第9章协调的产品与供应链设计

第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
物流设计
- 生产和流程设计降低制造过程成本－供应链 成员参与
- 制造设计降低制造成本－供应链成员参与
- 供应链的主要成本包括运输成本、库存成本 和配送成本
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
Design For Logistics
- Design for Logistics uses product design to address logistics costs
第9章协调的产品与供应 链设计
2020/11/27
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
The Manufacturing Environment
- Rapid Changes
– New products rapidly introduced – Short, unknown product life cycles
•Conflicting Goals!
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
制造业组织的目标
- 响应 - 竞争性定价 - 效率 - 客户服务
•互相冲突的目标！
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
Why Do These Goals Conflict?
- Forces for keeping low inventory
- Rubbermaid公司
– 生产一流的食物容器，包装设计适合沃尔玛货架 的尺寸14x14”
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
Concurrent/ Parallel Processing
- Objective is to minimize lead times - Achieved by redesigning products so that
- High Variety of Products - Long Production Lead Times - Increasing storage and transportation costs - Difficult to forecast demand
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
制造业环境
- Key Concepts of Design for Logistics
– Economic packaging and transportation – Concurrent/Parallel Processing – Standardization
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
物流设计
- 通过产品设计降低物流成本 - 物流设计的关键概念
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
这些目标为什么相互冲突？
- 保持低库存的动力
– 库存成本 – 低残值
- 保持高库存的动力
– 提前期长– 客户服务很重要 – 需求很难预测 – 降低运输量
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
Design For Logistics
- Product and process design key cost drivers of product cost
- Design products to efficiently utilize retail space
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
运输和储存的经济性
- 将产品设计成能有效包装和储存 - 将包装设计成能在直接转运点统一处理的形
式 - 将产品设计成能有效利用零售空间的形式
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
Examples
- Ikea
– World’s largest furniture retailer – 131 stores in 21 countries – Large stores, centralized manufacturing,
compactly and efficiently packed products
– inventory expensive – low salvage values
- Forces for keeping high inventory
– long lead times – customer service is important – demand is hard to predict – reduction in transportation quantity
- 快速的变革
– 新产品迅速推向市场 – 产品生命周期更短，无法预测
- 产品的高度多样性 - 长的生产提前期 - 不断增加的存储和运输成本 - 很难预测需求
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
The Goals of the Manufacturing Organization
- Responsiveness - Competitive pricing - Efficiency - Customer service
– 包装与运输的经济性 – 并行 / 平行工艺 – 标准化
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
Economic Transportation and Storage
- Design products so that they can be efficiently packed and stored
- Design packaging so that products can be consolidated at cross docking points
several manufacturing steps can take place in parallel - Modularity/Decoupling is key to implementation - Enables different inventory levels for different parts
- Design for Manufacturing used design to decrease manufacturing costs
- Major supply chain costs include transportation costs, inventory costs, distribution costs
- Rubbermaid
– Clear Classic food containers - designed to fit 14x14” Wal-Mart shelves
第9章协调的产品与供应链设计
实例
- 宜家
– 全球最大家具零售商 – 在21个国家拥有131家店 – 大库存、集中化生产、紧密和有效率的包装