不定式定义由to动词原形构成(精)

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1. 不定式定义:由to+动词原形构成。

不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。

2.用途:

在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。

【动词不定式】

1.定义:动词+ 不定式

2.用途:

动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。

动词不定式的时态、语态

动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性

动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语,其形式如下:

主动形式被动形式

一般式(not) to done(not) to be done 完成式(not) to have made ( n ot) to have been done

进行式(not) to be doing无被动

完成时(not)to have been done无被动

(1)语态

如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:

It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请)

It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)

I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)

Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)

He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)

在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:There ar e still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

(2)时态

1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再见

到你。

2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3) 进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

He seems to be eating something.

4) 完成进行时:

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

一般在情绪后加to do to do 也表将来

疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如:

①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语)

②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语)

③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做间接宾语)

④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语)

以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①When w e shall leave…③…how I

could learn…

经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, lea rn, observe, understand, wonder等。

动词不定式的语法功能

一、作主语

动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:

(1)把不定式置于句首。如:

To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:

①It+be+名词+to do

It's our duty to take good care of the old.

②It takes sb+some time+to do

How long did it take you to finish the work?

③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do

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