机原习题集(双语0)
2019年机械工程专业英语教程课后题翻译_1-4单元.doc
Unit 1Two methods of designating limit dimensions are considered as standard .One method is the maximum material method in which the large dimensions is placed above the smaller dimension for male parts, and the reverse is true for female parts. This method is well suited for small lot quantities because it is likely that the machinist himself may check the dimensions of the parts. In so doing, he will be verifying initially the larger dimension of the male part and the smaller dimension of the female part. The other method is the maximum number method and is preferred by production and quality control departments. In this method of designating a dimension, the larger number is always placed above the smaller number, regardless of whether the part is male or female.这两种极限尺寸方法指定为标准。
一个方法是最大的材料的方法，大尺寸放在上面的较小尺寸的凸圆零件，而相反的是真正的凹槽部分或内孔零件。
发动机原理(双语)考试样题答案
五、Calculation.(20scores)
The cylinder number of a gasoline engine i=6, number of strokeτ=4，diameter of cylinder D=100[mm], length of stroke S=110[mm], rotation speed n=3000[r/min]，brake torque Ttq=477.5 [N·m]，the mass of fuel induced per hour B=37 [kg/h]，low calorific value of the fuel hu=44100 [kJ/kg], mechanical efficiencyηm=0.83.(Pe＝(pme·Vs·i·n)/30τ)，Vs－swept volume).Calculate:
4. fuel-air ratio:Fuel-air ratio(FAR) is the mass ratio of fuel toair present in an internal combustion engine.
5.engine load characteristics:Relation between the instantaneous value of main engine economic parameters and engine load,when engine speed is maintained constant.
Answer: Mechanical power is composed of these sections: pumping power, compressor power, auxiliary power, friction power, and turbine power (if a turbine used). All the “losses” can be evaluated by mechanical loss power Pmas well as pmm—mechanical mean effective pressure (mmep), the part of the indicated mean effective pressure used to overcome mechanical friction. .
西方经济学习题集(双语版)
5 questions and answers
1-5 Why is entrepreneurial ability considered a category of economic resources, distinct from labor? What are the major functions of the entrepreneur? Entrepreneurial ability and labor are both human resources, but they perform different functions in the productive process. Entrepreneurial ability does not directly produce goods and services; it organizes the resources that do. Labor refers to the human inputs that directly engage in production. Entrepreneurs are risk-takers: They coordinate the activities of the other three inputs for profit—or loss, which is why they are called risk-takers. Entrepreneurs sometimes manage companies that they own, but a manager who is not an owner is not necessarily an entrepreneur but may be performing some of the entrepreneurial functions for the company. Entrepreneurs are also innovators, or perhaps inventors, and profits help to motivate such activities.
机务工程英语试题和答案资料
请写出下列单词的含义ACCESSORY GEARBOX 附件齿轮箱ACCUMULATOR 储压器ACTUATOR 作动筒/器BEARING(两个含义) 1方位;2轴承BORESCOPE 孔探BRACKET 支架BYPASS V ALVE 旁通活门CHIP DETECTOR 金属碎屑探测器FAIRING 整流罩FASTENER 紧固件FLAME ARRESTOR 火焰抑制器GASKET 密封垫LUBRICANT 润滑(剂)MANIFOLD 总管MUFFLER 消音器NOZZLE 喷嘴QUADRANT 扇形轮RECEPTACLE 插座SNUBBER 缓冲器SOLENOID 电磁线圈SQUIB 爆管/爆炸帽SUMP 集油槽SURGE 喘振SHOCK STRUT 减震支柱STICK SHAKER 抖杆器SPRING LOADED 弹簧加载THERMOCOUPLE 热电偶TRANSPONDER 应答机TURNBUCKLE 松紧螺套一写出下列缩写的全称及中文意思1CCO component change order 部件更换指令2BS(6章) body station 机身站位3GCU generator control unit 发电机控制组件4IDG integrated drive generator 整体驱动发电机5BTB bus tie breaker 汇流条连接断路器6TRU transformer rectifier unit 变压整流组件7PRSOV pressure regulate shut-off valve 压力调节关断活门8ACM(21章) air cycle machine 空气循环机9CPC cabin pressure controller 客舱压力控制器10EMDP electric motor drive pump 电马达驱动泵11AACU anti-skid auto-brake control unit 防滞自动刹车控制组件12PSEU proximity switch electronic unit 临近电门电子组件13WHCU window heat control unit 风挡加温控制组件14DEU display electronic unit 显示电子组件15DFDR digital flight data recorder 数字飞行数据记录器二英译汉16Brake Seizure刹车抱死17The airplane has three main jack points and four auxiliary jack points.飞机有三个主顶点和四个辅助顶点18NOTE: Make sure you set and release the parking brake with the same hydraulic system pressurized. If you release the parking brake with a different system pressurized, you will transfer hydraulic fluid from one system to the other.注意: 确保使用同一个增压的液压系统设置和释放停留刹车.如果使用不同的增压系统释放停留刹车,会使液压油从一个系统转移到另一个系统19CAUTION: WHEN YOU CLOSE THE BATTERY SWITCH, THE BATTERY AND STANDBY BUSES HAVE POWER.YOU WILL DISCHARGE THE BATTERY TO ZERO VOLTS VERY FAST. YOU SHOULD GET AN AC POWER SOURCE ON THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM QUICKLY.告诫:当你闭合电瓶电门,电瓶汇流条和备用汇流条有电.这样你将很快就把电瓶电压释放到零伏,你应当尽快给电源系统提供交流电.20Do not supply more than 60 psi of pressure to the pneumatic system. If you supply too much pressure, damage to equipment and injuries to personnel can occur.不要给气源系统提供超过60psi的压力.如果你提供过高的压力,会发生设备损伤和人员伤亡.21OUTFLOW VALVE IS MOTOR OPERATED. DO NOT INSERT HAND OR TOOLS IN OUTLET DURING ANY GROUND OPERATION OR INJURY TO PERSONS CAN OCCUR.外溢流活门是马达操作的.在任何地面操作期间都不要把手和工具伸进去,否则会发生人身伤亡22Because the EDP depressurization solenoid valve gets electrical power when the EDP HYD PUMP switch is OFF, you normally keep the switch in the ON position.因为EDP 释压电磁活门是在EDP液压泵电门在OFF位的时候通电,所以正常情况下电门保持在ON位.23WARNING: YOU MUST CAREFULLY INSTALL THE GROUND LOCKS IN ALL LANDING GEAR. AN ACCIDENTAL RETRACTION OF THE LANDING GEAR CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSON AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT警告:你必须仔细地给所有起落架插上地面安全销.意外地收上起落架会导致人员伤亡和设备受损三汉译英24航后检查发现右外主轮磨损见线，参照AMM32-45-11,更换此轮。
八年级英语科技发明原理深奥解析练习题40题(带答案)
八年级英语科技发明原理深奥解析练习题40题(带答案)1. The invention of papermaking has a long history. In the process of making paper, which of the following is the most important raw material?A. MetalB. Wood pulpC. StoneD. Plastic答案解析：B。
造纸术最重要的原材料是木浆。
选项A金属，金属不是造纸的主要原材料，造纸过程中不会以金属为基础原料。
选项C石头，石头与造纸原料毫无关系。
选项D塑料，现代虽然有一些特殊纸张可能会添加塑料成分，但传统造纸术的主要原料是木浆，木浆wood pulp这个表达也是本题的关键英语词汇。
2. Printing was a great invention. It helps to spread knowledge widely. When printing, what is used to transfer the ink onto the paper?A. A penB. A block or plateC. A brushD. A finger答案解析：B。
在印刷术里，是用印版或者印模（block or plate）来把油墨转移到纸上的。
选项A钢笔，钢笔是书写工具，不是印刷工具。
选项C刷子，虽然刷子可以蘸墨，但不是印刷术中用来转移油墨到纸上的常规工具。
选项D手指，手指显然不能用于印刷术中油墨的转移。
3. The ancient Chinese invented the compass. What is the main function of the compass?A. To measure timeB. To find directionsC. To weigh thingsD. To make fire答案解析：B。
机械专业双语考试题库
机械专业双语考试题库一、选择题（每题2分，共30分）1. 在机械设计中，哪一个因素是影响零件强度和刚度的主要因素？A. 材料选择B. 零件尺寸C. 加工精度D. 表面处理2. 机械加工中，切削速度的单位是什么？A. 米/秒（m/s）B. 转/分钟（rpm）C. 米/小时（km/h）D. 转/秒（r/s）3. 以下哪个是机械工程中常用的材料性能指标？A. 弹性模量B. 热膨胀系数C. 摩擦系数D. 所有选项都是4. 什么是机械传动中的基本传动方式？A. 齿轮传动B. 链条传动C. 皮带传动D. 所有选项都是5. 机械制图中，第一角投影法和第三角投影法的主要区别是什么？A. 视图的放置顺序B. 视图的数量C. 视图的方向D. 视图的标注方式6. 轴承的类型中，滚动轴承和滑动轴承的主要区别是什么？A. 摩擦系数B. 承载能力C. 制造成本D. 维护要求7. 什么是机械系统中的静平衡？A. 系统在运动过程中保持平衡B. 系统在静止状态下保持平衡C. 系统在受到外力作用下保持平衡D. 系统在任何状态下都保持平衡8. 机械设计中，如何确定零件的尺寸精度？A. 根据零件的功能要求B. 根据零件的材料特性C. 根据零件的加工工艺D. 所有选项都是9. 什么是机械制造中的热处理？A. 提高材料的硬度B. 改善材料的韧性C. 改变材料的微观结构D. 所有选项都是10. 在机械系统中，振动的原因可能是什么？A. 不平衡的旋转部件B. 轴承的磨损C. 齿轮的啮合误差D. 所有选项都是二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）11. 机械工程中的“三视图”包括______、______和______。
12. 机械加工中，工件的表面粗糙度用______表示，其单位是______。
13. 机械设计中，为了减少摩擦，通常采用______和______两种方法。
14. 机械系统中，传动效率是指______与______的比值。
15. 在机械制图中，尺寸线应与被标注的表面______，且尺寸线之间应保持______。
机械专业外语_习题集(含答案)
《机械专业外语》课程习题集一、短文翻译(英译汉)1. The solution to most design problems does arise from a set of equations, instead it is a compromise to satisfy a number of design requirements and practical limitations such as available tooling and servicing ease. Designs are often revised to introduce new features, but as much as possible of the old design is retained for economic reasons. Producing a revised design is usually not as difficult as producing a new design because the history of the original is available for evaluation.2. When cutting screw threads, power is provided to the gearbox of the apron by the lead screw. In all other turning operations, it is feed rod that drives the carriage. The lead screw goes through a pair of half nuts, which are fixed to the rear of the apron. When actuating a certain lever, the half nuts are clamped together and engage with the rotating lead screw as a single nut, which is feed , together with the carriage along the bed.3.Generally, grinding is considered to be a finishing process that is usually used for obtaining high-dimensional accuracy and better surface finish. Grinding can be performed on flat, cylindrical, or even internal surfaces by employing specialized machine tools, which are referred to as grinding machines. Obviously, grinding machines differ in construction as well as capabilities, and the type to be employed is determined mainly by the geometrical shape and nature of the surface to be ground. -e.g. cylindrical surfaces are ground on cylindrical grinding machines.4. The dielectric serves to concentrate the discharge energy into a channel of very small crosssectional area. It also cools the two electrodes, and flushes away the products of machining from the gap. The electrical resistance of the dielectric influences the discharge spark energy and time of spark initiation .if the resistance is low , an early discharge spark occurs. If it is large the capacitor will attain a higher value charge before the discharge spark occurs.5. As we previously saw, CNC,DNC and computer-assisted part programming are different kinds of preplanned computerized control of machine tools. In all cases, the tool path has to be established beforehand through a program, the person who prepares the programs employs his or her experience in order to bring the processing time to minimum and not to cause any damage or distortion to the workpiece. This is, in many cases, a difficult problem that involves many factors, alternatives, and constraints. Obviously, this is exactly where an expert system is needed.6. Equipment productively is improved because of the better utilization of machines whenCIM is implemented. We can see that factors like program ability of equipment and computerized monitoring and control of the whole manufacturing facility would largely improve the efficiency of machine utilization. Higher labor and equipment productivity would certainly result in lower product cost.7. Where loads are due to contact, a pair of equal and opposite forces occur. One force acts as an external load on one contacting member. This action-reaction force pairing is one of the basic natural laws put to practical use by engineers. Tracing these power transmission forces through connected machine linkages is an extremely useful visualization aid for identifying machine component loads.8. Element design is concerned with the proper sizing of machine elements to perform a given function at some stated life criterion. Mechanical designers must also be familiar with properties of materials and machining processes to achieve optimal design. In addition, designers must always contend with the question of cost. The watchword should be simplicity, since a simple device is usually the least expensive.9. The tailstock assembly consists basically of three parts, its lower base, an intermediate part, and the quill. The lower base is a casting that can slide on the lathe bed along the guideways, and it has a clamping device to enable locking the entire tailstock at any desired location, depending upon the length of the workpiece. The intermediate part is a casting that can be moved transversely to enable alignment of the axis of the tailstock with that of the headstock.10. Internal grinding is employed for grinding relatively short holed. The workpiece is held in a chuck or a special fixture. Both the grinding wheel and the workpiece rotate during the operation and feed is applied in the longitudinal direction. Any desired depth of cut can be obtained by the cross feed of the grinding wheel. A variation from this type is planetary internal grinding, which is recommended for heavy workpieces that cannot be held in chucks. In the case, the grinding wheel not only spins around its own axis but also rotates around the centerline of the hole that is being ground.11. The intelligent robot has always been the dream of manufacturing engineers, in order to make the automated factory of the future attainable. It is artificial intelligence that will make that dream come true. By definition, an intelligent robot is one that is able to think, sense, and effect, so that it can cope with a changing environment and learn from experience. Since thinking is a brain function, it is obvious that it would fall within the domain of artificial intelligence if it is to be performed by a computer. An integration between sensing, reasoning, and effecting would unify artificial intelligence and robots, with the final outcome an intelligent robot.12. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the range of media used to convey information. Initially, communication was limited to simple forms of media such as voice and paper. This century, however, has witnessed the introduction of a greater variety of media types such as the telephone and visual forms of media. In the latter part of the century,this trend has accelerated and there is now a wide range of media types available to convey information.13. It is well known that a hot plate of metal will cool faster when placed in front of a fan than when exposed to still air. We say that the heat is convected away and we call the process convection heat transfer. Convection is a much simpler physical process than conduction since it merely consists of the actual motion of a volume of hot fluid from one place to another.14.Around the turn of the twentieth century the steam turbine came into use. Steam turbines are very efficient. They can utilize almost 40 percent of the energy supplied to them. They are three times as efficient as reciprocating engines. Steam turbines power many of the world's ships and the majority of the world's electricity generating stations.15. Most small i.C.engines in common use has four cylinders, which fire in a definite and regular sequence. A flywheel is fitted to the crankshaft to keep it running smoothly. It is essential for the inlet and exhaust valves to open and close at exactly the appropriate moment in relation to the position of the piston. Therefore they are actuated by a cam-shaft running in phase with the crankshaft.16. The alternative to forming method is machining. In machining, a sharpened tool of suitable shape removes material in the form of chips until the desired shape is produced. The use of computer and punched-tape control of machine tools makes it possible forthe machining tool to follow any complex three-dimensional path.17. Perhaps because more high-strength, hard, tough, and exotic materials are used, there isa tendency to use chipless machining despite the progress just noted. There is a trend to reduce the amount of metal that needs to be removed. Often chipless machining is more expensive, but the reduced loss of material results in a saving. The increased use of metal forming, forging, rolling, die-casting and other processes illustrates this trend.18.For the semi-mechanized forging of small to medium-sized components, forging hammers powered by various means are employed. The feature common to all of them is that, like the hand forging hammer, they utilize the energy of a falling weight to develop the pressure needed for shaping the metal. Larger components are forged by means of forging presses operated by steam or compressed air or by hydraulic or electric power. Largely automatic forging machines are used for the quantity production of engineering parts.19. As we know, these are the main tasks of an engineer: to explore new ways, invent new solutions to problems, and design new devices. In the research stage of a project, the engineer usually has found a new way of doing a job and is analyzing it (using mathematics and computers) to see how feasible the idea is and how well it will work. The development stage then follows. Here the idea is carried out in the laboratory. The processes vary among different projects, but the basic point is the same: Turn the idea into a working reality.20.The fact that steel can possess a wide range of useful mechanical properties is of extreme economic importance. This is clearly illustrated in the railroad industry, forex-ample. To move a train from one place to another, we use a locomotive which has the ability to pull a given total load. This load is composed of the weight of the cars and the weight of the freight being transported. If a freight car is made of high strength steel, the structural members can be relatively small and the car will be lighter as well as stronger. This means that the amount of freight can be increased.21.The simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together is known as pressure welding. The ends of metal are heated to a white heat— for iron, the welding temperature should be about 13000C—in a flame, At this temperature the metal becomes plastic. The ends are then pressed or hammered together, and the joint is smoothed off. Care must be taken to ensure that the surfaces are thoroughly clean first, for dirt will weaken the weld. Moreover, the heating of iron or steel to a high temperature causes oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces.22. The design of a machine includes many factors other than those of determining the loads and stresses and selecting the proper materials. Before construction or manufacture can begin, it is necessary to have complete assembly and detail drawings to convey all necessary information to the shop men. The designer frequently is called upon to check the drawings before they are sent to the shop. Much experience and familiarity with manufacturing processes are needed before one can become conversant with all phases of production drawings.23. Flat pulleys and belts. This is the oldest and simplest type of pulley and belt. The pulley may be a single pulley, or it may have three or four different diameters. A one-piece pulley having three or four diameters is called a cone pulley. Actually the pulleys are not flat. They are tapered slightly so that the diameter of the pulley is a little larger at its center. We call this a crowned pulley. The pulley is made larger in diameter at the center because a flat belt will always climb to the highest part of a pulley. The crown ensures that the belt will run in the center of the pulley.24.Of course, materials have always been vital to human civilization. Three of humanity’s earliest eras are called the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, because the civilization of each was almost entirely dependent on the material after which the era was named. But now, in the twentieth century, materials-not just one, but many-have become a most important factor on which the advance of technology and industry depends. Our progress in space, in electronics, and in atomic energy is directly linked to the solution of crucial materials problems.25.The purpose of the design calculations is of course to attempt to predict the stress or deformation if the part in order that it may safely carry the loads which will be imposed upon it, and that it may last for the expected life of the machine. All calculations are, of course, dependent on the physical properties of the construction materials as determined by laboratory tests. A rational method of design attempts to take the results of relatively simple and fundamental tests and apply them to all the complicated and involved situations encountered in present-day machinery.二、按要求翻译下列句子（略）……答案1.对大多数设计问题的解决并不是来源于一组公式，而是受制于要满足很多设计要求和实际限制诸如可用的工具或使用的舒适性。
机工英语考试题库及答案
机工英语考试题库及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共40分）1. The machine is designed to operate at a speed of ________.A. 1000 rpmB. 1500 rpmC. 2000 rpmD. 2500 rpm答案：B2. The ________ of the engine is crucial for its performance.A. efficiencyB. capacityC. powerD. torque答案：A3. The ________ system is responsible for cooling the engine.A. lubricationB. exhaustC. coolingD. fuel答案：C4. The ________ is used to measure the temperature of the machine.A. thermometerB. ammeterC. voltmeterD. tachometer答案：A5. The ________ is a key component in the transmission system.A. clutchB. brakeC. gearD. belt答案：C6. The ________ is used to control the speed of the machine.A. governorB. regulatorC. controllerD. actuator答案：A7. The ________ is responsible for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.A. generatorB. motorC. alternatorD. transformer答案：A8. The ________ is used to reduce the speed of the machine.A. pulleyB. leverC. gearD. belt答案：C9. The ________ is used to measure the pressure of the machine.A. manometerB. barometerC. voltmeterD. ammeter答案：A10. The ________ is a type of bearing that allows for rotation.A. ball bearingB. roller bearingC. plain bearingD. thrust bearing答案：A11. The ________ is used to control the flow of fuel into the engine.A. carburetorB. injectorC. pumpD. filter答案：B12. The ________ is a type of valve that controls the flow of fluids.A. gate valveB. check valveC. globe valveD. butterfly valve答案：A13. The ________ is used to measure the electrical current in a circuit.A. voltmeterB. ammeterC. ohmmeterD. wattmeter答案：B14. The ________ is a type of joint that allows for limited movement.A. riveted jointB. welded jointC. bolted jointD. pinned joint答案：C15. The ________ is used to measure the electrical resistance in a circuit.A. voltmeterB. ammeterC. ohmmeterD. wattmeter答案：C16. The ________ is a type of bearing that operates on a sliding surface.A. ball bearingB. roller bearingC. plain bearingD. thrust bearing答案：C17. The ________ is used to measure the electrical power in a circuit.A. voltmeterB. ammeterC. ohmmeterD. wattmeter答案：D18. The ________ is a type of bearing that supports a rotating shaft.A. ball bearingB. roller bearingC. plain bearingD. thrust bearing答案：A19. The ________ is used to control the temperature of the machine.A. thermostatB. regulatorC. controllerD. actuator答案：A20. The ________ is a type of valve that prevents backflow of fluids.A. gate valveB. check valveC. globe valveD. butterfly valve答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）21. The ________ is a type of bearing that supports a rotating shaft and reduces friction.答案：ball bearing22. The ________ is used to convert the linear motion of a piston into the rotational motion of a crankshaft.答案：crankshaft23. The ________ is a type of valve that controls the flow of fluids by rotating a disc.答案：butterfly valve24. The ________ is used to measure the electrical voltage in a circuit.答案：voltmeter25. The ________ is a type of bearing that operates on a rolling element.答案：roller bearing26. The ________ is used to convert the rotational motion of a crankshaft into linear motion.答案：piston27. The ________ is a type of valve that controls the flow of fluids by sliding a gate.答案：gate valve28. The ________ is used to measure the electrical current in a circuit.答案：ammeter29. The ________ is a type of bearing that operates on a sliding surface and reduces friction.答案：plain bearing30. The ________ is used to measure the electrical resistance in a circuit.答案：ohmmeter三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）31. The governor is used to control the speed of the machine. (对/错)答案：对32. The clutch is a key component in the transmission system. (对/错)答案：对33. The pulley is used to increase the speed of the machine. (对/错)答案：错34. The ammeter is used to measure the electrical current in a circuit. (对/错)答案：对35. The generator is responsible for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. (对/错)36. The carburetor is used to control the flow of fuel into the engine. (对/错)答案：对37. The thrust bearing is used to support a rotating shaft. (对/错)答案：错38. The voltmeter is used to measure the electrical voltage in a circuit. (对/错)答案：对39. The gate valve is a type of valve that controls the flow of fluids by rotating a disc. (对/错)答案：错40. The ohmmeter is used to measure the electrical resistance in a circuit. (对/错)四、简答题（每题10分，共20分）41. Explain the function of a thermostat in a machine.答案：A thermostat is a temperature control device that regulates the temperature of a machine by controlling the flow of coolant. It maintains the engine at an optimal operating temperature by opening or closing the cooling system's flow path as needed.42. Describe the purpose of a regulator in an electrical circuit.答案：A regulator in an electrical circuit is a device that maintains a constant voltage level by adjusting the output voltage to compensate for changes in load or input voltage. It ensures that the voltage supplied to the circuit remains stable and within the desired range, preventing damage to sensitive electronic components.。
航海英语903机编考试卷50期完整答案无阅读
航海英语903机编考试卷50期完整答案无阅读第一篇：航海英语903机编考试卷 50期完整答案无阅读50期 903英语机考题目汇编1,[2286]Some of these shoals have been disproved and are not charted．Nevertheless mariners should ______ with particular caution in this area． A.go B.proceed C.move D.remove KEY: B 2,[136]Information on the operating times and characteristics of foreign radiobeacons can be found in which publication? A.List of Lights B.Coast Pilot C.Sailing Directions D.List of Radiobeacons KEY: A 3[247]A red triangular daymark marks ______.A.the centerline of a navigable channel B.the starboard side of a channel C.a prominent object of navigational interest that has no lateral significance D.an area of a channel where passing another vessel is permitted KEY: B 4[293]What information is found in the chart title? A.Date of the first edition B.Date of the edition and，if applicable，the revision rmation on the sounding datum rmation on which IALA buoyage system applies KEY: C 5[284]The maximum difference between mean time and apparent time is ______.A.equal to the longitude expressed in time units B.about 16 minutes C.the difference between the GHA of mean sun and the first point of Aries D.15°of arc KEY: B 6[279]The chart of a beach area shows a very flat slope to the underwater beach bottom.What type of breakers can be expected when trying to land a boat on this beach? A.Surging B.Spilling C.Plunging D.Converging KEY: B 7,the broken magenta lines starting at Mountank point and running generally ENE to Block Island indicate ___A_____ A recommended tracks to Block Island B a submerged cable area C a military exercise area D demarcation [ˌdi:mɑ:ˌkeɪʃən] 分界线lines for application of the COLREGS 8navigate with _D___ small fishing boats are within 0.8miles of me A carefulil B skill C concern D caution 9[469]Mariners are FIRST warned of serious defects or important changes to aids to navigation by means of ______.A.marine broadcast Notice to Mariners B.Weekly Notices to Mariners C.corrected editions of charts D.Light Lists KEY: A 10[353]All events relating to the voyage，such as ship's position，speed and details of the weather，are recorded in ______.同原题库2246 A.Logbook B.Bell Book C.Oil Record Book pass Error Book KEY: A所有与航次有关的事件，诸如船位，航速和气象的详细资料都被记录在航海日记中。
《机械工程专业英语》测试题含答案
封面作者：Pan Hongliang仅供个人学习《机械工程专业英语》测验题(18-22)一、将下列词组译成汉语1.the base circle（基圆）2.the pitch curve（啮合曲线）3.the contact force（接触力）4.the intermittent motion（间歇运动）5.the common normal（公法线）6.the conjugate profiles（共轭齿廓）7.the cycloidal profiles （摆线齿形）8.the involute profiles（渐开线齿形）9.the spur gear（直齿轮）10.the herringbone gears（双螺旋齿轮）11.the face gear（端面齿轮）12.the radial distance（径向距离）13.the addendum circle（齿顶圆）14.The tooth thickness（齿厚）15.the tooth space（齿间隙）16.the cap screws（螺钉）17.the setscrews（固定螺丝钉）18.the engineering graphics（工程力学）19.mechanical design（机械设计）20.the installation techniques（安装技术）21.the bolted joint（螺栓连接）22.the hardened washers（强化垫圈）23.the fatigue resistance（抗疲劳强度）24.the modulus of elasticity（弹性模量）25.the antifriction bearing（减摩轴承）26.the rolling bearing（滚动轴承）27.the rolling contact （滚动接触）28.the sliding contact（滑动触电）29.the corrosion resistance（抗腐蚀性）30.the machining tolerances（加工公差）31.the fatigue loading（疲劳载荷）32.the radial loads（径向负荷）33.the thrust loads逆负荷34.the ball bearing球轴承35.the roller bearing滚子轴承36.the single-row bearings单沟轴承37.the double-row bearing双沟轴承38.the needle bearing滚针轴承39.the bearing life轴承寿命40.The rating life额定寿命41.the axis of rotation旋转轴42.The helix angle螺旋角43.a right-hand helix 右旋44.a left-hand helix左旋45.an involute helicoids螺旋面46.an involute curve渐开线47.the shaft centerlines轴中心线48.worm gear蜗轮49.the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮50.right angle直角51.worm gearing蜗杆传动52.the lead angle导角53.shaft angle轴线角度54.bending load弯曲载荷55.tension load张力负荷pression load压缩负载57.torsional load扭转负荷58.the bending moment弯矩59.the bending stress弯曲应力60.the shot peening喷丸法61.the actuating force工作力62.the coefficient of friction摩擦系数63.An electromagnetic coil电磁线圈64.the magnetic circuit磁路二、将下列短语译成汉语1.disk or plate translating (two-dimensional or planar)盘形传动凸轮（两维的，即平面的）2.cylindrical (three-dimensional or spatial) cams圆柱形凸轮（三维的，即空间的）机构3. a radial (in-line) translating roller follower一个对心直动滚子从动件4. a constant angular velocity ratio旋转角速度的比例5. a constant torque ratio一个恒转矩比6.Nonlinear angular velocity ratios非线性角速度比率7.the parallel helical gear平行斜齿轮8.the crossed helical gear交叉斜齿轮9.the straight bevel gear直锥齿轮10.the spiral bevel gear弧齿锥齿轮11.the skew bevel gear大角度斜交锥齿轮12.the hexagon head screws六角头螺钉13.the fillister head screws槽头螺钉14.the flat head screws 平头螺钉15.the hexagon socket head screws内六角沉头螺钉。
习题答案-机电一体化专业英语(第4版)(附视频和音频).docx[7页]
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练习答案第一单元Exercise 11. B2. D3. C4. AExercise 21.中心钻2. packing grease3.加工性能4. carbon steel5. 铸铁6. feeler gage7.固定支架8. follower restExercise 31. C2. E3. A4. H5. D6. F7. B8. GExercise 41. 交流电2. 自动检测读出设备3. 绝对误差4. 自动化工程设计5. 自动—手动6. 自动比率控制7. 基本汇编程序8. 斜齿轮Exercise 51. Double Turret Lathe2. Automatic Lathe3. Vertical Lathe4. Special Purpose Lathe5. Horizontal Lathe6. Pipe Screw-cutting LatheExercise 61. E2. C3. H4. G5. A6. K7. D8. B9. M 10. L 11.F 12. J 13. IExercise 71. Facing2. Taper turning3. Contour turning4. Form turning5. Chamfering6. Cutoff7. Threading8. Boring9. Drilling 10. Knurling第二单元Exercise 11. C2. D3. A4. BExercise 21. 耐腐蚀性2. Medium Carbon Steels3. 丝杆4. wear resistance5. 导电性6. aluminum alloys7. 压铸件8. printed circuit boardsExercise 31. D2. A3. E4. B5. H6. C7. G8. FExercise 41. 缓冲件2. 反压力3. 计算机辅助设计4. 计算机辅助制造5. 电路断续器6. 铸铁7. 合金铸铁8. 中心轴线Exercise 51. Knee-and-Column Milling Machine2. Plano-milling Machine3. Single-arm Milling Machine4. Instrument Milling Machine5. Tool Milling Machine6. Single-column Milling MachineExercise 61. C2. E3. G4. A5. I6. K7. B8. F9. D 10. H 11. JExercise 71. Peripheral milling2. Face milling3. Slab milling4. Slotting5. Straddle milling6. End milling7. Profile milling8. Pocket milling第三单元Exercise 11. B2. C3. D4. AExercise 21. 常规加工2. milling machines3. 数控4. electrical discharge machining5. 化学腐蚀6. engineering drawings7. 表面纹理8. feed motionExercise 31. C2. F3. A4. D5. H6. E7. B8. GExercise 41. 计算机管理指令2. 冷轧钢3. 全自动防护4. 铜镍合金5. 直流电6. 直流电继电器7. 测距设备8. 电位差Exercise 51. Horizontal Milling and Boring Machine2. Vertical Diamond Fine Boring Machine3. Double Boring Machine4. Deep Hole Boring Machine5. CNC Gantry-Boring and Milling Machine6. Jig Boring MachineExercise 61.C2. E3. G4. A5. F6. B7. DExercise 7(1) Boring a hole (2) Boring coaxial bore (3) Boring a big hole(4) Milling flat (5) Turning inner ring groove (6) Turning end face第四单元Exercise 11. D2. B3. C4. AExercise 21. 液压机械2. power transmission3. 并联装置4. charge pump5. 换向阀6. hydraulic pump7. 密封垫8. power densityExercise 31. C2. E3. A4. F5. D6. H7. G8. BExercise 41. 差动继电器2. 电子仪器3. 气油比4. 大功率5. 热处理6. 高速钢7. 渐开线齿轮8. 输入/输出Exercise 51. Two Uprights Drawing Presses2. Four Column Hydraulic Deep Drawing Press3. Servo-hydraulic Press4. Hydraulic Cutting Presses5. High Performance Large Presses6. Cold Forging PressExercise 61. C2. E3. A4. G5. B6. I7.D8. J9.F 10.HExercise 71. Upsetting operation2. Forging operation3. Bending operation4. Rolling operation5. Extrusion operation6. Swaging operation7. Punching operation8. Drawing operation第五单元Exercise 11. B2. D3. A4. CExercise 21. 计算机数字控制2. conventional machine3. 步进电机4. positional accuracy5. 加工中心机6. spindle speed7. 直接联轴器8. automatic tool changerExercise 31. C2. D3. H4. A5. B6. G7. E8. FExercise 41. 界面压力2. 局部电池3. 测漏器4. 动能5. 总长6. 可锻铁7. 手工操作8. 维修部门Exercise 51. Internal Grinding Machine2. Surface-Grinding Machine3. Slideway Grinding Machine4. Centerless Grinding Machine5. Tool Grinding Machine6. Jig Grinding MachineExercise 61. D2. F3. A4.G5. B6. C7. H8. EExercise 71. Horizontal surface grinding2. Internal grinding3. Honing4. Vertical surface grinding5. Centerless grinding6. Cylindrical grinding第六单元Exercise 11. B2. C3. A4. DExercise 21. 视图投影2. engineering drawing3.剖视图4. descriptive geometry5. 专利图6. three-dimensional model7. 分解图8. visual appearanceExercise 31. D2. F3. A4. G5. C6. H7. E8. BExercise 41. 机械工程师2. 可变轴距3. 主控振荡器4. 结构钢5. 安全系数6. 测量设备7. 中性轴8. 操作系统Exercise 51. Digital Controlled Lathe2. Digital Controlled Drill3. CNC Grinding Machine4. CNC Milling Machine5. CNC Boring Machine6. CNC Combined Punch PressExercise 51. D2. F3. A4. G5. B6. H7. C8. I9. EExercise 71. CNC machine tool body2. Column3. Control panel4. Motor assembly for Z axis5. Linear guide rail6. Automatic tool changer7. Working table8. Column base第七单元Exercise 11. D2. B3. A4. CExercise 21. 电子元件2. metallic pads3. 单向闸4. electrical current5. 电流脉冲6. semiconductor device7. 双稳开关8. light-emitting diodeExercise 31. D2. F3. A4. H5. B6. J7. C8. I9. E 10. GExercise 41. 脉码编制2. 位差3. 压力元件4. 功率方向继电器5. 功率因数6. 管路7. 功率输出8. 电压互感器Exercise 51. Gear Shaving Machine2. Gear Shaper3. Gear Grinding Machine4. Slotting Machine5. Gear Milling Machine6. Wheel Gear Milling MachineExercise 61. D2. F3. A4. G5. B6. H7. C8. EExercise 71. Slotting with a straight-tooth side-milling cutter2. Slotting with a concave slitting saw3. Plain milling4. Angle milling5. Profile milling with an end mill6. Form milling7. Straddle milling8. Concave milling第八单元Exercise 11. C2. D3. A4. BExercise 21.快闪存储器2.Single Chip Microprocessor3.地址总线4.Radom Access Memory5.发光二极管6. clock generator7. 通用串行总线8. analog-to-digital converterExercise 31. C2. E3. A4. B5. H6. D7. F8. GExercise 41. 质量控制2. 滚动轴承3. 电抗耦合4. 基本误差5. 轴马力6. 钢板7. 表面/质量比8. 平方律Exercise 51. V ertical D riller2. Radial Drilling Machine3. G un D rilling M achine4. Multiple Spindle Drilling Machine5. Horizontal Drilling Machine6. Milling and Drilling MachineExercise 61. C2. E3. B4. A5. H6. D7. I8. F9. GExercise 71. Reaming2. Tapping3. Counterboring4. Countersinking5. Center drilling6. Spot facing7. Drilling8. Redrilling9. Step drilling 10. Tapered drilling 11. Deep hole drilling 12. Trepanning第九单元Exercise 11. B2. D3. A4. CExercise 21. 磁通2.electromagnetic force3. 永久磁铁4.right-handed screw rule5.磁场6.line of magnetic force7.松紧带8. straight lineExercise 31. B2. E3. D4. A5. C6. G7. F8. HExercise 41. 标准压2. 斜距3. 不锈钢4. 主轴转速5. 半钢铸件6. 标准温度7. 钢铸件8. 结构钢Exercise 51. Shaping Machine2. CNC Gantry Milling Machine3. CNC Gantry Milling & Boring Machine4. Double Housing Planer5. Open-side Planing Machine6. Vertical Slotting MachineExercise 61. D2. F3. A4. I5. B6. H7. C8.E9. GExercise 71. Machining horizontal surface2. Machining vertical surface3. Machining inclined surface4. Slot cutting5. Keyway cutting6. Irregular machining第十单元Exercise 11. C2. D3. A4. BExercise 21. 时滞继电器2.switching device3.功能模块4.program blocks5.限位开关6. data block7.梯图er programExercise 31. C2. E3. A4. D5. B6. F7. I8. G9. HExercise 41. 安全阀2. T型弯头3. 技术条令4. 每英寸齿数5. 技术规程6. 工具钢7. 甚高频8. 轴距Exercise 51. Vertical External Broaching Machine2. Side B roaching Machine3. Horizontal Broaching Machine4. Gear Broaching Machine5. Hydraulic Spline Broaching Machine6. CNC Broaching MachineExercise 61. H2. E3. K4. F5. J6. B7. A8. I9. G 10. D 11. CExercise 71. Linear broach2. Push broach3. Pot broach4. Spline broach5. Straddle broach6. Rotary braoch7. Fir tree slot broach8. Dove tail broach。
机械原理(双语)试卷2答案
《机械原理（双语）》课程试卷2答案一、Checkpoint ( mark your answer on the answer sheet by True or False)(20 points 2 points/each )1．The links within a mechanism can have determined relative motions if and only if the DOF of the mechanism is greater than zero and equal to the number of the driving links ( T )2. During the group dividing of mechanism, if the DOF of the group is zero, then the group is called Assur group ( F )3. Any three independent links in general plane motion must have three instant centres, the three instant centres may lie on a common straight line. ( F )4.If a mechanism comply with the Grashof’s criterion , then the mechanism must have a crank. ( F )5. A rotor is statically balanced if it has been dynamically balanced. ( T )6.In the velocity polygon ,The vector connecting the any two points except point p represents relative velocity between them and the direction is opposite to the velocity’ symbol ( T )7. The analysis with dynamic static is analysis of the mechanism force with exception of the inertia force, applying into the case of low velocity mechanism. ( F ) 8. In a crank-rocker mechanism, the rocker DC reaches its two limiting positions DC1 and DC2. if the crank AB is a driver, then the limiting positions are called dead points . ( F ) 9. The pressure angle remains the same at all points on the tooth profiles of the rack (a k=a), which is also called the normal pressure angle. ( T ) 10. The transmission ratio of worm gearing (worm is driver) can be calculated by the formula i12=d2/d1 ( F )二. Calculate the degree of freedom of the mechanism shown in Fig(10 points) solution:A: passive DOFB B: compound hingen=9, P L=12, P H =2F=3n-2P L-P H (3 points)=3×9-2×12-2=1 (7 points)三. For the plate cam mechanism with translating inline roller follower as shown in Fig, the cam contour is circle(the radius r =100mm), the radius of roller r R=10mm, OC=20mm, the cam rotates at anticlockwise .1). Draw out the pitch curve of the cam mechanism2). Find out the radius of prime circle r p=?3). Find out the lift of follower h=? Array4).(20 points)solution:1). the pitch curve of the cam mechanismAs shown in Fig dotted circle (2 points)2). r p=r-OC+r T=90mm (2 points)3). h=2 OC=40mm (2 points)4). As shown in Fig (2 points)5).As shown in Fig (2 points)四. Design an offset slider-crank mechanism by graphic method. The offset e is 16mm. The coefficient K of travel speed variation is to be 1.2. The working stroke H of the slider is to be 50mmsolution:θ=1800(k-1)/(k+1)=1800(1.2-1)/(1.2+1)=16.40 (3 points)Select u L =2, Design the offset slider-crankmechanism by graphic method (8 points)then ：L BC -L AB =AC1. x u l =36L BC +L AB =AC2 x u l =86L AB =25mmL BC =61mm(4 points) 五. A pair of standard spur involute gears has a module of 10mm, pressure angle α=200, transmission ratio i 12=2. the numbers of teeth z 1=30. 1. Find out reference diameters d 1,d 2,2. Tooth thickness s and spacewidth e .3. Find out reference centre distance a3. If working centre distance a’= a+1, find out working pressure angle α’ (15 points)solution:1 i 12=2 Z 2= Z 1x2=80d 1=m Z 1=300mm ，d 2=m Z 2=600mm ， (4 points)2. P=πm=31.4mmS=e=πm/2=15.7mm (4 points)3. a=（d 1+d 2）/2=450mm (3 points)4. acos α= a’cos α’450cos200=451cos α’ α’=20.30 (4 points) PA C2C1 θe六. The numbers of teeth of the gears in the gear train shown in Fig are given as Z 1=20, Z 2=40, Z 2’=20 Z 3=30and Z 4=80.Calculate the train ratio i lH · (15points) solution:1．Dividing the gear traingear train with fixed axes :gear1_gear2planetary gear train:gear 2’_gear3_carrier H_ gear4 (5 points)2. Calculate the train ratio i lHgear train with fixed axes :i 12=n 1/n 2=-z 2/z 1=-2n 2=- n 1/2 (1) (2 points)planetary gear train:4/10'24'2'24'24'2−=−=−=−−=−−=Z Z n n n n n n n n n i HH H H H H(4 points) 2'2n n = H n n 52= (2) (2 points)(2 points)102/15112−==−==HH H n n i n n n。
国际贸易双语课程习题集
《国际贸易》双语课程习题集Chapter 1 Introduction1. Important Concepts:SpecializationExchange rateImport quotaExport industriesGlobalizationRelatively closed economyImport-competing industries2. Choices:(1) International transactions constitute an extension of domestic transactions. In both cases, trade offers the benefits of .a. specializationb.industrializationc.globaliz ationd.tariff(2) There are a few of the differences between domestic and foreign trade. Which one is NOT included?a.Exchange Ratesmercial Policiesc.Marketing Considerationsd.Aggregate Measures(3) Commodity trade is not the only component of international transactions that has expanded rapidly. So dointernationaltransactions.a.industrial productsb.agriculturalproducts c.service d.raw materials3. Review Questions(1) Distinguish between (a) export industries,(b) import-competing industries, and (c) nontraded goods. Give examples of each.(2) Japanese labor productivity is roughly the sameas that of the United States in the manufacturing sector (higher in some industries, lower in others), while the United States is still considerably more productive in the service sector. But most services are nontraded. Some analysts have argued that this poses a problem for the United States, because our comparative advantage lies in things we cannot sell on world markets. What is wrong with this argument?(3) Evaluate the statement, "The United States is a closed economy, hence foreign trade is of no consequence to it."Chapter 2 International trade theories1. Important ConceptsComparative advantageAbsolute advantageFactor proportions (or endowment) theoryProduct cycleInter-industry tradeIntra-industry tradeCapital-intensive productsCapital-abundant countryMonopolistic competitionFactor price equalizationLeontief scarce-factor paradox2. Choices(1) The principle of comparative advantage was enunciated early in the nineteenth century by the Englisheconomist .a. David Ricardo b. David Hume c. Adam Smith d. Mordechai E. Kreinin(2) While comparative advantage determines the direction of trade, absoluteadvantage determines and therefore the relative living standards of the two countries.a. allocation of resourcesb. inflationc. the country 's(3) Country A has an absolute advantage over country B in commodity X if it can produce the commodity cheaper is the concept of .a. comparative advantage advantageb. absolutec. relativeadvantage petitive advantageChapter 3 International trade policies1. Important ConceptsDemand considerationDynamic gains from tradeCountry "in isolation"Anti-inflationary trade2. Choices(1) Japan primarily exports manufactured goods, while importing raw materials such as food and oil.Find out the negative impactions on Japan's terms of trade of the following events .a. A war in the Middle East disrupts oil supply.b. Korea develops the ability to produce automobiles that it can sell in Canada and the United States.c. U.S. engineers develop a fusion reactor that replaces fossil fuel electricity plants.d. A harvest failure in Russia.e. A reduction in Japan's tariffs on imported beef and citrus fruit.(2) A national government can introduce a variety of restrictions upon international transactions that cannot be imposed on domestic transactions. These could include .a. different domestic policiesb.voluntary export restraintc.statistical datad.relative immobility of productive factors3. Review QuestionsWhat is meant by strategic trade policy? What are its limitations? How can export subsidies bring about an increase in the share of global profitsms? obtained by “our ” firChapter 4 Tariffs1. Important ConceptsTariff protectionAd valorem tariffSpecific tariffEffective tariff2. Choices(1) Which one is NOT the type of tariff?a. ad valorem tariffb. specific tariffc. export tariffd. compound duty(2) The rule, which guards against discrimination in international trade, is known as .a. WTOb. MFNc. GATTd. IMF(3) The elimination of tariff in a customs union will cause the effect of .a. trade improvementb. tradediversionc. trade creationd. trade competationhigh enough to keep out all imports of the (4) A tariff rate isproduct which we calla. revenue tariffb. prohibitive tariffc. protective tariffd. specific tariffChapter 5 Non-tariff Trade Barriers and the New Protectionism1. Important ConceptsImport quotasQuota rentsQuality upgradingAntidumping duty2. Choices(1) sets an absolute limit on the quantity of a productthat may enter the country.a. An export quotab. An import quotac.Tariff d. Voluntary export restraints(2) International trade in certain primary commodities ( namely raw materials or agricultural products ) is governed by .a. WTOb. EUc. OECDd. ICAs(3) It is customary to distinguish amongthree types of dumping.Which one does NOT belong to those?a. anti-dumpingb. sporadic dumpingc. predatory dumpingd. persistent dumping(4) A country sets an absolute limit on the quantity of a product that may enter it is the concept of ___________________ .a. quota rentsb. indirect taxesc. auctioning import license import quotasd.3. Review Questions(1) Evaluate the following statements:a. As instruments of protection go, a tariff is less harmfulto a country than an quota, and a quota is less harmful thanb. Protection is an expensive and inefficient way to create jobs.c. International commodity agreements constitute the best way of helping LDCscombat the effect of violent price fluctuations on their economies.d. The Multifibre Agrement represents an excellent way to organize international trade. We should apply it to steel and other industries. (2) "Import quotas on capital-intensive industrial goods and subsidies for the import of capital equipment were meant to create manufacturing jobs in many developing countries. Unfortunately, they have probably helped create the urbanChapter 6 Economic Integration and WTO1. Explain the following terms:Trade creation of a customs union.Trade diversion of a customs union.2. What are the conflicts between the WTOand the environmentalmovement?3. Choices(1) International and regional forums for trade and financial negotiation include some organizations except .a. WTOb. EUc. World Bankd. OECD(2) What is unique about inrernational economics _________________a. exchange ratesb. relative immobility of productive factorsc. marketing considerationsd. commercial policies(3) Which of the following actions would be legal under GATT .a. A U.S. tariff of 20 percent against any country that exports more than twice as much to the United States as it imports in return.b. A subsidy to U.S. wheat exports, aimed at recapturing some of the markets lost to the European Union.c. A U.S. tariff on Canadian lumber exports, not matched by equivalent reductions on other tariffs.d. A Canadian tax on lumber exports, agreed to at the demand of the United States to placate U.S. lumber producers.e. A program of subsidized research and development in areasrelated to hightechnology goods such as electronics and semiconductors.f. Special government assistance for workers who lose theirjobs because of import competition.Chapter 7 International Trade and E-Commerce1. What is the process of e-commerce ？2. Briefly review the key innovations that culminated in thedigital revolution. What is the basic technological process that made the revolution possible?3. What is convergence? How is convergence affecting Sony? Kodak?Nokia?4. What is the innovator's dilemma? What is the difference betweensustaining technology and disruptive technology? Briefly review Christensen's five principles of disruptive innovation.5. What key issues must be addressed by global companies thatengage in e-commerce?6. What is the meaning of DFI? List some of the factors that inducecompanies to invest abroad.Chapter8 procedure of international trade1. Please list at least three essential constituents of adefinite offer.2. According to the text, what characteristics does an indefinite offer have?3. Please briefly describe the export process.4. Why is it of great importance for the exporter to check theL/C against the sales contracts very carefully after receiving the L/C? 5. What documents should usually be submitted when negotiating through the bank?6. Please briefly describe the import process.7. Why is the shipping advice so important on CFR?8. What information should be included in a packing list?9. Please list at least six kinds of documents used in international trade?10. What are the major functions of an B/L11. What are the contents and functions of commercial invoice?12. What is the function of documentation in export and import practices?Chapter9 International Trade Terms oceanic transportation?1. What's trade terms?2. Please briefly describe the thirteen trade terms inIncoterms 2000.3. What are the obligations of the buyer under the termsof CIF, FOB and CFR?4. What are the obligations of the seller under the termsof FCA, CPT and CIP?5. Which trade term is suitable to inland waterway and6. Please briefly describe three international trade practices.7. Please describe the formation domestic expenses andforeign expenses.8. Please list at least four derived forms of CFR.9. What's the meaning of main freight?10. What's difference between symbolic delivery andphysical delivery?11. What's the relationship among FOB, CFR and CIF?12. What's Commission ?13. Please describe the formula about conversion among FOB,CFR and CIF.Chapter10 terms of commodity1. How to name goods exported ?2. What's quality of commo dity?3. Please describe types of quality.4. How to weight different commodities?5. What's more or less clause?6. Please describe functions of sales packing and shipping packing.7. Why is shipping mark important in international transportation?8. Please describe the standardized format of shipping mark suggested by ISO.9. When choosing appropriate cargo packing, what factors should one take into consideration?Chapter11 international cargo transportation1. List at least 4 major type of transportation.2. What are the characteristics of Liner shipping?3. How to compute freight of Liner shipping?4. Who will undertake the loading and unloading charges in chartering a vessel?5. What's International Multimodal transportation.6. What are the Features of containerization?7. What's demurrage and dispatch?8. what 's the function of bill of lading?9. Please explain the clean bill of lading.10. What 's the difference between Hague Rules and Hamburg Rules?Chapter12 international cargo transportation insurance1. Please describe the scope of cargo transportation insurance.2. What's the difference between Perils of sea and extraneous risks?3. Please list at least 6 major type of fortuitousaccidents.4. Which risk did TITANIC encounter? Can this kindof risk be avoided?5. Did all the cargoes sunk with the ship? What type of loss they belonged to ?(actual loss, constructive loss, particular loss or general loss).6. What measures were taken after TITANICWhat was the nature of the Expense caused encountered the risk?by the measures? Did the insurance compensate for it?7. Who relieve the survivor on TITANIC ? what wasthe nature of this kind of expense? Who must undertake it?8. What's actual total loss and what is thedifference between Constructive total loss and actual total loss?9. What's General Average and what is thedifference between Particular Average and General Average?10. Please explain sue and labor expense and salvage charge11. What's coverage of CIC ?12. What's the relationship between CIC and ICC?13. How to compute the insurance value of the goodsand it 's insurance premium ?14. Please describe the content of insurance policy.Chapter13 international payments1. What payment instruments are used in international trade? Please list at least 5 of them.2. What's the difference between a commercial d raft and a banker 's draft?3. What is the advantage and disadvantage of transferring money through DD compared with TT?4. How many stages are there in handling a draft?5. What's the difference between draft and Promissory note?6. What are the Characteristics of remittance?7. when will you release documents if you are the exporter under collection?8. Please describe the difference amongD/P at sight , D/P after sight and D/A.9. What's D/P ? T/R?10. What are the characteristics of letter of credit?11. Will the issuing bank undertake payment if the applicant goes bankrupt?12. Will the bank deal with the transaction according tocontract or L/C if they aren 't in accordance with each other?13. What will happen if the documents are not inconsistent with theL/C?14. Please describe the chief contents of L/C.。
机原习题集(双语)
12-1Please draw the kinematic diagrams of the mechanisms shown below 。
(a)(b)(c)22-2 Please calculate the DOF of mechanisms as follows, can you point out these mechanisms have a determined motion or not ? (The link with arrow is driving link)（c）（d）343-1 Please confirm the location of the instant centres of mechanisms as follows （Using the sign ij P ）。
4-1According to the link dimension ,determine the type of four-bar linkage holding different link as frame？54-2 In a revolute four-bar linkage ABCD shown as below b=100mm c=80mm d=110mm(1)Find the range of the values for the length L AB of link AB if the linkage is either (a) crank-rocker mechanism with crank AB ,or(b) a double-rocker mechanism.(2) Can the linkage be a double-crank mechanism by choosing L AB suitably?Why?64-3 In the double-crank linkage ABCD shown as below L AB =80mm L BC =180mm L CD =230mm L AD=200 The driver BC rotates at a constant speed. Find the minimum transmission angleγof the linkagemin74-4 In the revolute four-bar linkage ABCD Let link AD is the frame L AB =60mm L BC =130mm L CD =140mm L AD=200mm and 0∠=BAD135(1)Determine the type of the revolute four-barmechanism(2) If the side link AB is a driver and rotates at aconstant speed(a)find the pressure angle αand transmission angle γof the mechanism at that position(b) Find the angularϕstroke of the link CDmax(c) Find the crank acute angleθbetween the twolimiting positions(d) Calculate the time ratio K(e) Will any dead-point occur during the whole cycle ofthe motion?(f) Find the maximum pressure angleα and themaxminimum transmission angleγmin84-5 Design the revolute four-bar linkage ABCD according to the figure as below:Let the length of rocker L CD =75mm , L AD=100mm and Link AD is the frame , the time ratio K=1.5 , The angle between one limiting position of rocker and the frame 045∠=CDACalculate the length of L AB、L BC（has two results）9104-6 Design the offset slider-crank mechanism ABC according to the figure as below: The crank AB is the driver, Let the length of crank L AB =25mm, The offset e=10mm, The maximum pressure angle 0max 30α= Find the stroke H of the slider and the crank acute angleθ between the two limiting positions.11 4-7 图所示为一牛头刨床的主传动机构，已知mm l AB 75=，mm l DE 100= ，行程速比系数K=2，刨头5的行程H=300mm ，要求在整个行程中，推动刨头5有较小的压力角，试设计此机构。
专业外语机考试题题库
专业英语机考题库1. We are _______ a copy of our catalogue for your reference.A.sendB.coveringC.closedD.enclosing答案:D2. Many international companies produce a large number of products, often divided into product________.A.categoriesB.mixC.brandsD.lines答案:D3. The credit of letter will be confirmed by the Bank of China, Shanghai, that will _______ your draft on the documents at sight for the amount of your invoice.A.acceptB.pay forC.receiveD.obtain答案:C4. Indent is often used by ______ or ______ in other countries.A.agents … madmenB.sellers … buyersC.retailers … wholesalersD.distributors … brokers答案:A5. Companies wishing to ______ more money for development can sometimes issue new shares.A.riseB.raiseC.increaseD.develop答案:B6. We cannot accept any fresh orders _______ heavy commitments.A.due toB.owing toC.becauseD.on account of答案:B7. Please see to it that the goods we ordered are shipped as soon as the covering letter of credit ______ you.A.getsesC.arrivesD.reaches答案:D8. The direct steamer sailing ______ your port calls at our port only around the end of the month.A.underB.onC.withD.for答案:D9. An order is a request to supply a specified quantity of goods, which may result from ________ or_________ with subsequent quotations.A.an offer … a bidB.an offer … an inquiryC.a bid … a counter-offerD.a counter-offer … a counter-offer答案:A10. The letter we sent last week is an enquiry _______ color TV sets.A.aboutB.forC.ofD.as答案:B11. Your delay in shipment will______ us in great difficulty.A.causeB.leadC.concludeD.involve答案:B12. We place this order ______ the understanding that the discount is 10%.A.based onB.withC.onD.through答案:C13. We would like to take this ______ to establish business relations with you.A.openingB.opportunityC.stepD.advantage答案:B14. If you can make us a firm offer at a ______ price, we will place an order with your corporation.petitiveparativeC.subjectiveD.objective答案:A15. We should be pleased to send you some samples of our new typewriter on approval, ______ our own expense.A.atB.onC.forD.in答案:A16. Our bank offers minimum interest ______ for seller financing and for loans of cash.A.levelsB.ratesC.basesD.percentage答案:B17. Taking into consideration our long-standing business relations with you, we accept ___by D/P.A.inquiresB.paymentC.installmentD.counter-offer答案:B18. When the seller receives the buyer’s counter-offer, and he finds some terms and conditions unacceptable to him, he will state his own opinions in a letter, which is called as _____A.bidB.offerC.inquiryD.counter-counter-offer答案:D19. The shipment time is June or July at our _____ and the goods will be shipped in one_____.A.choice, shipmentB.option, lotC.decision, cargoD.option, consignment答案:B20. Managers set _____and decide how their company can achieve them.A.limitsB.amountsC.detailsD.objectives答案:D21. Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change our world in _____way or another for the better.A.anyB.oneC.everyD.either答案:B22. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever答案:C23. It is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of two missing children.A.look uponB.look afterC.look intoD.look out答案:C24. It is often _____ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.A.saidB.to sayC.sayingD.being said答案:A25. Try on this red skirt; you will look great _____it.A.onB.byC.in26. I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late.A.traditionB.habitC.convenienceD.leisure答案:B27. How much ________ she looked without her glasses!A.WellB.goodC.bestD.better答案:D28. I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it _______.A.was happeningB.happenedC.happensD.has happened答案:B29. —They want to make sure you're paying taxes on the money you make. —________ .A.We're paying alrightB.At least, our records for money in are very completeC.That's something you can improve by talking to human resources答案:A30. There are more and more ______ of software for accounting, this has made the different types of software more accessible in terms of costs and variety.A.manufacturersB.manufacturingC.manufactures答案:A31.Current _______ are those debts that must be paid within the year.A.assetsB.equitiesC.liabilities答案:C32. The long-term assets are known as ______ assets.A.fixedB.current33. While the other people ____ and discussed the problem together, Ted ignored them.A.interactedB.intensiveC.interviewed答案:A34. The executive team have to hold an urgent meeting ____ they see the bad market feedback.A.beforeB.becauseC.whether答案:B35. We didn't understand how difficult it was to ____ such a breakfast.A.districtB.distributeC.distract答案:B36.Susc a growing demand can only result ( ) mcreased price.A.inB.atC.toD.for答案:A37.We place an order provided your goods can be supplied ( ) stock.A.outB.out ofC.fromD.in答案:C38.Unfortunately Ms. Zhong is not able to ( ) the appointment with you on Wednesday as arrangedbefore.A.runB.keepC.makeD.manage答案:B39.When business is ( ), there is usually an increase in unemployment.A.vanishedB.strainedC.fragmentD.depressed答案:D40.A balance sheet is a statement of the ( ) value of a business at a particular date of financialyear.A.bookB.recordD.income答案:A41.Some fast-food and drug companies are more ( ) with making money than offering safe andeffective products.A.temptedB.interestedC.concemedD.requested答案:C42.Nothing will ever ( ) him for the injuries he received in the accident.A.paypensateC.repayD.reward答案:B43.He runs ( ) of going bankrupt to help his friend.A.risksB.riskingC.a riskD.the risk答案:D44.His excellent educational background ( ) him for the job.A.qualifiesB.promisesC.encouragesD.leads答案:A45. clean credit是指光票信用证。
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2-1Please draw the kinematic diagrams of the mechanisms shown below。
(a)(b)(c)2-2 Please calculate the DOF of mechanisms as follows, can you point out these mechanisms have a determined motion or not ? (The link with arrow is driving link)（d ）（c ）3-1 Please confirm the location of the instant centres of mechanisms as follows（Using the signP）。
ij4-1According to the link dimension ,determine the type of four-bar linkage holding different link as frame？4-2 In a revolute four-bar linkage ABCD shown as below b=100mm c=80mm d=110mm(1)Find the range of the values for the length L AB of link AB if the linkage is either (a) crank-rocker mechanism with crank AB ,or(b) a double-rocker mechanism.(2) Can the linkage be a double-crank mechanism by choosing L AB suitably?Why?4-3 In the double-crank linkage ABCD shown as below L AB=80mm L BC=180mm L CD=230mm L AD=200 The driver BC rotates at a constant speed. Find the minimum transmission angleof the linkagemin4-4 In the revolute four-bar linkage ABCD Let link AD is the frame L AB=60mm L BC=130mm L CD=140mm L AD=200mm and 0BAD∠=135(1)Determine the type of the revolute four-barmechanism(2) If the side link AB is a driver and rotates at aconstant speed(a)find the pressure angle αand transmission angle γof the mechanism at that position(b) Find the angularϕstroke of the link CDmax(c) Find the crank acute angleθbetween the twolimiting positions(d) Calculate the time ratio K(e) Will any dead-point occur during the whole cycle ofthe motion?(f) Find the maximum pressure angleαand themax minimum transmission angleγmin4-5 Design the revolute four-bar linkage ABCD according to the figure as below:Let the length of rocker L CD =75mm , L AD=100mm and Link AD is the frame , the time ratio K=1.5 , The angle between one limiting position of rocker and the frame 045∠=CDACalculate the length of L AB、L BC（has two results）4-6 Design the offset slider-crank mechanism ABC according to the figure as below: The crank AB is the driver, Let the length of crank L AB =25mm, The offset e=10mm, The maximum pressure angle 0max 30α= Find the stroke H of the slider and the crank acute angleθ between the two limiting positions.4-7 图所示为一牛头刨床的主传动机构，已知mm l AB 75=，mm l D E 100= ，行程速比系数K=2，刨头5的行程H=300mm ，要求在整个行程中，推动刨头5有较小的压力角，试设计此机构。
5-1 For the plate cam with translating offset knife-edge follower Let the lift mm h 4.2=，cam angle for rise00120δ=，cam angle for outer dwell 0s 60δ=，camangle for return 00120δ'=，cam angle for inner dwell 0s 60δ'=.The follower rise as constant acceleration anddeceleration motion curve ；and return as cosine acceleration motion curve.Please draw the displacement curve of the follower.5-2For the plate cam with translating offset knife-edge follower shown as belowPlease draw the displacement curve of the follower by graphical method5-3 图示为一偏置滚子从动件盘形凸轮机构。
已知凸轮轮廓由三段圆弧和一直线组成，它们的圆心分别O 、O /及O //，半径分别为mm r mm r mm r 536,18=''='=及，偏距e=8mm 。
滚子半径mm r T 5=。
现要求：1）、画出凸轮的理论轮廓曲线及基圆；2）、求出从动件的行程h 、推程运动角a δ及回程运动角c δ； 3）、标出图示位置从动件的位移s 及凸轮机构的压力角α； 4）、标出凸轮由图示位置转过600时，从动件的位移S /及凸轮机构的压力角α'。
6-1 For the figure shown as below ，Let the radius of base circle mm r b 30= The radius of curvature of the involute at the point K mm K K mm r k 15,35==，Find ：1) The radius of curvature of the involute at the point K /k r 'and the pressure angle k α'。
2) if k r k r '''=。
Calculate the length of arc K K '''.6-2 An involute standard spur gear has parameters Z=26, m=3mm, h*a=1,0α=. Find the radii of curvature of20tooth profile on the reference circle and the tip circle and the pressure angle on the tip circle6-3 A pair of standard spur involute gears has a moduleof 5mm, pressure angle 020α=,center distancea=350mm, transmission ratio 129/5i =.Calculate the numbers of teeth Z 1,Z 2,reference diameters d 1,d 2,addendumdiametersd a1,d a2,basediametersd b1,d b2,tooth thickness s and spacewidth e.6-4 For a pair of external standard spur gears pressure angle 020α=, module m=20mm, Z 1=30, Z 2=40.(1)Calculate the working pressure angle α' when the working center distance is a /=725mm.(2)If the working pressure angle 02230α''=,find the center distance is a /.6-5 For a pair of external standard spur gears020αα'==, m=5mm, Z 1=19, Z 2=42.Calculate the contact ratioαε6-6 已知一对外啮合变位齿轮传动，1221==Z Z ，m=10mm ，020＝α，mm a h a 130,1*='=，试设计这对齿轮传动(列表给出两轮的),,,,,,,s d d d d h h y b f a f a ，并验算重合度及齿顶圆齿厚（S a 应大于0.25m ，取21x x =）。