, based on CAN bus automobile engine intelligence electronic controllers, GPS navigation system, abs antilock brakes, braking system, etc.In addition, microcomputer in the industry and commerce, finance, scientific research, education, national defence aerospace and other fields have a wide range of purposes.First, energy feedback unit work principleOn frequency-variable speed-adjustable system, when the motor load is a load of potential energy type such as oil pumping unit, mine hoist, etc; Or large inertia load such as: fan, cement system pipe, Dynamic balancing machines etc; And rolling mill, large longmen planer, spindle etc need fast brake class load, the motor is inevitably exists generating process, namely of motor rotor in external drag or load inertia maintain itself under the actual, making the motor speed is greater than the synchronous speed inverters, motor power will be issued by stored in inverter with dc bus filter capacitance, if you don't use this energy consume, so with dc bus voltage will rise, the influence of the frequency converter working normally.Energy feedback unit, through the automatic detection inverter with dc bus voltage, frequency converter dc link of dc voltage inverter with frequency voltage into with the same phase ac voltage, via multiple noise filter link after connected to exchange network, so as to achieve the purpose of energy feedback network, back to the grid electricity generating energy reached 97%, and effectively save electric energy.Second, energy feedback unit matters needing attention2.1, energy feedback unit and its connected device internal have endanger the personal safety of high pressure, wrong operation or improper installation may lead to personal property loss, so that the proposed by specially trained personnel installation operation.2.2, installation and wiring, in order to ensure the safe, please make sure to energy feedback unit and connected to it inverter power supply all disconnect and waits for 5 ~ 10 minutes, stay inverter internal capacitance stored in electricity discharge is finished, all can only operate.2.3, energy feedback unit and converter as close as possible to the farthest distance, do not exceed 2 meters.2.4, because energy feedback unit interior special design allows the user can not consider the grid sequence, namely: energy feedback unit of A, B and C terminals need not to the grid A, B and C or frequency converter input R, S, T one-to-one. But connection request when energy feedback unit of A, B and C terminals must and inverter communication input terminals R, S, T directly connected, can not through any intermediate switches or contactors, also can not connected to other ac circuits.2.5, energy feedback unit DC (+) terminal and converter DC bus is connected, DC (-) and converter DC bus negative connected the two cable advice adopting soft cable, and stranded inner connection, in order to reduce radiation.2.6, located on the radiator PE site wiring screws, please connect real reserve, could not connect grid neutral (neuter line).2.7, energy feedback unit designs for natural cooling way, so he asked energy feedback unit within the fluctuation, left 100mm 30mm inside cannot have other things influence the air flow shade.Third, energy feedback unit applicable occasions3.1, energy feedback unit used in potential type load such as: oil pumping unit, mine hoist, etc;3.2, energy feedback unit suitable to the large inertia load such as: fan, cement system pipe, dynamic balancing machines, centrifuge, etc;3.3, energy feedback unit applies to need to stop quickly of occasions, such as rolling mill, large longmen planer, spindle etc,3.4, energy feedback unit work may apply to other motors in renewable power state occasions. Four, energy feedback element and braking unit differenceEnergy feedback unit is renewable power of electric motor to power grid (right now meter feedback inversion), supply other equipment use, feedback efficiency can reaches as high as 97% above. And braking unit needs and braking resistance are used together, motor power generation of electricity consumption in regenerative braking resistance into heat wasted.In addition, using braking unit and braking resistance of braking unit, compared with energy feedback braking torque is small, can't achieve motor precision braking .Five.With the development of the technology of computer and control,the temperature control of electric heating furnace is becoming fully developed, the technology has been an important part of industry.To meet the requirement of industrial control, the thesis designs a system which is constituted of temperature detecting device, A/D conversion, monolithic processor keyboard and display apparatus, alarming circuit and D/A conversion based on the control of electric heating furnace. The thesis explains the principle, the concept of design, constitution and characteristic. Because of the great developing speed of automatic temperature controlling, the thesis try to explain the system in detail, and the thesis also reflect the direction of the development of temperature controlling system.This design controlled member is an electric heating stove, adds through the control in the resistance wire beginnings and ends voltage operating time operating time, comes the average power which outputs to the resistance wire to perform to control. Automatic temperature control of the electric furnace is realized by a temperature control circuit of solid state relay on the basis of the single-chip computer. This article put PID algorithm applies in the resistance furnace temperature control system, elaborated PID controller design, the hardware constitution and the software design, have realized set of temperatures gathering and the control design proposal. This control system has such advantages as low cost .control accuracy, good reliability and good resistance to interference.8.the application of single chip in electronic scaleThe development of the modern society has put forward higher request on weighing technology. The desk-top electronic scales have been great application in commercial trade, but they have many shortcomings such as large volume, high cost, AC supply power and not cove nince to carry, so they are restricted to use. The usual portable scales are lever scales which are mostly used by residents, and spring balance which measure through compression or drawing of spring. They are being rejected for their big measuring errors. People have been expecting cheap portable electronic scales which can measure accurately and be carried conveniently for many years.This thesis designs new-type portable electronic scales. It discusses the instrumental working principle, and introduces its error sources and how to distribute the error. And, the instrumental circuit, software-flow-chart and engineering designing technology are presented. Because capacitance。

单片机常用英语词汇

单片机常用英语词汇

单片机常用英语单词中文名称; 英文名称; ;简记术语单片机; Single Chip Micocomputer or MicoControler Unit ;SCM or MCU在线烧录(往芯片写入程序);In System Programming ; ISP在线仿真;In Circuit Enulator ;ICE复位;reset ;RST编程选通使能端;Program Strobe Enable ; PSEN看门狗;WatchDog数据指针寄存器;Data Pointer Register; DP特殊用途寄存器;Special Purpose Register; SPRPSW寄存器 ; PassWord Register; PSW奇偶校检位P位; ParityBit 溢出位OV位; Overflow寄存器组选择位; Register Select; RS(0/1)进位校检位 ;堆栈指针; StackPointer; SP堆栈;stanck推入;push弹出;popIE中断寄存器;Interrupt Register ; IE溢出中断;Overflow Interrupt计(时)数器;Timer计数器高位;TimerHigh Bit ;TH计数器低位; TimerLow Bit ;TL计数器模式控制寄存器; Timer Model Control Register;TMOD计数器控制寄存器; Timer Model Control Register;TCON串行端口控制寄存器 ; Serial Control Regiter ; SCON 串行模式控制寄存器; Serial Model Control Register;SMOD开始位;Start Bit 结束位;Stop Bit 字节数据高位 ;MSB 字节数据低位; LSB传输控制寄存器; Pass Control Register; PCON停止运行设置位; Power Down Bit; PD位闲置模式设置位; Idel Model Set Bit; IDL位辅助寄存器; AUXR闲置模式下看门狗控制位; Watchdog idle model control bit;WDIDLE看门狗复位; Watchdog reset中断服务程序; Interruput Service Routine宏; macro寄存器组; Register Bank中断优先级寄存器; Interrupt Register波特率; Baud Rate中断向量; interrupt vector数据校检; Data Polling计数器溢出; TimeroverFlow ; TF串行时钟信号;Serial Clock singal; SCK看门狗重置寄存器; WatchdogTimer Reset SFR; WDTRST SFR ;UART移位寄存器锁存器串行锁存器 ;SBUF堆栈随机存储器 ; Stanck RAM ;SRAM脉宽;Purse Width Model ;PWM应用中编程 ; In Application Programing ;IAP数据总线DB模拟/数字信号转换;A/D个人计算机;PC读写控制线;CB总线;BUS晶体振荡器频率;fosc 机器周期;MC状态周期; S 拍;P输入/输出;I/O电源正极;VCC 电源负极;VSS /GND 外加电源;VPD插座;JP主器件发送-从器件接收数据口;MOSI(P1.5)主器件接收-从器件发送数据口;MOSO(P1.6)IT0/T1 串行输入口;RXO 串行输出口;TXD累加器;ACC程序状态字;PSW紫外线擦除存储器;EPROM只读存储器;ROM随机存储器;RAM 可编程控制器;PROM 电擦除存储器;EEPROM 门控位;GATE串行数据线;SDA串行时钟线;SCL IC器件间;I2C1.microcontroller 微控制器2.microprocessor 微处理器3.integrated circuit 集成电路4.processor core 核5.peripheral 外围设备6.chip 芯片7.embedded application/system 嵌入式应用/系统8.Mixed signal 复合信号9.analog 模拟ponent 元件;组成11.power consumption 功耗、能耗12.interrupt 中断13.external 外部的14.internal 部的15.package 封装16.flash memory 闪存17.semiconductor 半导体18.interrupt service routine (ISR) 中断例程19.overflow 溢出20.hardware 硬件21.software 软件22.interface 接口23.general purpose input/output (GPIO) 通用输入/输出24.sensor 传感器25.analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 模数转换器26.timer 计时器、定时器27.register 寄存器28.Serial Interface (SI) 串行接口29.Parallel Interface (PI) 并行接口30.bus 总线 网络32.circuit 电路33.Central Processing Unit (CPU) 中央处理器34.discrete 分立元件;离散的35.clock generator 时钟发生器36.crystal oscillator 晶振piler 编译器38.simulator 模拟器,仿真器39.Interrupt latency 中断延迟40.buffer 缓冲器41.interrupt nesting 中断嵌套42.priority level 优先级43.accumulator 累加器44.synchronous 同步的45.asynchronous 异步的46.shift register 移位寄存器47.configuration 配置48.clock frequency 时钟频率49.Integrated Development Environment (IDE) 集成开发环境50.executable 可执行的51.instruction 指令,用法说明52.built-in 置,嵌入的53.reset 复位54.bootstrap loader 引导程序parator 比较器56.in-circuit debugging 仿真调试57.interrupt resource 中断源58.instruction set 指令集59.addressing mode 寻址方式60.division 除法61.multiplication 乘法62.subtraction 减法63.addition 加法64.Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) 精简指令集65.encode 编码,编码器66.decode 译码,解码67.operand 操作数,运算对象68.load 加载69.mainframe 主机70.offset 偏移量71.parameter 参数,系数72.immediate addressing 立即寻址73.direct addressing 直接寻址74.register addressing 寄存器寻址75.register indirect addressing 寄存器间接寻址76.indexed addressing 变址寻址77.relative addressing 相对寻址78.decrement (DEC) 渐减79.increment (INC) 渐加80.binary 二进制81.octal system 八进制82.decimal 十进制83.hexadecimal 十六进制84.Exclusive-or (XOR) 逻辑异或85.XNOR 逻辑同或86.rotate 循环plement 补集,补码88.Boolean 布尔89.subroutine 子程序90.branch 分支bel 标号92.input 输入93.output 输出94.array 数组,阵列tch 锁存器96.low-order 低位97.high-order 高位98.peripheral device 外围设备99.low end 低端100.high end 高端101.low power 低功耗102.high power 大功率103.integrated circuit (IC) 集成电路104.oscilloscope 示波器105.Least Significant Bit (LSB) 最低有效位106.Most Significant Bit (MSB) 最高有效位107.active high 高电位有效108.active low 低电位有效109.capacitor 电容110.resistor 电阻111.inductor 电感112.variable resistor 可变电阻113.full-duplex 全双工114.half-duplex 半双工115.on-chip 片上116.off-chip 片外117.Variance 方差。

单片机常用英语词汇

单片机常用英语词汇

单片机常用英语单词中文名称; 英文名称; ;简记术语单片机; Single Chip Micocomputer or MicoControler Unit ; SCM or MCU在线烧录(往芯片写入程序);In System Programming ; ISP在线仿真;In Circuit Enulator ;ICE复位 ;reset ;RST编程选通使能端;Program Strobe Enable ; PSEN看门狗;WatchDog数据指针寄存器;Data Pointer Register; DP特殊用途寄存器;Special Purpose Register; SPRPSW寄存器 ; PassWord Register; PSW奇偶校检位P位; ParityBit溢出位OV位; Overflow寄存器组选择位; Register Select; RS(0/1)进位校检位 ;堆栈指针; StackPointer; SP堆栈;stanck推入;push弹出;popIE中断寄存器;Interrupt Register ; IE溢出中断;Overflow Interrupt计(时)数器;Timer计数器高位;TimerHigh Bit ;TH计数器低位; TimerLow Bit ;TL计数器模式控制寄存器; Timer Model Control Register; TMOD计数器控制寄存器; Timer Model Control Register; TCON串行端口控制寄存器 ; Serial Control Regiter ; SCON串行模式控制寄存器; Serial Model Control Register; SMOD开始位;Start Bit结束位;Stop Bit字节数据高位 ;MSB 字节数据低位; LSB传输控制寄存器; Pass Control Register; PCON停止运行设置位; Power Down Bit; PD位闲置模式设置位; Idel Model Set Bit; IDL位辅助寄存器; AUXR闲置模式下看门狗控制位; Watchdog idle model control bit; WDIDLE看门狗复位; Watchdog reset中断服务程序; Interruput Service Routine宏; macro寄存器组; Register Bank中断优先级寄存器; Interrupt Register波特率; Baud Rate中断向量; interrupt vector数据校检; Data Polling计数器溢出; TimeroverFlow ; TF串行时钟信号;Serial Clock singal; SCK看门狗重置寄存器; WatchdogTimer Reset SFR; WDTRST SFR;UART移位寄存器锁存器串行锁存器 ;SBUF堆栈随机存储器 ; Stanck RAM ;SRAM脉宽;Purse Width Model ;PWM应用中编程 ; In Application Programing ;IAP数据总线DB模拟/数字信号转换;A/D个人计算机;PC读写控制线;CB总线;BUS晶体振荡器频率;fosc 机器周期;MC状态周期; S拍;P输入/输出;I/O电源正极;VCC电源负极;VSS /GND 外加电源;VPD插座;JP主器件发送-从器件接收数据口;MOSI(P1.5)主器件接收-从器件发送数据口;MOSO(P1.6)Central Processing Unit 中央处理器CPURead Only Memory 只读存储器ROMErasable Programmable ROM 可擦除可编程只读存储器EPROMRandom-Access Memory 随机存取存储器RAMInput / Output输入/输出 I/O Interface接口Port端口Arithmetic Logical Unit 算术逻辑单元ALUIT0/T1 串行输入口;RXO串行输出口;TXD累加器;ACC程序状态字;PSW紫外线擦除存储器;EPROM 只读存储器;ROM随机存储器;RAM可编程控制器;PROM电擦除存储器;EEPROM门控位;GATE串行数据线;SDA串行时钟线;SCLIC器件间;I2CAccumulator累加器 ACCProgram Status Word 程序状态字PSWCarry进位标志位 C Auxiliary Carry ACWorking Register Bank Selection Bit 1 / 0工作寄存器区选择RS1 / RS0Overflow溢出 OV Parity奇偶性 P Program Counter程序计数器 PC Data Pointer数据指针 DPTR Stack堆栈Stack Pointer堆栈指针 SPSpecial Function Register 特殊功能寄存器SFRProgram Store Enable 访问外部程序存储器选通 PSENAddress Latch Enable 地址锁存允许ALEExternal Access 访问外部程序存储器 EAReset复位 RSTCrystal石英晶体 XTAL Receive Data串行接收 RXD Transmit Data串行发送 TXD Interrupt中断 INT Timer, Counter定时器,计数器Write写 WRRead读 RD Address Bus地址总线 AB Control Bus控制总线 CB Data Bus数据总线 DB The Low byte of DPTR DPLThe High byte of DPTR DPHThe Low byte of T0 / T1TL0 / TL1The High byte of T0 /TH0 / TH1T1Power Control电源控制 PCONTimer / CounterT/C控制 TCON ControlTimer / Counter Mode T/C模式 TMOD串行数据缓冲器Serial Buffer SBUFSerial Port Control 串行口控制SCONInterrupt Enable中断允许 IE Interrupt Priority中断优先级 IPIdle空闲 IDLPower Down掉电 PDClock Cycle时钟周期Machine Cycle机器周期Instruction Cycle指令周期1.microcontroller 微控制器2. microprocessor 微处理器3. integrated circuit 集成电路4. processor core 内核5. peripheral 外围设备6. chip 芯片7. embedded application/system 嵌入式应用/系统8. Mixed signal 复合信号9. analog 模拟10. component 元件;组成11. power consumption 功耗、能耗12. interrupt 中断13. external 外部的14. internal 内部的15. package 封装16. flash memory 闪存17. semiconductor 半导体18. interrupt service routine (ISR) 中断例程19. overflow 溢出20. hardware 硬件21. software 软件22. interface 接口23. general purpose input/output (GPIO) 通用输入/输出24. sensor 传感器25. analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 模数转换器26. timer 计时器、定时器27. register 寄存器28. Serial Interface (SI) 串行接口29. Parallel Interface (PI) 并行接口30. bus 总线31. net 网络32. circuit 电路33. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 中央处理器34. discrete 分立元件;离散的35. clock generator 时钟发生器36. crystal oscillator 晶振37. compiler 编译器38. simulator 模拟器,仿真器39. Interrupt latency 中断延迟40. buffer 缓冲器41. interrupt nesting 中断嵌套42. priority level 优先级43. accumulator 累加器44. synchronous 同步的45. asynchronous 异步的46. shift register 移位寄存器47. configuration 配置48. clock frequency 时钟频率49. Integrated Development Environment (IDE) 集成开发环境50. executable 可执行的51. instruction 指令,用法说明52. built-in 内置,嵌入的53. reset 复位54. bootstrap loader 引导程序55. comparator 比较器56. in-circuit debugging 仿真调试57. interrupt resource 中断源58. instruction set 指令集59. addressing mode 寻址方式60. division 除法61. multiplication 乘法62. subtraction 减法63. addition 加法64. Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) 精简指令集65. encode 编码,编码器66. decode 译码,解码67. operand 操作数,运算对象68. load 加载69. mainframe 主机70. offset 偏移量71. parameter 参数,系数72. immediate addressing 立即寻址73. direct addressing 直接寻址74. register addressing 寄存器寻址75. register indirect addressing 寄存器间接寻址76. indexed addressing 变址寻址77. relative addressing 相对寻址78. decrement (DEC) 渐减79. increment (INC) 渐加80. binary 二进制81. octal system 八进制82. decimal 十进制83. hexadecimal 十六进制84. Exclusive-or (XOR) 逻辑异或85. XNOR 逻辑同或86. rotate 循环87. complement 补集,补码88. Boolean 布尔89. subroutine 子程序90. branch 分支91. label 标号92. input 输入93. output 输出94. array 数组,阵列95. latch 锁存器96. low-order 低位97. high-order 高位98. peripheral device 外围设备99. low end 低端100. high end 高端101. low power 低功耗102. high power 大功率103. integrated circuit (IC) 集成电路104. oscilloscope 示波器105. Least Significant Bit (LSB) 最低有效位106. Most Significant Bit (MSB) 最高有效位107. active high 高电位有效108. active low 低电位有效109. capacitor 电容110. resistor 电阻111. inductor 电感112. variable resistor 可变电阻113. full-duplex 全双工114. half-duplex 半双工115. on-chip 片上116. off-chip 片外117. Variance 方差。

单片机相关名词解释

单片机相关名词解释

MCU:微控制器(Micro Controller Unit),也称单片机。

单片机是一种集成在电路芯片,是采用超大规模集成电路技术把具有数据处理能力的中央处理器CPU随机存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、多种I/O口和中断系统、定时器/计时器等功能(可能还包括显示驱动电路、脉宽调制电路、模拟多路转换器、A/D转换器等电路)集成到一块硅片上构成的一个小而完善的计算机系统。

JTAG:joint test action group,又名JTAG Boundary ScanJTAG 主要应用于:电路的边界扫描测试和可编程芯片的在线系统编程ISP:在线编程(In System Programmable),不需要将芯片从PCB板上取下来,直接在板上下载程序,所以串行编程方式也是最方便和最常用的编程方式。

IAP(In Application Programmable)在运行编程方式,采用了称为自引导加载(Boot Load)技术实现的,往往在一些需要进行远程修改更新系统程序,或动态改变系统程序的应用中才采用。

Flash存储器:Flash Memory,可供用户多次擦除和写入程序代码,现在可实现大于1万次的写入操作RAM:RAM -random access memory 随机存储器。

存储单元的内容可按需随意取出或存入,且存取的速度与存储单元的位置无关的存储器。

这种存储器在断电时将丢失其存储内容,故主要用于存储短时间使用的程序。

SRAM:是英文Static RAM的缩写,它是一种具有静止存取功能的内存,不需要刷新电路即能保存它内部存储的数据,而DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory)每隔一段时间,要刷新充电一次,否则内部的数据即会消失,EEPROM :电可擦除存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory),电可擦可编程只读存储器--一种掉电后数据不丢失的存储芯片。

单片机常用英语词汇

单片机常用英语词汇

单片机常用英语单词中文名称; 英文名称; ;简记术语单片机; Single Chip Micocomputer or MicoControler Unit ;SCM or MCU在线烧录(往芯片写入程序);In System Programming ; ISP在线仿真;In Circuit Enulator ;ICE复位;reset ;RST编程选通使能端;Program Strobe Enable ; PSEN看门狗;WatchDog数据指针寄存器;Data Pointer Register; DP特殊用途寄存器;Special Purpose Register; SPRPSW寄存器; PassWord Register; PSW奇偶校检位P位; ParityBit溢出位OV位; Overflow寄存器组选择位; Register Select; RS(0/1)进位校检位;堆栈指针; StackPointer; SP堆栈;stanck推入;push弹出;popIE中断寄存器;Interrupt Register ; IE溢出中断;Overflow Interrupt计(时)数器;Timer计数器高位;TimerHigh Bit ;TH计数器低位; TimerLow Bit ;TL计数器模式控制寄存器; Timer Model Control Register; TMOD 计数器控制寄存器; Timer Model Control Register; TCON 串行端口控制寄存器; Serial Control Regiter ; SCON串行模式控制寄存器; Serial Model Control Register; SMOD开始位;Start Bit 结束位;Stop Bit 字节数据高位;MSB 字节数据低位; LSB传输控制寄存器; Pass Control Register; PCON停止运行设置位; Power Down Bit; PD位闲置模式设置位; Idel Model Set Bit; IDL位辅助寄存器; AUXR闲置模式下看门狗控制位; Watchdog idle model control bit;WDIDLE看门狗复位; Watchdog reset中断服务程序; Interruput Service Routine宏; macro寄存器组; Register Bank中断优先级寄存器; Interrupt Register波特率; Baud Rate中断向量; interrupt vector数据校检; Data Polling计数器溢出; TimeroverFlow ; TF串行时钟信号;Serial Clock singal; SCK看门狗重置寄存器; WatchdogTimer Reset SFR; WDTRST SFR ;UART移位寄存器锁存器串行锁存器;SBUF堆栈随机存储器; Stanck RAM ;SRAM脉宽;Purse Width Model ;PWM应用中编程; In Application Programing ;IAP数据总线DB模拟/数字信号转换;A/D个人计算机;PC读写控制线;CB总线;BUS晶体振荡器频率;fosc 机器周期;MC状态周期; S 拍;P输入/输出;I/O电源正极;VCC电源负极;VSS /GND 外加电源;VPD插座;JP主器件发送-从器件接收数据口;MOSI(P1.5)主器件接收-从器件发送数据口;MOSO(P1.6)IT0/T1 串行输入口;RXO 串行输出口;TXD 累加器;ACC程序状态字;PSW紫外线擦除存储器;EPROM 只读存储器;ROM随机存储器;RAM可编程控制器;PROM电擦除存储器;EEPROM 门控位;GATE串行数据线;SDA 串行时钟线;SCL IC器件间;I2CCentral Processing Unit 中央处理器CPURead Only Memory 只读存储器ROMErasable Programmable ROM 可擦除可编程只读存储器EPROMRandom-Access Memory 随机存取存储器RAMInput / Output 输入/输出I/O Interface 接口Port 端口Arithmetic Logical Unit 算术逻辑单元ALUAccumulator 累加器ACC程序状态字Carry 进位标志位 C Auxiliary Carry ACWorking Register Bank Selection Bit 1 / 0 工作寄存器区选择RS1 / RS0Overflow 溢出OV Parity 奇偶性P Program Counter 程序计数器PC Data Pointer 数据指针DPTR Stack 堆栈Stack Pointer 堆栈指针SPSpecial Function Register 特殊功能寄存器SFRProgram Store Enable 访问外部程序存储器选通PSENAddress Latch Enable 地址锁存允许ALEExternal Access 访问外部程序存储器EAReset 复位RSTCrystal 石英晶体XTAL Receive Data 串行接收RXD Transmit Data 串行发送TXD Interrupt 中断INT Timer, Counter 定时器,计数器Write 写WRRead 读RDAddress Bus 地址总线AB Control Bus 控制总线CB Data Bus 数据总线DB The Low byte of DPTR DPLThe High byte of DPTR DPHThe Low byte of T0 / T1 TL0 / TL1The High byte of T0 / T1 TH0 / TH1Power Control 电源控制PCON Timer / Counter Control T/C控制TCON Timer / Counter Mode T/C模式TMOD1.microcontroller 微控制器2.microprocessor 微处理器3.integrated circuit 集成电路4.processor core 内核5.peripheral 外围设备6.chip芯片7.embedded application/system 嵌入式应用/系统8.Mixed signal 复合信号9.analog模拟Serial Buffer 串行数据缓冲器SBUFSerial Port Control 串行口控制SCON Interrupt Enable 中断允许IEInterrupt Priority 中断优先级IP Idle空闲IDL Power Down 掉电PDClock Cycle 时钟周期Machine Cycle 机器周期Instruction Cycle指令周期ponent 元件;组成11.power consumption 功耗、能耗12.interrupt 中断13.external 外部的14.internal 内部的15.package 封装16.flash memory 闪存17.semiconductor 半导体18.interrupt service routine (ISR) 中断例程19.overflow 溢出20.hardware 硬件21.software 软件22.interface 接口23.general purpose input/output (GPIO) 通用输入/输出24.sensor 传感器25.analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 模数转换器26.t imer 计时器、定时器27.r egister 寄存器28.Serial Interface (SI) 串行接口29.P arallel Interface (PI) 并行接口30.bus 总线 网络32.circuit 电路33.Central Processing Unit (CPU) 中央处理器34.discrete 分立元件;离散的35.clock generator 时钟发生器36.crystal oscillator 晶振piler 编译器38.simulator 模拟器,仿真器39.I nterrupt latency 中断延迟40.buffer 缓冲器41.interrupt nesting 中断嵌套42.priority level 优先级43.accumulator 累加器44.synchronous 同步的45.asynchronous 异步的46.shift register 移位寄存器47.configuration 配置48.clock frequency 时钟频率49.I ntegrated Development Environment (IDE) 集成开发环境50.executable 可执行的51.instruction 指令,用法说明52.built-in 内置,嵌入的53.r eset 复位54.bootstrap loader 引导程序parator 比较器56.in-circuit debugging 仿真调试57.interrupt resource 中断源58.instruction set 指令集59.addressing mode 寻址方式60.division 除法61.multiplication 乘法62.subtraction 减法63.addition 加法64.Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) 精简指令集65.encode 编码,编码器66.decode 译码,解码67.operand 操作数,运算对象68.load 加载69.mainframe 主机70.offset 偏移量71.parameter 参数,系数72.immediate addressing 立即寻址73.direct addressing 直接寻址74.r egister addressing 寄存器寻址75.r egister indirect addressing 寄存器间接寻址76.indexed addressing 变址寻址77.r elative addressing 相对寻址78.decrement (DEC) 渐减79.increment (INC) 渐加80.binary 二进制81.octal system 八进制82.decimal 十进制83.hexadecimal 十六进制84.Exclusive-or (XOR) 逻辑异或85.XNOR 逻辑同或86.r otate 循环plement 补集,补码88.Boolean 布尔89.subroutine 子程序90.branch 分支bel 标号92.input 输入93.output 输出94.array 数组,阵列tch 锁存器96.low-order 低位97.high-order 高位98.peripheral device 外围设备99.low end 低端100.high end 高端101.low power 低功耗102.high power 大功率103.integrated circuit (IC) 集成电路104.oscilloscope 示波器105.Least Significant Bit (LSB) 最低有效位106.M ost Significant Bit (MSB) 最高有效位107.active high 高电位有效108.active low 低电位有效109.capacitor 电容110.resistor 电阻111.inductor 电感112.variable resistor 可变电阻113.full-duplex 全双工114.half-duplex 半双工115.on-chip 片上116.off-chip 片外117.Variance 方差。

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v1.0 可编辑可修改班 级 10电工(3)班 学生姓名 郭洋 20(P17——P20)韩涛20(P21——P24)孙权清20(P25——P28)提交日期 2013年6月21日JINGCHU UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY第二章微控制器芯片的概述在这一章里,从内部结构,标准型号,基本设计结构,材料结构类型,操作过程,工作周期,工作环境,存储类型和软件的角度来简单的描述微控制器芯片。

最后,一个典型的80C51型单芯片微控制器作为例子来简述。

2-1 微控制器的标准配置一块单芯片微控制器基本包括下面几个内部功能块:——CPU(中央处理器)在某些必要的板块的控制下起核心作用;——接受由电源提供的外部能源和根据所有内部功能板块的用途来分配接受的能源的能源管理系统;——时钟和定时系统提供持续频率的时钟信号,在外部振动系统的帮助下使得整个操作过程在一个同步的状态;——复位系统接受外部复位信号,和根据先前的逻辑操作过程回到开始的状态;——控制逻辑存储表示CPU如何来指导操作过程中运行的程序或指令组;——变量区域来存储在操作过程中产生的内部数据;一个像嵌入式微控制器的微控制器的内部配置和跟外设相连的最基本原理如图所示。

微控制器的家族通常叫做“单片机”,根据体积,形状,引脚数,功能,型号等等的不同可以分为许多不同的种类,在原理上可以分为“嵌入式微控制器”,“外部存储微控制器”和“数字信号处理器”三大类,在特点,结构,功能和应用范围有共同之处也有不同的地方。

它们之间有的可以通过加入一些改进来相互代替,但是有些拥有它们特殊而不能在其他类型上找到的优缺点。

上面提到的每种类型的微控制器在后面将会简短的描述的。

图2-1-1 嵌入式微控制器图所示的嵌入式微控制器的种类包括非常广泛的范围。

它们共同的特点是一个单芯片含有独立工作的几乎所有的必要的功能,比如存储功能,输入输出接口,因此,用户只需要给嵌入式微控制器提供电源和时钟信号就能驱动它工作。

嵌入式微控制器能当做基于微处理器标准的单片机已经建立了,也可以当做由利用微控制器标准建立的系统。

因此它能够实现许多功能就像在单片机上的单任务。

嵌入式微控制器一个基本的作用是提供廉价的程序逻辑控制器和接口。

因此,它们不需要拥有好标准的复杂的功能,但它们能够根据不同的要求执行非常复杂的控制联系。

大致上微控制器有一下共同特点:①CPU(中央处理器);②复位(回到最初的地址)功能;③内部时钟定时功能;④程序存储器(EPROM,EEPROM)程序输入端口;⑤数据存储器(RAM);⑥I/O(输入/输出)引脚;⑦指令周期计时器.基于上面提到的这个基本芯片的装置能够为电脑满足基本的要求,下面列举的增加的功能根据它们的I/O脚已经实现了:①内部安装监控/调试程序;②内部控制存储编程的能力——在主机控制下执行的;③不同中断源引起的中断能力④模拟信号,PWM信号,DC信号的I/O口⑤连续I/O口(同步和异步)⑥平行I/O口,包括能和主处理器直接相连的接口⑦外部存储接口上面列举的特点让微处理器更灵活简单的使用,而且能够实现许多正在解决的看起来不能实现的任务。

2-1-2 外部存储微控制器外部存储微控制器的基本结构如图所示图外部存储微控制器的一个典型应用是当做存储获取/缓冲区,从根本上分配和缓解大量的数据,通常速度能达到几兆。

多亏了外部存储器,外部存储微控制器比嵌入式微控制器在相当高的速度上工作。

大多数外部存储微控制器有16位或者32位存储单元来存储运行程序。

它们的运行过程完全依赖于它们的外部存储器,包括微控制器的程序存储器和所有的数据存储器。

典型的外部存储微控制器类型是英特尔公司的80188型芯片。

80188型芯片的主体是IBM公司个人电脑运用的8088型芯片和它们的兼容型号。

在8088型芯片基础上,在微控制器的应用上一些电路在上面添加了一些典型功能运行。

开发80188芯片的目的是提供一套包含有为应用科技开发工程师所需要的功能电路。

2-1-3 数字信号处理器(DSP)这是一种在从模拟信号中抽样出的数据中起作用的相对较新颖的信号处理器,并且能够通过执行内部核心算法来计算出相应的价值。

DSP和它们的算术逻辑部位在很高的速度下运转,所以不能实现实时控制,并且它们包括大量数学计算系统,因此它们在高科技领域很受欢迎。

由于它们的高速和计算功能,DSP经常在某些方面比如飞机场的微电话机,电视中心的信号处理器用来消除噪音。

DSP算法发展是一个很特殊的领域,尤其是需要高水平的算法的控制理论中的一个重要分支,比如Fusssy Logics,一个非经典的数学家,支持电脑系统控制。

DSP有各种各样的种类。

它们都拥有在嵌入式微控制器和外部存储微控制器中能发现的共同特点。

DSP不仅能单独的使用,还能结合一个被中央控制设备比如微控制器或者在接口帮助下组织的系统。

DSP主要用来控制外部数字化硬件,或者处理输入信号和工作在用等式描述的方式的结构输出信号。

2-2 微控制器的基本设计结构微控制器同样也属于微数字处理器的大家族,因此最开始的硬件和软件分类跟后来的是一样的。

它们的软件结构包括CISC结构和RISC结构,硬件结构包括PLINSTON结构和HARVARD结构。

2-2-1 CISC和RISC基本结构CISC结构相当于一种复杂指令系统计算机的结构,RISC相当于一种精简指令系统计算机的结构。

这两种结构类型的主要不同之处的关键点在下面列举出的不同指令结构。

运转速度尽管一些CISC类型的处理器被当做类似RISC类型,但通常RISC微控制器的运转速度要高于CISC微控制器。

许多CISC类型的处理器比RISC类型能更快的执行运转代码,或者运用更高水平的技术,这一点是RISC类型不能够实现的。

指令存储与实现CSIC:通常很多指令存储在处理器, 实现了一个单一的操作不同的步骤, 如直接数据读取或填充,和标志寄存器测试, 每个操作来实现由设计师需要设置一个指令的组合.RISC:通常,每个指令存储在处理器中存在一个最小单位的基础上对用户自己设计所需要的操作,这不是由设计者预先做好的。

例如,一个堆栈的过程包括两个操作设置,进栈和出栈。

进栈操作设置在一个中断过程的开始实施,包括将所有相关数据,地址和状态标志,有序的堆栈寄存器,他们将在那里暂存;出栈操作是中断处理后实施,包括捕捉相同的数据,地址和状态标志,在相反的顺序,从暂存它们堆栈寄存器。

实现在RISC处理器上面提到的所有操作只需要两个指令:“把数据从寄存器中取出”和“将数据输入寄存器”,但很多编程任务由用户完成,然而,在CISC处理器中,实现所有相同的操作两个指令结合,进栈和出栈,它们被设计者设计和编程,然后作为一种产品供用户使用。

2-2-2 基本的硬件结构哈佛和普林斯顿哈佛和普林斯顿结构是被哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学的专家在1970年为了满足公众需求而创立的,为了与高运行速度和变化的环境相适应。

普林斯顿结构的原理如图所示。

为了存储控制程序和数据结构,在这种结构中常见的存储器是阵列的,如变量和堆栈以及存储器接口的使用,以构造任意通道指向的内存空间,&&支持处理器与内部寄存器之间的数据传输。

图普林斯顿结构当多通道数据取出或放进在很短的时间内,普林斯顿结构的问题“瓶颈效应”就会出现,因此数据流将被拒绝。

在哈佛结构有灵活的连接和接口之间的处理器,控制存储器,寄存器和堆栈空间,因此“瓶颈效应”,并且作为一个结果数据的阻止是可以避免的,但是当一系列复杂的操作被完成时普林斯顿结构的优点就能体现出来(图)。

图哈佛结构2-3 PMOS,NMOS,BMOS和CMOS芯片技术随着微控制器制造业的发展,像所有其它的电子产品,微型计算机已经变得越来越小,运行得越来越快,功耗越来越低,并且价格越来越便宜,主要是由于制造技术的提高,特别在材料加工技术方面。

这个CMOS逻辑技术现在广泛用于微控的材料加工技术方面,它已经在提供电脑功能和电气接口方面做出了巨大的贡献,主要是一个PMOS和NMOS晶体管结合的推拉技术,如图所示,包括在一个CMOS反相器或“非”门,当输入信号为低电平时,PMOS晶体管将导通并且NMOS 晶体管将被截止。

也就是说,晶体管扮演着“开关”的作用,在高电平将会被导通,在信号响应于输入信号为“低电平”时提供高电平。

相反的,当收到一个“高电平”信号,NMOS晶体管将会被导通,将该输出线到地面提供一个“低电平‘的输出信号。

提到的三个方面的全名将在下面给出:图 CMOS非门P型和N型MOS—P型和N型的金属氧化硅半导体这些早期的PMOS和NMOS用于微控制器的微处理器制造历史材料技术的方面;BMOS—双极性金属氧化硅半导体这种材料技术是P型和N型的结合,现代被用于微控制器制造业的材料结构;CMOS—互补型金属氧化硅半导体这个逻辑技术的优势是硅晶体结构类型的组合的优化开发,因此这种微控制器有低功耗,价格便宜,运转速度快和大容量的优点。

随着芯片技术越来越成熟,下面提及的一些重要的术语和问题能够被解释得越来越清楚。

1)功耗与工作频率的关系在上面提及的状态转换期间,流过晶体管的电流是非常小的。

随着工作频率(运行频率)的增加,在一个给定的时间段内电流会流得更频繁,因此平均电流,也就是装置的功耗将会上升。

2)“睡眠模式”在这种工作模式下,没有输入信号被接收或对任何输入信号没有运行反应,也就是说没有门打开,因此没有电流流过这个装置,这时的功耗就接近于零。

3)信号交换点在用任何装置之前,检查输入信号交换点是否符合装置的输入阈值是重要的。

对于CMOS装置典型的是到Vcc的一半。

但不同型号的装置它是不同的。

4)高低压水平CMOS能够与最积极的逻辑技术直接接口,逻辑“1”表示高电平,逻辑“0”表示低电平。

因此在所有的情况下能够确保高电平与低电平的区别是重要的,高电平的输入总是高于阀值电压的。

2-4 微处理器的基本操作过程微处理器的最基本的操作过程包括下面几步,如图所示:1)指令提取—CPU从内部或外部的控制存储器ROM的空间里取出指令,根据上一步计算的地址来确认指令的内容;2)指令代码的计算—CPU的指令代码计算器计算指令的代码,例如,给最后计算出来的代码加1;3)指令执行—根据一系列的指令由CPU执行运行控制操作系统;4)地址计算—地址计算器计算下一个地址,例如,给最后一个计算出来的地址加一地址增量;5)重复—重复步骤1)并且开始下一个循环。

一个过程的所有步骤由运行逻辑控制系统控制并且被一个有内部或外部时钟系统帮助的定时系统所同步(图)。

图基本运行过程2-5 微处理器的运行周期通常描述单片机的执行过程有五种周期:时钟周期、机器周期、指令周期、状态周期、震荡周期。

每个周期作如下简短的描述。

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