医学论文：新生儿窒息原因的综合分析

新生儿窒息原因的综合分析

[摘要] 目的探讨新生儿窒息发生的相关因素，以减少该病的发生。方法对2006年8月～2010年8月在本院出生的窒息新生儿进行回顾性分析，对窒息的相关因素、发病率进行统计分析。结果早产儿新生儿窒息发生率为8.02%，足月儿新生儿窒息发生率为0.71%，过期产儿新生儿窒息发生率为7.73%，早产儿、过期产儿的窒息发生率与足月儿相比，差异有统计学意义。早产占窒息原因中的56.99%，高居窒息原因首位，其次为产程异常、妊娠期高血压疾病、过期妊娠、脐带因素、胎盘早剥、前置胎盘等因素。胎儿窘迫在胎儿出生后往往合并新生儿窒息，在186例窒息新生儿中有167例在出生前出现胎儿窘迫，123例有羊水粪染。结论新生儿窒息常见原因为早产、产程异常、母亲妊娠期高血压疾病、胎儿窘迫等，做好产前保健指导，加强产时监护，严密观察有高危因素孕妇的产程，及时防治胎儿窘迫，适时选择适当的分娩方式，采用有效的复苏方法，可降低新生儿窒息的发生率。

[关键词] 新生儿窒息；原因分析；胎儿窘迫；预防措施comprehensive analysis of the reason of neonatal suffocation

hua fangfang yang jun wang huiling liang wufeng

a department of gynecology and obstetrics, the first affiliated hospital of xinxiang medical university in henan

province, weihui 453100, china

[abstract] objective to explore the related factors of the newborn suffocation happen, in order to reduce the happening of the disease. methods retrospective analyzed the clinical data of neonatal asphyxia in our hospital from august 2006 to august 2010, and statistically analyzed reasons, incidence in statistical analyzed. results premature of neonatal asphyxia incidence was 8.02%, full term infant of neonatal asphyxia incidence was 0.71%, post term infant of neonatal asphyxia incidence was 7.73%, there had a significant difference between the three. accounting for 56.99% of the neonatal asphyxia causes premature, which cause neonatal asphyxia first, followed by premature pregnancy, abnormal labor,hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, postterm pregnancy, umbilical cord factors, placental abruption, placenta previa, and other factors. neonatal asphyxia always happen in fetal distress after birth, in the 186 cases, 167 cases of asphyxia newborn before birth appear fetal distress, 123 cases had amniotic fluid dung dye. conclusion common cause premature newborn choking for premature, abnormal, mother of pregnancy hypertension disease, fetal distress. antepartum guide, intensified intrapartum monitor, close observation of

labor, prevention of fetal distress, and proper delivery mode can effectively lower incidence of neonatal asphyxia. [key words] neonatal asphyxia; causal analysis; fetal distress; treatment

新生儿窒息是指新生儿生后无自主呼吸或呼吸抑制而导致的低

氧血症和混合性酸中毒。严重窒息时可导致缺血缺氧性脑病，甚至新生儿死亡，是儿童伤残及新生儿死亡的主要原因。近来，国外报道发生率为5%～6%，国内发生率为4.7%～8.9%[1]，为探讨其原因和防治措施，对本院2006年8月～2010年8月出生的8 806例新生儿中186例窒息新生儿的临床资料进行分析及统计学处理。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

2006年8月～2010年8月本院共出生8 806例新生儿，发生新生儿窒息186例，男103例，女83例，新生儿窒息率为2.12%，其中，轻度窒息129例，重度窒息57例；死亡6例。

1.2 诊断标准

新生儿窒息诊断标准：根据apgar评分（出生后1 min以心率、呼吸、肌张力、喉反射、皮肤颜色5项体征为依据，每项0～2分，满分10分），生后1 min 0～3分为重度窒息，4～7分为轻度窒息[2]。

1.3 方法

资料来源于本院病历记录，采用回顾性调查，对发生新生儿窒息