锅炉控制系统设计仿真毕业论文

锅炉控制系统设计仿真

摘要

工业锅炉作为我国工业生产和集中供热的重要能源转换设备，能耗巨大，长期处在高能耗、高污染的生产状态。然而，目前我国大多数锅炉控制系统自动化不高、安全性低，效率普遍低于国家标准。锅炉作为将一次能源转化为二次能源的重要设备之一，提高锅炉控制水平已势在必行。

本文针对锅炉系统参数时变、严重非线性、干扰因素复杂等特点，提出对汽包水位采用三冲量控制方式，对炉膛负压采用前馈PID控制，对最优风煤比采用双交叉限幅比值控制的控制策略。在MATLAB环境下对几种控制系统进行了仿真。仿真结果显示，三冲量控制、前馈PID和双交叉限幅比值控制具有良好的控制效果，减小了超调量，提高了上升时间，缩短了调节时间，与传统的PID控制器相比，更适合工业锅炉这种复杂的控制对象。

关键词：锅炉三冲量控制前馈PID控制双交叉限幅比值控制

I

Abstract

As central heating in industrial production and the important energy conversion equipment in China, industrial boiler consumes enormous energy，and stays at high energy consumption and pollution production status. However, at present the majority of automatic boiler control system is not high, the security is low and the efficiency is generally lower than the national standard. Because the boiler is one of the important equipment which converses primary energy into secondary energy, improving the level of boiler control is imperative.

In view of many factors of the boiler system, such as time-varying parameters, severely nonlinear and complex interference factors and so on , this paper puts forward three control strategies, including using three-impulse control, utilizing feed forward PID control to hearth negative pressure, and adopting double crossover restricts the amplitude ratio control to the optimal air fuel ratio. Several control systems are simulated in the MATLAB environment. The simulation results shows that three-impulse control, feed forward PID control and double crossover restricts the amplitude ratio control have good control effect, which reduce the overshoot, improve the rise time and reduce adjustment time. Compared with the traditional PID controller, these control systems are more suitable for the industrial boiler, a kind of complex control object.

Key words: The Boiler, Three-impulse Control，Feed forward PID Control, Double Cross Restricts the Amplitude Ratio Control

II

III

目录

摘要 ..................................................................................................................... I Abstract ............................................................................................................... II 第1章绪论 . (1)

1．1 选题背景及意义 (1)

1.2 国内外锅炉的运行水平 (1)

1.3 制约我国锅炉发展的因数 (2)

1.3.1 大多数锅炉制造厂技术力量仍然薄弱 (2)

1.3.2 燃料的因素 (2)

1.3.3 工业锅炉的标准体系 (2)

1.3.4 市场机制的影响及科研开发投入的不足 (2)

1.3本文研究的主要内容 (2)

第2章锅炉系统的控制任务 (3)

2.1 锅炉系统的工艺流程简介 (3)

2.2 锅炉自动控制系统的任务 (4)

2.3 PID控制规律介绍 (4)

本章小结 (5)

第3章汽包水位三冲量控制 (6)

3.1 汽包水位系统介绍 (6)

3.2 汽包水位的动态特性分析 (6)

3.3 锅炉汽包水位的控制方案 (8)

3.3.1 单冲量控制系统 (9)

3.3.2 双冲量控制系统 (9)

3.3.3 三冲量控制系统 (10)

本章小结 (10)

第4章炉膛负压控制 (11)

4.1 控制和监视炉膛负压的意义 (11)

4.2 炉膛负压控制 (11)

本章小结 (12)

第5章最优风煤比控制 (13)

5.1 常规PID风煤比控制系统的缺陷 (13)

5.2 双闭环交叉限幅比例控制 (13)

5.3 温度串级控制 (14)

5.4 控制过程分析 (15)