中学英语中介词的省略

中学英语中介词的省略
英语中介词的省略是一种常见的现象，在英语运用中，常会使学生不解，误以为是错句。

现就中学常见的介词省略总结如下，仅供参考。

一、由for引导的表示时间长度的介词短语中，有时可以省略，这在非正式文体中较常见。

I can't order these things, unless you can wait (for) some time.我不能定购这些东西，除非你们能等一段时间。

I have lived in this town (for) a long time.我已在这个城镇里住了很长时间了。

但在下列情况，for一般不可省略：
1.在否定句中。

I have not heard from him for a long time.我好久没有收到他的来信了。

2.当for短语出现在句首时。

For a year, I waited to hear what had happened to him.一年来，我一直在等着听他的消息。

3.在某些动作动词后。

I have been studying this for five years.我研究这一点，已经有五年了。

在walk, run, drive, travel, advance之后，for短语表示距离，for 可省略。

They traveled (for) twenty miles and then stopped for the night.他们走了二十英里，然后停下来过夜。

二、of的省略。

1. of在与age, size, colour, height, shape, weight, use等名词构成介词短语时往往可以省略。

Mr. Smith has a son (of) my age.史密斯先生有个儿子和我同龄。

2. of +形容词+名词作表语，of可省略。

She is (of) the same weight as her mother.她和她的母亲一样重。

(Of) What shape is that?那个东西什么形状?
Tom is (of) the same height as me.汤姆和我一样高.
3. have no idea后接从句of可省。

You have no idea (of ) how anxious I have been.你不知道我一直是多么地着急。

三、介词on的省略。

on引起的短语表示特定的日子，非正式文体中on往往可以省略。

Jack will be here (on) the first day of next month.杰克下个月一号将到这里。

I shall meet my uncle (on) Christmas Day.圣诞节我将见到我的
叔叔。

四、介词to的省。

在near(nearer, nearest), next, opposite等之后的to常被省略。

The factory is near (to) the station.这家工厂离车站近。

He sat next (to) me.他坐在我旁边。

The shop is opposite (to) our office.这家商店在我们办公室对面。

在某些双宾语的动词之后，to有时可省略。

He gave it (to) me before I left.他在我离开之前把它交给了我。

A message was sent (to) him.有人给他送了一个口信。

五、介词by, at, in的省略。

1.当at about...表示时间，at可省略。

I came home (at) about four.我大约四点钟回家的。

I picked him up (at) about dark.我是黄昏时分把他用车接走的。

2. by airmail, by boat, by express等词组中，by往往可省。

Send the parcel (by) express.把这个包裹作为快件邮走。

3. in that way中的in可省。

You must not treat him (in) that way.你不要那样对待他。

六、and, or , not only...but also..., either...or..., both...and...或instead of连接两个介词短语，介词相同时，第二个介词常可省略。

You may go by land or (by) water.你可以由陆路或水路去。

This summer I am going to Qingdao instead of (to) Beijing.今年夏天我去青岛不去北京。

如果重点是放在两个不同的观念上，第二个介词不可省。

Do you prefer traveling by night or by day?你喜欢夜间旅行还是白天旅行？
and或or连接两介词短语，宾语相同时，常将第一个宾语省去。

He is walking up and down the room.他在房间里走来走去。

七、动名词前的介词省略。

1. employ，lose，pass，spend，waste等动词后接宾语，再接动名词，动名词前的介词可以省略。

She spent a lot of her time (in) writing.她花了很多时间写作。

2. busy，employed，engaged，late，occupied等词＋介词＋动名词，介词可以省略。

He was busy (in) preparing for the examination.他忙碌于准备考试。

3. have (no) business, have difficulty (trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time) +介词+动名词，介词可省略。

I have trouble (in) getting the car to start.我要发动这辆汽车有困难。

注：take the trouble to须接动词原形。

You need not have taken the trouble to do it for me.你本不必要费心为我做那件事。

八、stop...from...和prevent...from...表示"阻止做某事"时，from 可以省略，在no time, no use, no trouble之后接in +动名词，in可省略；在"What is the use of doing sth.？"和"What is the good of doing sth.？"句式中，of可省。

We must stop the factory (from) polluting the river.我们必须制止这家厂子污染这条河。

He had no trouble (in) finding the house.他没费劲就找到了那所房子。

What is the use (of) arguing?争论有什么用呢？。