高二英语语法复习 人教版

高二英语语法复习---非谓语动词

一. 本次学习内容：

语法复习：

非谓语动词做名词的定语

There be句型中的非谓语动词的使用

With+名词+补足语

二. 知识总结与归纳：

（一）非谓语动词（to do; doing; done）做名词的定语

修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：

1. 被修饰名词+doing短语：正在做……的人/正在发生的事。

2. 被修饰名词+ done短语：被……的人/事

3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被……的人/事

4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被……的人/事

请看下面几个定语从句以及句中定语从句的简化表达：

1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.

The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.

2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

3. The question that is being discussed is very important.

The question being discussed is very important.

4. You are welcome to a party which is to be given in our class at 7:4

5.

You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.

总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。

1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个现在分词V-ing或过去分词V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。

2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。现在分词V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，过去分词V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的。

3. 不定式(to do)作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的。

例句：

1. Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.

2. A bridge connecting Asia with North America across the Bering Strait could be a critical link in the proposed global highway which would allow people to travel overland to anywhere in the world.

3. A driver starting off in the evening on the Russian side would arrive in Alaska on the morning of that same day, effectively traveling many hours back in time.

注意：还有一些结构已经形成了固定的短语：doing/done+名词

如：

the fallen leaves a washing machine

spoken English /written English a dressing mirror a waiting room

the coming year boiled water / boiling water等

（二）There be句型中的非谓语动词的使用：

There be + 名词+ to do：有……要做

+doing：有……正在做/发生

+done：有……被……

There is nothing to worry about.

There are birds singing in the tree.

（三）用with/without短语做伴随状语。结构如下：

with/without+名词+ doing 短语

+done短语

+to do 短语

介词短语/副词

例句：

1. Tom went away, without a word spoken.

2. Most of houses were built of bricks made of dried mud, with a roof supported by palm tree trunks.

3. He lay on his back, with his hands behind his head.

4. The silence was suddenly broken when a large car , with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.

【典型例题】

一. 单项选择：

1. With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled

B. settling

C. to settle

D. being settled

分析：With a lot of difficult problems _____ 意思是“有这么多难题要解决，”因此使用with+名词+to do 形式。

答案：C

2. How many of us_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?

A. attended

B. attending

C. to attend

D. have attended

分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us做定语与全句动作同步。

答案：B

3. Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.

A. being discussed

B. discussed

C. to be discussed

D. to discuss

分析：难道你不觉得明天要讨论的问题很重要吗？_____ tomorrow做定语修饰名词the question，表示：“将要被讨论的……”用to be done 结构做定语。

答案：C

4. The picture ____ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A. having hung

B. hanging

C. hangs

D. being hung

分析：The picture ____ on the wall：挂在墙上的画。Hang在句中是不及物动词。hanging做picture的定语。答案：B

二. 翻译句子：

1. Though there is much to be concerned about, there is far, far more for which to be thankful.

答案：尽管人生有许多烦扰，但更多的是感恩。

2. The Amazon has over a thousand tributaries feeding into it. The entire river system is the size of North America.

答案：亚马孙河由一千多条支流汇交而成。整个水系覆盖的面积如北美洲一样大。