非谓语动词(高中精简版)

非谓语动词

概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词

2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分

非谓语动词使用条件

一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。

She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.

She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.

动词不定式

一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：

1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.

2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.

3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.

4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.

5．完成被动式to have been done

例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.

二. 动词不定式的用法

I.作主语

(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。

To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault.

(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。

句型1：It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.

句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor.

It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.

句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的）

It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的）

It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.

It is very kind of you to give me some help.

It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.

常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语

（3）To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing. 作主语前后一致

II.作宾语

(1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail,

manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan,

afford, wish，hope等

(2)it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面

I find/feel to work with him interesting ．I find/feel it interesting to work with him．Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it+adj/n + to do sth.

1.We thought _it__ better __to_ start early.

2.Do you consider _it__ better not _to_ go?

3. I feel _it_ my duty _to_ change all that.

4.We think it __ important _ to _ obey

the law.

动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：

I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里，别无选择。

(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:

tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover,

He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book.

I haven't decided whether to go or stay.

下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：

stop to do 停下来去做stop doing 停止做

forget to do 忘记要做forget doing 忘记做过

remember to do 记得要做remember doing 记得做过

regret to do 遗憾要做regret doing 后悔做过

try to do 企图做，尽力做try doing 试着做

go on to do 继续做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做mean doing 意味做

III.作宾语补足语

1.常见词：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite ,

order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb.

to do

注意：（1）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.

(2)help/make/let 后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to，但表被动时一定要加to.

I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.

IV．作定语

I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语)

（1）不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Do you have anything to wash today?

注意：①不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词：

He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子

②如果不定式修饰time,place,way，可以省略介词：

He has no place to live. 他无处安身。

③如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动：